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Single Aisle Technical Training Manual T1 (CFM 56) (LVL 2&3) Auto Flight
Single Aisle Technical Training Manual T1 (CFM 56) (LVL 2&3) Auto Flight
AUTO FLIGHT
GENERAL
Automatic Flight System Design Philosophy (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Automatic Flight System Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
FAC General (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
FMGC General (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Autopilot Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Flight Director Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Autothrust Presentation (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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FLIGHT PLAN
The AFS has several flight plans predetermined by the airline in its
memory. A flight plan describes a complete flight from departure to
arrival; it gives vertical information and all intermediate waypoints. The
plan can be displayed on the EFIS or on the Multipurpose Control &
Display Units (MCDU).
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OPERATION
There are several ways to use the AFS but the normal and recommended
one is to use it to follow the flight plan automatically. Knowing the
position of the aircraft and the flight plan chosen by the pilot, the system
is able to compute the orders sent to the flying surfaces and the engines
so that the aircraft follows the flight plan. The pilot has an important
monitoring role.
NOTE: During AFS operation, side sticks and thrust levers do not move
automatically.
T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM DESIGN PHILOSOPHY (2) Feb 01, 2011
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FMGC
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FAC
There are two interchangeable FACs. The basic functions of the FACs
are the rudder control and the flight envelope protection.
T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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COMPONENT LOCATION
T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOMATIC FLIGHT SYSTEM PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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the FMGC to control the rudder via the rudder trim actuator.
The rudder trim gives: CONTROLS
- the manual trim with RUD TRIM selector,
- auto trim on yaw axis and the generation of engine failure recovery Each FAC receives inputs from its related P/BSW, the RUD TRIM
function when the autopilot is engaged. selector and the RUD TRIM RESET P/B. The RUD TRIM selector
deflects the rudder. The RESET P/B returns the rudder to the neutral
RUDDER TRAVEL LIMITATION position.
The rudder travel limiting unit limits the deflection of the rudder according DISPLAYS
to the aircraft speed.
The rudder travel limiting function: Some of the data computed by the FAC is displayed:
- limits the deflection for structure integrity, - the characteristic speeds are displayed on the speed scale of the PFDs.
T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FAC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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- the rudder trim position is displayed on the F/CTL ECAM page and on
the RUD TRIM control panel. The red WINDSHEAR indication is
displayed in the center of both PFDs.
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FAC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FAC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FAC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FAC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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COMPONENT LOCATION
T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FAC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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- the selection of specific functions. flight plan; however pilots can enter other data using the MCDU.
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GUIDANCE DISPLAYS
GENERAL GENERAL
The FG part gives the AP, FD and A/THR functions. These functions Various displays are used to present Flight Management and Guidance
work according to modes generally chosen on the FCU. The normal System (FMGS) data and information. The main displays presenting
way to operate the aircraft is to use the management part as reference flight management and guidance information are:
source for the guidance part. - the MCDUs (display part),
- the FCU (display Part),
AP
- the PFDs,
The AP function calculates the signals for the flight controls in order - the NDs,
to follow the selected modes. The AP controls the pitch, roll and yaw - the ECAM/EWD and ECAM STATUS pages.
axis according to the selected modes. Example of AP mode: Altitude
hold. MCDU
The MCDUs display all data related to the management part. Example:
FD
Identification of the successive waypoints of the flight plan.
The FD displays the guidance commands on both PFDs, allowing the
pilots to fly the aircraft manually according to the FMGC demands. FCU
Two cases have to be considered: The FCU is also considered as a display as it includes indication lights
AP not engaged: and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) windows.
- the FD function displays symbols on the PFD which gives orders to The FCU includes:
the pilot to maintain the desired parameter(s). In this case, the pilot - lights giving mode indications,
follows these orders by acting on the flight controls. - LCD windows showing reference parameters.
AP engaged: Example: During a climb with AP, the altitude window displays the
- the FD function displays symbols on the PFDs representing the AP altitude the aircraft is going to capture.
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FMGC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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ECAM
The ECAM/EWD page presents warning messages related to the
function or computer failures. The ECAM STATUS page displays
the landing capabilities.
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FMGC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FMGC GENERAL (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOPILOT PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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PRINCIPLE
The FD displays the Flight Management and Guidance Computer (FMGC)
guidance commands on both PFDs. In manual flight, the FD displays
guidance orders to help the pilots to apply commands on the controls in
order to follow the optimum flight path, which would be ordered by the
AP if it was engaged. When the AP is engaged, the FD helps the FMGC
demands to be checked.
The FD modes are the same as the AP modes and are selected the same
way. The FMGCs calculate AP/FD orders which are transformed into
symbols by the Display Management Computers (DMCs). There are two
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types of symbols: the FD bars, the Flight Path Director (FPD) and Flight
Path Vector (FPV) symbols. The central HeaDinG-Vertical Speed
(HDG-V/S)/TRacK-Flight Path Angle (TRK-FPA) P/BSW on the FCU
makes the pilots switch between these two types of symbols.
FD PUSHBUTTONS
Upon FCU power up, in go around, or when losing the AP during the
roll out phase of the landing, the three green bars of the FD P/BSWs
come on automatically. A lit FD P/BSW means that the FD symbols can
be displayed on the corresponding PFD: PFD 1 for the CAPT FD P/BSW
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) FLIGHT DIRECTOR PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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FPD/FPV SYMBOLS
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The FPD and the FPV symbols can be displayed provided TRK-FPA is
selected on the FCU.
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AUTOTHRUST ENGAGEMENT
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOTHRUST PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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T1 (CFM 56) (Lvl 2&3) AUTOTHRUST PRESENTATION (2) Feb 01, 2011
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AIRBUS S.A.S.
31707 BLAGNAC cedex, FRANCE
STM
REFERENCE UCC11021
FEBRUARY 2011
PRINTED IN FRANCE
AIRBUS S.A.S. 2011
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
AN EADS COMPANY