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Diffusion Materials Engineering
Diffusion Materials Engineering
𝑥
𝐶 −𝐶
2 erf !! 1 − 𝐶! − 𝐶!
! !
𝑡=
𝐷
!.!"!!.!"
It
is
now
useful
to
figure
out
the
term:
erf !! 1 − !.!"! !.!"
=
erf !! . 7727
Using
the
erf
table
we
look
under
the
columns
for
erf(z)
for
a
value
close
to
.7727,
since
we
are
taking
the
inverse
error
function.
0.7707
is
close,
so
we’ll
say
that
erf !! . 7727 = 0.85
We
can
now
solve
for
t
:
0.002 m !
2 0.85
𝑡= = 68859 s or about 19.12 hr
m!
2.01×10!!!
s
0.002 m !
2 0.85
𝑡= = 71344 s or about 19.81 hr
!!! m!
1.94×10
s
[Example
2]
-‐
Calculate
the
Case
Depth
for
a
Given
Carburization
Time
A
part
made
of
low
carbon
steel
has
a
uniform
carbon
concentration
of
0.20
wt%.
Its
surface
is
to
be
hardened
by
the
carburization
process.
The
treatment
will
be
conducted
at
1000oC.
The
surface
concentration
of
carbon
during
the
treatment
will
be
maintained
at
1.2
wt%
C.
The
case
depth,
x,
is
defined
as
the
position
within
the
material,
measured
from
the
source/surface,
that
has
a
specified
carbon
concentration
after
the
carburization
time,
t.
In
this
case,
the
case
depth
is
the
distance
from
the
source
that
has
a
carbon
content
of
0.77
wt%
after
50
min.
Calculate
the
case
depth
after
50
min
of
carburization.
Solution
𝑇 = 1000 + 237 = 1273 K
𝑡 = 50 min = 3000 s
!!! !! ! !
𝐷 𝑇 = 𝐷! exp !! !
= 𝐷! exp !"
!"
!! !!.!" !!
𝐷 1273 K = 2.3×10!! !
exp !!"#
!" = 2.01×10!!! !
!.!"#×!!!! !"#$ !
!"#$∙!
!"
!! ! !"# !!
or = 2.3×10!! !
exp !"#
!" = 1.94×10!!! !
!.!"#×!!!! (!"#$ !)
!"#∙!
𝐶! − 𝐶! 𝑥
= 1 − erf
𝐶! − 𝐶! 2 𝐷𝑡
𝑥 𝐶! − 𝐶!
= erf !! 1 −
2 𝐷𝑡 𝐶! − 𝐶!
𝐶! − 𝐶!
𝑥 = 2 𝐷𝑡 erf !! 1 −
𝐶! − 𝐶!
m! 0.77 − 0.20
𝑥 = 2 2.01×10!!! 3000 s erf !! 1 −
s 1.20 − 0.20
0.77 − 0.20
erf !! 1 − = erf !! 0.43 = .40
1.20 − 0.20
(from closest erf z value in table 5.1 )
𝑥 = .000196 m or about 0.2mm
𝑥 = .000193 m or about 0.2mm if they used the 𝐷 1273 calculated from 𝑅
Table
5.2
–
Diffusion
Coefficient
Parameters