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Green Power
Green Power
/ GREEN POWER
SUBMITTED BY
18104C2053 ASHISH KAMAT
18104C2052 NISHANTH SUBRAMANI
18104C2058 TRISHA DIXIT
18104C2049 KRISHNA MHATRE
18104C2047 AKASH KHANDARE
18103B2009 AADITYA JADHAV
OVERVIEW ABOUT PRESENTATION
What is Green Power?
Why Green Power?
Kinds of Green Power
Hydro
Wind
Biomass
Solar
Geothermal
Conclusion
WHAT IS GREEN POWER?
Now,
the broader goal includes
minimizing the emission of CO2.
WHY GREEN POWER?
There are considerable external costs for electricity from fossil fuels that
someday must be taken into account as concerns about global warming
become real.
While contributions from renewable energy is small,
with the exception of hydro, their market penetration is growing at a
much faster rate than from conventional sources.
WHY GREEN POWER?
Competition: green option as a means of
differentiating their service & winning customer
loyalty.
More than 190 electric utilities offer green power
in the U.S.
50% of consumers
surveyed are willing
to pay an extra $15
per month to receive
green electricity.
HYDRO
Most mature renewable source of electricity
around the world.
700,000 MW contributes 21% of electricity worldwide (year 2000)
Negetive:
Limited exploitable sites
Potential damage to environment – Indiginous people
of developing countries.
HYDRO
Types
Impoundment
Allows operators to stabilize power with fluctuating water
levels.
Reduce flooding
River – flow.
Relies on river flowing water to keep producing electricity.
HYDRO
Impoundment type
Water turns turbines at bottom of the penstock (powerhouse)
Turbine attached to series of gears which increase the speed of
rotation.
When there is too much water, the spillway allows extra water to
bypass the penstock.
WIND
Second most popular source of green power.
17,500 MW worldwide (70% of which was in Europe)
in 2000
However, in 2001 1,695 MW was added in the U.S.
making it the second largest concentration of wind
power in the world.
WIND
HAWT : Horizontalaxis wind turbine
Axis about which blades rotate is horizontal
Higher height for greater wind speeds
All commercially available wind turbine generators.
Utilityscale
Utilityscale typically have greater requirements
Solid towers, concrete pads, built onsite.
Individualscale
VAWT : Verticalaxis wind turbine
Axis about which blades rotate is vertical
Must be mounted closer to the ground
BIOMASS
Developed from organic materials, a renewable
and sustainable source of energy used to create
electricity or other forms of power.
SOME examples of materials that make up
biomass fuels are:
• scrap lumber
• forest debris
• certain crops
• manure
• some types of waste residues.
SOLAR THERMAL
Concentrating sunlight and trapping its’ heat to
produce steam
3 types:
Central receiver
2,000 suntracking heliostats to single collection vessel
Molten salt flowing through the receiver and transferred to
linear focus
Lower concentration factor
Dish based
Point focused – 2 axis tracking
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
800 MW worldwide capacity
Fundamental unit: cell
Material: semiconductor material
Gallium arsenide
Crystalline silicon
Amorphous silicon
Available current is a function of cell area & light
intensity.
Formed into modules (series & parallel configs)
to obtain greater voltage & current.
GEOTHERMAL
Heat at the core of the earth exploited to produce
electricity through steam.
7,974 MW generated worldwide (1999)
Capital intensive:
enough steam supply
wells have to be drilled
upfront to provide the
full plant capacity at
startup.
CONCLUSION