Perbandingan Manajemen

Timur Barat dan Manajemen

Strategik Global

Prof.Dr. Ubud Salim, SE, MA

 International Business

Global
International
Marketing/
Management
International
Marketing
International
trade

International
Finance
 International Business

Market-Based View Conflict based view

Dynamic strategy view

•Resource-Based View
•Competence based view
•Knowledge based view

International Trade Theory : CA, IM, PLC

 International Business

WORLD CLASS ORGANIZATIONS

FLUID,
CUSTOMER FLEXIBLE TECHNO-
CONTINUOUS CREATIVE EGALITARIAN
BASED IMPROVEMENT
OF
CLIMATE
LOGICAL
VIRTUAL HRM
FOCUS SUPPORT
ORGANIZATION
 Manajemen Abad 21
Memandang kebelakang Memandang kedepan

Abad 20 Abad 21

Stabilitas, mampu diprediksikan Perubahan tak teratur

Ukuran dan skala Cepat dan tanggap

Kepemimpinan dari atas Kepemimpinan dari setiap orang

Kekakuan organisasi Keluwesan yang permanen

Pengawasan via peraturan dan jenjang Pengawan via visi dan nilai

Informasi dijaga ketat Informasi dimiliki bersama

Analisi kuantitatif Kreatifitas, intuisi

Membutuhkan kepastian Toleransi, ketidakpastian

Reaktif : menolak resiko Proaktif; keirausahaan

Kebebasan korporasi Saling ketergantungan korporasi

Integrasi vertikal Integrasi “moralitas”

Fokus pada organisai internal Fokus pada lingkungan persaingan

Keunggulan persaingan yang bisa dipertahankan Penemuan kembali keunggulan secara konstan

Persaingan untuk pasar-pasar hari ini Mengkreasikan pasar-pasar diwaktu yang akan
datang
 Indonesian Management Style
Knowledge Stake holder
& &
Universal •Sciences corporate
Management •Skills culture/vision
•Leadership behaviors
•Vision
•Mission
•Objectives
INDONESIAN
MANAGEMENT
STYLE •Leadership style
•Leverage positive element
•Social responsibility
•Productivity
•Competitiveness
•Opportunity Social/
Trend cultural
Of heritage
environment
changes
 Indonesian Management Style
• To be able in science & technology and
management skills
• Clear definition of stake holder and developing
appropriate corporate culture
• Clear understanding about nature of society,
their social/culture and aspirations
• Understanding about environment and changes
trend in regional/global
• Self developing to become “leader” with high
integation and having social responsibility
 Indonesian Management Style

• Having good self attitude as base:

– Broaden and clear future overview
– Hard work for getting result
– Discipline in thinking and working
• Considering Indonesian people characteristics,
their hopes and challenges
• Not all have to be different with management in
general. Especially difference lays on their
people`s dimension
• Universal elements of management need to be
implemented. Has to be able to communicate
with management system which is used by other
nation.
A Comparison Of Asian And Western Management Features
BASIC VALUES

WESTERN
Individual
Legal
Confrontation
ORGANIZATION Analytic
ASIAN MANAGEMENT STYLE
Group
Trust
WESTERN Compromise WESTERN
Formal Fluid Rationality
Fragmented Structured
Hierarchical Directive ASIAN
Competitive Doing Relationships
ASIAN Flexible
Informal ACTION Adaptive
Generalist Understanding
Integrated WESTERN
Co-operative Short Term
Control
Conflict
One Product/
Service ASIAN
Focused Long Term
Human Resource
Collaborative
Customer –
Focused
 Different Systems of Management
Characteristics of the US System of Management

Competition
Competitiveness
Customer satisfaction

Profit Orientation Professionalism

Shareholders Professional managers
Short-term Formalization

Individualism
Self-achievement
Mobility
 Different Systems of Management
Characteristics of the Japanese System of Management

Long-term
Growth is the dominant
goal
Japan Inc.
Quality Integration
Adoption to customer Of the individual to the
needs firm
Perfectionism Between function

Consensus
Embedded in the culture
Sense of the group
Communication
 Different Systems of Management
Ingredients of the European System of Management

Management
between extremes

Managing
Orientation
International
toward people
Diversity

Internal
Negotiation
 Two mindsets: A Comparison

• Arthur Andersen Consulting surveyed

the management style and mindset of
Eastern and Western senior business
executives. Their responses to two
common questions illustrate their
differences:
 Two mindsets: A Comparison
What makes an ideal manager?
Rank Eastern managers
1 Anticipates future
trends/changes
2 A role model to
subordinates and fellow
managers
3 Gives staff full support and
motivation
4 Uses resource efficiently to
meet sales/profit targets
5 Identifies and hires talented Uses resources efficiently to
people
Western managers
Gives staff full support and
motivation
Anticipates future
trends/changes
Identifies and hires talented
people
Willing to give subordinates
wider responsibilities
meet sales/profit targets
 Two mindsets: A Comparison
How has the business culture changed?
Rank Eastern managers Western managers

1 Wider use of information Wider use of information

technology
2 More opportunities to learn
different skills
3 More opportunities for
women and minorities
4 More autonomy given to
managers
5 More face to face
communication
technology
Less job security
Wider use of part-time and
project-based staff
More flexible hours
More responsibilities given to
workers

6 Wider use of part time and More opportunities for women

project based staff and minorities
P
DAYA
E SAING ORGANISASI
OTAK YANG CERDAS
R
M
I INOVASI
ORGANISASI
YANG INOVATIF
N
T
A ORGANISASI YANG FLEKSIBEL
PILIHAN
FLEXIBLE
A COMPANY
N
KUALITAS ORGANISASI YANG
QUALITY COMPANY
BERKUALITAS
P
A
S BIAYA ORGANISASI YANG
EFFICIENT
EFISIEN
COMPANY
A
R TAHUN 60-an 70-an 80-an 90-an 2000 - an
 INCREMENTAL CHEAPER RADICAL
RESPONSES BETTER RESPONSES
FASTER
NEWER*)
-Benchmarking
-Kaizen B
P
-TQM
R
-6 ∑
-Others

VALUE CREATION
The Field of International Business
• The Individual
– Core skills
– Concurrent knowledge
– Correct attitude
– Concern for others
– Competence
– credibility
• The business
– Globalization
– Increasing competition
– Cross-border activities
– Internationalization of process, product and services
– Regional/international/global markets
– Need for competitive cooperation in strategic alliances
– Total relationship marketing for loyalty
– Enterpreneur leadership
 The Field of International Business
The Environment
Micro Macro
• Strategic Focus • Knowledge society
• Strategic flexibility • Post-cold war era
• Multicultural management • Dynamic of East Asia
perspective • Human rights/environment
• Eco business systems issues
• Trend towards
regionalizational
• Speed of technological
innovations
The Field of International Business

• The study
– Need for closer academia-industry interface
– Build new paradigm for business education
– Increasing popularity of action learning
philosophy
– Face the intellectual and managerial
challenges of globalization
– Internationalization of curriculum, organization
“The emergence of management may be
the pivotal event of our time, far more
important than all the events that make
the headlines.”
Peter F. Drucker

Don’t major in minor thing

Good is not good where better is expected
Force Binds For Time, Education Binds Forever.
Khak bila nidhom yahlibuhul bathil binnidhom – S.Ali RA.