PERCEPTION

POWER OF PERCEPTION
STUDENT A STUDENT B
PROCESS OF PERCEPTION

Transduction: process of converting physical stimuli (like

light, sound) into neural signals
Sensation : the activation of the sense organs
Perception: the interpretation of the information
received by the sense organs
 FUNCTION OF PERCEPTION
Guessing what is out
there/ Recognition
Because our brain relies
so much on what we
know and have
experienced, we can
usually get away with
economizing in our
sensory processing and
making educated
guesses about what
sensory information is
telling us.
FUNCTION OF PERCEPTION
Helping us focus
on particular
inputs.
*cocktail party
effect refers to our
ability to pick out an
important message
FUNCTION OF PERCEPTION

Putting the pieces

together.
It refers to how our
brain takes multiple
pieces of information
and combines them to
represent something
concrete like an apple.
ATTRIBUTES
1. Perception is limited sensory discrimination
An individual must be able to discriminate among stimuli in his
environment considering the following:
Condition of the organism.
Properties of stimulus.
2. Perception is selective and subjective.
A person is bombarded with multiple sensory stimuli and because it is
impossible to attend to them all, a person responds to meaningful
stimuli and minimizes or ignores others.
External factors
a. intensity and size: The stimulus that is most intense is noticed
first.
b. contrast: A change in the usual stimulation to which we have
already adapted catches our attention.
c. repetition: What has been repeated catches our attention.
d. movement: Attention is caught by something moving.
Internal factors
Motivation, Expectations, Experience, emotion, individual
differences, Culture
3. Perception is constant
Common perceptual constancies
Size constancy- Any object’s size remains relatively
constant no matter how it is far from us.
Color constancy: An object looks roughly the same color
regardless of the light source illuminating it.
Shape constancy: The perceived shape of an object
remains constant even when the object moves.
4. Perception has organizing tendencies.
According to Gestalt psychologists, a group of
influential German psychologists among them are
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang
Kohler, our brain actively builds up “whole
patterns” or gestalts by combining the parts
that seem most likely to correspond to the
relevant aspects of the object of the real world.
Law of Pragnanz constructed by Koffka (1930)
states that “of several geometrically possible
organizations, what will be perceived is the best,
simplest, and most stable shape.”
These principles include:
a. RUBIN VASE: FIGURE AND
GROUND
b. GESTALT LAWS OF
GROUPING
PROXIMITY
CONTINUATION
Top-down processing- Perception that
is guided by higher-level knowledge,
experience, expectations, and
motivations.

Bottom-up processing- perception that

consists of the progression of
recognizing and processing information
from individual components of a stimuli
and moving to the perception of the
whole
CAN YOU RECOGNIZE THE
OBJECT
ERRORS IN PERCEPTION
1. Delusions. They are false beliefs organized from both
perception and memory; an individual may mistake his own
identity or misinterpret the action of others, overestimate his
personal worth, importance powerfulness, or attractiveness.
2. Hallucinations. They are impressions
of sensory vividness arising from the inner,
mental factors. They include imagining , hearing, or
sensing what is not present or actually occurring at
the same time.
Errors in Perception
3. Illusion. You have experienced an illusion when
you have a demonstrably incorrect perception of a
stimulus pattern, especially one that also fools others
who are observing the same stimulus.
VISUAL ILLUSIONS: THE DEVIL’S TUNING FORK
MULLER-LYER ILLUSION
Extrasensory Perception
ESP or extrasensory perception is perception that does not
involve the stimulation of the five senses. It has been referred
to as the sixth sense because it makes communication possible
without having to resort to the use of the five senses.
Telepathy is usually defined as thought transference from
one person to another, or mind-to-mind communication.
Clairvoyance literally means clear-sighted or clear vision.
It refers to the ability to see things without making use of
the sense of sight, and without a sender who consciously
transmits the information.
Precognition is the ability to accurately predict future
events.
Psychokinesis (PK) or telekinesis is a phenomenon very
related to ESP. PK is the ability to move things by mentally
willing them to move without physically touching them.
“You largely constructed your
depression. It wasn’t given to you.
Therefore, you can deconstruct it.”
–A. Ellis