Atmopadesa Satakam PDF

Btflm-]t- Zi-iX
- Iw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 1
Malayalam Language
ATMOPADESA SATAKAM
(A Hundred Verses of Advice for Self-Realization))
Contemplative Writing
SWAMI MUKTANANDA YATI
Published By
ONE-WORLD
School of Vedanta
Chethikode. P.O
Ernakulam- 682315.
Phone : 9539746366, 9645828032

email : oneworldcommunion@gmail.com
web site : www.gurudhaamam.org
Cover : One-World Graphics

Type : Nitya Chetana
Proof : Sabari Chetana
Printed at : Don Bosco, Ernakulam
First Edition : 2002
Upto Fourth Edition : 2011, Copies - 5000
Fifth Edition : Sep - 2014, Copies : 2000
© Rights Reserved
Rs. 160
Btflm]tZiiXIw 2
{io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns‚
Btflm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- Iw
a\\mhnjv°mcw
kzman ap‡m-\µ bXn
Btflm]tZiiXIw 3
kzman ap‡m-\µ bXn
1967 ¬ Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Ip≠-en-bq-cn¬ P\n-®p. sNdp-∏-Øn¬Xs∂

tamt£—p Bbn-cp-∂p. kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-
bmbn Ae-bp-I ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. k©m-c-Øn-\n-S-bnepw ]T\w XpS¿∂p.
kmº-Øn-I-im-kv{X-Øn¬ _ncp-Zhpw BwK-te-b-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ _ncp-Zm-
\-¥-c-_n-cp-Zhpw FSpØp. tP¿W-en-k-Øn¬ ]n.Pn Untπma t\Sn. Ipd-
®p-Imew ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mbn tPmen sNbvXp. At∏m-tg°pw Kpcp-k-hn-
[-Øn¬ AW-bm-\p-≈ XrjvW AZ-ay-am-bn. AXn-\m¬ tPmenbpw Km¿ln-
I-Xbpw If-™p. Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X-\y- b-Xn-bpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-®p.
Kpcp-hns‚ \n¿t±-i{- ]-Imcw 1993¬ \mcm-bW
- K
- p-cp-Ip-eØ
- n¬ tN¿∂p. Duń-
bnse t^¨ln¬ \mcm-bWKp-cp-Ip-e-Øn¬ Kpcp \nXyssNX\ybXn-
bpsS kao-]h - ¿Øn-bmbn Kpcp-tkh sNøphm\pw A≤ym-fli - m-kv{X-ßƒ
hnNmcw sNøp-hm\pw ku`mKyhpw \ntbm-Khpw D≠m-bn. 2000¬ Fd-Wm-
Ipfw Im™n-ca - ‰
- Øv \nXy-\n-tI-X\w B{iaw ÿm]n-®p. {]`m-jW - ß- fpw
{KŸ-c-N-\bpw XpS-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ sXmSp-]p-g-bv°-Sp-Øp≈ Ce-ho-gm-∏q-
©n-d-bn¬ temI-Ønse ]pcm-X-\-amb B≤ym-fln-I-ss]-XrIw kXy-Ip-
Xp-In-Iƒ°v ]¶phbv°m-\mbn Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S thZm¥[ym\-tI{µ
Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ hym]r-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 4
AhXmcnI
A dn-hp-W¿∂v, Adn-hn-e-a¿∂v, Adnhp am{X-amb Hcp
{_“hn-Øns‚ ˛ {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ Bfl-ma-{¥-
W-ß-fmWv a\-\m-\pIq-e-amb artK-{µ-apJw hrØ-Øn¬ hnc-
Nn-X-amb \qdp t«mI-ß-f-S-ßp∂ Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Iw. Kpcp-
hns‚ IrXn-If - n¬ G‰hpw {][m\w Cu IrXn-Xs - ∂. Kpcp
CXn¬ kzbw Nne Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcpØn-bn-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬
Kpcp-hn\v CXn-t\mSp {]tXyI XmXv]cyw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂q-
ln-°mw-. Adnhv F∂ tI{µ-ÿn-X\ - mb kqcy-\n¬\n∂p hnIn-
cWw sNøp∂ Inc-Wa - mWv CXnse Hmtcm t«mI-hpw.
Adnhv F∂ H∂p am{Xta kXy-am-bn-´p-≈q. thsd ]eXpw
Ds≠∂p tXm∂n-°p-∂Xv Adn-hn-s‚-Xs∂ Hcp "the'bmWv.
hy‡n Adn-hn¬\n∂pw `n∂-\√. temI-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw
hyXy-kvXa- √
- . ]t£, hy‡nbpw Adnhpw H∂p-Xs∂ F∂p
]d-bp-∂Xpw temIhpw Adnhpw H∂pXs∂ F∂p ]dbp∂Xpw
Htc A¿∞-Øn-e√ F∂p ad-°c - p-Xv. hy‡n F∂n-hnsS ]d-
™Xv Pohm-flmhv F∂ A¿∞-Øn-epw Adnhv F∂p ]d-
™Xv ]c-am-flmhv F∂ A¿∞-Øn-ep-am-Wv. Ch XΩn-ep≈
At`Zw XØz-akn (]-ca- k
- Xyw \obm-Ip-∂p), Alw {_“mkvan
(Rm≥ {_“-am-Ip-∂p), inthmƒlw (Rm≥ inh-\m-Ip-∂p) apX-
emb alm-hm-Iy-ß-fm¬ kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂XpXs∂. F∂m¬
temIhpw Adnhpw Hs∂∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Adn-h√ - msX thsd
H∂pw Cs√∂pw D≈Xmbn tXm∂p-∂Xv Adn-hn¬ \neo-\-
amb Hcp {]tXyI i‡n-bpsS ê-am-bn-´m-sW∂pw D≈
A¿∞-Øn-em-Wv. k¿hw JeznZw {_“ (Cu ImWm-bs - X√mw
{_“-am-Ip-∂p) F∂ alm-hm-Iy-Øn¬\n∂v Cu A¿∞-Øn¬
FØn-t®-cmw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 5
AssZz-X-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sn¬\n∂p hy‡n-_-‘-ßfpw
kaq-l-kw-hn-[m-\hpw icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥
]‰p∂ hn[-Øn-emWv Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw kwhn-[m\w
sNbvXn´p-≈X
- v. Htc kabw XmØzn-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-Ihpamb
kao-]-\-ßƒ CXn¬ ImWmw.
ae-bm-fØ- nse `K-hZ- vKoX F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°s - ∏´ Cu
IrXn°p ae-bm-fØ - n¬ Ccp-]X - n¬]cw hymJym-\ß - ƒ D≠m-
bn-´p-≠v. Ct∏mgpw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬\n∂pw
hyXykvXamb H∂mWp kzman ap‡m-\µ bXn-bpsS a\-\m-
hn-jvImcw F∂ hymJym-\w. km[m-cW-°msc Kpcp-hc - p-fnb
D]-\n-jZ- p‡ncl-ky-ßf - n-tebv°p ssI]n-Sn-®m-\b - n-°pI F∂
e£y-amWv Cu hymJym-\Ø - n-\p-≈X - v. Hmtcm ]Zyhpw ]Zw
Xncn®v A\z-b{- I-aØ - n¬ ]Zm¿∞w ]d™v XmXv]c - ym¿∞w
hnh-cn-°pI F∂ k{º-Zm-ba - mWv ChnsS A\p-h¿Øn-®n-´p-
≈Xv. Ign-bp-∂{X efn-Xhpw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kp{K-lhp-
amb `mj-bmWp D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈X - v. Cu IrXn BZy-ambn
]cn-Nb- s
- ∏-Sp-∂h- ¿°p-t]mepw Hs´ms° D≈n-te°p IS-°m≥
klm-bn-°p-∂X - m-Wp hymJym-\w.
DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v ""]c-bpsS ]mep \pI¿∂'' F∂p XpS-
ßp∂ ]Xn- \ ©mw ]Zy- Ø ns‚ hymJym\w ]I¿Ømw- :
""Imew Ne-\-am-Wv. Ne\w am‰-am-Wv. am‰w ico-c-Øns‚bpw
a\- n-t‚bpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-Øn\v hi-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv
A⁄m-\m-hÿ - b
- n-em-Wv. Ne-\Ø
- n¬ Poh\v _‘\w A\p-
`-hs
- ∏-Sp-∂p. _‘\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. ⁄m\amWv Pohs\ \n›-
e-amb Bflm-hn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xv. \n›-eX B\-µ-am-
Wv. A\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-a-amb A\p-`q-Xn-bn¬ Aa¿∂n-cn-
°p∂ ⁄m\n-Iƒ°v Ime-t_m[w Hcp ]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-
h-s∏-Sm-dn-√. Bflm-\p-`qXn B\-µ-Øns‚ \nd-™p-I-hn-b-em-
Wv. Bflm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev. AXv Aar-Xm-Wv.
arXyp-hn¬\n∂pw Pohs\ XcWw sNøn-°p∂ ckm-b-\w.
F√m-h¿°pw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-a√ - . `mKy-hm-∑m¿t°
AX-\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. `mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 6
AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-Øns‚ ê-ambn am{Xw e`n-°p-∂-X-
√. Ir]bv°v ]m{Xo-`-hn-°m≥ {]tXy-In®p ImcWw Bh-iy-
an-√. F∂m¬ At\z-jn-°p-∂h - t\ Cuiz-cI
- r] Xncn-®d
- n-bm≥
Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
Bflm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn¬ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿jw-t]mepw
Hcp \nan-jw F∂-t]mse A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. F∂m¬ A⁄m-
\-Øm¬ Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp
\nan-jw-X-s∂ Hcm-bncw h¿j-ßƒt]mse `mc-ap-≈-Xm-bn-
Øocpw. Imew a\- ns‚ krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\- n¬ kpJap≠m-
Ip-tºmƒ Ime-Øn\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]m™p-t]m-Ip∂
A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-°pw. ZpxJ-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ ImeØn\p \ofw
IqSpw. kabw Cg-™p-\o-ßp-∂-Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.
kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ Bt]-£n-I-ß-fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-I-
imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº Kpcp ]d-™pI-gn™p.
Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-hym-Jym-\-ß-fpsS CSbn¬ XnI®pw
am\y-amb Hcp ÿm\w kzman ap‡m-\µ bXn-bpsS a\-\m-
hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smw. kzman Cu hgn-°p≈ {ia-
ßƒ XpS-cp-am-dm-I-s´.
G{]n¬, 2002 tUm. Sn. `mkvIc≥

Atab. Ieq¿
Btflm]tZiiXIw 7
apJ-°p-dn
Rm s\mcp IY hmbn-®n-´p-≠v. bph-Xz-Øn-te°v Imeq-∂n-

\n¬°p-tºm-gmWv AXp hmbn-°m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv. B
IY hmbn-®t- ∏mƒ Rm\msI Akz-ÿ\ - m-bn. hoń¬ \n∂pw
Cd-ßn-\S- ∂- p. ImcWw B IY shdp-samcp IY am{X-am-bn-cp-
∂n-√; A¥-cm¿∞-ß-fpsS Hcp Ie-hd Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p.
Ft∂m-Sp-Xs - ∂-bp-ff Hcp-Xcw tNmZyw-sN-øe - m-bn-cp∂p AXv.
B IY Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp]t£, \nß-
fn¬ ]mIw-h∂ Hcp a\- p-s≠-¶n¬ Cu IY \nßsf tNmZyw
sNøpw. C{Xbpw \mfpw \nßƒ [cn-®n-cp∂ s]mbvap-Jß - ƒ
]n®n-®o¥n°f-bpw. \nß-fpsS Bflm-hns‚ imeo-\k - u-ay-X-
bn¬ Hcp-thf sNe-hg - n-°m-\mbn D≈w XpSn-®p-t]m-Ipw. C\n
IY ]d-bs - ´........
Hcn-°¬ Hcp knwl-°p™v P\nbv°m\n-S-h-∂Xv Hcp
Bń≥]-‰-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. X≈-knwlw Cc-]n-Sn-°m-\mbn Hcp
Ip∂n¬\n∂pw FSp-Øp-Nm-Sn-b-t∏mƒ \ne-Øp-hogpIbpw
Ahn-sS-°n-S∂p {]k-hn-°pI-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ip™ns\ {]k-
hn® DSs\ X≈-knwlw NØpt]mbn. B knwl-°p-™ns‚
IÆpIƒ Xpd-∂n-´p-t]mepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A{Xbpw sNdnb
Ip™m-bn-cp-∂p. Bń-S-b≥ B knwl-Ip-™ns\ Bń≥]-‰-
ß-fpsS IqsS Iqń. Bń≥°q-´Ø - nse X≈-bm-Sp-If- psS ape
IpSn®v B knwl-°p™v hf¿∂p hep-Xm-bn. BSp-Iƒ B
knw-lsØ Xß-sf-t∏mse Icp-Xn. BSp-Iƒ Ic-bp-∂-Xp-
t]mse knwlhpw Ic-bpw. BSp-Iƒ ]p√p Xn∂p-∂X - p-t]mse
B knwlhpw ]p√p-Xn∂pw. Ah¿ Hcp-an®p Ifn®p ckn-°pw.
knwl-Øns‚ BIm-cs - Ø-°p-dn®v BSp-Iƒt°m BSp-If - psS
BIm-ct- `-Zs- Ø-°p-dn®p knwl-Ønt\m Hcp kwi-bhpw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Aßs\ Ime-ßƒ Hcp-]mSp Ign-™p-t]m-bn.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 8
Hcn-°¬ hr≤-\mb Hcp knwlw Bń≥]-‰ß - f - psS ASp-
Øp-IqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im\nS-bm-bn. At∏mƒ Bń≥°q-´Ø - n-
¬ Hcp knwlw Ifn-®p-ck - n-°p-∂X- p-I≠v hr≤-\mb knwlw
A¤pXw Iqdn. AtXm-sSm∏w tcmjhpw tXm∂n. Bń≥°q-
´-Ønse knwlw BSn-s\-t∏mse Ic-bp-∂Xp I≠mWv B
hr≤knwlw A¤p-Xs - ∏-´Xv. am{X-a√ AXv ]p√v X- n-∂p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. hr≤-\mb knwlsØ I≠-t∏mƒ a‰v BSp-Iƒ
t]Sn-t®m-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. At∏mƒ Bń≥]-‰Ø - nse knwlhpw
`b-∂p-hn-dt®mSm≥ XpS-ßn. hr≤-\mb knwl-Øn\v At∏mƒ
e÷bpw tcmjhpw Hcp-an®p h∂p. Xs‚ Ipe-Øn\pXs∂
am\-lm\n hcp-Øn-h-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wt√m Chs‚ {]hrØn
F∂v B hr≤knwlw Hm¿Øp. hr≤-\mb knwlw Bń≥°q-
´-Øns‚ IqsS Hm-Sn-t∏m-Ip∂ knwl-sØ-∏n-Sn®v _e-ambn
Hcp XSm-I-°-c-bn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-bn. t]Sn®p hnd-]q≠
IÆp-It- fmsS, Xs∂ shdptX hnS-Ws - a∂p ]d™v B ]mhw
knwlw tIWp-. F∂m¬ hr≤-\mb knwlw, Xs‚ h¿§-
Øn\p h∂p-tN¿∂ A]-am-\-I-c-amb A[x-]-X-\sØ am‰n-
sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂ \n›-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn XSm-I-°-c-bnse kz—-
amb Pe-Øn-\-cn-In¬ BSpI-fp-ambn am\-kn-I-Xm-Zmflyw
]q≠ knwlsØ sIm≠p-t]mbn \ndpØn. F∂n´p K¿÷n-
®p-sIm≠p ]d™p: ""FSm hnUvVn! \o Fs‚ apJ-tØ-s°m
∂p t\m°q; F∂n´v B XSm-IØ - nse Pe-Øn¬ \ns‚ {]Xn-
—m-b H∂p ImWq.''
XSm-I-Ønse sXfn™ Pe-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en® apJw
I≠-t∏mƒ s]s´-∂m-bn-cp∂p ]q¿hn-Ia - mb Xs‚ kzXz-Øns‚
\n›bw Hcp shfn-]m-Sp-t]mse B knwl-Øn¬ P\n-®-Xv.
Bń≥]-‰Ø - n-eI- s
- ∏´ knwl-Øns‚ D≈n¬\n∂pw At∏mƒ
Hcp K¿÷\w AW-s]m-ń. B K¿÷\w ZnK-¥ß - sf t`Zn-
°p∂ apg-°ambn-cp-∂p. AXp ho≠pw ho≠pw K¿÷n-®p.
B knwlw Xs‚ kzcq-]sØ Xncn-®d - n-™p. AXns‚ ]q¿hn
Iamb kvac-WI - ƒ DW¿∂p-h∂ - p. hr≤-\mb knwlw CsX
√mw I≠p \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hr≤-\mb knwl-Øns‚
Btflm]tZiiXIw 9
Imcp-Wy-Øn\p sIm®p-knwlw \µn ]d-™p: ""Aßn-√m-bn-cp-
∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fs‚ apgp-h≥ Pohn-Xhpw B Bń≥]-‰Ø - n-s‚-
IqsS ]p√p-Xn∂p Xpe-®p-If
- t- b≠n-hc- pam-bn-cp-t∂-t\. Asß-
\n°p ]pXn-sbmcp PohnXw X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'' hr≤-\mb knwlw
sNdnb knwlsØ a‰p knwl-ßf - psS ASp-tØ°p sIm≠p-
t]m-bn.
\ΩpsS Pohn-Xhpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw \ΩpsS Bfl-
kz-XzsØ ad-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]e]e XmZm-fly-ß-
fm¬ Bń≥]-‰Ø - n-eI- s
- ∏´ knwl-°p-™n-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv
\mw hf-cp-∂X- v. IpSpw_ambn Pohn-®p-t]m-cp∂ \mw ]e-X-c-
Øn-ep≈ kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjv{So-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb _‘-
ß-fmepw _‘-\-ß-fmepw kzX-kn-≤-amb \ΩpsS kzcq]w
ad-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B kzcq-]-Øns‚ aln-am-Xn-ibw a\-
n-em-°msX sIm®p-sIm-®p- Xp-cp-Øp-I-fn¬ kzm¿∞-amb
PohnXw \bn-°p-∂h - c
- mWv Gsd-t]-cpw.
am\-h-cm-in-bpsS `qXImew tcmKm-Xp-c-ambncp∂p. A\m-
tcm-Ky-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. {`m¥-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ign™ c≠m-bn-cØn
A™qdv h¿j-ß-fn¬ Hcøm-bncw bp≤-ß-sf-¶nepw am\-h-
cmin sNbv X n- ´ p- ≠ v . CXv XnI®pw Ahn- i z- k - \ o- b - a mbn
tXm∂mw. am\-h-cmin ASn-apSn a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
aqV-am-bn-cp-∂p. k¶p-Nn-X-amb Bi-b-ßfpw a\p-jys\ ]e-
Xmbn ]nf¿°pI-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. kaqlw Ah-\n¬ Zpcn-
Xhpw \c-Ihpw krjvSn-°p-Ib - mWv sNbvXXv. AXn-\m¬ Ah-
s\m- c n- ° epw t_m[- h m- \ m- I m≥ Ign- b p- ∂ n√. Hcn- ° epw
]q¿W-\m-Iphm\pw Ign-bp-∂n√. kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚ aqSp-]-S-a-
Wn™v GsXmcp hi-sØ-bmtWm Ah≥ \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv
B hiw Ah-s\-Xnsc ]I t]m°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.\mw
ASn-®-a¿Ønb hiw AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm-\mbn D]m-b-ßfpw
hngn-Ifpw Xnc-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. AtXmsS \Ω-fmsI bp≤-
`q-an-bmbn amdpw. Aß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p Ncn-{X-Ønse apgp-h≥
am\-h-cminbpw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 10
CXp-hsc \ap°v bYm¿∞ a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°m-\m-bn-ń-
√. \c-ka- m-\\
- mb Hcp Pohn-sb-bmWv \mw krjvSn-®n-´p-≈X
- v.
AXv F√mwsIm≠pw hnI-e-amb Hcp Pohn-bm-Wv. Ahs\
Ahs‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ ]pjv]n-X-\m-Im≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-ń-√.
Ah≥ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ ]IpXn-am-{X-am-W.v ]IpXn F√m-btv ∏m-
gpw Jn∂\pw ]ncn-ap-dp-°a- p-≈h
- \
- p-am-Wv. Ah\v B\-µn-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Hcp ]q¿W-a\p-jy\p am{Xta B\µn°p-
hm≥ Ign-bpI-bp-≈q. ]q¿W-\m-Ip-∂-Xnse ]cn-a-f-Øn¬\n-
∂mWv BtLmjw kw`-hn-°p-∂X - v.
Iptd-°mew kmaq-ln-I] - c
- n-an-Xn-If
- n¬ XmZmflyw ]q≠p
Pohn-t°≠nh∂ Cubp-≈h - \v Bflm-hns‚ \nc-Xn-ib - Z- ¿∏-
W-Øn¬ Fs‚ X\n-ab - p≈ apJw ImWn-®p-X∂ alm-Im-cp-Wn-
I-\mWv Kpcp \nXy-ssN-X\ - y-bX - n. B Kpcp-hn-eq-sS-bmWv Rm≥
Fs‚ kzXz-Øns‚ C\n-ab - p-ff {]Xew BZy-ambn \pW-™-
Xv. Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ F√m-h¿°pw Ah-cpsS
kzXzsØ Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p-ff IÆm-Sn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww CXnse
Hmtcm hm°pw F∂v {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿hw A`n-ej - n-°p-Ib - m-W.v
Cu A©mw ]Xn-∏n¬ H´pan° t«mI-ßfpw Bi-bh - n-]p-eo-I-
cWw sNbvXn´p≠v. hmb-\b - psS kpK-aX \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Øm-sX-
bmWv AXv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - .v am{X-a√ ]pkvXI - Ø- ns‚ A¥y-
Øn¬ ]Z-kq-NnI Xøm-dm°n tN¿Øn-´p-ap≠v. ske-ISv ohv doUnw-
Kn\v CXp klm-bn-°pw. Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm-dm-°n-bX - n-\p-
tijw GI-tZiw AºXp aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Btflm-
]-tZ-ii
- X
- I
- Ø
- nse Hmtcm t«mIhpw kq£vaX - t- bmsS ]cn-
tim-[n-°p∂ Hcp {]`m-jWw Xe-tbm-e∏ - d
- º
- n¬ h®p \S-Øp-
I-bp-≠mbn. AXns‚ sdt°mUv sNbvX koUn Xøm-dm-bn-´p-
≠v. Btflm-]t- Z-ii - X
- I- sØ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ Adn-bp-hm≥
B{K-ln-°p-∂h¿°v Chn-sS-\n∂pw AXv e`n-°p-∂X - m-bn-cn-°pw.
CXns‚ cN-\b - n¬ BZy¥w klm-bn® \nXy-bv°pw {]q^v
doUv sNbvX i_-cn-b° v pw kvt\lm\p-{K-ßƒ t\cp-∂p.
Im™n-ca
- ‰w lrZ-b]q¿hw
BKÃv 2014 kzman ap‡m-\µ bXn
Btflm]tZiiXIw 11
Bfl-Z¿i-\-{]-th-inI
B tflm-]-tZ-iiXIw Hcp imkv{X-am-Wv. B imkv{Xw
B[p-\n-I-imkv{Xw t]msebp≈ Hcp imkv{X-a-√.
B\p-`q-Xn-I⁄ - m-\a
- p≈ Hcp Ejn-bpsS lrØm-cn¬ hnf™
AssZz-X-a-I-c-µamW-Xv. AXns\mcp ka-{KXbp-≠v. ka-{K-
Xsb∂p ]d-bm≥ ImcWw, AXns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcmØ
H∂pw-X-s∂-bn√. KW-\-bn¬s]-Sp-∂Xpw KW-\-bn¬\n∂p
Ihn-™Xpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ t]mcp∂ A\-¥-hn-im-e-XbmWv
Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-sØ ka-{K-am-°p-∂-Xv. ]qºm-‰-Iƒ ]d-
∂p-\-S-°p-∂-Xp-I≠v IuXp-I-aq-dp∂ Hcp sIm®p-Ip-™ns‚
t_m[Xehpw \n¿hm-W-Øns‚ [ym\-hn-lm-b- n¬ A\p-
`qXn \pW-™psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp tbmKn-bpsS t_m[Xe
hpw Cu imkv{X-Øn¬ Htc-t]mse CSw Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v.
{]Xy-£-tKm-N-c-amb Cu {]]-©hpw KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øns‚
Imev]\ - n-Ia- mb kq£vaX - e
- ß
- fpw B≤ym-fln-IX
- b
- psS A\p-
`q-Xn-km-{µn-abpw Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øns‚ hnNm-c-hym-]vXn-
bn¬ A¥¿`q-X-ßfm-Wv. hymk\pw \yq´-\pw sslk≥ _¿
Kpw IWm-Z-\pw {InkvXphpw \_n-bpw _p≤\pw F√mw
Btflm-]-tZ-i-km-K-c-Ønse tXtPm-X-cw-K-ß-fm-Wv.
am{X-a√, Btflm- ] - t Z- i - i - X - I - Ø n\p hy‡-amsbmcp
e£yhpw {]Xn-]m-Z\
- c
- o-Xn-bpap-≠v. CXn¬ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p∂
hnjbw \ap°p ]cn-Nb - a- n-√m-ØX - √ - . B hnjbw A≤ym-fl-
am-Wv. Rm≥Xs∂-bm-Wv. Rms\∂p ]d-™m¬ ico-csØ
am{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ Rm\-√. ico-chpw a\ pw
Bflmhpw H∂m-bn-cn-°p∂ Rm≥. tkm{I-ókpw D]-\n-j-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 12
Ønse Ejnbpw Du∂n-bq∂n∏d™ {]tabw: ""\o \ns∂-
Adn-bp-I. B Adnhv \ns∂ kzX-{¥-\m-°pw.'' Aßs\ Rm≥
Fs∂ {]ta-ba - m°n At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬
{]]-©sØ kw_-‘n®pw Cuiz-cs\ kw_-‘n®pw D≈
]T-\ß
- ƒ kzm`m-hn-Ia- mbn A¥¿`-hn-°p∂p.
GsXmcp Pn⁄m-kp-hn\pw At\z-j-W-hp-ambn apt∂m-´p-
t]m-Ip-tºmƒ aq∂p tNmZy-ßs
- f BXy-¥n-Ia
- mbn A`n-ap-Jo-
I-cn-t°≠n hcpw.
1 Cu temIw Fhn-sS-\n-∂p-≠mbn?
2 Rm≥ BcmWv?
3 F¥n\p Pohn-°Ww?
Cu aq∂p tNmZy-ßƒ°pw DØcw \¬Im≥ ]cym-]vX-am-
Ip-tºmtg Hcp imkv{X-Øn\v ka-{KX Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-
bp-I-bp-≈q. ChnsS Hmtcm tNmZy-Øn\pw a‰p tNmZy-ß-fpsS
DØ-c-ßsf Is≠-Øm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-hpap-≠v. Hmtcm
tNmZyhpw imkv{Xo-b-amb hnNm-c-]-≤-Xn-bn-eqsS hnI-kn-X-
am-bn-´p-≠v. H∂masØ tNmZy-Øn\v DØcw \evIp-∂Xv
kØm-im-kv{Xw (ontology). c≠matØXv ⁄m\-im-kv{Xw
(epistemology). aq∂ma-tØXv aqey-imkv{Xw (axiology). Cu
aq∂p imkv{X-ßf - nepw s]SmsX Hcp imkv{X-Øn\pw \ne-
bp-d∏
- n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬ Kpcp-hm-Is´, Cu aq∂p imkv{X-
tØbpw ""{_“-hnZy'' (The Science of the Absolute) F∂
kºq¿Æ k - a
- \
- z-bX - {- ¥Øns‚ ]cn-KW - b- n¬ sIm≠p-h∂ - n-
´mWv kIe Zm¿i-\n-Ik - a
- k
- y-It- fbpw ]cn-lc
- n-°p-∂X
- v.
Bflm-hns\ kw_-‘n-°p∂ Cu imkv{XsØ imkvt{Xm-
NnX-ambn ]d-™p-X-cp∂ imkv{X⁄≥ {io\mcm-b-W-
KpcphmWv. K
- pcp Bflm-arXw \pI¿∂ Ejn-hc - y-\m-Wv. ]c-a-
]p-cp-jm¿∞-amb ap‡nsb kqcy-Xpeyw Bfl-[m-c-bm°n
am‰nb alm-a\- o-jn-bp-am-Wv. kzbw a
- p-‡\
- mb Kpcp am\p-jy-
IsØ apgp-h\pw ap‡n-bn-te°p \bn-°m-\mWv Btflm-]t- Z-
i-iX- Iw cNn-®X- v. At∏mƒ ap‡n-bmWv Cu imkv{Xw ]Tn-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 13
°p-∂-Xns‚ {]tbm-P-\w. F¥n¬ \n∂p≈ ap‡n-bmWv?
A⁄m-\-Øn¬\n-∂p-≈ ap‡n. ]c- h - i - X - b n¬\n- ∂ p≈
ap‡n. t¢i-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ ap‡n. A⁄m-\w-sIm-≠mWv
\ap°v Pohn-Xw _‘-\w-t]mse tXm∂p-∂Xpw ZpxJwsIm≠v
N¶v XI¿∂pt]m-Ip-∂-Xpsa-√mw. _‘\w A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-
XpsIm-≠mWv Hcmƒ°v ap‡n thW-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂-Xv.
ap‡n-bv°p-th-≠n-bmWv Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw ]Tn-°p-∂Xv.
AXp-sIm≠v Btflm-]t- Z-ii- X- Iw Hcp tam£-im-kv{X-am-Wv.
_‘-\Ø - n¬\n-∂p≈ tam£amWXv. ZpxJ-Øn¬ \n∂p≈
tam£amW-Xv. {]m]-©n-IX- b- n¬\n∂p≈ tam£amWXv.
\mw Cu temI-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ C{µn-b-ß-fn-
eq-tSbpw a\- n-eq-tSbpw temIhnj-b-ßsf A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. C{µn-bß
- ƒs°m≠pw a\- p-sIm≠pw _‘-
s∏-Sp∂ hnj-b-ßƒ \sΩ _‘n°p-∂p. CjvS-cq-]-Ønepw
A\n-jvS-cq-]-Ønepw DZm-ko-\-cq-]-Ønepw \sΩ kzm[o-\n-
°p-∂p. temI-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏wXs∂ \mw Cu
temI-Øns‚ `mKhpamWv. F∂m¬ \ΩpsS apºn-ep≈ \ma-
cq-]m-fl-I-am-b temIsØ \mw Adn-bp-∂Xv \Ωn¬\n∂pw
A\y-am-b Hcp hkvXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw Cu temIsØ
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv, ⁄mXm-hmbpw I¿Øm-hmbpw t`m‡m-
hmbpw hn`-Pn-Xambm-Wv. \Ωn¬\n∂-pw A\y-am-b temIsØ
ho≠pwho≠pw `pPn-°p-hm≥ hy{KXs∏´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
H∂mWv Poh≥. Poh≥ Ft∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-Xb - v°p-th-≠n-bmWv
{ian-°p∂Xv. Poh≥ PK-Øn-s\-bmWv AXns‚ XrjvWsb
HSp-°p-hm-\mbn `pPn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ Poh≥
PK-Øns\ XrjvWm-\n-hr-Øn-°mbn `pPn°p-tºmƒ ho≠pw
ho≠pw _‘-\-Øn-te°p t]mhp-∂p. F∂m¬ t`mK-Xr-jvW-
bpsS adp-]p-d-amb sshcmKyw hy‡n-bn¬ P\n-°p-tºmƒ
Cu Poh≥Xs∂ PK-Øn¬\n∂p≈ ap‡n B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ B ap‡n°v tlXp-hm-bn-´mWv Cuiz-
c≥ hcp-∂-Xv. Cuiz-c≥ k¿h-X-{¥-kz-X-{¥-\m-Wv. ⁄m\-
kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. A\-¥-\m-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 14
Cuizc≥ PK-Øns‚bpw Poh-s‚bpw {kjvSm-hm-Wv.
kwl¿Ømhpw Cuiz- c ≥Xs∂. krjv S n- I ¿Ømhpw
kwl¿Ømhpamb Cuiz-c≥ krjvSn-{]-{Inb F∂ eoesb
(play) Poh\neqsS Ah-Xc- n-∏n-°p-Ib
- mWv sNøp-∂X
- v. {]]©w
F∂ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-eoesb Poh≥ F∂ {]mXn-`m-kn-I-X-
bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv BsI PK-Øns‚ s]mXp-
hm-b Bhn-jvIm-c-X-{¥w. ChnsS {]]-©-Øn\v BXy-¥n-I-
amb \ne-\n-ev]n-√. shfn®w hcp-tºmƒ Ccpfv t]mIp-∂-Xp-
t]mse {]]-©hpw ⁄m\m-K-a-\-tØmsS am™p-t]m-Ipw.
A{]-Xy-£-am-Ipw.
Poh≥ _‘-\-ÿ-\mbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ B Pohs\ ap‡n-
bn-te°v B\-bn-°p∂ Hcp {]Xn-]m-Z-\-X{¥-am-bn-cn-°Ww
imkv{X-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv. imkv{X-Øn\v Ah-ew-
_n-°m-hp∂ coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) Pohs\ Btflm-∑p-
J-am-°n-sb-Sp-°pI am{X-am-Wv; As√-¶n¬ Cuiz-tcm-∑p-J-
am°nØo¿°p-IbmWv. GsXm-cd - n-hp-sIm-≠mtWm \ap°v Cu
PKØv _‘\w F∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-®Xv B Adn-hmWv
hnth-I-_p-≤n. _‘-Im-c-W-amb PK-Øns\ \ncm-I-cn-t°-
≠Xv Pohs‚ tam£-kn-≤n°v Ah-iyw-th≠ Hcp {]{In-b-
bm-Wv. AXn-\p-th≠ hen-sbmcp Adn-hns\ Kpcp ]d-™p-X-
cn-IbmWv Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øn-eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv.
Btflm-]t- Z-ii - X
- I- Ø
- n¬ Kpcp \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ Nn´-bmb
Ah-X-cWw A\ym-Zr-i-sat∂ ]d-bm-s\m-°p-I-bp-≈q. {]Xn-
]m-Z-\-Ønepw `mj-bpsS kq£va-amb {]tbm-K-Ønepw Kpcp
Ah-ew-_n-®n-´p≈ \njv°¿j Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-IsØ
temI-an-ÃnIv kmln-Xn-bpsS A{Kn-a-ÿm-\Øv {]Xn-jvTn-°p-
∂p. H∂m-aX - mbn \mw At\z-jn-®v Is≠-tØ≠ Hcp D◊-bp-
≠v. AXns\ "Icp' F∂mWv hnfn°p-∂X - .v Icp {]]©-Øns‚
k
- Ø- b- m-W.v F∂p ]d-™m¬, Cu {]]-©Ø - n\v Imc-Wa - m-bn-
cn-°p-∂X - v Ft¥m AXmWv Icp. Icp {]]-©Imc-Wa - m-W.v ]c-
aamb I - m-cW- w. ]c-aI- m-cW
- a
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv k- Ø- b- m-W.v ]c-aI- m-
c-Wa- m-b kØ \Ωn¬ Is≠-Øp-tºmƒ AXns\ Bfl-kØ
Btflm]tZiiXIw 15
F∂p ]d-bpw. ]c-aI - m-cW
- a- m-b AXns\ {]m]-©n-IX
- b
- psS ASn-
ÿm-\a- m-bdn-bp-tºmƒ {_“-kØ F∂p ]d-bpw. At∏mƒ BZy-
ta-Xs∂ kØ-bm-b Hcp kXysØ FSpØp-Im-Wn-°p-∂p.
AXns\ Icp F∂p hnfn-®ncn-°p-∂p. Icp Imcy-ßƒs°√mw
ImcW-am-Wv. Imcy-ßƒ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb {]]-©w-X-s∂-
bm-Wv.
Icp-hns‚ kz`mhw Adn-hnepw Gdnb Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-
Wv. AXv AIØpw ]pdØpw Hcpt]mse kØm-k-am-\y-ambn
h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AXv Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hm-Wv. sF{µn-
b-{]m-[m-\y-ap≈ km[m-cW Adn-hn¬\n∂pw AXoX-am-b
Hcdn-hm-Wv. Adn-hnepw Gdnb Adn-hmWv Icp-hns\ Adn-bp-
tºmƒ \ap°p≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. At\z-j-W-Øn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-
s®-Sp-t°≠ Hcp-Xcw A¥¿⁄m-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv (intuition)
CXp km[n-Xa - m-Ip-∂X
- .v At∏mƒ Icp C{µn-bh
- n-jb
- a
- √
- . C{µn-
b-hn-jb- a
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂s- Xms° km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v
IÆp-sIm-≠p Im-Wp∂ Zrirw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv.
ImXpsIm≠v tIƒ°p∂ i_vZw km[m-cW Adn-hmWv. aq°p-
sIm≠v aW-°p∂ K‘w km[m-cW Adn-hm-W.v \m°p-sIm≠v
cpNn-°p∂ cpNn km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. Xz°p-sIm≠v kv]¿in-
®-dn-bp∂ kv]¿iw km[m-cW Adn-hm-Wv. C\n Cu C{µn-bm-
\p-`h- ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ Nn¥n-®d - n-bp-∂Xpw km[m-cW
Adn-hp-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. km[m-cW AdnhpIƒs°ms° tZi-Im-
e-]c- n-an-Xa- m-b am\w D≠m-bn-cn°pw. GsX¶nepw Hcp tZi-
Øp-h® - pam-{Xta C{µn-bØ- n\p Hc-dn-hns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-
bp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ AXn-s\mcp Ime-]-cn-¢n-
]vXnbpw D≠m-bn-cn-°W - w. AXp-sIm≠v C{µn-bß - fneqsS Adn-
bp∂ Adn-hp-Is - fms° ]cn-ta-bß
- f- mWv.
Icp-hm-Is´ A]-cn-ta-ba- m-Wv. Af-°m-\m-hm-ØX
- m-Wv. Af-
°m-\m-hm-ØX - p-sIm-≠pXs∂ AXv C{µn-bZ- zmcm Adn-bm-hp-
∂-Xp-a-√. A]-cn-ta-b-amb H∂ns\ Nn¥-Iƒ°pw Dƒs°m-
≈m-\m-hp-Ib
- n-√. AXp-sIm≠mWv AXns\ Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb
Btflm]tZiiXIw 16
Adn-sh∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. Cu Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-b Icp-
hns\ Fß-s\-bmWv \mw Adn-tb-≠X - v? Htc- k-ab- w-Xs∂
Cu Icp Adn-bp-∂h
- s‚ AI-Øpw AtX-t]mseXs∂ ]pd-
ØpamWv ÿnXn-sNøp-∂-Xv. kq£va-cq-]-Øn¬ AI-Øpw
ÿqe-cq-]Ø
- n¬ ]pd-Øpw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. kq£vac - q-]Ø
- n¬
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂X- mWv a\- v. ÿqe-cq-]Ø- n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂-XmWv ]©-`q-XmflI-am-b Cu {]]©w.
At∏mƒ Htc Icp-hn-\p-Xs∂ c≠p Xc-Øn¬ {]Xn-`m-
kn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. AXn-emWv Poh≥ F∂pw hymtam-
ln-X\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp Icp ÿqe-ambpw kq£va-ambpw
Pohs\ h´w Np‰n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ
\Ω-psS PohnXØn\v sX‰pIƒ ]‰m\n-S-h-cp-∂p. GI-amb
Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX, Icp-hns‚ ÿqe-kq-£va-ß-fmb Zznap-
J-ß-sf-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-∂-Xv. Icp-hn¬ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ ÿqehpw kq£va-hp-am-b, AIhpw ]pd-hp-am-b
c≠p hi-ßsf am{X-amWv Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v \ap°v
Adn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. AXp-sIm≠v Icp-hns\ Adn-b-
Ww F∂v Kpcp Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p. Icp-hns\ Htc-k-a-bw-
Xs∂ AIØpw ]pd-Øp-an-cn-°p∂ kØ-bm-bn-´-dn-b-Ww.
AXv Adn-hn-ep-ta-dnb Adn-hm-Wv. Icp Hcp hnj-b-a-√. Icp
hnj-bm-Xo-X-t_m[am-Wv. CXmWv Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-
Øns‚ {]ta-b-am-bn hcp-∂-Xv. -km[m-cW Adn-hn¬\n∂pw
AXo-X-am-b Hc-dn-hns\ a\p-jy≥ At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ XpS-
ßp-∂tXmsS B hy‡n kXym-t\z-jn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. B
hy‡n BflPn⁄m-kp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.
Aß-s\-sbmcp kXym-t\zjn IÆp-Iƒ A©pw D≈-S° - n
imkv{Xw hfsc ka-{K-ambn hnNmcw sNbvXd - n-tb-≠X
- p-≠v.
IÆp-Iƒ F∂p ]d-™m¬- C{µnbßƒ. Z- r-iy-ßƒ am{Xw
ImWp∂ IÆn-s\-b√ ChnsS hnh-£n-°p-∂X - v. A©n-{µn-b-
ß-tfbpw IqSn-bmWv IÆp-Iƒ F∂v Kpcp \ma-Ic - Ww sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂Xv. D≈-S°
- Wsa∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ ImcWw C{µn-b-ßƒ
Btflm]tZiiXIw 17
Ft∏mgpw ]pdw-tem-I-ØmWv ta™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
AXp-sIm≠v ]pdw-tem-I-Øp\n∂pw C{µn-b-a-\- p-Isf D≈-
S-°-Ww. shdptX _ew {]tbm-Kn®v \nb{¥n°pI F∂-√.
BZyw AXn-\p-th-≠nbmWv Icp-hns‚ ÿnXn-hn-ti-j-sØ-
°p-dn®v ]d-™p-X-∂-Xv. C{µn-b-ß-fn¬ hym]-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p∂ Pothm¿÷sØ Icp-hn-te°p Xncn-°-Ww. XmXv]-cy-
ßsf apgp-h≥ Bfl-K-X-{]n-b-am-°-Ww.
]m›m-Xy-X-Øz-Nn-¥-bn¬ tπt‰mbpw Acn-tÃm-ńepw
kam-¥-c-ambn Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ c≠p \Zn-I-sf-t∏m-se-
bm-Wv. Ch¿ XΩnep≈ _‘w Kpcp-hn-t‚Xpw injy-t‚-Xp-
am-Wv. F∂mepw Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Hcp ]nW°w Ch¿°n-S-bn-
ep-≠v. Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS Ch¿ Hgp-In-sbm-gpIn c≠p hmZ-ßsf
kºp-jvS-am-°n. tπt‰m-bpsS Nn¥-I-fmWv Bi-b-hm-Z-Øn-
te°v (idealism) hgn-am-dn-b-Xv. Acn-tÃm-ń-ens‚ XØz-Nn¥
ùXn-I-hm-ZsØ (materialism) Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-®p. Cu c≠p hmZ-
ßfpw ]c-kv]cw kwL-´-\-Øn¬hsc G¿s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Ct∏m
gpw G¿s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥b - nse AXn-Im-b∑ - m-sc∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-
hp∂ tUm. tPm¨kWpw _nj∏v s_¿°nenbpw Hcn-°¬
{]`m-Xk - h- m-cn-bn¬ I≠p-ap-ń. s_¿°nen-bm-Is´ ISpØ Bi-
b-hm-Zn-bm-W.v temIw Hcp Bi-ba - m-sW-∂mWv s_¿°n-en-bpsS
hmZw. tUm. tPm¨k¨ ùXn-Ih - m-Zn-bpw. ImW-s∏-Sp∂ temI-
Øn-\∏ - p-dØv Hcp kXyhpw C√ F∂ hmZ-amWv ùXn-Ih - m-Zw.
Ah¿ kwkm-cn®p h∂-t∏mƒ AsXmcp X¿°-ambn ]cn-Wa - n-
®p. X¿°w aqØ-t∏mƒ tUm. tPm¨k¨ hensbmcp Is√-
SpØv s_¿°n-en-bpsS Imen¬ t\m°n Htcdp sImSp-Øp. Imep
NX™v tNmc-sbm-en-°m≥ XpS-ßn. s_¿°nen hmhn´p \ne-
hn-fn-®p. At∏mgpw tIm]w AS-ßmsX tUm. tPm¨k¨
tNmZn®p: “Cu I√pw tNmcbpw Bi-ba - mtWm?” s_¿°nen
Ic-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]d™p: “I√pw tNmcbpw Bi-ba - m-
Wv.” “]ns∂ \nßƒ F¥n-\mWv Ic-bp-∂Xv?” tUm. tPm¨
k¨ tNmZn-®p. “AXpw Bi-ba - m-W.v ” s_¿°nen ]d-™p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 18
Cß-s\-bmWv idealism hpw materialismhpw Hcn-°epw
tNcmsX iWvT-Iq-Sn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B[p-\n-I-imkv{X
amb physics ùXn-Ih - m-ZØ
- ns‚ k¥--Xn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ C∂n-
hnsS I≠p-h-cp∂ metaphysics BIs´ Bi-b-hm-Z-Øn¬
\n∂pw P\n-®-Xm-Wv. Chbv°p c≠n\pw H∂n-®n-cn-°m≥ Ign-
bp∂ HcnSw \S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hmWv hfsc hy‡-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn
imkvt{Xm-Nn-X-ambn ]d-™p-X-∂n-´p-f-f-Xv. AXn\p klm-b-
I-amb Zm¿i-\n-I-]n≥_ew {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphns‚ Btflm-
]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw Z¿i--\-am-e-bn¬\n-∂p-amWv \S-cm-
P-Kp-cp-hn\p Inń-bX
- v. Kpcp-tZ-hs‚ Btflm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- I
- Ø
- n¬
Bib-hm-Zhpw ùXn-I-hm-Zhpw ]nW-°-ß-fn-√mØ Hcp `qan-
I-bn¬ kwK-an-°p-∂Xv Hmtcm t«mI-Øn-eq-tSbpw IS-∂p-
t]m-Ip-tºmƒ \ap°p ImWm-\m-Ipw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 19
1
Adn-hn-ep-ta-dn-b-dn-™n-Sp-∂-h≥ X˛
∂pcp-hn-ep-samØp ]pd-Øp-ap-÷z-en°pw
Icp-hn\p IÆp-I-f-©p-ap-≈-S-°n˛
sØcp-sXsc hoWp-h-W-ßn-tbm-Xn-tS-Ww.
Adn-™n-Sp-∂h
- ≥ X≥ ˛- Adn-bp-∂h - s‚
Dcp-hnepw ˛ AIØpw
HØp ]pdØpw ˛ XØp-eyambn ]pdØpw
Adn-hnepw Gdn ˛ I≠pw Nn¥n®pw a‰pw Adn-bm-hp∂
Adn-hp-Iƒ°-Xo-Xa- mbn
D÷z-en°pw Icp-hn\v ˛ {]Im-in-°p∂ Bfl-kØ - sb
Adn-bp-∂Xn\mbn
IÆp-Iƒ A©pw ˛ A©p ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - t- fbpw
D≈-S°n Bflm-`n-ap-J-am°n
sXcp-sXsc ˛ [mc-ap-dn-bmØ coXn-bn¬
hoWp-hW- ßn ˛ Kpcp-hn¬, Icp-hn¬ ka¿∏n-X\ - mbn
HmXn-tSWw ˛ kzm[ymbw sNø-Ww.
I cp Bfl-kØ - b- m-W.v Bfl-kØ F∂m¬ \ΩpsS \nXy-

amb D◊ Ft∂ A¿∞-ap-≈q. Bfl-kØ
s\-bmWv Adn-tb-≠X
- b
- .v Icp-hns\ Adn-bmsX Cu temI-Øn¬
- mb Icp-hn-
I≠pw tI´pw sXm´pw \pW™pw aWØpw Nn¥n®pw Adn-

bm-hp∂ F√mw hy¿∞-sat∂ ]d-bm-s\m-°q. Fs¥-∂m¬
Icp-hmWv F√m Adn-hp-Iƒ°pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- v, F√m
Adn-hp-Iƒ°pw {]Im-ia - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- v, F√m Adn-hp-Iƒ°pw
A¿∞-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v ImcWw GI-amWv. Imcy-ßƒ At\-
I-am-Wv. GsXm-∂n¬\n-∂mtWm temIw PmX-am-bXv B
H∂ns\bmWv ImcWw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv.
k¿hImc-Wa - m-b Icp-hns\ Adn-™m¬ F√mw Adn™ A\p-
`-ha
- m-bn. AsXmcp ]q¿Æm-\p-`-h-am-Wv. Ima-\-Iƒ Hgn™
Btflm]tZiiXIw 20
]q¿Æ-X. kzmfl-kwXr]vXn-bmWv ]q¿Æm-\p-`h - Ø
- ns‚ sXfn-
a. Icp Htckabw Adn-bp-∂h - s‚ AIØpw ]pdØpw ÿnXn-
sN-øp-∂p. AIØv A¥-°c - W- ambpw ]pdØv FÆ-a‰ hkvXp-
°-fmbpw {]Im-in-°p-∂p. thsdm-c¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬
kq£vaw AIØpw ÿqew ]qd-Øpw.
Aß-s\-bp≈ Icp-hns\ B\p-`q-Xn-Ia- mbn A\p-`h - n-®d- n-bm≥
BZy-ambn C{µn-bß - fnse A`n-c-a-\sØ Dƒh-en-°-Ww. A`n-
c-a-\sØ Icp-hns‚ Zni-bn-te°p Xncn-®p-hn-SW - w. hnj-bm-`n-ap-
Jambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ Adnhv At∏mƒ Bflm-`n-ap-Jam-bn-
Øo-cpw. CXmWv D≈-S° - pI F∂ {]{In-b. CXv Hcp {]mhiyw
sNbvXm¬ t]mcm. \nc-¥c - a
- mbn sNø-Ww. Kpcp-hmWv Adn-
hns‚ \ntI-X\ - w. Bfl-km-£m-XI v m-cØ
- n\mbn Kpcp-hn¬ {i≤-
bp-d∏- n® Hcp a\ v At\z-j-I-\n¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-W.v Kpcp-hns‚
]mZm-¥n-IØ - n¬ hoWp-hW - ßWsa¶n¬ Al¥ t]mI-Ww.
Ffn-a-bpsS hg°w hc-Ww. Bfl-km-bp-Py-Øn-\p≈ A`n-em-
jhpw thWw.
a\p-jys‚ Al-¥b - mWv ⁄m\-Øn\p XS- w \n¬°p-
∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Ffna thWw. sXcp-sXsc hoWphW-ß-
Ww. sXcp-sXsc F∂p≈ hm°v ss\-c¥-cy-tØm-Sp-IqSn F∂
A¿∞-Øn-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jy≥ Fhn-
sS-bmWv hotg-≠Xv? Adn-hns‚ apºn-em-Wv. ]c-aamb Adn-
hns‚ apºn¬ \a-kvIc - n-°W
- w. Adn-hns‚ aq¿Ø-cq-]-amWv
Kpcp. AXp-sIm≠v Kpcp-hns\ hW-ßW - w. hW-ßpI F∂m¬
Al¥ \n¿Ωm¿÷n-Xa - mb Ah-ÿb - n¬ h¿Øn-°pI. AXn-
\p-ti-jw-thWw Cu {KŸw a\-\Ø - n\pw hnNm-cØ
- n\pambn
F-Sp-°phm≥.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 21
2
Ic-W-hp-an-{µn-bhpw Itf-_cw sXm˛
´dn-bp-a-t\-I-P-K-Øp-tam¿°n-se√mw
]c-sh-fn-X-∂n-ep-b¿∂ `m\p-am≥ X≥
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWp Xnc-™p -tX-dn-tS-Ww.
Ic-Whpw ˛- A¥-°c- W - ß- fpw

C{µn-bhpw ˛ C{µn-bß - fpw
Itf-_cw ˛ ico-chpw
sXm´-dnbpw ˛ C{µn-b-ßƒ°p hnj-b-am-b
At\-I- P-KØpw ˛ \nc-h-[n- \ma-cq-]-ßfpw
Hm¿°n¬ ˛ a\-\h - n-t[-ba- m-°p-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬
F√mw ˛ F√mw
]c-sh-fn-X∂
- n¬ Db¿∂ ˛ ]c-aamb NnZmIm-iØ - n¬
DZn-®p-\n¬°p∂
`m\p-am≥X≥ ˛ Bfl-kq-cys‚
Xncp-hp-cp-hmWv ˛ ssNX-\y-cq-]a- mWv.
Xnc-™p -tX-dn-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw At\zjn®-dn-bWw.
{] ]©w ]©-`q-Xm-flI - a
- m-Wv. `qan, sh≈w, Xo, hmbp,
BImiw F∂n-h-bmWv ]©-`q-X-ßƒ. {]]©Øn\v
Ka-\-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv PK-sØ∂ t]cp-h-∂-Xv. {]]-
©-am-Is - ´, FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ \ma-cq-]ß - f- m-Wv. \ma-cq-]-
ßsf ⁄mt\{µn-bß - f
- n-eq-sS-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-∂X - v. IÆv,
aq°v, \m°v, Xz°v, sNhn F∂n-hb - mWv ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - ƒ.
IÆv ImWp-∂p. IÆn\v hnj-ba - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv cq]-am-Wv. cq]w
]©-`q-Xß - f - n-sem-∂mb A·n-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. aq°p-sIm≠v
aW-°p-∂p. aWw ]rYzn-bpsS KpW-am-Wv. \mhpsIm≠v ckw
Adn-bp-∂p. ckw Pe-Øns‚ KpW-am-Wv. Xz°v kv]¿i-t\-{µn-
b-am-Wv. kv]¿iw hmbp-hns‚ KpW-am-Wv. sNhn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv
tIƒ°p-∂X - v. tIƒhn BIm-iØ - ns‚ KpW-am-Wv. ]©-`q-X-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 22
ßfpw Cµn-bß - fpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ]c-kv]c - _
- ≤
- Xbn¬\n-
∂mWv {]]©m\p-`hw Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. {]I¿tjW
]©o-Ir-X-am-bXv, IqSn-t®¿∂-XmWv {]]-©w. ]©o-I-cWw
F∂m¬ A©p `qX-ßfpw tNtc-≠-]Sn tNcp-∂-Xm-Wv. C{µn-
b-ßƒ°v X\nsb Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. A¥-°c - W
- ß- -
fpsS klmbwIqSn Bh-iy-am-Wv. a\- v, NnØw, _p≤n, Al-
¶mcw F∂n-h-bm-Wv A¥-°-c-W-ßƒ. a\- ns‚ kz`mhw
kwibw D∂-bn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. F¥v? FhnsS? Ft∏m-ƒ? Bcv?
Fßs\? F¥n\v? F∂o tNmZy-ßs - f√mw a\- ns‚ krjvSn-
bm-Wv. tNmZy-Øns‚ DØcw ]q¿hm-\p-`h - Ø- n¬\n∂pw Is≠-
Ø-Ww. ]q¿hm-\p-`h- ß
- f - psS tiJ-ca- mWv NnØw. kvarXn-cq-
]-Ønepw hnkvarXncq]-Øn-ep-amWv NnØw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
Xv. NnØ-Øn¬ sXfn™ kvarXn icntbm sXt‰m F∂p
\n›-bn-°p-∂Xv _p≤n-bm-Wv. _p≤nsb AXp-sIm≠v \n›-
bm-flnIm F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Al-¶mcw A`n-am-\n-bm-Wv.
_p≤n \n›-bn® H∂ns\ X\nbv°p thWtam th≠tbm
F∂ {]nbm-{]nbcq]-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn-Ic - W
- a - mWv Al-¶m-cØ - n-
t‚-Xv.
Cßs\ Ic-tW-{µn-bI - t- f-_c
- m-Zn-If
- m¬ \mw A\p-`h- n-®p-t]m-
cp∂ Cu PK-Øns‚ clkyw Adn-bp-hm-\mbn ]pXn-sbmcp
hnNm-cc- o-Xnsb Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXv A¥¿ap-
J-amb a\-\a - m-W.v a\\w sNøp-tºmƒ kzcq]-amb Bfl-kq-
cy≥ Adn-hns‚ AXn-hn-iZ- m-Im-iØ - n¬ DZn-®p-b¿∂p-\n¬°p∂
A\p-`-h-km-£mXvImcw kw`-hn-°p-∂p. ChnsS ]c-shfn
kØns\ Ipdn-°p-∂Xpw `m\p-am≥ NnØn-s\-°p-dn-°p-∂-Xp-
amb {]Xo-I-i-_vZ-ß-fm-Wv. B Htc-sbmcp Bfl-kq-cys‚
_lp-hn-[a - mb kv^pc-Wß-fmWv FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ \ma-
cq-]m-flI - a
- mb Cu {]]©w. tXdpI F∂m¬ AXm-bn-Øo-
cpI F∂m-Wv. Bfl-kØ - bpw Rm\pw At`-Za - m-sW-∂d - n-bp-
∂ A\p-`h - ]
- q¿Æn-a.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 23
3
shfn-bn-en-cp∂p hnh¿Ø-anßp ImWpw
shfn-ap-Xe- mb hn`q-Xn-b©
- p-tam¿Øm¬
Pe-\n-[n-X∂- n-ep-b¿∂nSpw Xcw-Km˛
hen-bX- p-t]msebt`-Za- mbv htc-Ww.
shfn-bn-en-cp∂v ˛ ]pdØncn-°p-∂Xp-t]mse
hnh¿Øw Cßp ImWpw ˛ hnh¿Ø-cq-]-Øn¬
ChnsS ImWs∏Sp∂
shfn-ap-X-emb ˛ BImiw apXemb
hn`q-Xn-b©pw ˛ A©p `qX-ßtfbpw
Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ a\-\h- n-t[-ba- m-°n-bm¬
Pe-\n-[n-X-∂n¬ ˛ IS-en¬
Db¿∂n-Spw ˛ Bhn¿`-hn°p∂
Xcw-Km-hen ˛ Xnc-I-fpsS \nc
AXp-t]mse ˛ F∂-Xp-t]mse
At`-Za- mbv htcWw ˛ At`-Z-ambn A\p`hamI-Ww.
B Imiw, hmbp, A·n, Pew, ]rYn-hn F∂n-hb

`q-X-ßƒ. ]©-`q-X-ßƒsIm-≠mWv {]]-©-Øn-se
- mWv ]©-
I√pw ]p√pw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-√mw- \n¿Ωn-

X-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. F∂p ]d-™m¬, ChnsS hnti-jc - q-]Ø
- n¬
h¿Øn-°p∂ As√-¶n¬ hnhn-[c - q-]Ø- n¬ ImW-s∏Sp∂ F√m-
‰n\pw BZn-aa - mb Hcp GI-kØbp≠v; Hcp aqe-Im-cWap≠v.
{]Xy-£-Øn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ Cu aqe-Im-cW - sØ \ap°p
ImWm≥ Ign- b p- I - b n- √ . IS- e n¬ Xnc- I ƒ apd- a p- d - b mbn
Db¿s∂m-Spßp∂Xv ImWp-tºmƒ IS-en¬\n∂pw Xnc-Iƒ
thsd-bm-sW-∂p-≈ {]Xo-Xn-bmWv \Ω-fn¬ Dfhm-Ip-∂-Xv.
F√m Xnc-am-eI - ƒ°pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv IS-em-Wv. IS-
en-s‚ kØbnemWv Xnc-am-eI - f - psS At`-ZX Adn-tb-≠X - v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 24
AXp-t]mse shfn-bn-en-cn-°p∂ F√m hnj-bß - ƒ°pw Imc-
W-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]c-sh-fn-bp-≠v. B ]c-sh-fn-bn¬ As√-
¶n¬ NnZm-Im-iØ- n¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw t`Z-a‰ - d
- n-bW- w. Aßs\
Adn-bp-tºmƒ ⁄m\w B\p-`q-Xn-Ia - mbn amdpw.
hnh¿Øw F∂ ]Zw kmt¶-Xn-Im¿∞Ønep≈Xm-Wv.
Ib-dn¬ ]mºns‚ tXm∂¬ hnh¿Ø-am-Wv. ChnsS ]mºv
Hcp bmYm¿∞y-a-√. {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wv. hnh¿Øw {]Xo-Xn-bm-b-
Xp-sIm≠v {]mXn-`m-kn-I-am-Wv. Kpcp-Xs∂ ""c÷p-kz-cq-]-a-dn-
bm-Xn-cp-fm¬ hnh¿Ø-k¿∏w \n\-°n-enXp c÷p-hn¬\n-∂p-
thtdm?'' F∂p AssZz-XZo-]n-I-bn¬ tNmZn-°p-∂p-≠v. {]]-
©m-\p-`hhpw hnh¿Ø-cq-]a - m-Wv. AXv Bflm-hn¬\n∂v A\y-
a-√. Bflmhv kXyhpw {]]©w {]Xo-Xn-bp-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ Kpcp ]d- b p∂ D]- a - b psS ]›m- Ø - e - Ø n¬
hnh¿Ø-Øn\v hmK¿∞-sa-Sp-°p-∂-XmWv DØ-aw. hnh¿Øw
F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w hnti-tjW h¿Øn-bv°p-∂-Xv, \ne-
\n-ev°p-∂-Xv F∂m-Wv. Xnc-Iƒ IS-en¬\n∂v thsd-b-s√-
¶nepw \ap°v Xnc F∂Xv hyXn-cn-‡-amb Hcp hkvXp-hns‚
A\p-`h- a
- mWv kΩm-\n-°p-∂X - v. Xnc-bpsS kØbpw IS-ens‚
kØbpw Pe-am-Wv. Pe-Øns‚ ho£WtIm-Wn-eqsS t\m°p-
tºmƒ ISepw Xncbpw c≠-√. F∂m¬ IS¬ Pe-Øns‚
kmam-\y-k-Øbpw Xnc hntijkØ-bp-am-Wv. \nc-h[n
hnti-j-ßƒ tN¿∂p-sIm-≠mWv temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-°p-∂-
Xv. ⁄m\wsIm≠p am{Xta \m\m-Xz-{àw Df-hm-°p∂ hnti-
j-ßsf \ncm-Ic - n-°m-\m-hq. {]]©w Bflm-hn¬\n∂p A\y-
a-s√-∂-dn-b-Ww. AXmWv Bfl-km-£m-Xv°m-cw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 25
4
Adn-hp-a-dn-™n-Sp-a¿∞hpw ]pam≥X˛
∂dn-hp-sam-cm-Zn-a-l- p-am-{X-am-Ipw
hnc-f-X-hn´p hnf-ßp-a-Ω-l-Øm˛
adn-hn-e-a¿∂Xp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww.
Adnhpw ˛ Adn-bpI F∂ {]{In-bbpw

Adn-™nSpw A¿∞hpw ˛ Adn-bs∏Sp∂ hnj-bhpw
]pam≥X≥ Adnhpw ˛ ‘Adn-bp-∂-h≥’ F∂ t_m-[hpw
Hcp BZn-a-l v ˛ Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-amb tPymXn v
am{X-amIpw ˛ am{X-am-Wv.
hnc-fX hn´p ˛ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn-√msX
hnf-ßpw ˛ Pzen-®p-\n¬°p∂
AΩ-lØmw ˛ B al-Ømb
Adn-hn¬ Aa¿∂v ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬ hne-bn®v
AXp-am-{X-am-bn-tS-Ww ˛ AsXm∂p-am-{X-am-bn-Øo-cW
- w.
C {µn-bß- f- n-eqsS I≠pw tI´pw aWØpw cpNn®pw sXm´pw

Hs° Adn-bmw. Ch {]Xy-£-⁄m-\-ß-fm-Wv. AtX-
t]mse A¥°-cW - Ø
- n-eqsS Nn¥n®pw A\p-am-\n®pw Adn-
bmw. Ah ]tcm-£-⁄m-\-ß-fm-Wv. {]Xy-£-]-tcm-£-⁄m-
\-ß-sf√mw {]am-W-ß-fm-Wv. F√m Adn-hnepw Adn-bm-\mbn
Hcp hnj-b-ap-≠v. hnj-b-sØ- {]tabw F∂mWv ]d-bp-I.
hnj-bsØbm-Wv ChnsS Adn-™n-Sp-a¿∞w F∂p ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. ImWp-I, tIƒ°pI, Nn¥n-°pI F∂n-hs - b√mw Adn-sh∂
{]{In-bb - psS hnhn-[ßfmb kwth-Z\-ßfm-Wv. GXp hnj-
bsØ Adn- b p- t ºmgpw ‘Rm≥ Adn- b p- ∂ - h ≥’ F∂
⁄mXrXzw \Ω-n-sems° ImWp-∂p-≠v. Cu ⁄mXrXzw
A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv {]am-Xm-hn-em-Wv. Cßs\, Adn-bp-
∂-h≥˛Adn-b¬˛Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hnjbw Ch aq∂nt\bpw
tN¿ØmWv thZm-¥n-Iƒ ‘{Xn]pSn’ F∂p hnfn°p∂-Xv. {]am-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 26
Xm-hv, {]am-Ww, {]tabw Ch aq∂pw Hcp ]qhnse aq∂v CX-
fp-Iƒ t]mse-bm-Wv. aq∂n-X-fp-Iƒ Hcp ]qhn¬ kaRvP-k-
ambn hn\y-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv Hcp hnj-b-⁄m-
\-Øn¬ {]am-Xmhpw {]am-Whpw {]ta-bhpw H∂n-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. {]am-Xm-hn\v {]ta-b-an-√msX Adn-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-√. {]ta-
bsØ Adn-b-W-sa-¶n¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcp {]am-WsØ B{i-
bnt® ]‰q. ChnsS {]am-Xmhv hy‡n-K-X-amb Al-¶m-c-am-
Wv. {]tabw ]©-`q-Xm-fl-I-amb {]Xy£temIhpw A¥-I-
c-W-hr-Øn-I-fn-en-cn-°p∂ ]tcm-£-tem-I-hp-am-Wv. A⁄m-
\nbmb Poh\v ico-cX - m-Zmflyw D≠m-Ip-tºmgmWv Cß-s\-
{Xn]p-So-t`-Zt- Øm-sS-bp-≈ Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂X
- v.
F∂m¬ ⁄mt\mZ-bØn¬ Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-⁄m-\-
Øns‚ aq∂p ]ncn-hp-Iƒ am{X-amWv {Xn]p-So-t`-Z-ß-sf∂v
\ap°p t_m[y-am-Ipw. t_m[n-hr-£® - p-h´- n¬h®v {io_p-≤s‚
AIta hnf-ßn-bXv Cu t_m[y-am-Wv. acp-Xzm-a-e-bn¬ ]n≈-
ØSw Kpl-bn¬h®v {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ AI-a-e-cnepw
Cu t_mt[m-Zb - a
- mWv kw`-hn-®X- v. BZn-at- PymXn- ns‚ AXn-
cp-If
- n-√mØ \nd-™p-Ih - n-b¬. Cu BZn-al - - m-Is´ k¿h{X
\nd-™p-hn-e-kp∂ Bfl-kØ Xs∂-bm-Wv. k¿hhym-]-I-
XbmWv Bfl-kØ - b- psS kz`m-hw. AsX-t∏mgpw {]Im-in®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. al-Øm-b Cu BZn-a⁄ - m-\Ø- n¬ Aen™v,
AXp-am-{X-ambnØocp-∂X - mWv ]c-aa - mb B\-µw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 27
5
De-I-cp-d-ßn-bp-W¿∂p Nn¥ sNøpw
]e-Xp-an-sXm-s°-bp-ap-‰p- ]m¿Øp\n¬°pw
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnf-°p-Zn-°bpw ]n≥˛
s]men-I-bp-an-√nXp I≠p t]mbn-tS-Ww.
De-I¿ ˛ km[m-cW P\-ßƒ

Dd-ßn- ˛ DdßpIbpw
DW¿∂v ˛ DW-cp-Ibpw
Nn¥-sNøpw ]eXpw ˛ ]e-]e Nn¥-I-fpw sNøp∂p.
CsXm-s°bpw ˛ Cu at\m-hym-]mc-ßsf
D‰p-]m¿Øp-\n¬°pw ˛ D‰p-t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
hne-a-Xn-bmX hnf°v ˛ Aaq-ey-amb Bfl-Zo-]am-Is´
DZn-°bpw ˛ DZn-°p-Ibpw
]n≥s]m-en-Ibpw C√ ˛ ]ns∂ AWbp-Ibpw sNøp-∂n-√.
CXpI≠p t]mbn-tSWw ˛ Cu Bfl-Zo-]w I≠pPohn°Ww.
km
]e-]e
[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw t\m°q. Dd°w, DW¿hv
F∂o c≠p {[ph-ßƒ°n-Sb
- - hym-]m-cß
- f
- nemWv AhcpsS PohnXw
- n-eqsS Dub-emSn Ifn-°p-∂Xv. F{X-sb{X
Nn¥-I-fmWv Ah-¿°pf-f-Xv? F{X-sb{X kz]v\-ßfmWv
Ah¿°p-≈Xv? cmhnse IÆp Xpd-∂m¬ hnNm-c-ß-fpsS
then-tb‰w Ah-cpsS a\- n-te°v IS-∂p-h-cpw. IpSpw-_-{]-
iv\-ßfpw sXmgn¬cw-KsØ {]iv\-ßfpw Ipń-I-fpsS hnZym-
`ym-k-{]-iv\-ßfpw hr≤-cmb A—-\-Ω-am-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ BIp-
e-X-Ifpw IS-_m-[y-X-Isf Hm¿Øp≈ D¬°-WvT-Ifpw Ch-
bn¬\n-s∂√mw Hcn-°¬ tamN-\-ap-≠m-Ipsa∂ {]Xym-ibpw
F√mw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS a\- n-eqsS amdn-amdn IS-∂p-s]m-
bvsIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. a\ v Aß-s\-bm-Wv. AXn\p shdp-
sX-bn-cn-°m≥ Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. Nn¥-It- fmSv XmZm-fly-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
Btflm]tZiiXIw 28
Pohs‚ Hcp {]am-Z-am-Wv. B {]am-ZsØ Xncp-Øp-hm\mWv
Kpcp D]-tZ-i-cq-]-Øn¬ ChnsS samgn-bp-∂-Xv. \o Nn¥tbm
at\m-hym-]m-c-ßtfm H∂p-a-√. \o tIhew km£n-ssN-X-
\y-am-Wv. km£n-ssN-X\yw Hcp hnf-°p-t]m-se-bm-Wv. B
hnf-°n-s\mcp IÆp-≠v. AXp shdptX ImWp-Itbbp≈q.
Nn¥-I-fp-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏´p hne-]n-°p-I-bn-√. BÀm-ZØ - n-
eq-tSbpw bmX-\-bn-eq-tSbpw IS∂pt]mIp-∂ Poh\v Znim-
t_m[w D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p∂ hen-sbm-cd - n-hmWv Kpcp \ap°v
Xcp-∂-Xv. DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-ßn-√msX {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
Hcp IÆv F√m-hc - p-sSbpw D≈ns‚ D≈n-ep-≠v. \S-cm-PK - p-cp-
hn\v Cu IÆv dialectical eye Bbn-cp-∂p. inh-`‡ - ∑- m¿°v
CXv inhs‚ aq∂mw-IÆ - m-Wv. Zm¿i-\n-I∑ - m¿°v CXv Dƒ°-
Æm-W.v ]t£, Aß-s\-sbmcp IÆv F√m-‰n-t\bpw I≠p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂X - mbn Bcpw Adn-bm-dn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Kpcp
CXp-I-≠p-t]m-bn-tSWw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
Aaq-ey-amb Hcp hnf-°n-t\m-SmWv Cu IÆns\ Kpcp D]-
an-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. B hnf°v A\m-Zn-bmb Zo]-am-Wv. A\-¥-
ambn IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂XmWv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp ImeØv
Hcmƒ IØn-®p-h® - - hnf-°-√n-Xv. IØn-®X - m-sW-¶n¬ C‘\w
Xo¿∂m¬ AXp sI´p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂p-d∏ - m-W.v F∂m¬ AXv sI´p-
t]m-hp-Ib - n-√. sISm-hn-f-°m-Wn-Xv. a\p-jys‚ \nc¿∞-Ia - mb
Pohn-XsØ km¿∞-Ia - m°n Xo¿°m\mWv Kpcp Cu D]-tZiw
Acp-fp-∂-Xv. F¥mWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿∞w F∂ tNmZyw
\nß-fn¬ C\n DW-cp-tºmƒ B tNmZy-Øns‚ DØcw CXm-
Wv: “Cu hne-a-XnbmX hnf-°ns\ I≠p-t]m-bn-tS-Ww.” shdp-
sX-bßv ImWm-s\m-°p-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v AXn-te°v
{i≤n®p t\m°p-I-Xs∂ thWw. t\m°-W-sa-¶n¬ t_m[-
]q¿h-amb {iaw At\z-j-Is‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂pw D≠m-I-Ww.
CXn-s‚- A¿∞w \o \ns∂-Øs∂ Adn™v Pohn-°Ww
F∂m-Wv. \o Xs∂-bmWv Cu temI-Øn-s‚ hnf-°m-bn-cn-
°p-∂X - v F∂-dn-bW - w. Cu Adnhv ⁄m\m-ar-Xa - m-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 29
6
DW-c-W-an-∂n-bp-d-ßWw `pPn-®o˛
SW-a-i\w ]pW-tc-W-sa-∂n-h-Æw
AW-bp-a-t\-I-hn-Iev]-am-I-bmem˛
cpW-cp-h-Xp-s≈mcp \n¿hn-Im-c-cq-]w?
DW-cWw ˛ DW-cWw
C\n Dd-ßWw ˛ ]ns∂ Dd-ß-Ww
`pPn-®o-S-Ww A-i\w ˛ `£Ww Ign-°-Ww
]pW-tcWw ˛ C-Wt- N-cWw
F∂n-hÆw ˛ CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈
At\Ihn-Iev]w ˛ ]e-X-c-Øn¬ a\- ns\ N©-en-∏n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ XmXv]-cy-ßƒ
AWbpw ˛ \sΩ hen-®n-gbv°pw.
BI-bm¬ ˛ C°m-cW - Ø
- m¬
Hcp \n¿hn-Im-c-cq]w ˛ am‰-an-√mØ Bflk-XysØ
Bcv DW-cp-h-Xp-≈Xv? ˛ Bcpw ]q¿Æ-ambn DW¿∂-dn-bp-
∂n-√-t√m?
km [m-cW a\p-jys‚ XmXv]-cy-ßƒ £W-{]-`m-N-©-e-

ß-fm-Wv. Aev]-t\cw am{Xw \ne-\n∂v sI´p-t]m-Ip-
∂-h-bm-Wv. Dd-°-Øn¬\n∂pw DW¿s∂Wo-°p∂ Ah≥
CjvS-ap-≈ t`mPy-ßƒ Is≠Øn hmcnhen®p Xn∂p-∂p.
A\-¥-amb t`mPy-ß-fp≈ Hcp Xo≥ta-i-bpsS ap∂n-emWv
\Ωƒ Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. {]]©w Hcp Xo≥tai-bm-Wv. Xo\nepw
IpSn-bn-ep-ap≈ Aan-Xt- `m-K{- ]n-bX
- s
- Im≠v Pohn-XØ
- ns‚ Dt±-
iy-e-£y-ßƒ \mw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \mhns‚ cpNn am{X-a√
\ap°v Bk-‡nsb P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. k¿h C{µn-b-ßƒ°pw
AX-Xns‚ hnj-b-ßsf `pPn-°m\p≈ sImXn-bp-≠v. A∂w
Ign®v hbdp \nd-bp-tºmƒ Ah\v CWsb hmcn-∏p-W-cW-
sa∂p tXm∂pw. A∂w Aan-X-ambn Ign-°p-tºmƒ AXv cP-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 30
ns\ Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. ctPm-KpWw en_n-tUm-bm-Wv,
ctXym¿÷-am-Wv. D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw h¿≤n-® kmaq-ln-I-
X-bn¬ _em-’w-Khpw kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw cXn-ssh-Ir-X-ßfpw
s]cp-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. cXn Du¿÷-£-bsØ hcp-
Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. cXn-{Io-U-Iƒ Ign-bp-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ £oWn-
°p-∂p. £oWn-X-\mb a\pjy≥ Dd-°sØ Ah-ew-_n-°p-
∂p. DW¿hv, A∂w, cXn, Dd°w Cßs\ amdnamdnhcp∂
XmXv]-cy-ß-sf-bmWv hnIev]ßƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcp
Znh-k-sØ Pohn-X-Øn¬Xs∂ \ΩpsS a\ v Ht´sd {`m¥-
amb B{Klßƒ°p ]n∂mse ]m™p-t]m-Ip-∂Xp ImWm-
dp-≠v. F¥n-\m-Wv a\ v hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn-te°v ]m™p-
sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂Xv?
Bcpw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m-dn-√. Cu Xnc-°n-\n-Sb - n¬
Pohn-XØ- ns‚ bYm¿∞ e£yw \mw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \n¿hn-
Im-ca
- mb kzmfl-kØ - sb \mw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. temI-hn-j-
b-ß-fn-te°v DW¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Bfl-kz-cq-]-Øn-
te°v DW-cp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. temI-hn-jb - ß
- f
- n-¬ Dd-ßp-
Ibpw Bfl-kØ - b
- n¬ DW-cp-Ibpw thWw. Kpcp-hns‚ Cu
D]-tZiw tIƒ°p-tºm-sg-¶nepw \ΩpsS D≈n¬ B DW¿hv
D≠m-IW - w. BcpwXs∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Cu Bfl-kØ - sb
Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ Hcp- ]-cn-tZ-h\- k
- zcw Cu t«mI-
Øn¬ [z\n-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns\ Adn-bp-
hm≥th≠n Pohn-XsØ \mw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. AXmWv
Kpcp \ap°p Xcp∂ D]-tZ-iw...-..B-tflm-]t- Z-iw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 31
7
DW-cc- p-Xn∂nbpd-ßn-Sm-Xn-cp-∂o˛
SW-ad- n-hm-bn-Xn-\n-∂t- bm-Ky-s\-∂m¬
{]W-ha- p-W¿∂p ]nd-s∏m-gn™p hmgpw
ap\n-P\- t- k-hb- n¬ aq¿Øn \n¿Øn-tS-Ww.
DW-c-cpXv C\n ˛ hnj-b-ß-fn-te°v C\n DW-c-cp-Xv.

Dd-ßn-SmsX Ccp-∂o-SWw ˛ Bfl-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂pw hyXn-N-
en-®p-t]m-ImsX Ccn-°-Ww.
Adn-hmbv ˛ Rm≥ Adn-hm-sW∂v Adn-b-Ww.
CXn\v C∂v ˛ Bfl-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v
Atbm-Ky≥ F∂m¬ ˛ tbmKy\s√∂p hcn-I-bmsW¶n¬
{]Whw DW¿∂v ˛ Bfl-t_m[w D≈n-ep-W¿∂v
]nd-s∏m-gn™v hmgpw ˛ P\-\-a-c-W-ß-fpsS Nm{In-I-X
bn¬\n∂pw ap‡-\mbncn-°p∂
ap\n-P-\-tk-h-bn¬ ˛ Hcp Kpcp-hns\ tkhn-°p-∂-Xnepw
{]km-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw
aq¿Øn \n¿Øn-tSWw ˛ apgp-h≥ {i≤-tbbpw GtIm-]n-
∏n®p \ndpØ-Ww.
A SpØ hoń¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ]e-lm-cß - ƒ Nps´-Sp-

°p∂ aWw aq-°n-eS- n-®m¬ Adn-bmsX a\ p ]dbpw:
Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv tZmi-bpsS aWw hcp-∂Xv? Hcp tZmi
F\n°pw Inń-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ \√ kzmtZmsS Ign-°m-am-bn-cp-
∂p. At∏mƒ hmbn¬ Dan-\o¿ Dudn-°qSpw. tZmi-hn-Nmcw
\ΩpsS a\- ns‚ kz—-K-Xnbv°v hnLv\w hcp-Øn. F{X
s]s´-∂mWv \Ωƒ {]tem-`\ - ß- ƒ°v hiw-hZ- c
- m-Ip-∂Xv. Nq≠-
ens‚ sImfp-Øn¬ aÆn-csb sImcp-Øn´v ao≥]n-SnØ-°m-
c≥ a’ysØ {]tem-`n-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv {]IrXn
\ΩpsS ap∂n-te°v hnj-bß - sf Fdn-™n´p Xcp-∂Xv. hnj-
b-ßs- f-b√ \mw BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn Adn-tb≠-Xv; \sΩØs∂-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 32
bm-Wv. AXn-\mWv Kpcp Du∂n-∏d- b- p-∂X
- v: DW-cc
- p-Xn-\n F∂v.
CXn-\¿∞w Gsd-t\cw InS-∂p-dß - Ww F∂-√. temI-hn-j-
b-ß-fn-te°v a\ v Bk-‡-am-I-cp-sX-∂m-Wv. AtX-t]m-se-
Xs∂ thsdmcp sX‰v kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv, Bfl-ÿn-X\ - mb \mw
Bflm- h nemWv Xs‚ ÿnXn F∂ Imcyw ad- ∂ p- t ]m-
Ip∂XmWv. Xm≥ Bflm-hm-sW∂ Imcyw ad-∂m¬ AsXmcp
Dd-°a- m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Dd-ßmsX Adn-hmbn, Bflm-hmbn
Ccn-°-Ww. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
Adnhpw Bflmhpw H∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. F√m-h¿°pw Cßs\
Bfl-\njvT Inń-sb∂p hcn-√. ho≠pw ho≠pw Hmtcmtcm
temI-Im-cy-Øn-te°v a\ p hgp-Xn-t∏m-Ipw.
CXv hy‡n-K-X-amb Hcp Atbm-Ky-X-bm-Wv. Cu Atbm-
Ky-Xsb Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. F∂mte t]mwh-gn-bp-≈q. kzbta
kzÿ-\m-Im≥ ]‰p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Hcp Kpcp-hns\ kao-]n-°-Ww.
B Kpcp-hm-Is´ A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ \mZm-\p-`qXn D≠psIm≠ncn-
°p-∂- alm-flmhm-Wv. Kpcp-hns‚ c≠p e£W-ßƒ ChnsS
FSpØp ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. {]W-h-ap-W¿∂-h≥ F∂pw ]nd-s∏m-
gn-™-h≥ F∂pw. ]nd-s∏m-gn-bp-∂Xv ⁄m\w-sIm≠v P\n-
arXn-bm-Ip∂ kwkm-c-N-{I-Øn¬\n∂v ]pdØp IS-°p-tºm-
gm-Wv. {]Whw Pohn-XsØ A\-¥-ambn \ho-I-cn-°p∂
XØz-am-Wv. apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jØv ]d-bp-∂Xv ""XXv hn⁄m-
\m¿∞w k Kpcp-tah A`n-K-t—Xv t{im{Xnbw {_“-\njvTw.''
t{im{Xn-b\pw {_“-\n-jvT-\p-amb Hcp Kpcp-hn-s\-Xs∂ kao-
]n-°-Ww. t{im{Xn-b\pw {_“-\n-jvT\pw HcmƒX-s∂. {ipXn
{]W-h-am-Wv. {]W-h-ap-W¿∂ Kpcp-hn-s\-Ø-s∂ Is≠-Ø-
Ww. B Kpcp-hns\ tkhn®v apgp-h≥ {i≤bpw hnizm-khpw
Kpcp-hn¬ A¿∏n®v Pohn-°-Ww. Iptd-\mƒ Ign-bp-tºmƒ
hy‡n-bnse Zp¿hm-k-\-I-sf√mw £bn-°pw. kZv-hmk-\-Iƒ
]pjvSn{]m]n-°pw. shfn-®-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ Ccp-ń\v
ÿm\-an-√t√m. At∏mƒ Bfl-⁄m-\-Øn-\p≈ A¿lX
ssIh-cpw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 33
8
Hfn- ap-Xemw ]g-a-©p-ap≠p \mdpw
\fn-I-bn-tedn \tb\ amdn-bmSpw
Infn-I-sf-b-©p-a-cn™p Iogva-dn°pw
shfn-hp-cp-th-¥n-bIw hnf-ßn-tS-Ww.
Hfn apXemw ˛ IÆns‚ hnj-ba- mb cq]w XpS-ßnb

]gw A©pw ˛ hnj-b-ß-fm-Ip∂ A©p ]g-ßfpw
D≠v ˛ `pPn®v As√-¶n¬ A\p-`-hn®v
\mdpw \fn-I-bn¬ Gdn ˛ \mdp∂ ico-c-Øn¬ hkn®v
\tb\ amdn-bmSpw ˛ CjvSm-\p-kmcw hnj-bßfn¬
amdnamdn can-°p∂
Infn-Isf A©pw ˛ ⁄mt\{µn-b-ß-fmIp∂ A©p
Infn-It- fbpw
Acn™p Iogva-dn°pw ˛ A∏msS hcp-Xn-bn¬ hcp-Øp∂
shfn-hpcp G¥n ˛ hnthIkz-cq]sØ {]m]n®v
AIw ˛ A¥-cm-flmhn¬
hnf-ßn-tSWw ˛ DW¿∂p h¿Øn-°-Ww.
C sXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh≥ t`mKy-hn-izsØ A\p-`-hn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv A©v C-{µn-b-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hfn
F∂m¬ shfn-®a - m-Wv. shfn-®a - p-≈X- p-sIm-≠mWv \mw cq]hpw
\ndhpw ImWp-∂-Xv. cq]w ]©-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-
Wv. i_vZw- , kv]¿iw, c - q-]w, c
- k- w, K- ‘
- w F∂n-hb- mWv ]©-
hn-j-b-ßƒ. Ch F√m-‰n-t\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ {]tbm-
K-amWv Hfn apX-emw ]gw. A©v C{µn-b-ß-sf-bmWv A©p
Infn-If
- mbn D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Infn-Iƒ t`mK-{]n-bc- m-Wv. ]gw
Bkzm-Zy-a-[p-cn-asb [z\n-∏n-°p-∂p. hr£-Øns‚ Nn√-I-
fn¬\n∂pw Nn√-I-fn-te°v Nm©mSn, Hmtcmtcm ]g-w sImØn-
t\m°n ckn°p∂ Infn-I-sf-t∏m-se-bmWv \ΩpsS C{µn-b-
ßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. ico-csØ Hcp \mdp∂ \fn-I-tbm-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 34
SmWv D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. \fn-Ib
- psS A¿∞w D≈p s]m≈-
bmb Ipg¬ F∂m-Wv. \ΩpsS icochpw D≈p-s]m-≈b - mb
Hcp Ipg¬ t]mse-bmWv. B ico-cØ - n-em-Is´ Zp¿K‘w han-
°p∂ hkvXp-°ƒ Ipan-™p IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ico-c-Ønep
≈Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ a\ pw Hcp amen-\y-°q-ºm-ca - m-Wv. AXv
t`mK-em-ek
- t-- bmsS temIsØ `pPn-®X - ns‚ ê-am-bn-´m-Wv.
\ΩpsS icocw D]t`mKm-\¥ - cw hcp∂ aen-\y-ßsf Iqń-bn-
Sp∂ Xmhf-am-Im≥ ]mSn-√. amen-\y--ßƒ A∏t∏mƒ \o°w
sNø-Ww. ico-c-Ønse amen-\y-ßƒ \o°w sNøm≥ \mw
{ian-°p-∂X- p-t]mse {]m[m-\y-ap-≈X - mWv at\m-am-en-\y-ßf - psS
\n¿Ωm¿÷-\h - pw. am\-k{- ]-£m-f\ - Ø
- n\v G‰hpw AXym-h-
iy-amb H∂mWv hnth-Iw.
shfn-hpcp G¥pI F∂Xv hnth-IsØ kam¿÷n-°pI
F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv Kpcp {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. amen-\y-
ß-fmWv \fn-Isb \m‰-ap-≈-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. Imahpw t{Im[hpw
Akq-bbpw Al-¶m-chpw [m¿jvSyhpw F√mw amen-\y-ß-
fm-Wv. Rm≥ ico-c-am-sW-∂p-ff sX‰p[mc-W-bn¬\n∂mWv,
C{µn-bß- fm-Ip∂ Infn-Iƒ t`mKy-hn-iz-Øn\p ]n∂mse ]mdn-
]-d-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp th´-°m-c≥ H‰ shSnbv°v Infn-Isf Xmsg-
hogvØp∂-Xp-t]mse, \Ωfpw hnth-I-am-Ip∂ kzcq-]-ta¥n
C{µn- b - ß fpsS B¿Ønsb Acn™p Iogv a - d n- ° - W w.
Acn™p Iogva-dn-°pI F∂ ]Z-{]-tbm-K-Øn¬ I¿°-iamb
Dd® Xocp-am-\-ap-≠m-I-W-sa-∂mWv Kpcp \njv°¿jn-°p-∂-
Xv. km[-Is‚ Ag-Ip-g-º≥ kao-]\w kao-No-\-a√. F∂m
te ]q¿Æ-amb Bfl-km-£m-XvImcw km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 35
9
Ccp-]p-dhpw hcp-am-dh
- ÿ
- s- b-∏q˛
sØmcp sImSnh∂p ]S¿∂p-b¿∂ptahpw
Xcp-hn-\S- n°p X] psNbvXp hmgpw
\c\p hcm \cIw \n\-®n-tS-Ww.
Ccp-]p-dhpw ˛ c≠p ]pdhpw

hcp-amdv Ahÿsb ˛ s]mXn™p\n¬°p∂ hn[Øn¬
]qØ Hcp sImSn ˛ ]pjv]n®p \n¬°p∂ Hcp
Im´p-h≈n IWs°
h∂p ]S¿∂v Db¿∂v ˛ hf¿∂v tate°v ]¥-en®v
tahpw ˛ ÿnXn sNøp∂
Xcp-hn-\-Sn°v ˛ ac-Øns‚ Nph-ń¬
X] p sNbvXp hmgpw ˛ X] v A\p-jvTn®p Ign-bp∂
\c\v ˛ a\p-jy\v
hcm \cIw ˛ \cIw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√ F∂p
\n\-®n-tSWw ˛ t_m[y-s∏´psIm≈-Ww.
C sXmcp Nn{X-`m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). Cß-s\-bp-≈

t«mI-ßƒ°v Hcp _mlym¿∞hpw thsdmcp A¥-
cm¿∞hpw ImWpw.- H‰ t\m´-Øn¬ Hcp ac-Øn‚ Nph-ń¬
X] p sNøp∂ Hcp k∂ym-kn-bpsS Nn{X-amWv \ΩpsS
at\m-ap-Ip-c-Øn¬ A¶pcn-°p-I. X] p sNbvXp hmgpw \c≥
F∂ {]tbmKw A¥¿ap-Ja - mbn Bflm-hn-ea - c
- p∂ Hcp tbmKn-
bpsS \ne-sb-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. c≠p h≈n-Iƒ h∂v
acsØ s]mXn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. h≈n-Iƒ ac-Øn¬\n∂pw A\y-
a-√. ac-Øns‚Xs∂ `mK-am-Wv. Cu acw km[m-cW ac-a-√.
CXp ambm-a-c-am-Wv. amb-bpsS c≠p i‡n-I-fmWv Bh-c-
Whpw hnt£-]-hpw. B c≠p i‡n-Iƒ, c≠p h≈n-I-sf-
t∏mse Bflm-hns‚ kzcq-]sØ ad-®p-I-f-bpw. Bh-cWw
hy‡n-bnse kpjp-]vXy-h-ÿbpw hnt£]w Pm{K-Z-h-ÿ-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 36
bp-am-Wv. Dd-°-Øn\pw DW¿hn\pw CS-bn¬ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-
ßƒ ]S¿∂p ]¥-en-°p-tºmƒ ambm-eX - - Xo¿°p∂ hn{`m-a-
I-amb {]]©w \ΩpsS apºn¬ A\m-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p.
F∂m¬ [ym\-Øns‚ Dƒsh-fn-hn¬ ambm-h-≈n-Iƒ°p
]n∂nse Bfl-kz-cq-]sØ AII-Æp-sIm≠p ImWp∂ Xm]-
kt{i-jvT\v PohnXw Hcn-°epw ZpxJ-`q-bn-jvT-am-bn-cn-°p-I-
bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂Xv, [ym\-\n-c-X-\mb
\c\v Hcn-°epw \cIw hcn-I-bn-s√-∂v. \cIw F∂m¬ ZpxJ-
Øns‚ Xo{hX Ft∂ A¿∞-ap-≈p. \cIXp-ey-amb Pohn-
X-Øn¬\n∂v Ic-I-b-dp∂Xn\v X] v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-
Wv. X] v F∂ hm°n\v C{µn-b-a-t\m-kw-b-a\w F∂
A¿∞w FSp-Øm≥ aXn. Pohn-X-Øn\v Ah-t_m-[-X-e-Øn-
ep≈ Hcp ISn-™m¨- Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ima-Øns‚ IqØ-c-
ßmb a\- ns\ Ib-dqcn hnSp∂ Pohn-X-Øn-t\m-SmWv km[m-
c-W-°m-c\v {]nbw. F∂m¬ Hcp kZv-Kp-cp-hns‚ kao-]-Øn-
cp∂v tam£-im-kv{Xw tIƒ°m-\nShcp-tºmƒ NnØ-ip≤n
hcn-Ibpw X] v Hcp-hs‚ PohnXsØ Xmt\ Bt«-jn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂p. \nb-{¥-W-ßƒ ASn-t®-ev]n-t°-≠-h-b-√.
kzta-[bm hcn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Xm]- ≥ X]- n¬ A`n-c-an-
°p- ∂ - h - \ m- W v . t¢in- ° p- ∂ - h - \ - √ . kz¿Æ- ∏ - W n- ° m- c ≥
kz¿ÆsØ NqSm°n AXn¬\n∂pw amen-\y-ßsf th¿s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂X - p-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Xm]- ≥ at\m-am-en-\y-ßsf
Bfl-Xm]wsIm≠v Dcp-°n-b-I-‰p-∂-Xv. ChnsS X] v Hcp
cmk-Xz-c-I-amWv. Bfl-⁄m-\-Øn-te°v hy‡nsb AXn-
thKw ASp-∏n-°p∂ cmk-Xz-c-Iw. CXneqsS ⁄m\m-\p-k-
‘m-\-th-f-bn¬ X]- ns‚ A\n-hm-cy-Xsb Kpcp Du∂n-∏-d-
bp-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 37
10
""Ccp-fn-en-cn-∏-h-\mcv? sNm¬I \o''sb˛
s∂mcp-h\ - p-c∏- X
- p-tI´p Xm\p-tahw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-b-h-t\mSp \obp-am-sc ˛
∂cp-fp-an-Xn≥ {]Xn-hm-Iy-ta-I-am-Ipw.
Ccp-fn¬ - ˛ Ccp-ń¬
Ccn-∏-h≥ Bcv? ˛ Ccn-°p∂ \o BcmWv?
sNm¬I \o ˛ \o shfn-s∏-SpØq
F∂v Hcp-h≥ ˛ F∂v Hcp-h≥
Dc-∏Xv tI´v ˛ tNmZn-°p-∂Xv tIń´v
Xm\pw Ghw ˛ A{]Imcw Ccp-fnen-cn-°p-∂-h\pw
Adn-h-Xn-\mbn ˛ BcmWv F-∂-dn-bm-\mbn
Ah-t\mSv ˛ tNmZyw tNmZn-®-h-t\mSv
\obpw Bcv ˛ \obpw BcmWv?
F∂v Acpfpw ˛ F∂v Xncn®pw tNmZn-°pw.
CXn≥ {]Xn-hmIyw ˛ Ch-cpsS c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw
tNmZy-ßƒ°p-≈ DØcw
GI-amIpw ˛ H∂pX-s∂-bm-bn-cn°pw.
B flm-hns‚ A\n-tj-[y-amb D◊sb X¿°-an-√mØ coXn-

bn¬ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]co-£W
Kpcp \ap°p ImWn-®p-Xc - p-∂X
- a- mWv {io\mcm-bW-
- .v \√ Ccp-´p-≈ apdn-bn-te°v Hcmƒ
IS∂p hcp-∂p. B apdn-bn¬ Hcmƒ Ccn-°p-∂p-≠.v IS-∂p-hc - p∂
Bƒ°v apdn-bn¬ Btcm Ds≠∂ tXm∂¬ Df-hm-bt- ∏mƒ tNmZn-
°p-Ib- m-W:v ""BcmWv Ccp-´Øv Ccn-°p-∂Xv?'' At∏mƒ Ccp-´Øv
Ccn-°p∂ Bƒ DØ-cw ]dbp∂p: ""Rm≥.'' Ccp-´Ø - n-cn-°p∂
Bƒ IS-∂p-hc - p∂ Bfn-t\mSp Hcp adp-tNmZyw tNmZn-®p: ""\o
BcmWv?'' At∏mƒ Abmƒ ]d-™p: "- "Rm≥.'' c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw
DØcw "- "Rm≥'' F∂pXs∂. Cu c≠p hy‡n-If - nepw Ccn-°p∂
"- "Rm≥'' F∂ kØ°v hyXym-ka - pt≠m? Ah-[m-\] - q¿hw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 38
Xnc™p a\- n-em-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ Htc-sbmcp kØXs∂-bmWv
F-√m-hc
- nepw "- "Rm≥'' F∂ t_m[sØ Df-hm-°p-∂-sX∂v
ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
ca-Wa- l
- ¿jn-tbmSv Hcmƒ tNmZn-®p: Rm≥ Bcm? al¿jn
]d™p: ""ÿqe-i-co-c-a√ Rm≥, ]©-hn-j-b-ß-f√ Rm≥.
]©⁄mt\µn-b-ß-f√ Rm≥. ]©-I¿tΩ-{µn-b-ß-f√
Rm≥. ]©-{]m-W-ß-f√ Rm≥, a\ pw Rm\-√. A⁄m-
\hpw Rm\-√.''
""Ch-sbm∂pw Rm≥ As√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ Rm≥ Bcm?''
''HSp-hn¬ X≈p-hm≥ Xc-an-√msX X\nsb tijn-°p∂
"Adnhv' BIp∂p Rm≥.''
hfsc \mS-Io-ba - mbmWv Kpcphpw Cu kw`m-jW - i- I- ew
Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ccpfnen-cn-°p∂ hy‡nbpw IS∂p
hcp∂ hy‡nbpw ]c-kv]cw ImWp-∂n-√. Ccp-ńs‚ ]›m-
Ø-esØ Kpcp ChnsS sIm≠p-h∂ - Xv IÆp-sIm-≠p≈ Adn-
hns\ \ntj-[n-°m-\m-Wv. F∂m¬ c≠p-t]cpw Ah-c-h-sc-
°p-dn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Adnhv kz¥w t]tcm a‰p A\p-_-
‘-amb hnh-cß - tfm A√. ""Rm≥'' F∂ i_vZa - m-W.v BcmWv
Cu Rm≥? \ap°v ÿqem-\p-`h - ß
- f- psS klm-ba - n-√m-sX-Xs∂
t_m[y-ap≈ Imcy-amWv ""Rm≥'' Ds≠∂ hkvXp-X. c≠p
hy‡n-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ Cu tNmtZym-Øc - ß
- f- n¬\n∂v A]cn-
NnX-a√
- mØ kml-Nc - yØn-emWv Cu kw`m-jWw \S-°p-∂Xv
F∂v sXfn-bp-∂p. Ah-cpsS DØcw ""Rm≥'' F∂ H‰-hm-°n-
te°v Npcp-ßn-bXv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ico-cØ - n-t‚bpw a\- n-
t‚bpw D]m-[n-k-º¿°-Øn¬\n∂pw hyXn-cn-‡-amb Cu
""Rm≥'' Gh¿°pw kzbta Adn-bm-hp∂ kØ-bm-Wv. AXv
A\p-`h- Ø
- n¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ D≠v F∂ A\p-`h - -
Øn\p tij-amWv \ap°v a‰p _mlyhpw A`y-¥-c-hp-amb
A\p-`h-ßƒ D≠m-hp-∂Xv. Rm≥ D≠v F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-
Xs∂ Hcp Bh¿Ø-\a - m-Wv. D◊-Xs - ∂-bmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬
Rm≥. ASpØ ]Zy-Øn¬ Rm≥ Bsc∂ tNmZy-Øn\v IqSp-
X¬ hni-Zo-Ic - Ww Kpcp \¬Ip-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 39
11
Al-a-l-sa-∂-cp-fp-∂-sXm-s°-bm-cm˛
bpIn-e-Ita ]e-X-√-tX-I-amIpw
AI-ep-a-l-¥-b-t\-I-am-I-bm-eo˛
XpI-bn-elws]mcpfpw XpS¿∂n-Sp-∂p.
Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ Rm≥ F∂v

Acp-fp-∂-sXms° ˛ \mw ]d-bp-∂Xv F√mw
Bcm-bp-In¬ ˛ Xnc™p a\- n-em-°p-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬
AIta ]e-X√ ˛ Dƒkmc-Øn¬ shth-sd-b-√,
GI-amIpw ˛ H∂p-Xs- ∂-bmWv.
AIepw ˛ F∂nse Rm≥ thsd, Ah-\nse
Rm≥ thsd F∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈
Al¥ ˛ Rm≥ F∂ `mhw
At\Iw BI-bm¬ ˛ At\-I-amsW-¶nepw
Cu XpI-bn¬ ˛ Rm≥, Rm≥ F∂ `mh-ß-fp-sS-
F√mw kmcw H∂m-sW∂ Xc-Øn¬
Alws]mcpfpw ˛ ]c-am¿∞-Øn-¬ s]mcpfmb Rm≥
XpS¿∂n-Sp∂p ˛ B[m-c-k-Xy-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.
F √m a\p-jycpw Ah-ch - sc kw_-‘n-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ

]d-bp-tºmƒ ‘Rm≥’ F∂mWv ]d-bm-dv. F{X Bfp-Iƒ
D≠m-bmepw Ah-sc-√m-hcpw ‘Rm≥’ F∂mWv Ahch-sc-
°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂X- v. Ign™ t«mI-Øn¬ \S-Ønb ]co-£-
W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ F√m-h-cn-ep-an-cn-°p∂ ‘Rm≥’
H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv F∂v ]co-£n®v Adn-™p-I-gn-™p. {ih-
Ww, a\-\w, \nZn-[ym-k\ - w Ch aq∂pw tN¿∂p-≈ Hc-t\z-j-
W-Øn-eqsS am{Xta ‘Rm≥’ F∂ Bfl-kXyw F√m-hc - nepw
H∂m-sW∂v B\p-`q-Xn-Ia - mbn Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-Ib
- p-≈q. {ihn-
t°-≠Xv Kpcp-hn-s\-bm-Wv. A\p-`h - ÿ- \
- mb Kpcp-hn¬\n∂pw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 40
t\cn´p tIƒ-°W
- w. AXp {ih-Ww. tI´-Xns\ Bg-Øn¬
]cn-Nn-¥\w sNø-Ww. AXp a\-\w. a\\w Bflmhn¬
Ddbv°p-tºmƒ AXp \nZn-[ym-k-\w. \nZn-[ym-k\w ]mI-am-
Ip-tºmƒ kam-[n-ÿnXn ssIh-cp-∂p. \n¿hn-I-ev]-k-am-[n-
bn¬ Bflm-hns‚ Nn{Zq-]X sXfn-a-tbmsS {]Im-in-°p-∂p.
a\p-jy\p Is≠-Øm-hp∂ ]c-a-amb B\-µ-Øns‚ el-cn-
bm-W-Xv.
\Ωn-se√mw c≠p Xc-Øn¬ Alw-t_m[w {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂p-≠v. H∂v hym-P\pw at‰Xv Ak-ep-am-Wv. Ak¬ Alw
ip≤-am-Wv. Id-]p-cf- m-ØX- m-Wv. Kpcp Alw-s]m-cpƒ F∂v ]d-
bp-∂Xv ip≤-amb Al-sØ-bm-Wv. ip≤-amb Alw GIhpw
AZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-Wv. AXv A¥¿ap-J-ambn Adn-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.
Alw-s]m-cp-fns\ km£m-XvIc - n-°p-∂h
- ¿ inip-°s
- f-t∏mse
\njv°f - ¶
- c
- mbn amdp-∂p. Im]Syw Ah-cn¬ ImWp-Ib - n-√. Ah-
cpsS apgp-h≥ kØ-bnepw B ss\¿aeyw {]Im-in-°pw.
AI-ev®sb tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ Alw-t_m-[s - Ø-bmWv AI-
ep-w A-l¥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. A⁄m-\w-sIm-≠mWv AIev®
tXm∂p∂-Xv. A⁄m-\Øn\v -h-i-s∏ń-cn-°p-∂-h¿ "Rm≥'
F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ ico-cØ - n-t\m-Sp-≈ XmZm-flysØ Duń-
bp-d∏- n-°p-Ib
- mWv sNøp-∂X - .v Al-¶m-ch -- n-aq-Vmflmhmb hymP-
amb Alw "I¿Øm Alw CXn a\ytX,' Rm≥ I¿Øm-hm-
sW∂v kzbw hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ I¿Øm-h√ F∂-dn-bp-
∂Xv ⁄m\w. ⁄m\w hymPs‚ ad-am‰n Ak-ens\ ImWn®p
Xcp-∂p. Ak-ens\ Rms\∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv Bfl-km-£m-X° v m-
cw. At∏mƒ F√m Rm\p-If - nepw kmchØpw GIhp-amb
Alw-s]m-cpƒ am{Xta kXy-am-bn-´p-≈q F∂v Gh¿°pw A\p-
`-hn-®d- n-bm≥ Ign-bpw. Al-¶m-cØn¬\n∂pw \n∂pw Alw-
s]m-cp-fns\ th¿Øn-cn-®d - n-bp-∂Xv hfsc Zpjv°c - a
- mb km[-
\-bm-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 41
12
sXmen-bp-sa-ep-ºp-aew Zpc-¥-a-¥x˛
Ie-I-fp-ta-¥p-a-l-¥-sbm-∂p ImÏ!
s]men-bp-an-X\y s]men™p]q¿Æ-amIpw
hen-sbm-c-l¥ hcm hcw Xtc-Ww.
sXmenbpw ˛ N¿Ωhpw
Fepºv ˛ F√p-Ifpw
aew ˛ amen-\y-ßfpw
Zpc¥w A¥xI-e-Ifpw ˛ ZpxJ-tlXp-I-amb hm-k-\-Ifpw
G¥pw Al¥ ˛ hln-°p∂ Al-¥sb
H∂p ImÏ ˛ DW¿thmsS t\m°pI.
s]menbpw ˛ \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂
CXv A\y ˛ CXv Ahn-Zy-bmb A\y-bmWv.
s]men™p ]q¿Æ-amIpw ˛ AhnZy \in®v ]q¿ÆX
ssIh-cn-°pw.
hen-sbm-c-l¥ ˛ Xm≥ hº-\m-sW∂ Al¥
hcm- hcw XtcWw ˛ hcm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≈ hcw Xtc-Ww.
i co-csØ apgp-h\pw sXmen-sIm-≠m-Wv s]mXn-™n-cn-°p-

∂Xv. sXmen-bpsS ASn-bn¬ amwk-ap-≠v. icocw amwk-
_≤w am{X-a√ - . AXns\ Xmßn-\ndpØp∂ Hcp F√n≥Iq-Sp-
ap≠v. ico-c-Øns‚ ]pdw-`mKw F{X hrØn-bm-°n-h-®mepw
D≈n¬ No™p-\m-dp∂ hkvXp-°f - mWv InS-°p-∂X
- v. \mw Ign-
°p∂ `£-Whpw sh≈hpw F√mw aq∂p aWn-°q¿ Ign-bp-
tºmƒ AgpIn-\m-dm≥ XpS-ßpw. AXpam{Xa√, a\- ns‚
D≈n¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ hmk-\I - ƒ AXnepw Agp-In-bX - m-
Wv. Akq-b, Cu¿jy, tIm]w, aZw, am’-cyw, Zw`w Chsb√mw
Pohn-XsØ hrØn-lo-\-am-°p∂- Zqjyhmk-\-Ifm-Wv. ]c-
kv]cw sI´p-]n-W™p InS-°p∂ Chsb t_m[-Øns‚ sXfn-
a-bn¬ H∂p t\m°n-°m-WW - w. Xe-bn¬ tSm¿Nv sse‰v ]nSn-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 42
∏n®v Ccp-ńs\ Xnc-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, t\m°p-∂n-S-sØms°
{]Imiw {]kcn®v Ccp´v A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂p. Rm≥ ico-c-
am-sW∂ Al¥ s]men-™p-t]mbn Rm≥ ]q¿Ww F∂
Alw-s]m-cpƒ sXfn™p hcp-∂p. s]men-bpI F∂-Xn\v
{]Im-in°pI F∂pw \in-°pI F∂pw A¿∞w Iev]n-°mw.
\in- ° p- ∂ Xv Al- ¥ - b m- W v. sXmen- ∏ p- d Øv am{Xw
HXpßn\nev°p∂ hy‡n-t_m-[a - m-Wv. {]Im-in-°p-∂Xv Bfl-
kz-cq-]-am-Wv.
Bfl-kz-cq]w kz—-kp-µc - a- m-W.v AhnsS kuc`yw am{Xta
D≈q. AXn-cp-If - n-√mØ hnim-eX - b
- mWv Bflm-hns‚ Xew.
Bflm-\p-`hw D≠m-Ip-∂X - n\v Al¥ s]men-™p-t]m-IW - w.
]q¿Æ-am-b Bflm-\p-`hw D≠mIp-∂X - p-hsc hmk-\I - ƒ Fcn-
™-St- ß-≠X - p-≠v. AXn-\n-Sb- n¬ Nne BfpI-fn¬ hen-sbm-
c-l¥ h∂v Ah-cpsS \√- Po-hn-XsØ Xmdp-am-dm-°m-dp-≠v.
Rm≥ ⁄m\n-bm-Wv, Rm≥ Cuiz-c\ -- mWv, Rm≥ alm-\mWv
Fs∂ms° kzbw hºp ]d-bp-tºmƒ Abmƒ hensbmcp
Al¥bp≈ Bfm-Wv. henb Al-¥-bmWv tkz—m-[n-]-Xn-
Isf krjvSn-°p-∂Xv. Ah¿ A[o-ik - z-`m-ha - p-≈h
- c- mbnØocp-
∂p. ImcpWyw Ch-cn¬ h‰n hc-≠n-cn-°pw. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS
{i≤bpw BZ-chpw Ch¿ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬
lnc-Wy-I-in-]phn-t‚bpw `kvam-kp-c-t‚bpw IY-Iƒ hen-
sbm-c-l-¥-bpsS Zpc-¥sØbmWv ZrjvSm-¥o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
hen-sbm-c-l-¥bpw s]men-™p-t]m-IWw. AXp s]s´∂p
s]men-bp-Ib- n-√. AXn\p Cuiz-cm-\p-{Klhpw Kpcp-Im-cp-Wyhpw
thWw. AXp-sIm≠v {]m¿∞-\m-cq-]-Øn¬ hen-sbm-c-l¥
hcmXncn-°m≥ hcw XtcWw F∂p A¿∞n-°-W w. hcw
F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS I¿Ω-i‡ - n-sIm≠v
t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-hp-∂-X√ CXv F∂m-Wv. Cuiz-c-{]-km-Z-Øm¬
am{Xw e`y-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. {]m¿∞-\m-\zn-X-amb a\ v
CXn\v A\n-hmcy-am-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 43
13
{XnKp-W-abw Xncp-\o-d-Wn-s™m-co-i˛
∂I-a-ecn´p hWßnb£amdn
kI-e-a-gn™p XWn™p tIh-e-Øn≥˛
aln-a-bp-a‰p al- n-em-Wn-tS-Ww.
{XnKp-W-abw ˛ kXzw, cP- v, Xa v F∂o

aq∂p KpW-ßsf Nps´-SpØ
Xncp-\o¿ AWn™ ˛ Znhy`kvaw ]qin-b
Hcp Cui\v ˛ Htc-sbmcp Cuizc\v
AI-a-e-cn´v ˛ k¶ev]-ß-fm-Ip∂ ]q°ƒ
A¿∏n®v
hWßn ˛ Bflm¿∏W-`m-ht- Øm-sS
A£w Bdn ˛ C{µn-b-ßƒ°p hnj-b-ßfnep≈
sImXn Bdn-Ø-WpØv
kIew Agn™v ˛ F√m euIn-I-_-‘-\-ßfn¬
\n∂pw ap‡-\mbn
XWn™v ˛ im¥Nn-Ø-\mbn
tIh-e-Øn≥ ˛ tIh-e-am-b-Xns‚
aln-a-bp-a‰v ˛ A¤p-Xm-Z-c-ßfpw C√m-Xmbn
al- n¬ ˛ Bfl-tPym-Xn- n¬
BWn-tSWw ˛ B≠p-t]mbn AXm-bn-ØocWw.
{] IrXn {XnKp-Wm-fln-I-bm-Wv. kXzw, cP- v, Xa v F∂o

aq∂p KpW-ß-fmWv a\p-jys\ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS GSm-Iq-S-
Øn-te°v hen-®n-g-°p-∂-Xv. {XnKp-W-ßƒ I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ Imaw
Ie¿Øn Pohs\ _‘-\-ÿ-\m-°p-∂p. Cu aq∂p KpW-ß-
fpsS \ocmfn-∏n-SnØ-Øn¬\n∂pw ap‡-\m-IW - s
- a-¶n¬ Cuiz-
c-\n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw icWw Kan®n-cn-°-Ww. Cuiz-c-\m-Is´,
Cu aq∂p KpW-ß-tfbpw D√w-Ln®p \n¬°p∂ GI-amb
s]mcpfm-Wv. Cuiz-c≥ KpWm-Xo-X-\m-Wv. {]IrXn {XnKp-Wm-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 44
fln-I-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bmWv Pohs‚ I¿Ω-t£-{Xw. {XnKp-W-
ßsf ⁄m\m-·n-sIm-≠mWv Np´p-Nm-ºe - m-°p-∂X
- v. Xncp-\o¿
`kva-am-Wv. `kvaw AWn-bp-∂Xv hnc-‡n-bpsS e£-W-am-
Wv. AsXmcp {]XoIwIqSn-bm-Wv. `kvaw ]qin NpS-e-°-f-
Øn¬ \rØw sNøp∂ XmWvU-h-\-S-cm-P≥ hnc-‡-`m-h-
Øns‚ {]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb Nn{X-W-am-Wv. ]pcm-Winhs\
]tcm-£-ambn am{Xta ChnsS [z\n-∏n-°p-∂p-≈q. Cui≥
{]]-©-{k-jvSm-hmb k¿th-iz-c≥X-s∂-bm-Wv.
\Ω-psS k¶ev]-kq-\-ß-fmWv Cui\v A¿®-\-bmbn
\¬Ip-∂-Xv. at\m-X-e-Øn-emWv Cu ]qP \S-°p-∂-Xv. A¿∏-
W-tØmSp-Iq-Sn-thWw k¶ev]-ß-tfbpw I¿Ω-ß-tfbpw
Cui\p ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xv. AXn-eqsS C{µn-b-ß-fn¬ -]-‰n-
\n¬°p∂ Ima-\-Isf C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Ima-\-I-fmWv
temI-Øn¬ \sΩ _‘n-∏n--°p-∂-Xv. Ima-\-I-ƒ Xm]kz`m-
hn-I-fm-Wv. Xm]w NqSm-Wv. Xm]-amWv a\pjys\ £p_v[-
\m-°p-∂-Xv. C{µn-b-ß-fpsS NqSm-dn-bm¬ C{µn-b-ß-fn¬
kam[n ssIh-cpw. ka-\ne ssIh-cpw.
Cuiz-cka¿∏Ww Bbm-k-c-ln-X-am-Ip-tºmƒ kIe
_‘-\-ßfpw Agn-™p-am-dpw. A¥°-c-W-Øn¬ ]ncn-ap-dp-
°-ßƒ krjvSn®ncp∂ NqsS√mw XWp-Øp-d™v im¥n-Zm-
b-I-amb Hc-\p-`-hsØ D≈n-ep-W¿Øpw. AXv Cuiz-cm-\p-`-
h-am-Wv. Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ \mw _mly-tem-
IsØ ad-°p-∂p. \mw Hcp B›-cy-]c - X
- b
- n¬ aXn-ad
- ∂v {`m¥-
s\- t ∏mse Pohn- s ®∂p hcmw. tIh- e - Ø n≥ aln- a -
bn¬\n∂pw apt∂m´p t]mI-Ww. aX-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ tIh-
e-a-ln-asb hmgvØp∂ Zzµzm-[n-jvTnX kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-
cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-sSbpw \mw At\z-j-WsØ \ndp-Øp-
hm≥ ]mSn-√. ho≠pw ho≠pw ]q¿Æ-amb \ne ssIh-cn-°p-
∂-Xp-hsc Bg-ß-fn-te°p s]mbvsIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. cs≠-
∂p-≈ `mhw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xp-h-sc BZn-a-l- n¬ BgWw.
Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw AXp-sIm≠v aXm-Xo-X-am-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 45
14
{Xn`p-h-\-koa IS∂p Xnßn-hnßpw
{Xn]pSn apSn™p sXfn-™n-Sp∂ Zo]w
I]-S-b-Xn°p Ic-ÿ-am-Ip-ho-se˛
∂p]-\n-j-Zp‡n cl-ky-tam¿Øn-tS-Ww.
{Xn`p-h-\-koa IS∂v ˛ Pm{K-Øv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn

F∂o aq∂ptemI-ßƒ°pa∏pdØv
Xnßnhnßpw ˛ \nd™p-{]-Im-in-°p-∂-Xmb
{Xn]pSn apSn™p ˛ {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \mi-Øn-eqsS am{Xw
sXfn-™n-Sp∂ Zo]w ˛ km£m-XvI-cn-°m-hp∂ Bfl-Zo]w
I]-Sb
- X- n°v ˛- I≈-k∂ - ym-kn°v
Ic-ÿ-am-Ip-hoe ˛ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp-I-bn-√
F∂ ˛ F∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈
D]-\n-j-Zp-‡n-c-lkyw ˛ D]-\n-j-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂
cl-ky-amb Z¿i\w
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ Ft∏mgpw Hm¿°Ww.
\ ΩpsS A\p-`-h-ßƒ°v aq∂v AXn¿Øn-Iƒ Iev]n-°mw.

H∂v DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ temI-am-Wv.
Cu Ah-ÿsb Pm{K-Z-hÿ F∂mWv ]d-bpI. Cu Ah-
ÿ- b n¬ C{µn- b - ß fpw {]]- © hpw XΩn¬ _‘- s ∏´v
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. c≠m-asØ Ahÿ kz]v\-am-Wv. kz]v\w
ImWp∂ ka-bØv C{µn-bß - ƒ {]h¿Ø-\\- n-cX
- a
- √
- . F∂m¬
\√ Dd-°h- p-a√
- . kz]v\w ImWp∂ BfpsS D≈nse ]q¿hkva-
c-W-I-fmWv kz]v\-ß-fmbn A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
aq∂m-asØ Ah-ÿsb kpjp]vXn F∂mWv ]d-bpI. AXm-
bXv \√ Dd-°w. Dd-°-Øn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ Adn-bp-I-bn-√.
F∂m¬ Dd-°-Øn¬\n∂pw DW¿∂m¬ kpJ-ambn Ddßn
F∂ tXm∂¬ D≠m-Ipw. DW¿∂-Xn\p tijta Aß-s\-
bp-≈ Adn-hp-≠m-hpIbp-≈q.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 46
Dd-ßp∂ ka-bØv Rm≥ kpJ-ambn Dd-ßp∂p F∂v
Bcpw Adn-bp-∂n-√. C{Xbpw A\p-`-h-ßƒ \ap-s°√mw ]cn-
Nn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp ⁄m\n-bpsS t_m[w Cu aq∂p
temI-ßƒ°pw A∏p-d-Øp-≈ Hc-\p-`-h-Øn-em-Wv {]Xn-jvTn-
X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B t_m[sØ "Xpco-bt_m[w' F∂mWv
D]-\n-j-ØpIƒ ]d-bp∂Xv. {Xn]pSn apSn™v sXfn-™n-Sp∂
Zo]w F∂v {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp hnfn-°p-∂p. t_m[-Øns‚
⁄mXr-˛-⁄m-\-˛-t⁄b hn`-P-\-ß-fmWv {Xn]p-Sn-I-fmbn
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {Xn]p-Sn-bpsS \miw t_mt[m-Z-b-am-Wv.
t_m[w sXfn-bp-tºmƒ \mwXs∂ Hcp kzbw{]-Im-i-tPym-
Xn m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.
k∂ymkw ]e¿°pw Hcp thjw-sI-´-em-Wv. k∂ym-k-
hrØn XymK-kp-c-`n-e-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ amXr-I-bm-b-Xp-
sIm≠v P\-ß-fpsS BZcw k∂ym-kn-Iƒ°v e`n-°p-∂Xv
kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. -\ΩpsS ]q¿hn-I-cmb k∂y-mk-t{i-jvT-∑m-
cpsS PohnXamWv `mc-Xo-bk - w-kv°m-cØ
- n-\v amlmflyw t\Sn-
Ø-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v kzoIm-cyXbpw BZ-chpw In´p∂ Hcp
taJ-e-bn-te°v Bfp-Iƒ Xmev]cyw {]ISn-∏n-°p-∂Xv temI-
k-l-P-am-Wv. F√m ImeØpw CØcw Bjm-V-`q-Xn-Iƒ
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. -i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS ImeØv I]-S-k-∂y-kn-am¿
kar-≤-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hmWv `P-tKm-hnµw F∂
IrXn-bn¬ ""DZ-c-\n-anØw _lp-Ir-X-thjw'' F∂v C°q-´sc
Ifn-bm-°n-b-Xv. thjw sIń \S-∂m-sem∂pw Xpco-bm-\p-`hw
D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-Øn\v Xt]m-\n-c-X-amb At\z-
jWhpw X] pw thWw. hb-‰p-]n-g-∏n-\mbn thjw sIń
\S- ° p∂ k∂ym- k n- a msc AXp- s Im≠v I]- S - b - X n- I ƒ
F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂X - v. D]-\n-jØ
- ns‚ ]›m-Øe - s
- Ø Hm¿Ωn-
®p-sIm-≠mWv Kpcp C°mcyw ÿnco-Icn-°p-∂-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 47
15
]c-bpsS ]mep\pI¿∂ `mKy-hm-∑m¿˛
s°mcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-s≠m-cev]-t\cw
Adn-h-]-c-{]-Ir-Xn-°-[o-\-am-bm˛
ec-s\m-Sn-bm-bn-c-am-≠p-t]mse tXm∂pw.
]c-bpsS ]mev ˛ ]c-am-fl-⁄m-\-Øn¬\n∂pw

Dudn-hcp∂ B\-µm-\p-`hw
\pI¿∂ `mKy-hm-∑m¿°v ˛ A\p`hn°p∂ A\p-Kr-lo-X¿°v
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am≠v ˛ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿jwt]mepw
Hcev]-t\cw ˛ kzev]t\c-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏Spw.
Adnhv ˛ t_m[w
A]-c-{]-Ir-Xn°v ˛ Bflm-hn¬\n∂\y-amb {]Ir-Xn°v
A[o-\a- m-bm¬ ˛ hi-s∏-´p-t]m-bm¬
Ac-s\mSn ˛ Ac-\n-anjw
Bbn-c-am-≠p-t]mse ˛ Hcm-bncw h¿jßƒt]mse
tXm∂pw ˛ A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.
Im ew Ne-\a - m-Wv. Ne\w am‰-am-Wv. am‰w ico-cØ - nt‚bpw

a\- n-t‚bpw {]Ir-X-am-Wv. Ne-\-Øn\v hi-s∏-ń-cn-
°p- ∂ Xv A⁄m- \ m- h - ÿ - b n- e m- W v . Ne- \ - Ø n¬ Poh\v
_‘\w A\p-`h - s - ∏-Sp-∂p. _‘\w ZpxJ-am-Wv. ⁄m\amWv
Pohs\ \n›-e-amb Bflm-hn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xv. Bflmhv
kzcq-]a- mWv. kzcq]w \n›-eam-Wv, ÿnc-am-Wv. \n›-eXbn¬
h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv B\-µa - m-Wv. A\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-aamb A\p-
`q-Xn-bn¬ Aa¿∂n-cn-°p∂ ⁄m\n-Iƒ°v Ime-t_m[w Hcp
]oU-\-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-dn-√. Bflm-\p-`qXn B\-µ-Øns‚
\nd-™p-I-hn-b-em-Wv. Bflm-\p-`q-Xn-bmWv ]c-bpsS ]mev.
AXv Aar-Xm-Wv. arXyp-hn¬\n∂pw Pohs\ XcWw sNøn-
°p∂ ckm-b-\w. F√m-h¿°pw AXv A\m-bm-tk\ {]m]y-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 48
a-√. `mKy-hm-∑m¿t° AX-\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q.
`mKyw Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm-Wv. AXv a\p-jy-{]-bXv\-Øns‚ ê-
ambn e`n-°p-∂-X-√. Ir]bv°v ]m{Xo-`-hn-°m≥ {]tXy-In®p
ImcWw Bh-iy-an-√. F∂m¬ At\z-jn-°p-∂-ht\ Cuiz-c-
Ir] Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
Bflm\p-`q-Xn-Z-i-bn¬ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿jw-t]mepw
Hcp \nan-jw F∂-t]mse A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. F∂m¬ A⁄m-
\-Øm¬ Ime-t_m[w Hcp-h-\n¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp
\nan-jw-X-s∂ Hcm-bncw h¿j-ßƒt]mse `mc-ap-≈-Xm-bn-
Øocpw. Imew a\- ns‚ krjvSn-bm-Wv. a\- n¬ kpJap≠m-
Ip-tºmƒ Ime-Øn\v \ofw Ipd-bpw. kabw ]m™p-t]m-Ip∂
A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-°pw. ZpxJ-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ ImeØn\p \ofw
IqSpw. kabw Cg-™p-\o-ßp-∂-Xp-t]mse A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.
kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ Bt]-£n-I-ß-fm-Wv. Cu kXyw B[p-\n-I-
imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº Kpcp ]d-™pI-gn™p.
B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ Hcp DZm-lc - Ww ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Np´p-
]-gpØ Hcp teml-Ø-In-Sn¬ Hcmsf ]nSn-®n-cp-Øn-bm¬
Abmƒ°v Hcp \nanjwt]mepw Hcm-bncw h¿jw-t]mse
tXm∂pw. F∂m¬ Imap-In-bpsS kvt\l-ak - r-Wa
- mb Npw_-
\m-enw-K\
- m-Zn-If
- n¬ \n¿hr-Xn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp-h\v aWn-°q-
dp-Iƒ Ign-™p-t]m-bmepw Hcp \nan-jw-t]m-setb tXm∂p-I-
bp-≈q. t_m[w X∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-amb H∂n¬ hym]cn-
°p-∂XmWv Ah-iX. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ime-Øns‚ acW
amWv Bfl-km-£m-Xv°m-cw. Ime-Øn¬ Pohn°p-∂-XmWv
ac-Ww. a\p-jy≥ temI-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-tºmgpw ac-W-Øns‚
òXn-bn¬\n∂pw hnap-‡-\-√. Ime-t_m-[amWv a\p-jy\n¬
arXyp-ò-Xn-sb- krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. Acs\mSn Bbn-c-am-≠p-
t]mse tXm∂pw F∂Xv a\p-jy≥ Aa¿Xy-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p
F∂-Xns‚ Be-¶m-cn-I-{]-tbm-Kam-Wv. Cu ]Zyw \n¿hr-Xn-
bpsS \nd-™p-Xq-h-em-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 49
16
A[n-Ih - n-im-ea- c- p-{]-tZ-is- am-∂mbv
\Zn s]cp-Ip-∂X - p-t]mse h∂p \mZw
{ipXn-If- n¬ hoWp Xpd°pa-£n-sb∂pw
bX-an-bepw bXn-hc- y-\m-bn-tS-Ww.
A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw ˛ hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn¬

H∂mbv ˛ BIth
\Zn-s]-cp-Ip-∂X
- p-t]mse ˛ \Zn Ic-Ih
- n-s™m-gp-Ip-∂X
- p-t]mse
\mZw -h∂v ˛ {]W-h-[z\n Dd-h-s]mń h∂v
{ipXn-I-fn¬ hoWv ˛ Dƒ°m-Xn¬hoWv
Xpd-°p-w A£n ˛ AI-°Æp Xpd-∏n-°p∂p.
F∂pw bX-an-bepw ˛ CXn\v Ft∏m-gpw b-a\w ioe-am-°nb
bXn-h-cy≥ Bbn-tSWw ˛ k∂ym-kn-t{i-jvT≥ Bbn-cn°Ww.
B flm-\p-`h- sØ Imhym-flI
∂-Xv. hnim-ea
- a
- m-bmWv Kpcp Ah-Xc
- mbn ]c∂p InS-°p∂ aW¬∏-c-∏v. B
aW¬∏-c∏v NqSp-sIm≠p X]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. s]s´∂vv B
- n-∏n-°p-
acp-`qan apgp-h≥ \nd™p]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-h-

s]m-ń-h-cnI-bm-sW-¶n¬ B A\p-`-hw \ΩpsS k¶ev]sØ-
t]mepw AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. acp-`q-an-bpsS X]vX-lr-Z-
b-Øn¬ \Zn-bpsS \\hv ]S¿∂v kpJ-io-Xf - na ]I-cp∂ A\p-
`q-Xn. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ \mZw DXn¿∂p-
h∂v Dƒ°m-Xp-I-fn¬hoWv ⁄m\-N-£p- ns\ Xpd-∂p-X-cp-
∂-X.v Ahm-Ny-kp-µc- a - mb Bflm\p-`q-XnbmWv Kpcp Cu t«mI-
Øn-eqsS ]I¿∂p-Xc - phm≥ {ian-°p-∂X - v. \Ω-psS c≠p ImXp-
Iƒ°pa∏p-dØv Adn-hns‚ am[p-cy-aqdp∂ \mZw {ihn-°p∂
Hcp t{im{X-ap-≠v. B t{im{Xw DW-cW - s - a-¶n¬ {i≤ thWw.
{i≤ Bflm-hn¬ Dd-®n-cn-°p∂ _p≤n-bm-Wv. {i≤ Dƒ°m-
Xns\ BZyw Xpd-°p∂p. BtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ Dƒ°-Æpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 50
Xpd-°p-∂p. ChnsS ]d-bp∂ IÆv ⁄m\-N£ - p- m-Wv. ka-
kvXX- b
- nepw Bfl-km-∂n≤yw Z¿in-°p∂ IÆmWv ⁄m\-
N-£p- v. Bfl-kw-ba - \w ioe-am-°nb Hcp k∂ym-kn-hc - y\v
am{Xta Cu A\p-`qXn ssIh-cn-Ib - p-≈p. t\ctØ ]d™
I]-S-k-∂ym-kn-°v Cu A\p-`-h-Øns‚ shfn-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-
I-bn-√.
A[n- I - h n- i me acp- { ]- t Ziw A\- ¥ - a mb t_m[- Ø ns‚
hym]vXnsbbmWv hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \Zn-bpsS ioX-tk-N-
\wsIm-≠mWv X∂nse B\-µm-\p-`q-Xnsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ acp-
`q-an°v Ign-™-Xv. \msa√mw Pohn-XsØ acp-`qan IWs°
X]n®p Xo¿°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. ZpxJ-amWv Pohn-XsØ Nqgv∂p
\nev ° p∂ bmYm¿∞y- s a∂v {io_p≤≥ ]d- ™ Xv Cu
A¿∞-Øn-em-Wv. A]q¿hw Nne¿°v Kpcp-Ir-]s - Im≠v Bflm-
hns‚ kpJ-io-X-fn-a-bn-¬ Aa¿∂n-cn-°p-hm≥ ku`mKyw e`n-
°p-∂p. {]W-h-amWv \Zn-bmbn Bflm-hn¬ Hgp-Ip∂Xv. {]W-
hsØ \mZw F∂p hnh-£n-°m≥ ImcWw ]q¿WX {]m]n®
Poh≥ kwKo-Xm-fl-I-am-sW∂p ]d-bm≥ IqSn-bm-Wv. temI-
hn-j-b-ß-fp-ambn apń-bp-cpΩn Pohn-°p∂ kmam\y a\pjy-
cn¬ Cu kwKoXw ad-™p-t]m-b-Xns‚ sshc-ky-amWv \man-
hnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. Bfp-Iƒ°v Aev]w-t\-cw-t]mepw ck-
tØmsS shdp-sX-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. shdp-sX-bn-cn-
°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy¿ apjn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p. _mly-tem-IsØ
hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-I-sf√mw a\p-jys‚ apjn-∏n¬\n-∂p≈ tamN-
\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-Wv. {]W-ha - p-W¿∂ \mZ-tbm-Kn-Iƒ Bflm-
hns‚ kwKo-X-Øn¬ [ym\-\n-c-X-ambn A`n-c-an-°p-∂p. Cu
B\µw \ncp-]m-[n-I-am-Wv. tbmKn-bpsS B\µw \n¿tZm-j-
am-Wv. inip-°-fpsS {IoU-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 51
17
Ag-se-gp-a-©n-X-fm¿∂p c≠p -X-´m-bv˛
®pg-ep-a-\mZnhnf°p Xq°n-bmflm
\ng-ep-cp-hm-sbcn-bp∂p s\øtXm ap≥˛
]g-Inb hmk\ h¿Øn hrØn-b-t{X.
A©n-Xf
- m¿∂v ˛ A©p \mf-ß-tfmSp IqSn
c≠p X´mbv ˛ ÿqew, kq£vaw F∂o c≠p
X´pI-fmbn
Ag-segpw ˛ IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂,
Npgepw ˛ Np‰n-Øn-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
A\m-Zn-hn-f°v ˛ BZn-bn-√mØ Hcp Zo]w
Xq°n ˛ Xq°nbnń-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-
Bflm ˛ Bflmhv
\ng¬ Dcp-hmbv ˛ \ngemb icocw G¥n-sIm≠v
Fcn-bp∂p ˛ IØn--s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
s\øv AtXm ˛ hnf-s°-cn-bm-\p-≈ s\øm-sW-¶ntem
ap≥ ]g-Inb hmk\ ˛ aptº \Ω-n¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂
]g°wsN∂ I¿Ω-hm-k-\-I-fm-Wv.
h¿Øn ˛ B hnf-°nse Xncn-I-fm-Is´,
hrØn-bt{X ˛ NnØ-hr-Øn-If - m-Wv.
H cp Xnc-»o-eb
- n¬ sXfn-bp∂ Ne-®n-{Xw-t]m-se-bmWv Kpcp
Cu t«mIw Na-®n--cn-°p-∂-X.v A\m-Zn-bmb Bflmhv Hcp
hnf-°p-t]mse Hmtcm-cp-Øc- nepw Fcn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠.v
Htc-sbmcp Bflmhv Fcn-bp-tºmƒ Hcp \mfta ]mSp-≈q.
F∂m¬ amb-bpsS i‡n-I-fmb Bh-cWhpw hnt£-]hpw
\nanØw Bflm-hn\v A©p \mf-ßƒ D≈-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-
∏n-°p-∂p. A©p \mf-ßƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv a\p-jy-ic - o-c-
Ønse A©p ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - fneqsS-bp≈ A\p-`-h-ßfm-
Wv. sNhn-bn-eqsS i_vZ-\m-fhpw Xz°n-eqsS kv]¿i-\m-fhpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 52
IÆn-eqsS cq]-\m-fhpw \mhn-eqsS ck-\m-fhpw aq°n-eqsS
K‘-\m-fhpw {]Im-in-°p-∂p. ⁄mt\-{µn-b-ß-fn-eqsS Bfl-
Zo]w {]Im-in-°p-tºm-gmWv \mw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw kv]¿in-
°p-∂Xpw ImWp-∂Xpw cpNn-°p-∂Xpw aW-°p-∂Xpw Hs°.
Cu Zo]-Øn-\m-Is´, c≠p X´p-Ifp≠v. H∂p am\-kn-Iw (con-
ceptual) c≠m-a-tØXv sF{µn-bw (perceptual). sF{µnb-am-
bXv ÿqe-amb X´m-Wv. C{µn-b-Øns‚ apºn¬ Hcp hnjbw
h∂p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ a\- mWv B hnj-bsØ \n¿Æ-bn®p
a\- n-em-°m-\p-≈ k∂m-l-ß-sfms° Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp--°p-∂-
Xv. C{µn-bß - ƒ hnj-bsØ kmam-\y-ambn a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw
a\ v hnti-j-ambn \n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-
Øn\v Hcp amºgw ImWp--tºmƒ AXv C{µn-b-ßƒ°v \evIp-
∂Xv amºgw F∂ kmam-\y-t_m-[-am-Wv. a\- ns‚ cwK-{]-
th-ia- p-≠m- Ip-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬ IrXy-Xt- bmsS amºgw a¬tKm-
h-bmtWm \oe-\mtWm aqhm-≠-\mtWm F∂p khn-ti-j-
ambn \n¿W-bn-°p-∂p. a\- n¬ ]q¿hm¿÷n-Xa - m-b- hmk-\I-
fmWv temI-\n¿W-bØ - n-\p-th≠n Icp-°f - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- v.
Bfl-Zo]w {]Im-in-°p-∂Xv \ng-ep-cp-th-¥n-bm-W.v \ng-epcp
F∂p ]d- ™ m¬ Xnc- » o- e - b n¬ an∂n- a - d - ™ p- t ]m- I p∂
OmbmNn{X-ßƒt]mse Ft∂ A¿∞-ap-≈q. Cu hnf-s°-cn-
bp-hm≥ C‘-\a - m-b s\øv hfsc ]g-°w-sN∂ ]q¿h-I¿Ω-
kw-kvIm-cßfm-Wv. ]qhn¬ aW-sa-∂t- ]mse Ch NnØ-Øn¬
hkn°p- ∂ - X p- s Im- ≠ mWv hmk\ F∂p hnfn- ° p- ∂ - X v .
s\øn¬ Xncn-sb-∂t- ]mse hmk-\I - f- n¬ NnØ-hr-Øn-If - mWv
IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - .v hnj-bk - wKw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ t_m[w
hnj-b-Øns‚ BImcw ssIs°m≠v Poh-\n¬ hnt£m-`-
ßƒ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw, I-Se - n¬ Xnc-bS- n-°pw-t]mse.
Chsb-bmWv NnØ-hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. Bflmhv
A©n-{µn-bß- f
- n-eqsS a\- ns‚ ]›m-Øe - Ø
- n¬ {]Xn-ê - n®p
{]Im-in-°p∂ Hcp at\m-lc - N
- n{Xw Cu t«mIØneqsS Kpcp
\ap°p ]I¿∂p-Xc - p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 53
18
Al-an-cp-f-√n-cp-fm-In-e-‘-cmbv \m˛
al-a-l-sa-∂-dn-bm-Xn-cp-∂n-tSWw
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-l-a-‘-Im-c-a-s√˛
∂dn-h-Xn-\n-ß-s\-bm¿°p-tam-Xn-tSWw.
Alw Ccp-f√ ˛ Bfl-t_m[w Ccp-f-√.

Ccp-fm-In¬ ˛ Ccp-´m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬,
A‘-cmbv \mw ˛ Dƒ°m-gvN-t]mepw t]mbn
Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ D≠v Rm≥ D≠v
F∂pIqSn
Adn-bm-Xn-cp-∂n-tSWw ˛ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Adn-h-Xn-\m¬ ˛ F∂m¬ Rm\p≠v F∂ Adn-
hns\ \ntj[n-°m\mhm-Ø-Xn-\m¬
Alw A‘-Im-c-a-s√∂v ˛ Bflm-hmb Rm≥ Ccp-´-s√∂v
Adn-h-Xn\v ˛ t_m[yw hcp-Øp∂-Xn-\p-th≠n
Cßs\ ˛ C{]Imcw
B¿°pw ˛ F√m-ht- cmSpw
HmXn-tSWw ˛ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°W - w.
Hm tcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-c-h-sc-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Rm≥

F∂ k¿h-\maw D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv kwkm-cn-°m-dv. Rm≥
t]mIp∂p, Rm≥ \S-°p∂p, Rm≥ InS-°p∂p F∂n-ß-s\.
ChnsS Rm≥ F∂ hnh£ ico-c-Øns‚ Ne-\-ß-fpambn
_‘-s∏´p≈ XmZm-fly-Øn¬\n-∂mWv DS-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.
Rm≥ B\-µn-°p-∂p, Rm≥ Adn-bp-∂p, Rm≥ kvt\ln-°p-
∂p, Rm≥ shdp-°p∂p F∂p \mw ]d-bp-tºmƒ ChnsS
Rm≥ kq£va-X-e-Øn-emWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. shdp∏pw
kvt\lhpw F√mw am\-kn-I-X-e-ß-fn-ep≈ hnIm-c-ß-fm-Wv.
Rm≥ At∏mƒ a\- pambn XmZm-fly-s∏´ Hcp GI-I-am-Wv.
Ipd-®p-IqSn Bg-Øn-te°v \mw At\z-jn-®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ ico-
c-Øn¬\n∂pw a\- n¬\n∂pw hyXn-cn-‡-ambn Rm\n\v \ne-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 54
\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v A\p-`-h-am-Ipw. B Rm≥ ip≤-amb
Bflm-hm-Wv. Adn-hm-Wv. B Rm≥ kZm kpJn-bm-Wv. Rm≥
D≠v F∂ kXyw B¿°pw \ntj-[n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂n-√. Rm≥
C√ F∂p ]d-b-W-sa-¶n¬t]mepw Rm≥ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
Rm≥ Ds≠-∂-dn-bm\pw Cs√-∂-dn-bm\pw Rm≥ D≠m-bn-cn-
°- W w. AXp- s Im- ≠ mWv Kpcp Du∂n- ∏ - d - b p- ∂ Xv Rm≥
A⁄m-\-am-Ip∂ Iqcn-cp-´-s√∂v. A⁄m-\-Øn¬ Adnhv
Atijw {]Im-in-°p-I-bn-√. Iqcn-cp-´Øv Hcp Zriyhpw sXfn-
bm-Ø-Xp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂.- \mw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cnepw \√ Dd-°-
Øn¬t]mepw kpJ-ambn h¿Øn-°p∂ Rm≥ D≠v. B D◊
kpjp-]vXn-°p-t]mepw km£n-ssN-X-\y-am-bmWv h¿Øn-°p-
∂-Xv. Rm≥ Adn-hns‚ \nd™ shfn-®-am-Wv. Rm≥ Iqcn-cp-
´m-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥, Rm≥ F∂p-≈ t_m[w-t]mepw D≠m-
Ip-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Aßs\ A√t√m? Rm≥
ckn-°p-∂p, Rm≥ ZpxJn-°p∂p Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-tºm-sgm-
s°bpw Rm≥ AhnsS {]Im-in-°p-∂p-≠v.
AXp-sIm≠v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-™n-cn°m≥th≠n ]d-
™p-sIm-Sp-t°≠ H∂mWv Rm≥ Bflm-hm-sW-∂v. AXv Hcp
Ccp≠ hkvXphs√-∂v. Bflmhv kzbw-{]-Im-ia - m-W.v AXns‚
D◊sb X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-√; shfn-®-Øns‚ D◊sb Ccp-
ń\v \ncm-Ic- n-°m-\m-hm-ØX - p-t]mse. AXp-sIm≠v \mw ho≠pw
ho≠pw ]d-bW - w: Rm≥ A⁄m-\a - √
- , Rm≥ ⁄m\-am-Wv.
Rm≥ Ccp-´-√, Rm≥ shfn-®-am-Wv. Rm≥ ZpxJ-a-√, Rm≥
B\-µ-am-Wv. Rm≥ iq\y-X-b-√, Rm≥ \nd-hmWv F∂v.
“k¿hw ln k®n-Zmµw t\l \m\mkvXn In©\.” ˛ ChnsS
k®n-Zmµw am{X-ta-bp≈q. \m\m-Xz-ßƒ H∂pw-X-s∂-bn-√
F∂p {io\mcm-bW - K- pcp Z¿i-\a - m-eb
- n¬ ]d-bp-∂p. P\-ßsf
t_m[n-∏n-°p-hm-\mbn Kpcp sImSp-°p∂ G‰hpw henb D]-
tZiw shfn-®sØ tXSn \nßƒ Hcn-SØpw Ae-tb≠ F∂m-
Wv . ImcWw B shfn®w \nßƒX- s ∂- b m- W v . Hcn-
°¬t]mepw AW-bmsX Pzen-°p∂ \nß-fpsS \nP-kz-
cq]w.......
Btflm]tZiiXIw 55
19
ASn-ap-Sn-b-‰-a-Xp-≠n-Xp-≠-Xp-s≠˛
∂Sn-bn-Sp-am-Znak-Ø-bp-≈sX-√mw
PU-anXp k¿ha-\n-Xyamw Pe-Øn≥˛
hSn-hns\ hn´p Xcw-K-a-\y-amtam?
ASn ˛ ASn-bn-ep-≈-XmWv kXyw

apSn ˛ D∂-Xnbnep-≈-XmWv kXyw
A‰w ˛ A‰-Øp-≈-XmWv kXyw
AXp≠v ˛ AXp D≈-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv
CXp≠v ˛ CXp D≈-Xp-Xs- ∂-bmWv
AXp≠v ˛ AX-√, as‰m-∂mWv D≈Xv
F∂v ASn-bnSpw ˛ Cßs\ a\p-jy¿ shdptX
kXysØs®m√n hmZn-°p-∂p.
BZn-a-kØ ˛ F√m-‰n-t‚bpw BZn-bmb
Bfl-kØXs∂-bmWv
D≈-sX√mw ˛ _lp-hn-[-ambn ChnsS ImWp∂
\ma-cq-]-ß-sf-√mw.
CXp k¿hw ˛ C°m-Wm-hp-∂s- X√mw
A\n-Xyamw ˛ \mi-ap-≈X - mb
PUw ˛ PU-am-Wv.
Pe-Øn≥ hSn-hns\ hn´v ˛ Pe-Øns‚ kØ-bn¬\n∂pw
XcwKw ˛ Xnc
A\y-amtam? ˛ thdn-ń-cn-°p-∂XmtWm?
Cu {]]©w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp kØ-bpsS \m\m-

hn-[amb Bhn-jvIm-c-ß-fm-Wv. BIm-iØnepw `qan-
bnepw A¥-cn-£Ø - n-ep-ambn FÆa‰ hkvXp°sf \mw C{µn-
b-ßƒsIm≠v ImWp-∂p-≠v. BIm-i-Ønse \£-{X-ßfpw
`qan-bnse I√pw aÆpw hr£-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw kmK-chpw acp-`q-
anbpw arK-ßfpw a\p-jycpw F√mw Cu BZn-a-k-Ø-bpsS
Bhn-jvIm-c-ß-fm-Wv. Bhn-jvIr-X-amb F√m-‰n\pw Hmtcm
Btflm]tZiiXIw 56
cq]-ap-≠v. cq]sØ \mw Adn-bp-∂Xv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXm-
Wv. Aß-s\-bmWv FÆ-a-‰ \m-a-ßfpw FÆ-a‰ cq]-ßfpw
tN¿∂ hymh-lm-cn-I{- ]-]©w kwPm-Xa- m-Ip-∂X - v. \ma-cq-]ß
- f
- psS
_mlp-ey-Øm¬ \mw BZn-ak - Ø
- sb hnkvac- n-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. F∂n´v
hm°p-If - psS ambm-Pm-eØ
- n¬s]-ńs´-∂t- ]mse kXysØs®m√n
X¿°n-°m≥ XpS-ßp-∂p.
IÆp-sIm≠p ImWp∂ H∂ns\ am{Xta Rm≥ kXy-
ambn hniz-kn-°p-I-bp-≈q Fs∂m-cmƒ iTn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ
thsdm-cmƒ ]d-bp-∂p, ssZhw D∂-X-ß-fn¬ ad-™n-cn-°p∂p
F∂v. C\nsbmcmƒ ]d-bp-∂p, AXp-≈-X-√, CXmWv D≈-Xv
F∂v. B aXw icn-b-√, Cu aXw icn-sb∂v thsdmcp Iq´¿.
Aßs\ ]d™p]-d™v X¿°-Øn-te°pw ASn-]n-Sn-bn-
te°pw Ah-km\w bp≤-Øn-te°pw c‡-s®mcn-®n-en-te°pw
\bn-°p∂ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ß-fpsS A¿∞-iq-\yX Kpcp FSp-
ØpIm-Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv Cu ]Zy-Øn-eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv. D≈Xv
BZn-a-kØ am{Xw. ASn-˛-ap-Sn, Ahn-sS-˛-C-hn-sS, AXp-≠v-˛-C-
Xp≠v F∂-sXms° shdpw i_vZ-Pm-e-ßƒ am{Xw. AXp-
sIm-≠m-W-hsb PUw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. PU-h-kvXp-°ƒ
Aev]m-bp- p-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp Xncbv°v F{X-t\cw Pe-Øn¬ s]mßn-\n¬°m≥
Ignbpw? Aev]-t\cw am{Xw. Ipd®p Ign-™m¬ h∂n-S-tØ-
°p-Xs∂ Xnc Xncn-®p-t]m-Ipw. Xnc Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv h∂Xv?
Pe-Øn¬\n-∂.v Pe-amWv Xnc-bpsS BZn-ak- Ø
- . Pe-Øn¬\n∂v
thdn-s´mcp AkvXnX Xnc-b° v n-√. Xnc A\n-Xy-am-W.v Pew
\nXy-am-W.v CsXmcp DZm-lc- Ww am{X-am-W.v Cu DZm-lc - W
- -
Øn-eqsS Bfl-kØ - b- psS \nXy-Xzhpw \ma-cq-]ß
- f
- psS A\n-
Xy-Xzhpw Kpcp hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F√m X¿°-ßfpw A⁄m\-
Øn¬\n∂pw P\n-°p-∂X - m-Wv. ⁄m\-Øn¬ X¿°w Hgn-™p-
t]m-Ip-∂p. t_m[w sXfn-hp‰ kXysØ Z¿in-°p-∂p. hnZzm≥
\ AXn-hmZo `hXn ˛ ⁄m\n AXn-hmZw sNøp-∂n√ F∂v
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jØv FSpØp ]d-bp-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 57
20
De-In\p thsdmcp kØ-bn-√-Xp-s≠˛
∂pe-I-cp-c-∏Xp k¿haq-l-lo\w
Pf\p hnte-ibsa∂p tXm∂n-bmepw
\e-an-bepw ae¿ame \mK-amtam?
De-In\v ˛ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb {]]-©-Øn\v

thsdmcp kØ-bn√ ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬\n∂pw `n∂-ambn
thsdmcp kØ-bn-√.
AXp-s≠∂v ˛ Chn-sS-Im-Wp∂ Hmtcm-∂n\pw
thsd-thsd D◊-bp-s≠∂v
De-I¿ Dc-∏Xv ˛ P\-ßƒ ]d-™p-t]m-cp-∂Xv
k¿hw ˛ F√mw
Dul-lo\w ˛ bp‡n-bp-‡-a-√.
Pf\v ˛ A⁄m-\n°v
hnte-ibw ˛ ]mºv
F∂p tXm∂n-bmepw ˛ Ds≠∂p tXm∂n-bmepw
\ew Cbepw ˛ tNtXm-lc- a- mb
ae¿ame ˛ ]qame
\mK-amtam? ˛ ]mºmbn amdptam?
F √m a\p-jycpw tbmKm-flI-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-h-c-√.

tbmKm-flI - h
- n-Nmcw XØz-Nn-¥m-tem-IØv `mc-XØ
- ns‚
X\-Xmb kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ ka-{Khpw kao-Ir-
X-hp-am-°pI tbmKm-fl-I-hn-Nm-c-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.
GsXmcp Nn¥-bpsSbpw ka-{K-X°v hy‡-amb Hcp ASn-
Ød D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. {]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®v hnNmcw \S-Ønb
`mc-Xo-b- E-jn-Iƒ sNs∂-Øn-bXv Htc-sbmcp Imc-WØ - n¬\n-
∂mWv Imcy-cq-]-ß-fmb Cu {]]©w Bhn¿`q-X-ambn ImW-
s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂ \n›-b-Øn-em-Wv. {]]-©-Im-c-WsØ ASn-
ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Nn¥n-®m¬ am{Xta Nn¥ ka-{K-am-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 58
hp-I-bp-≈q. Kpcp De-Ins‚ kØsb k¿h-k-am-t«-jn-bmb
BZn- a - I m- c - W - a mbn FSp- Ø p- I m- W n- ° p- ∂ p. \m\m- X z-
ßƒs°√mw Ccn-∏nSw \¬Ip∂ Cu GI-k-Øbn¬ ka-
\z-bn-°mØ hnNm-c-sa√mw bp‡n-lo-\-am-Wv. Kpcp Dul-
lo\w F∂mWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]c-a-Im-c-W-am-b Bfl-
k-Ø-bn¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw tbmPn-∏n®p a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ
B Nn¥ bp‡n-bp-‡-am-Wv. Imc-W-Øn¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn
Hcp ImcyØn-\pw \ne-\n¬°m-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Ifn-a-Æn-s\-°q-
SmsX IpS-Øn-s\-ßs\ \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ignbpw? AXp-
sIm≠v Kpcp Dd-∏n-®p-Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p: ""De-In\p thsdmcp
kØ-bn√'' F∂v. CXp tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Cu temIw iq\y-
am-sW-∂√ a\- n-em-t°≠Xv; temI-Øn-ep-≈ F√m-‰n\pw
A¿∞-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Htc-sbmcp BZn-a-k-Ø-Xs∂-bm-Wv
F∂m-Wv.
shfn®-°p-d-hp-aqew ]qame ImWp-tºmƒ òcp-hn\v AXv
]mºm-sW∂ {àw D≠m-Imw. hnte-ibw ]mºm-Wv. ]qam-e-
bpsS BIm-chpw ]mºns‚ BIm-chpw kam-\-am-Wv. AXp-
sIm≠v aqV\v D≠m-Ip∂ sX‰n-≤m-c-Wsb, Adn-hp-≈ Hcmƒ
h∂v Xncp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. ]mºmsW∂p hnNm-cn®v `b-
s∏´ Abm-fpsS a\- n¬ ]qame ImWp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂
B›-cy-\n¿`-c-amb kt¥mjw Kpcp FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂p.
thZm-¥-Ønse Ibdpw ]mºpw F∂ ZrjvSm-¥-Øn\v Hcp
am‰w hcpØn Ib-dns‚ ÿm\Øv ]qam-esb {]Xn-jvTn-°p-
I-bmWv Kpcp sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu am‰w ]mc-º-cy-Nn-¥-bnse Hcp
Zm¿i-\n-I-hn-π-h-am-Wv. kq£va-X-e-ß-fn¬ CØcw sIm®p-
hn-πh
- ß
- ƒ Kpcp At\Iw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. BZn-ak - Ø shdpw
{]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-b H∂√. AXn¬ \nln-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂
B\-µ-amWv AXns‚ aqeyw. ]qam-e-bm-sW∂p Xncn-®-dn-bp-
ºmƒ AXv IqSp-X¬ {]nbw P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠mWv
thZm-¥-Ønse ÿncw ZrjvSm-¥-amb Ib-dn-s\-am‰n ]qam-
esb Kpcp {]Xn-jvTn-®-Xv. {]tbm-P-\-aq-ey-sØ-bmWv ChnsS
IqSp-X¬ Du∂n-∏-dbp-∂-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 59
21
{]nb-sam-cp-Pm-Xn-bn-sX≥{]nbw XzZo-b˛
{]nb-a]c-{]n-b-sa-∂-t\-I-ambn
{]nb-hn-j-bw-{]Xn h∂nSpw {àw X≥˛
{]nba]-c-{]n-b-sa∂-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
{]nbw Hcp PmXn ˛ Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabp≈q.

CXv F≥ {]nbw ˛ CXv Fs‚ CjvSw,
XzZo-b{- ]nbw ˛ \ns‚ CjvSw,
A]-c-{]nbw ˛ thsdm-cp-hs‚ CjvSw
F∂v At\-I-ambn ˛ F∂ Xc-Øn¬ Htc {]nbw-Xs∂
At\-I-{]n-b-ß-fmbnØocp-∂-Xv.
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn ˛ CjvSh- n-jb
- ßfn¬
h∂nSpw {àw ˛ D≠m-Ip∂ {àw \nanØ-amWv.
X≥{]nbw ˛ Xs‚ {]nb-amWv
A]-c-{]nbw ˛ thsdm-cp-h-s‚bpw {]nbw
F∂v Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ F∂p-≈ kXyw a\- n-em-°-Ww.
{]n bw B\-µa - m-Wv. B\-µØ

- n-te-°p≈ Pohn-If
- psS D∑p-
JX P∑-k-l-P-am-Wv. B\-µ-Øns‚ Ccn-∏nSw Hmtcm
Pohn-bnepw AXns‚ AI-ta-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]pdta Xnc-bp-∂Xv
B\-µ-Øns‚ Ccn-∏nSw Adn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. B\µw
hnj-b-ÿn-X-a-√, Bfl-ÿn-X-am-Wv. AXv Ht∂-bp-≈q. At\-
I-an-√. a\- ns‚ A`n-c-an-°m-\p≈ hmk-\-sb-bmWv {]nb-
ambn FÆp-∂-Xv. B {]nbw kq£vam¿∞-Øn¬ Bfl-{]n-b-
am-Wv. Bflmhv GI-amWv. Bflm-hnse {]nbhpw GI-am-Wv.
AXp-sIm≠v AXv Hcp PmXn F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. PmXn
F∂-Xn\v Xcw Ft∂ A¿∞-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≈p. F√m Pohn-
I-fnepw kpJw A\p-`-hn-°m-\p≈ {]h-WX GI-am-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv {]nbw Hcp PmXn F∂v Kpcp FSp-Øp-]d™n-
cn-°p-∂X- v. ZpxJn-°p-hm≥ Bcpw CjvSs∏Sm-dn-√. AXp-sIm≠v
Btflm]tZiiXIw 60
ZpxJn-°m-\p≈ {]h-WX {]nb-ambn hcn-I-bn-√. ZpxJsØ
Hgn-hm-°m-\mWv Hmtcm Pohnbpw {ian-°p-∂-Xv. ZpxJsØ
Hgn-hm-°p-∂Xv Bfl-{]n-b-X-sIm-≠m-Wv. Bflm-hn¬ kl-
P-ambn IpSn-sIm-≈p∂ B\-µ-\n¿`-c-X-bm-emWv Bflm-hn¬
F√m Pohn-Iƒ°pw {]nbw P\n-°p-∂-Xv. Bflm-hm-Is´
GIhpw k¿hhym-]n-bp-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ Poh-\nse Al-¥m-a-a-Xm-Zn-Iƒ ImcWw Hcp-
h≥ hnj-b-tem-ep-]-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. hnj-b-Øn-emWv B\-
µ-an-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ {àw \nan-Ø-amWv hnj-b-Øn¬ Hcp-
h\v {]nbw P\n-°p-∂-Xv. {àw F∂Xv A⁄m-\-P-\y-amb
sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bm-Wv. Ak-XysØ kXy-ambn Icp-Xp-∂-XmWv
{àw. Ak-Xy-amb temI-hn-j-b-ßƒ kXy-sa∂p Icp-Xp-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv hnj-b-{]n-b-X-bn¬ Du∂n-\n-∂p-
sIm≠v Pohn-°p-hm≥ hy‡n-Iƒ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. {àw Hcp-h-
\n¬ i‡-am-Ip-tºmƒ Ahs‚ CjvS-ap-≈ hnj-b-ßfpw
hyXy-kvXßfmbn-cn-°pw. Bfl-{]nbw ad-∂p-t]mbn B
ÿm\Øv hnj-b-{]nbw h∂p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv A⁄m-\w \nan-Ø-
am-Wv. Aß-s\-bmWv Fs‚ CjvSw, \ns‚ CjvSw, Ah-cpsS
CjvSw F∂n-ß-s\- CjvSm-\n-jvS-ßƒ _lp-e-ß-fmbn h∂v
Bfl-{]n-b-Øn\v hn`-P\w kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. CXp am‰n-sb-Sp-
°-W-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v {]nb-s∏-´-Xmbn tXm∂p∂ Hcp Imcyw
thsdm-cmƒ°pw {]nbw Df-hm-°p∂ Ah-t_m-[-Øn¬ ka-
RvP-k-ambn tN¿°Ww. Bflm-hn¬ \njvT-bp≈ Hcmƒ°v
thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJsØ l\n-°m-sX-Xs∂ Xs‚ kpJsØ
Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. Xs‚ kpJw thsdm-cm-fpsS kpJ-Øn\v
tlXp-I-amb coXn-bn¬ ]I-cp-hm\pw Ign-bpw. ⁄m\n-Iƒ
temI-Øn\v ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØ amXrI AXm-Wv. BXy-¥n-
I-ambn {]nb-hkvXp Bflmhp am{X-amWv. Bflm-hp-X-s∂-
bmWv k¿h-hp-ambn {]Xn-`m-kn-°p-∂-Xv. C°mcyw Ft∏mgpw
Hm¿ΩthWw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 61
22
{]nb-a-]-cs‚bsX≥{]nbw, kzIo-b˛
{]nb-a-]-c-{]n-b-an-{]-Im-c-amIpw
\b-a-Xn-\mse \c∂p \∑ \evIpw
{Inb-b-]-c-{]n-b-tl-Xp-hmbv htc-Ww.
{]nb-a-]-cs‚ ˛ thsdm-cp-hs‚ {]nbw GXmtWm

AsX≥{]nbw ˛ AsX-s‚bpw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.
kzIo-b-{]nbw ˛ F\n°p {]nb-s∏-´-Xv
A]-c-{]nbw ˛ as‰m-cp-h\pw {]nb-am-bv hc-Ww.
C{]-Im-c-amIpw \bw ˛ CXmWv Pohn-XsØ ka-c-k-s∏-
Sp-Øm\p≈ Hcp t]mwh-gn.
AXn-\mse ˛ {]nbw GI-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-Im-cWw
\c∂p \∑\¬Ipw{Inb ˛ Hcp-h\v \∑-bp-≠m-°p∂ {]hrØn
A]-c-{]n-b- ˛ thsdm-cp-h-s‚bpw kpJ-Øn-\v
tlXp-hmbv htcWw ˛ Imc-Wa- m-bn-Øoc-Ww.
Po hn-X-Øn\v \s√mcp s]cp-am-‰-®n´ thWw. AXn-s√-¶n¬

PohnXw Ae-t¶m-e-am-bn-Øo-cpw. [m¿Ωn-I-amb Hcp
hyh-ÿnXn {]]-©k - r-jvSn-bn¬Øs∂ A¥¿eo-\a - mbn InS-
°p-∂p-≠v. ]c-kv]cw CW-ßn-\n¬°p∂ Hcp hyh-ÿ-bmWv
{]]-©-Øn¬ \mw BIth ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. Cu
CW°w kl-P-am-Wv. am\p-jn-I-X-e-Øn-te°v hcp-tºmƒ
krjvSn-{]-{In-b-bnse kl-P-amb Xmfw `RvPn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-
Im-Wmw. a\p-jy≥ bp‡n-]q¿hw Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcp Pohn-bm-
Wv. Ahs‚ bp‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w Xt‚-Xp-am-{X-amb
kpJ-XX- v]c- X
- b
- m-Wv. thsdm-cm-fpsS Pohn-XØ
- n\v F¥p kw`-
hn-®mepw Xs∂ AsXm∂pw _m[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂v aqV-
ambn Ah≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p. Cu aqV-hn-izmkw {]]-©-Øns‚
[m¿Ωn-I-hy-h-ÿ°v FXn-cm-Wv. a\p-jy≥ Hgn-sI-bp≈ a‰p
Btflm]tZiiXIw 62
Pohn-Iƒs°√mw Cuiz-c≥Xs∂ IrXy-amb s]cp-am-‰® - n-Í
- ƒ
\¬In-bn-´p-≠v. a\p-jy-s\mcp tXm∂ym-kn-bm-Wv. tXm∂ymkw
]e-t∏mgpw [m¿Ωn-Ie - w-L\w IqSn-bm-W.v hy‡n-bpsS Xmt¥m-
∂n-Øc - sØ Ah-t_m-[Ø - ns‚ shfn-®Ø - n-emWv Xncp-tØ-
≠-Xv. AXn-\p≈ \b-amWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂X - v.
\ap°p tXm∂n-b-Xp-t]m-se-sb√mw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
Fhn-tSbpw kwL¿jw am{Xta ap‰n-\n¬°p-I-bp-≈q. {]nb-
Øns‚ Xe- Ø n¬ hcp∂ ]nSnhm- i n- I ƒsIm- ≠ mWv
kwL¿j-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂X - v. P
- o-hn-XØ
- n¬ ka-\zbw sIm≠p-
h-cW
- s- a-¶n¬ \mw Nne \o°p-t]m-°p-I-sfms° \S-Ø-Ww.
AXn\p Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Hcp ASn-Ød-bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
H∂m-a-Xmbn, {]nb-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w Bfl-k-Ø-bm-sW-
∂-dn-bp-I. Bflm-hns‚ {]nbw F√m-h-cp-tSbpw {]nb-am-Wv.
AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns‚ {]nb-Øn-te°v tNcp-∂-Xns‚
`mK-ambn \mw {]mY-an-I-ambn sNtø-≠Xv thsdm-cm-fpsS
CjvS-tØbpw \ΩpsS CjvS-Øns‚ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-te°v
sIm≠p-h-cm≥ ]Tn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
thsdm-cmƒ°v CjvS-s∏´ Imcyw \ap-°pw-IqSn CjvS-
s∏´phcp-tºmƒ \mw Aev]wIqSn hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-Øo-
cp-∂p. At∏mƒ \ap°v {]nb-¶-c-am-b H∂v thsdm-cmƒ°pw
{]nb-¶-c-am-bn-Øo-cpw. \mw temI-Øn-\p-th≠n Pohn-°p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ temIw \ap-°p-th-≠nbpw Pohn-°pw. \mw
Cuiz-c-\p-th≠n Pohn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cuiz-c≥ \ap-°p-
th-≠nbpw Pohn-°pw. `K-h-ZvKo-X-bn¬ AXmWv ]c-kv]cw
`mh-b¥x˛]c-kv]cw {]km-Zn-∏n-°pI F∂p ]d-bp-∂X- v. AXp-
sIm≠v F\n°v \∑-bp≠m-°p∂ {]hrØn thsdm-cm-fpsS
Pohn-X-Øn\p Xn∑-bmbn hcm≥ ]mSn-√. A{X-am{Xw Icp-
X-temSpw Dƒsh-fn-thm-Spw-IqSn Pohn-®m¬ am{Xta {]nb-
ß-fnse kzc-e-bsØ ImØp-kq-£n-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bp-
I-bp-≈q.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 63
23
A]-c-\p-th-≠n-b-l¿\niw {]bXv\w
Ir]-WX hn´p Ir]mep sNbvXn-Sp∂p
Ir]-W-\-t[m-ap-J-\mbv InS-∂p-sNøp˛
∂]-P-b-I¿Ωah-∂p-th≠n am{Xw.
A]-c-\p-th≠n ˛ thsdm-cmƒ°p-th≠n
Al¿\niw ˛ cm∏-I¬ t`-Z-an-√msX
Ir]-WX hn´v ˛ kzm¿∞X If™v
{]bXv\w ˛ I¿Ω-ßƒ
Ir]mep sNbvXn-Sp∂p ˛ Ir]bp-≈-h≥ sNøp∂p.
Ir]-W≥ ˛ kzm¿∞≥
At[m-ap-J-\mbv InS∂v ˛ A[-aamb kpJ-t`m-Kß
- f
- n¬ apgpIn
A]-P-b-I¿Ωw ˛ [¿Ω-hntcm-[n-bmb I¿Ωw
Ah-∂p-th-≠n--am{Xw ˛ Xs‚ am{Xw kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n
sNøp∂p ˛ sNøp∂p.
Ir ]-WX
- bpw Ir]m-ep-Xzhpw ]c-kv]c
at\m-`m-hß - f
- h - n-tcm-[n-If
- m-Wv. Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Cu c≠v at\m-`m-hß
Gdnbpw Ipd™pw amdn-amdn h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X
- mb c≠v
- ƒ
- p-Im-Wmw.
_p≤\pw tbiphpw \_nbpw \mcm-bW - K - p-cphpw Ir]m-ep-°-
fm-Wv. ln‰v -edpw apt m-fn-\nbpw Ae-Ivkm-≠dpw sN¶n-
kvJm\pw Ir]-W-∑m-cm-Wv. Ah¿ shń-∏n-Sn-°m≥ {ian-®Xv
Ah-cpsS Al-¶m-c-[m¿jvSy-ßfn¬\n-∂m-Wv. Ir]m-ep-°ƒ
temI-Øn-\p-th≠n Xs∂-Øs∂ \nth-Zn-®h - c
- m-Wv. Hcp apS-
¥-\mb Bń≥Ip-ńsb c£n-°p-hm-\mbn {io_p-≤≥ kz¥w
inc v Ipcp-Xn-°-√n¬ sh®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp
Ip™p-dp-ºp-Is - f-t∏mepw t\mhn-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂ a\ v hf¿Øn-
sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂v \tΩmSv ]d-™p. Alnw-k-bn-emWv Ir]-
bpsS Ccn-∏n-Sw. Ir] XnI®pw ssZhn-Ia - mb Hcp KpW-am-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 64
kl-Po-hn-If - nepw Xs‚ Pohs‚ XpSn-∏p-Iƒ sXm´-dn-bp-∂h - -
\mWv Ir]m-ep. Ir]mep F¥p sNøp-tºmgpw AXv k¿hØn-
t‚bpw lnXw am\n-®m-Wv sNøp-I. Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw thZ-\bpw
bmX-\bpw ImWp-tºmƒ Ir]m-ep-hns‚ a\w Aen-bpw. Ah-
cpsS ZpxJ-\n-hm-cW - Ø- n-\p-th≠n Ir]mep X\n-°m-hp-∂s - X√mw
sNøp-∂p. an° a\p-jycpw kz¥w `mcy, Ipń-Iƒ F∂ IpSp-
mb XmXv]c - y-ßf- n¬am{Xw HXpßn°q-Sp-∂h - c
- m-W.v - A-Xn-\-
∏p-ds
- Ømcp temI-ap-s≠∂v Ah¿ Nn¥n-°m≥t]mepw sa\-
s°-Sm-dn-√. Aßs\bp≈ at\m-`m-hs - Ø-bmWv Ir]-WX F∂v
Kpcp hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂X - .v
F∂-tØ-°mfpw Ir]-WX C∂p P\-ßf - n¬ Bth-in-®n-
cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp `qXm-th-iw-t]mse P\w kzm¿∞-Xb - psS
IpSp- mb IpSpw-_] - ›
- m-Øe - Ø - n-te°v Dƒh-en-™p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p-∂XmWv \mw ImWp-∂X - v. Cu Dƒh-en-b-ens\ AWp-
Ip-Spw_w (nuclear family) F∂mWv hnfn°p-∂-Xv. A—\pw
AΩbpw aI\pw aIfpw am{Xw AS-ßp∂ Hcp IpSpw-_w. Ah-
cpsS kpJw am{X-amWv Ah¿ At\z-jn-°p-∂X - v. kpJw Is≠-
Øp-hm-\p-≈ {]bm-WØ - n¬ F{X Bfp-Isf thW-sa-¶nepw
ZpxJn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ aSn ImWn-°p-∂n-√. CXmWv Ir]-Ws‚
Pohn-Xc - o-Xn. Ir]-W≥ Xs‚ t\´-Øn-\p-th≠n kl-Po-hn-I-
sf-sb√mw Nhn-ń-sa-Xn®v IS-∂p-t]m-Ipw. BsI a\p-jycpsS
BsI \∑-sb-°p-dn®v Ah-s\mcp hnNm-chpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pI-
bn-√. Aßs\ hnNm-ca - n-√m-Øh - s‚ I¿Ωw Zqjn-Xa - mb I¿Ω-
am-Wv. AXn-s\-bmWv A]-P-b-I¿Ωw F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.
B[p-\n-I-tem-IØv I≠p-h-cp∂ D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIrXn Ir]-
W- X - b psS Cu‰n- √ - Ø n¬\n∂pw P\n®v am\- h - c m- i nsb
Im¿∂p-Xn-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hnj-en]vX at\m-`m-h-amWv.
AXv Hcp A¿_p-Z-am-bn hfcpw. AXp a\p-jys\ hne-a-Xn-
°p-I-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv, Ah-a-Xn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. \√
Hcp Pohn-X-Øn\v AXp-sIm≠v \Ω-fnse Ir]-WX If-bp-I.
Ir]m-ep-XzsØ DW¿Øn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-I. temI-Øn\p
kzkvXn `hn-°s - ´.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 65
24
Ah-\n-hs- \-∂d- n-bp-∂s- Xm-s°-tbm¿Øm˛
eh-\n-bn-e- m-Zn-aa- m-sbm-cm-flc- q]w
Ah-\h - \- m-flk - p-JØ - n-\m-Nc- n-°p˛
∂h-b] - c- ∂p kpJ-Øn-\mbv htc-Ww.
Ah≥ Ch≥ F∂v ˛ Ah≥ F∂pw Ch≥ F∂pw \mw

Adn-bp-∂-sXms° ˛ thsd thsd Adn-bp-∂-sXms°
Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ hnNn-¥\w sNbvXm¬
Ah-\n-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
BZn-a-amb ˛ krjvSn°pw \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp Bfl-cq]w ˛ Htc-sbmcp Bfl-k-Xyta D≈q.
Ah\h≥ ˛ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw
Bfl-kp-J-Øn\v ˛ kz¥w kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n
BN-cn-°p-∂h ˛ sNøp∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ
A]-c∂v ˛ a‰p-≈h¿°pw-IqSn
kpJ-Øn-\mbv htcWw ˛ kpJw \¬I-Ww.
tem I-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp Bfl-kØ

k-Øb
- tb D≈q. B Bfl-
- mWv F∂nepw \n∂nepw Ah-\nepw Ch-\nepw
Hs° B[m-c-k-Ø-bmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v. B kØ-bn¬\n-
∂mWv Rm\pw \nßfpw Cu {]]-©hpw Bhn¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. BZnaw F∂ hnti-jWw k¿h-{]m-Wn-Iƒ°pw _oP-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv ChnsS {]bp-‡-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Htc-sbmcp amXm-hn¬\n-∂mWv \Ω-sf-√m-hcpw
DS-se-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. km[m-c-W-bmbn a\p-jy≥ I¿Ωw
sNøp-tºmtgm kw`mjW-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-tºmtgm C°m-cy-
sam∂pw Hm¿°m-dn-√. AXp-sIm≠v ‘Ah≥’ F∂p \Ωƒ ]d-
bp-tºmƒ \Ω-n¬\n∂pw A\y-amb GtXm Hcp hy‡n-bmWv
Ah≥ F∂ tXm∂-emWv Df-hm-Ip-∂X - v. Hcp lnµp ]d-bpw:
Ah≥ {InkvXym-\nbm-Wv, Ah≥ ap…o-amWv Fs∂ms°.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 66
{InkvXym-\nbpw ap…oapw CtX-t]m-se-Xs∂ lnµphn-s\-∏-
‰nbpw "Ah≥' F∂p ]d-bpw. cmjv{So-bØ - nepw ImWmw Cß-
s\-bp-≈ tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ. Ah≥ IΩyq-Wn-Ãm-Wv, tIm¨{K-
mWv, _nsP-]n-bmWv Fs∂m-s°. Fß-s\-bmWv Cu
A\yXzw \Ω-nt- e°p IS-∂p-hc - p-∂Xv? \mw \ΩpsS imco-cn-I-
k-Ø-sb-bmWv Rm\mbn Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. imco-cn-I-k-Ø-bpsS
AkvXn-XzsØ am\-Z-WvU-am°n h®p-sIm-≠mWv \ΩpsS
temI-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu {]mY-an-I-
amb sX‰ns\ Xncp-ØmsX temI-Øn¬ ka-\zbhpw kam-
[m-\hpw sIm≠p-hc - m-\mhp-Ib
- n-√.
\Ω-psS hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw aX-t_m-[-\-Øn-ep-sa√mw
Cu sX‰v Bh¿Øn®v Dd-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Htc-sbmcp
Bfl-k-Ø-bmWv k¿h-N-cm-N-c-ß-fnepw kXy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-
sX∂ A\p-`-h-t_m[am-bn-cn-°Ww Hcp a\p-jys\ DZm-Ø-
am-t°-≠-Xv. Aßs\bmWv Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ kpJ-Øn-\mbn
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv F√m-h-cp-tSbpw kpJ-Øn\v tlXp-hmbn
`hn-°p-∂Xv. Chn-sS-bmcpw \Ωn¬\n∂v A\y-c√. Bflm-
hn¬\n∂pw AI-∂-h-c-√. hymh-lm-cn-I-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p-th≠n
am{Xw Ah≥, Ch≥ Fs∂ms° ]d-bmw. AXp-sIm≠mWv
Kpcp A]-c≥ F∂ hm°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°p-∂Xv. A]-c≥
F∂m¬ ]c≥ A√m-Ø-h≥. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ thsd-bm-sW-
¶nepw ]c-am¿∞-Øn¬ X∂n¬\n∂pw thsd-b-√mØ-h≥.
C°mcyw \√-hÆw a\\w sNbvXp-d∏ - n®v I¿Ωw sNøptºmƒ
temI-Øns‚ im¥n-°p-th≠n apd-hnfn Iqt´≠ Bh-iy-an-
√. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-c-hcpsS im¥n°p-th≠n Bfl-t_m-
[-tØmsS I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ AXv ka-kvX-Xbv°pw kpJ-
I-c-ambn `hn-°pw. F√m-h-cnepw im¥n kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h∂p-
tN¿∂psIm-≈pw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 67
25
Hcph-\p-\√-Xpa\y-\-√epw tN¿˛
s∏mcp sXmgn-em-flh - n-tcm-[n-tbm¿Øn-tS-Ww.
]c\p ]cw ]cn-Xm-]-ta-In-Sp-t∂m˛
sccn-\-c-Im-_v[n-bn¬ hosW-cn-™n-Sp-∂p.
Hcp-h\p \√Xpw ˛ Hcmƒ°v \∑ hcp-Øp-∂Xpw

A\y\v A√epw ˛ thsdm-cmƒ°v ZpxJhpw
tN¿s∏mcp sXmgn¬ ˛ hcp-Øn-h-bv°p-∂-Xmb {]hrØn
Bfl-hn-tcm[n ˛ Bflm-hnse kl-P-amb
sFIyØn\v \nc-°p∂-X-√.
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw ad-∂p-t]m-Im≥ ]mSn-√.
]c\v ˛ thsdm-cmƒ°v
]cw- ]-cn-Xm]w ˛ ]c-a-amb thZ-\sb
GIn-Sp-t∂m¿ ˛ Gev]n-°p-∂-h¿
Fcn-\-cIm-_v[n-bn¬ ˛ IØn-sb-cn-bp∂ \c-I-k-am-\-
amb ZpxJ-°-S-en¬
hoWv Fcn-™n-Sp∂p ˛ hoWv Xo{h-ambn t\mh-\p-`-hn-
t°≠n hcp-∂p.
B flm-hnemWv F√mw kzc-e-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv. kl-P-

amb Hcp sFIyw Bflm-hn-\p-≠v. Bflm-hn¬ H∂pw-
Xs∂ ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-°p-∂n-√. a\ v Ie-l-`q-an-bm-Wv.
Ipcp-t£-{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Bfl-t_m-[n-bmb Hcmƒ
I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ AXp ka-kvX-X°pw lnX-I-c-ambn `hn-
°p-∂p. Hcp XSm-I-Ønse \n›-e-P-e-cm-in-bn-te°v sNdn-
sbmcp Is√-Sp-sØ-dn-™m¬ aXn, AXn¬ Ae-If - psS Btµm-
f\w D≠-mIm≥. Ae-am-e-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv, AXns‚ kzm`m-
hn-I-amb kz—-X-bn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-hm\m-Wv. AXpt]m-se-
Bflmhv AXns‚ kz—-X-bn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-hm≥ {iaw
\S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]ecnepw imco-cn-Ihpw
am\-kn-I-hp-amb XmZm-fly-t_m[Øm¬ BssflIyw \jvS-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 68
s∏-Sm-dp-≠v, ad-™p-t]m-Im-dp-≠v. Hcmƒ°v \∑ hcp-Øp∂
{]hrØn thsdm-cmƒ°v Xn∑ hcp-ØpI-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv
Bflm-hns‚ sFIyØn\p \nc-°p-∂-X-√. AXp-sIm≠v
AXns\ Kpcp Bfl-hn-tcm[n F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. t_m[-]q¿hw
Nne¿ a‰p-≈h¿°v D]-{Zhw Gev]n-°m-dp-≠v, a‰p-≈-hsc
]oUn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. Xs‚ kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n thsdm-cp-hs‚
Poh-s\-t∏mepw l\n-°p-hm≥ Nne¿ DZy-an-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-
bp-≈-h¿ sImSpw-]m-X-In-I-fm-Wv.
Hcp-hs‚ I¿Ωw \√-Xm-sW-¶n¬ \√ êsØ Ah\v
In´pw. NoØ I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-h\v k¥m-]sØ D≠m-°p∂
ê-amWv e`n-°p-I. \man∂p ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬
B ZpxJ-Øn\p tlXp-I-amb I¿Ω-ßƒ \mw Ft∏mtgm
sNbvXn´p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠v thsdm-cmƒ°v Icp-Xn-°qń ]cn-
Xm]w Gev]n-°p-∂-h¿ \c-Im-·n°v kam-\-amb ZpxJ-°-S-
en¬ hoWv IØn-sb-cn-bpw. Bflmhv kzbta AXns‚ GI-
Xm-\-X-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-sa-¶nepw I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-h\v I¿Xr-
Xz-t_m[w Df-f-Xn-\m¬ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS ê-ßfpw Ah≥
Xs∂ G‰p-hm-tß≠n hcpw. acn-®X - n\p tij-sam∂pw BIW
sa∂n-√. Cu P∑-Øn¬Xs∂ I¿Ω-êw AXns‚ I¿Øm-
hn-te°p Xncn®p hcmw. \cIw F∂ hm°v ZpxJ-Øns‚ Xo{hm-
h-ÿsb ImWn-°p-hm-\m-W.v AsXmcp {]tXyI {]hn-iy-b-√.
\c-I-bm-X-\-Iƒ Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw \nß-fn-te°p
Xncn®p hcmw. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns‚ GI-Xm-\X - °v \nc-
°p∂ I¿Ω-ßƒ am{Xw A\p-jT v n-°p-I. ZpjvS-em-°p≈ I¿Ω-
ßƒ Dt]-£n-°p-I. [m¿ΩnIPohn-XsØ hne-bp-≈-Xmbn
Icp-Xp-∂-h¿ Cu D]-tZiw \√-hÆw Hm¿Øn-cn-°-Ww.
Alnw-k-bmWv ]c-a-amb [¿Ωw F∂v Ejn-am¿ Z¿in-®n-
cp∂p. I¿Ω-Øn¬ lnwk-bp-s≠-¶n¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn AXv
Bfl-hn-tcm-[n-bm-Ip-∂p. Bflm-hnse \nebpw Pohn-XØ - nse
lnwkm-cm-ln-Xyhpw Hcp-an-∏n®p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv tbmKm-
fl-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ cl-ky-am-Wv. Cu Hm¿Ω {]Im-i-h-Øm-
bn-cn-°-s´.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 69
26
Ah-b-h-sam-s°-b-a¿Øn-bm-Wn-bmbv \n˛
∂hb-hn-bm-hn-sb-bm-h-cn-®n-Sp∂p
Ah-\n-h-s\-∂-Xn-\m-e-h≥ \n\-bv°p˛
∂h-i-X-bm-a-hn-th-I-sam-∂n-\mte.
Ah-bhw Hs° ˛ F√m Ah-b-h-ß-tfbpw

Aa¿Øn ˛ kzh-i-K-am°n
BWn-bmbv \n∂v ˛ Hcp tI{µ-_nµp-hmbn h¿Øn-°p∂
Ah-bhn ˛ Poh≥
Bhnsb ˛ Bflm-hns\
Bh-cn-®n-Sp∂p ˛ ad-®p-I-f-bp∂p.
AXn-\m¬ ˛ AXn-\m¬
Ah-iX- bmw ˛ kzmfl-k-Ø-bmb Bflm-hn\p
hi-s∏-SmØ
Ahn-thIw ˛ t_m[-iq-\yX
H∂n-\mte ˛ H∂p \nan-Ø-ambn
Ah≥ Ch≥ F∂v ˛ Ah≥ thsd Ch≥ thsd F∂
Xc-Øn¬
Ah≥ \n\-bv°p∂p ˛ Ah-i\ - mb Ahn-thIn \n\-bv°p-∂p.
B wKe-`m-j-bn¬ Ah-b-h-Øn\v organ F∂mWv ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. \nc-h[n Ah-b-h-ßƒ H∂n-®p-tN¿∂v kzbta
{]h¿Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-tºmƒ AsXmcp organism B-bnØocp-
∂p. \Ω-psS ico-c-Ønepw Iptd-tbsd Ah-b-h-ßfp≠v. Cu
Ah-b-h-ß-sfms° tXm∂n-b-Xp-t]m-se-b√ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
Xv. ssI Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v C—n-°p-∂Xpw Im¬ hen-°-W-
sa∂v C—n-°p-∂Xpw Cu Ah-b-h-ß-sf-sbms° CW-°n-
\n¿Øp∂ Ah-b-hn-bm-Wv. Ah-b-hn F∂p ]d-™m¬ orga-
nizer. Ah-b-hnsbbmWv Poh≥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Npa-cn¬
Xdbv°p∂ Hcp BWn-t]mse Poh≥ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 70
ßƒ°pw tI{µo-Ir-X-t\-XrXzw \¬Ip-∂p. ]t£, Poh-\m-
Is´ imco-cn-I-Xm-Zm-fly-Øm¬ hymtam-ln-X-\m-Wv. Xs‚ ico-
c-amWv Xs‚ kØ F∂v Poh≥ sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xs‚
icn-bmb kØ ico-ca - √ - , Bflm-hmWv F∂v [-cn-°p-∂X - mWv
kXym-h-[m-c-Ww. BWn Al-¶m-c-am-Wv. BWn t]mI-Ww.
BWn-t]m-bm¬ hy‡n-tI-{µ-Øn¬ h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ Poh≥
k¿hm- fl - ` m- h n- b m- b n- Ø o- c p- ∂ p. ka- k v X - X - b nepw Xs‚
D◊sb A`n-Z¿in-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv hy‡y-l-¶m-c-Øn\v
\miw kw`-hn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv.
Bflm-hns\ ‘Bhn’ F∂mWv Kpcp hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
H∂mw ]Zy-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Icphpw ChnsS ]d-bp∂ Bhnbpw
H∂p-X-s∂. F∂m¬ Cu Bflmhv PohXzw ImcWw ad-
™p- t ]m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. CXmWv Ah- i X. Bfl- h - i Øp
\n¬°p-hm≥ hnthIw thWw. AXn\p Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬
A\m-fl-h-iØp \ap°p h∂n-´p-≈ sI´p-]m-Sp-Iƒ Agn-™p-
t]mI-Ww. Ah-iX Ah-km-\n-°-Ww. Ah-i-Xbpw Ahn-
th-Ihpw Imc-W-amWv Ah≥ thsd Ch≥ thsd F∂p-≈
Xp—-_p-≤n-bm¬ Hcmƒ {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v. Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-
c-Z-i-bn¬ am{Xta Hcp-h\v GImflXm-t_m[w A\p-`-h-ambn
hcnI-bp-≈q. hy‡n-I-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ kzP-\]£-]m-Xhpw
aX-˛-cm-jv{Sob A`n-\n-th-i-ßfpw k¶p-NnX tZio-b-t_m-
[hpw Ah-i-X-bpsS _mly-Nn-”-ß-fm-Wv. \ΩpsS _lp-am-
\y-cmb ]e t\Xm-°-∑mcpw B≤ym-fln-IZr-jvSn-bn¬ Ah-
i-∑m-cm-Wv. Ah-iX hy‡n-Xz-Ønse tcmKm-Xp-c-X-bm-Wv.
kaq-lØ - ns‚ tcmKm-Xp-cX - bv°v NnIn’ \evIm≥ Kpcp-hns‚
Ah-t_m-[-\-{]-[m-\-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hf-sc-b-[nIw
klm-b-I-ambn `hn-®n-´p-≠v. C∂pw kaqlw BIth Ah-i-
amb \ne-]m-Sp-If - n-emWv Ign-™p-t]m-Ip-∂X - v. AXn-\p≈ ]cn-
lmcw cmjv{So-b-tam, {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-ctam A√. B≤ym-
fln-I-am-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 71
27
Ccp-fn-en-cp-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xm-Ip-am-flm˛
hdn-h-Xp-Xm-\Y \ma-cq-]-ambpw
Ic-W-sam-Sn-{µn-b-I¿Ør-I¿Ω-ambpw
hcp-hXp ImÏ! atl-{µ-Pm-e-sa-√mw!
Ccp-fn-en-cp∂v ˛ Ccp≠ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-∂v

Adn-bp-∂-XmIpw Bflm ˛ Adn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv
Bflm-hv.
Adnhv AXp Xm≥ ˛ AXp Adnhp Xs∂-bmWv.
AY ˛ ]n∂oSv B Adn-hp-Xs∂bmWv
\ma-cq-]-ambpw ˛ \ma-ambpw cq]-ambpw
Ic-Ws- amSv ˛ A¥-°-cWw apX¬
C{µn-bI¿Xr-I¿- Ω-ambpw ˛ C{µn-bß
- ƒ, I¿Øm-hv, I¿Ωw hsc
hcp-hXv ˛ {]Xo-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
ImÏ ˛ t\m°q.
F√mw atl-{µ-Pmew! ˛ F√mw al-Ømb C{µ-Pm-ew-X-s∂!
B flm-hns\ ]q¿Æ-ambpw \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. F∂n-

cp-∂mepw hNn-°m-hp-∂-Xns‚ ]camh-[n-bmWv Kpcp
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv ˛ Ccp-fn-en-cp∂v Adn-bp-∂-XmIpw Bflm.
k¿h Ic-Wß - fpw {]h¿Ø-\c - l
- n-Xa
- m-Ip-tºmgpw "Rm\p≠'v
F∂ A\p-`hw kZm {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. Bflmhns\
IÆp-sImt≠m _p≤n-sImt≠m ImWm-Xn-cn°m≥ Imc-W-
sa-¥mWv? AXv Ccp-fn-emWv Ccn-°p-∂Xv. Ccpfn-en-cn-°p∂
s]mcp-fmWv Bflm-hv. Ccp-fm-Ip∂ ad-bn-emWv Bflm-hns\
apgp-h\pw kaml-cn®p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ccpƒ Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.
kpjp-]vXn-bnƒ Cu Ccpƒ Gh¿°pw A\p-`-h-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.
Bflm-hns\ ad-®p-sIm≠v Ahn-Zy-bpsS Bh-cW - i- ‡n {]_-
e-am-Ip-∂-XmWv kpjp-]vXn. Bflmhv shfn-®-am-sW-¶nepw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 72
B shfn-®sØ XmXv°m-en-Ia - m-sb-¶nepw ad-bv°p-hm≥ Ahn-
Zybv°p Ign-bp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Ccp-fn-\∏ - p-dØ
- p-≈ s]mcp-
fns\ ImWm≥ {ian-°p-tºm-sgms° {]]-©{- ]-Xo-Xn-If - mWv
ImWp-∂X - v. D
- d
- °
- Ø
- n¬ \mw H∂pw Adn-bm-dn-√t- √m? F∂m¬
B H∂pw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°p∂ Adn-hn-√m-bva° - p-≈nepw temI-
hn-jb - ß
- ƒ ]‰n-°qSn ad-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ kz]v\-
Øn-¬ Ah X≈n-°b - dn hcpw. PmK-cn-XØ
- n¬ AXp Iptd-
°qSn hy‡-ambn tXm∂pw. PmK-cn-Xhpw kz]v\hpw ]cw-s]m-
cp-fns‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ hen-sbmcp kz]v\w am{X-am-Wv. Dd-°-
Ønepw DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Bflm-hn-te°v \mw DW-cW - w. Dd-
ßp∂ thf-bn¬ kpJw A\p-`-hn-®p-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ \mw
Bflm-\p-`h - Ø - n-em-Wv. ]t£, DW¿∂-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta
B kpJsØ Hm¿Ωn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. Dd-ßp-tºmgpw
"Rm≥' DW¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ Dƒt_m[w sXfn-™-h≥
⁄m\n-bm-bn.
\√ Ccp-´p-ap-dn-bn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmgpw Rm≥, Rm≥ F∂
D◊ bmsXmcp D]m-[n-bp-an-√msX \ap-°-\p-`-hn-°m-\m-Ipw.
B GI-amb Bflm-hmWv ]n∂oSv \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb Cu
hniz-ambn \ΩpsS apºn¬ {]Xn-`m-kn-°p-∂-Xv. B Bflm-
hp- X - s ∂- b mWv v A¥- ° c- W - ß - f mbpw C{µn- b - ß - f mbpw
I¿Øm-hmbpw I¿Ω-ambpw amdn-a-d-bp-∂-Xv. Bflm-hn¬X-s∂-
bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]tXyI i‡n-Nm-e-\w-sIm-≠mWv CsX√mw
kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu A¤p-X-I-c-amb C{µ-Pm-esØ [ym\m-
fl-I-ambn amdn-\n∂p \nco-£n-°p-I. hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hmØ
A¤p-Xa - mWv Pohn-Xw. \ΩpsS ImgvNI - f
- psS bmYm¿∞ysØ
Xnc-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ Adn-hns‚ aqe-Øn¬ sNs∂-Øp-∂p.
AhnsS {à- ß tfm hn{`m- ¥ n- I tfm A\p- ` - h - s ∏- S p- ∂ n- √ .
XnI™ im¥nbpw kz—-Xbpw am{Xw. Ccp-fns‚ kv]¿i-ta-
ev°mØ sXfna AhnsS \nd™p s]cp-Ip∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 73
28
ASn-ap-Sn-b-‰-Sn-sXm´p auen-b¥w
kv^pS-a-dn-bp-∂Xp Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw
PU-a-dn-ho-eXp Nn¥ sNbvXp sNm√p˛
∂nS-bn-en-cp-∂-dn-h-√-dn-™n-tSWw.
ASn apSn A‰v ˛ ASn-sbt∂m apSn-sbt∂m D≈

t`Z-Nn¥ C√mXmbn
ASn-sXm´p auen-b¥w ˛ F∂m¬ ASn apX¬ apSn hsc
kv^pSw Adn-bp-∂Xv ˛ sXfn-a-tbmsS Adn-bp-∂Xv
Xpcy-t_m-[-amIpw ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[-amWv.
PU-a-dn-hoe ˛ PU-h-kvXp-°ƒ Xpcy-t_m-[sØ
Adn-bp-∂n-√.
AXv ˛ B Xpcy-t_m[w
Nn¥-sNbvXv sNm√p∂ ˛ Nn¥n®v FØn-t®-cm-hp∂
CS-bn-bn-encp∂ Adn-h√ ˛ Xe-Øn¬ hcp∂ Adn-h-√.
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw a\- n-em-°-Ww.
B fl-t_m[w PmK-cn-X-Øntem kz]v\-Øntem kpjp-

]vXn-bntem A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp∂ Adn-h-√. `mhm-`m-h-
⁄m-\-a-√. aq∂-h- ÿI - t- fbpw D√w-Ln-®p-\n¬°p∂ AXo-
X-t_m-[a - mWv Bfl-t_m-[w. AXp-sIm≠v AXns\ \mem-
atØXv F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ ‘Xpcobw’ F∂pw ]d-bmdp-≠v.
Xpcobw hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ Hc-hÿ - b
- √
- ; Ah-ÿm-{X-bk
- m-£n-
bm-Wv. Xpcy-t_m[w km£n-ssN-X-\y-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-_p-
≤n-sIm≠p Nn¥n-°p-tºm-gmWv ASn, apSn Fs∂m-s°-bp-≈
am\-ßƒ D≠m-bn-hc - p-∂X- v. km[m-cW _p≤n ùXn-Ih - n-j-
b-ßf - p-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv {]h¿Øn®p ioen-®n-´p≈Xv. AXp-
sIm≠v a\- n¬ hcp∂ tNmZy-ßƒs°√mw _p≤n DØcw
]d-bp-∂Xv \ofw, hoXn, Db-cw, I\w F∂o Af-hpI-fpsS
am\-ZW- vUß - ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. F∂m¬ Xpcy-t_m-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 74
[-am-Is´ Af-h‰
- X
- m-Wv. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-≈ Af-hp-tIm¬sIm
≠pw Af-°m≥ Ign-bmØ{X hym]vXn-bmWv Xpcy-t_m-[Ø - n-
\p-≈X - v.
Xpcy-t_m[w A\-¥-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ASn-sbt∂m
apSn-sbt∂m D≈ hn`-P\w Xpcy-t_m-[-Øn¬ hcp-∂n-√.
F∂m¬ Xpcy-t_m-[Ø - n¬ ASn-bn-ep≈ `qanbpw apSn-bn-ep≈
BIm- i hpw Dƒt®¿∂n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Xpco- b m- \ p- ` - h - Ø n¬
⁄m\w kv^Sn-I-k-¶m-i-amb sXfn-a-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂p.
kwibw teiw-t]m-ep-an-√mØ \nP-ÿn-Xn. C{µn-b-ßfpw
a\ pw _p≤n-bp-sa√mw P-Uh - k
- vXp-°f-- m-Wv. AXn\p kzbta
{Kln-°p-hm-\p-≈ i‡n-bn-√. Bflm-hns‚ {]Im-i-Øn-emWv
Ahsb√mw {]Im-in-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v PU-h-kvXp-
°fmb C{µn-bm-¥-°-c-W-ßƒ°v Xpcy-t_m[w hnj-bo-`-hn-
°p-∂n-√. Nn¥nt®m A\p-am-\nt®m FSp-°m-hp∂ H∂√ Xpcy-
t_m-[w. F√m Nn¥-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS ap{Z-W-ß-fmb
kvac-WIfp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬
Xpcy-t_m-[a - m-Is´ Aßs\-sbmcp kvac-Wb - p-a√- . AXn-\m¬
AXns\ Nn¥n-®-dn-bm-\m-Ip-sa∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv A_-≤-am-Wv.
F√m D]m-[n-Ifpw Dt]-£n®v, Adn-hns\ kzbw {]Im-in-°p-
hm≥ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Xpcy-t_m[w kqcy-Xpeyw {]Im-
in-°pw. CXmWv Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-cw. ASn- sXm´v auen-b¥w
kv^pS-ad- n-bpI F∂Xv Nn¥-sbm-gn™ ⁄m\-am-W.v Nn¥bpw
Nn¥-I\pw Htc-t]mse Xntcm-`-hn-°-Ww. Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ
ASn apSn, AXv CXv F∂ tZi-Im-e-t_m[w a\p-jys‚ Adn-
hns‚ kv^pS-Xsb sISp-Øn-°f - b
- p-∂p.- Zz-µz-ßf - I- ∂ t_m[-
amWv Xpcy-t_m-[w.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 75
29
a\-a-e¿ sImbvXp atli ]qP sNøpw
a\p-P\p as‰mcp the sNbvXn-tS≠.
h\-a-e¿ sImbvXp-a-X-√-bm-bvIn¬ ambm˛
a\p-hp-cp-hn-´p-an-cn-°n¬ amb amdpw.
a\-a-e¿ sImbvXv ˛ a\- nse k¶ev]-hn-Iev]-ß-fm-

Ip∂ ]q°ƒ \p≈n-sb-SpØv
atl-i-]qP sNøpw ˛ atl-i\v A¿®n-°p∂
a\p-P\v ˛ a\p-jy\v
as‰mcp the ˛ thsdmcp km[\
sNbvXn-tS≠ ˛ sNtø≠ Bh-iy-an-√.
h\-a-e¿ sImbvXpw ˛ As√-¶n¬ ]qs®-Sn-I-fn¬\n∂pw
]q°ƒ s]mń®v A¿®n®pw
AX-√b - m-bvIn¬ ˛ C\n AXp-a-s√-¶n¬
ambm-a\p Dcp-hn´pw ˛ ambm-a{¥w Dcp-hn´v
Ccn-°n¬ ˛ km[\ sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
amb amdpw ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[sØ ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p∂
amb amdn-t∏mIpw.
a \p-jy¿ F√m-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-kØ

X-cØ- n-ep-≈h
- c- √
- . Nne¿ Bfl-XØ
- ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Htc-
- zsØ s]s´∂p {Kln-
°p-∂p. Nne-cm-Is´ {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bmsX Ipg-™p-t]m-Ip-
∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Øc - nepancn-°p∂ hmk\-bmWv Ahs‚ CjvSm-
\n-jvSß
- sf \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂X - v. hnjbhmk-\b - psS i‡nsb
£bn-∏n-t°-≠Xv Bfl-XØ - z-{K-lW- Ø - n\v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-
X-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn aq∂p D]m-bß - ƒ Kpcp ChnsS ]d-™p-
X-cp-∂p. CXp \sΩ A≤ym-fl-am¿K-Øn¬ klm-bn-°phm\m-
Wv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw CW-ßp-∂Xp am{Xw kzoI-cn-°p-I.
]t£, GXp km[\ sNøp-tºmgpw e£yw Bfl-km-£m-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 76
XvIm-c-am-sW∂ Imcyw ad-°m≥ ]mSn-√. A≤ym-fl-km-[-\-
Isf Imbn-Iw, hmNn-Iw, am\-knIw F∂p aq∂mbn Xncn-
°mw. Ch-bn¬ Imbn-I-km-[\ ÿqe-_p-≤n-Iƒ°p-≈-Xm-Wv.
hmNnI-km-[\ a≤y-a_
- p-≤n-Iƒ°p-≈X
- m-Wv. am\-kn-Ik
- m-[\
DØ-a-_p-≤n-Iƒ°p-≈-Xm-Wv.
]q°ƒ hncn-bp-∂X - p-t]m-se-bmWv a\- n¬ k¶ev]ß - ƒ
A¶p-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F√m A\p-`-h-ßfpw k¶-ev]-X-e-Øn-emWv
BZyw A\p-`q-X-am-hp-I. Cu k¶ev]ß -- sf ]qPm-]p-jv]-ß-
fmbn IcpXn A¥-cm-flm-hm-Ip∂ atl-i\v A¿®\ \S-Øp
∂ {]{Inb XnI®pw [ym\m-flI - a
- m-Wv. NnØ-Øn\v GIm-{KX
ssIh-cn® Hcp km[-I\p am{Xta Cß-s\-sbmcp km[-\-
bn¬ Db¿® In´p-I-bp-≈q. Cu am\-tkm-]m-k-I\v thsd
Hcp km[-\-bpsS Bh-iy-an-√. Abmƒ t£{X-Øntem
]≈n-bntem t]mtI≠Xn√. B km[-I≥ ]c-am-flm-hm-Ip∂
_nw_-Øn¬ a\- m-Ip∂ ]qPm-]p-jv]sØ A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-
eqsS \n¿hr-Xn-bpsS ]c-a-Im-jvTsb {]m]n-°p-∂p. A{Xbpw
B≤ym-flnIamb Hu∂Xyw B¿÷n-°m≥ Ign™nń-s√-
¶n¬ hnj-an-t°-≠. Ipd®p Im´p-]q-°ƒ CdpØv atl-i\v
A¿®-\-bmbn \¬Ins°m≠v NnØ-ssÿcyw ssIh-cn-°mw.
CXv Imbn-I-km-[-\-bm-Wv. {]I-S-ambn \S-°p∂ CØcw ]qP-
Iƒ°v {]Nmctadm≥ ImcWw B[p-\nI D]-t`m-K-k-aq-l-
Øn¬ ÿqe-`p-°p-If - psS FÆw h¿≤n-®X - p-sIm-≠m-Wv. atl-
i≥ F∂XpsIm≠v ]c-am-flm-hn-s\-Ø-s∂-bmWv Kpcp hnh-
£n-°p-∂-Xv. AXpa-s√-¶n¬ hmNn-I-amb a{¥-P-]sØ km[-
\-bmbn A\p-jvTn-°mw. AXn-s\mcp a{¥w thWw. a{¥w
Poh-˛-B-fl-t`-ZsØ AI‰n BssflIyw Dd-∏n-°p-∂p. a\-
nse amen-\y-ßƒ \oßnbmte CsX√mw km[y-am-Iq.
hnip-≤-amb F√m {KŸ-ßfpw Kpcq-]-tZ-i-ßfpw a{¥-ß-fm-
Wv. Ah \nc-¥cw kzm≤ymbw sNbvXmepw aXn. kwi-bn-
t°≠. ambm-apX-e-bpsS ]nSn-bn¬\n∂pw km[-I\p ]pd-
Øp-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bpw. hnizm-k]q¿hw A\p-jvTn-°p-I.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 77
30
PU-a-dn-ho-e-dn-hn∂p Nn¥-bn-t√m˛
XnSp-I-bp-an-√-dn-sh-∂-dn-™p k¿hw
hnSp-In-e-h≥ hni-Zm-¥-cw-K-\mbv ta˛
epS-en-e-a¿∂p-g-ep-∂-Xn√ \q\w.
PUw Adn-hoe ˛ PU-Øn\v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

Adn-hn∂p Nn¥-bn-√ ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[-Øn¬ Nn¥-I-fn√.
HmXn-Sp-I-bpan-√ ˛ B A\p-`hw hm°p-I-fn-te°v
]I¿Øp-hm\pw Bhp-I-bn-√.
Adn-sh-∂-dn-™p ˛ Xpcy-t_m-[sØ Adn-bm≥ D]m-
[n-bpsS Bh-iy-an-√ F∂-dn™v
k¿hw hnSp-In¬ ˛ PU-kw-_-‘-amb F√m sI´p-]m-
Sp-Ifpw Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
Ah≥ ˛ Hcp-h≥
hniZ A¥-cw-K-\mbv ˛ AXn-cp-If- n-√mØ NnZm-Im-iØ
- n¬
\nd-™n-cn-°p-∂-h-\mbnØocp-∂p.
ta¬ ˛ ]n∂oSv
DS-en¬ Aa¿∂v ˛ Rm≥ ico-ca- m-sW-∂p≈
A⁄m-\-Øn\v hi-K-\mbn
Dg-ep-∂-Xn-√ ˛ ZpxJn-°p-∂n-√.
\q\w ˛ CXp Xo¿®-bm-Wv.
\mw F¥-dn-bp-tºmgpw Nn¥n-°m-dp-≠v. Nn¥n-°msX H∂pw

\ap°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. Nn¥n-®-dn-bp∂ Adn-hp-
Ifpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw am{Xta \ap°v ]cn-N-b-ap-≈q. F∂m¬
Ft∏m-gmtWm Nn¥-I-sf√mw \nhr-Ø-am-Ip-∂Xv, hnc-an-°p-
∂Xv At∏m-gmWv Xpcy-t_m[w {]Im-in-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Xpcy-
t_m[w a\- p- s Imt≠m _p≤n- s Imt≠m C{µn- b -
ßƒsImt≠m H∂pw {Kmln°m-hp∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈X - √
- . ImcWw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 78
Ch-sb√mw PU-h-kvXp-°-fm-Wv. PU-h-kvXp-°ƒsIm≠v
ssNX-\ysØ Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ssNX\yw Nn¥sb
\nan-Øa - m-°n-bmWv temIsØ Adn-bp-∂X - v. Nn¥bv°v kzbw
Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ssNX\yw kzbw-{]-Im-i-I-am-b-Xp-
sIm≠v thsdm-∂ns‚ shfn-®-an-√m-sX-Xs∂ {]Im-in-°p-∂p.
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-j-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p, Xta-h-`m¥w A\p-`mXn
k¿hw Xky `mkm k¿h-anZw hn`mXn ˛ kzbw {]Im-in-®p-
\n-ev°p∂ ssNX-\y-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ as‰√mw {]Im-in-
®p-\n-ev°p-∂p. Xpcy-t_m[w GIm-fl{- ]-Xy-bk - m-ca
- m-bX - n-\m¬,
thsd H∂n-s‚bpw klm-b-an-√msX kzbta Adn-bp∂p.
AXm-bXv \mw \sΩ-Øs∂ A\-\y-ambn Adn-bp∂p. PU-h-
kvXp-°ƒ {]ta-bÿ - m\Øv \nev°p-tºmƒ ssNX\yw {]ta-
b-am-Ip-∂n-√. {]ta-b-ßƒ hmMva-b-ß-fm-Wv. ssNX-\ysØ
hm°n¬ HXp-°p-hm≥ km[y-a√ - . HmXp-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. HmXp-
tºmƒ ssNX-\y-amb Bflmhv sRcn™v ]cn-an-Xa - m-Ip-∂p.
]m›m-Xy-XØ - z-Nn-¥I - c
- n¬ AZzn-Xo-b\ - mb s_¿Kvk¨
kzbw hnf-ßp∂ Adn-hns\ A¥¿⁄m\w (intuition) F∂p
hnfn-®p. AXp-sIm≠v, PU-ßfmb D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS \mw I≠p
ioen® C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-ßƒ Xpcy-t_m-[-as√∂p \n›bn-°-
Ww. Xpcy-t_m-[m-\p-`h - sØ Ct∂-hsc Bcpw hm°p-If - n¬
]I¿∂p-h® - n-ń-√. A\p-`h - n-°p-∂h -- \v t`m‡r-Xz-an-√m-ØX - n-\m¬
samgn-bm-\pamhp-∂n-√. IS-ens‚ Bg-af - °
- m≥ t]mb D∏p-]mh
Xncn-®p-h∂v \Ω-tfmSv IS-ens‚ AKm-[X - s
- b-°p-dn®v ]d-™p-
X-cn-Ib
- n-s√∂v \ap-°d - n-bmw. ISepw ]mhbpw H∂m-bn-Øo¿
∂m¬ ]ns∂ Bcp ]dbpw? Adn-hn-ea - ¿∂m¬ ]ns∂ \m\mXz-
ß-fn-√. At∏mƒ Ahs‚ A¥-cwKw kmK-cw-t]mse A\-
¥-am-bn-Øo-cpw. ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw Ah\v imco-cn-I-t_m-[-
Øm¬ ZpxJn-®p-ge - p-hm≥ CS-hc - p-∂n-√. ZpxJw ico-cØ - n-t‚-Xm-
Wv. Bflmhn-t‚-X√ - . Bflm-hn¬ \mw B\-µX - p-µn-ec- m-Wv.
AhnsS ZpxJ-Øns‚ ]ina Ati-j-an-√. AhnsS ""Rm≥''
\ncm-a-b-\m-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 79
31
A\p-`-h-am-Zn-bn-sem-∂n-cn-°n-e-√m˛
X\p-an-Xn-bn-√nXp ap∂-a-£n-bmte
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-Xp-sIm≠p [¿Ωn-bp-s≠˛
∂\p-an-Xn-bm-e-dn-ho-e-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
A\p-`hw ˛ C{µn-b-{]Xy-£amb A-\p-`hw

BZn-bn¬ ˛ BZy-ta-Xs∂
H∂n-cn-°n¬ A√msX ˛ H∂p-≠m-ImsX
A\p-anXn C√ ˛ A\p-am-\n-®-dn-bp-hm-≥
Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
CXv ˛ Cu Xpcy-t_m[w
ap∂w ˛ apºv
A£n-bmte ˛ C{µn-b-{]-Xy-£-ambn
A\p-`-hn-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v ˛ A\p-`-hn-®n-ń-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v
[¿Ωn-bp-s≠∂v ˛ -[¿Ω-ßƒs°√mw A[n-jvTm-\-
amb Bflmhv Ds≠-∂p-≈Xv
A\p-an-Xn-bm¬ ˛ A\p-am-\-Øn-eqsS
Adn-hoe ˛ Adn-bm≥ ]‰p-I-bn√.
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw \n›bw hcp-ØWw.
A \p-`hw F∂p \mw km[m-cW ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-

hns\ t\cn´v C{µn-bZ- zmcm A\p-`h
- n-°ptºm-gm-Wv. CØ-
c-Øn-ep≈ A\p-`-h-ßsf {]Xy-£m-\p-`-h-ßƒ F∂mWv ]d-
bp-I. \mw Hcm-tfmSp ]d-bp-∂p: ""Rm≥ IS¬∏ip-hns\ I≠p.''
At∏mƒ Abmƒ Xncn®p tNmZn-°pw: ""IS¬∏-ip-thm? AsX-
¥mWv?'' CXns‚ A¿∞w Abmƒ°v IS¬∏ip-hns‚ {]Xy-
£m-\p-`hw D≠m-bn-ń√ F∂m-Wv. Abmƒ IS¬∏-ip-hns\
t\cn´p I≠n-ń-√. AXp-sIm≠mWv Abm-fn¬ kwibw P\n-
®Xv. F∂m¬ IS¬∏ip-hns\ Abmƒ°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬
Abm-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw thsd coXnbn¬ BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p:
Btflm]tZiiXIw 80
""Dt∆m. \o It≠m? AsX-hn-sS-bmbncp-∂p?'' F∂m-bn-cn-°pw.
Abmƒ°v IS¬∏ip-hns‚ cq]sØ A\p-am-\n-s®-Sp-°m≥
Ign-™p. Cu temI-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-Øn¬ F¥p I≠mepw
\mw AXn-s\mcp t]cp sImSp-°pw. t]cv A¥°-c-W-Ønse
Hc-h-b-h-amb NnØ-Øn¬ t]mbn ad-™n-cn-°pw. t]cp am{X-
a√ NnØ-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂X- v. {]Xy-£Ø
- n¬ I≠ hkvXp-hns‚
cq]hpw t]cns‚IqsS ad-™n-cn-°pw. ]ns∂, B t]cp
tIƒ°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c-Øn¬ sXfn-bp-∂Xv
hkvXp-h-√; hkvXp-hns‚ Hcp Imev]-\n-I-cq-]-am-Wv. CXns\
{]Xn` F∂p ]d-bpw. t]cpw {]Xn-`bpw H∂n-®p-tN¿∂v hkvXp-
°-fpsS Xncn-®-dn-hp-≠m-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. BZyta Hc-\p-`hw
h∂mte Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ hcn-I-bp-≈q.
Xpco-bm-\p-`hw \ap°v apºp≠m-bn-ń-√. AXp-sIm≠v \ap-
°-Xns\ A\p-am-\n-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-bn-√. am{X-a√ Xpco-bm-
\p-`hw Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-a-√, -k-¶-ev]-hpa-√. Cu temI-Øns‚
Imcy hpw Aß-s\--Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. ImWp∂ temIw \ndw, aWw,
cpNn, kv]¿iw, i_vZw F∂o [¿Ω-ßfm-Wv. [¿Ωn-°mWv
[¿Ω-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. [¿Ω-ßƒ°v ÿnXn sNøm≥
CSw-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv [¿Ωn-bm-Wv. ]qhns‚ [¿Ω-ßf - mWv \ndw,
aWw, kv\nKv≤X F∂n-h. [¿Ωn-bmb ]qhv C{µn-b-{]-Xy-
£-a-√. AXv F∂pw AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse \nc-h[n
[¿Ω-ßt- fmSp ISnb temI-Øns‚ A[n-jT v m-\a
- m-b [¿Ωnsb
{]Xy-£-ambn Adn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v A\p-am-\n-®-dn-bp-hm\pw
\nhr-Øn-bn-√. A\p-am-\n-°W - s
- a-¶n¬ AXp aptº A\p-`h - n-
®n-cn-°W
- w. Bflm-\p-`hw \ap-°n-√m-ØX - p-sIm≠v \mw A\p-
am-\n-°p-∂Xpw Duln-°p-∂Xpw shdpw k¶ev]h - n-Iev]ß
- ƒ
am{X-am-Wv. C°mcyw a\- n-em-°W - w. Bfl-⁄m\w A\p-
an-Xn-⁄m-\-a-√. A\p-an-Xn-Iƒ \ne-bv°p-tºm-gmWv [¿Ωn
kzbta A\p-`q-Xn-bmbn \nd-bp-∂-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 81
32
Adn-hXp [¿Ωn-sb-b√ [¿Ω-am-ao˛
bcp-fnb [¿Ωn-b-Zr-iy-am-I-bmte
[c apX-em-b-h-sbm-∂p-an√ Xmßp˛
s∂mcp hSnhmadn-hp-≈-tXm¿Øn-tS-Ww.
Adn-hXp ˛ \mw Adn-bp-∂Xp

[¿Ωn-sb-b√ ˛ Adn-hns‚ A[n-jvTm-\-amb
[¿Ωn-sb-b-√.
[¿Ωamw ˛ [¿Ω-ßsfbm-Wv.
Cu Acp-fnb [¿Ωn ˛ ChnsS ]d-bp∂ [¿Ωn
AZriyw BI-bmte ˛ C{µn-b-tKm-N-ctam at\m-tKm-N-
ctam A√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬
[c apX-em-bh ˛ ]rYn-hn, Pew, A·n, hmbp,
BImiw apX-embh
H∂pw C√ ˛ [¿Ω-ßƒ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v ]c-
am¿∞-Øn¬ C√m-Ø-XmWv.
Xmßp∂ ˛ {]m]-©n-I-[¿Ω-ßƒs°√mw
Xmßm-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp hSnhmw ˛ Htc-sbmcp B[mcw am{X-amb
Adnhv D≈Xv ˛ Adnhp am{X-amWv D≈-Xv.
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ Cu -c-lkyw Hm¿Øn-tS-Ww.
[ ¿Ω-ßƒs°√mw CSw sImSp-°p∂ [¿Ωn ImWm-ad

ØmWv h¿Øn-°p-∂X
- b
- v. [¿Ωnsb ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√
F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp aX-hn-izm-kØ- ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø
- -
- n-e√.
Hcp ssIte-kp-Ij- Ww FSp-Øm¬, AXp \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp
\qep sIm≠m-sW-¶nepw \mw AXv ssIte-km-sWt∂ ]d-
bp-Ib- p-≈q. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, \qep-Iƒ \nc-h[n tN¿∂v
]pXnb Hcp cq]sØ ssIsIm-≠t- ∏mƒ AXv ssItekmbn
amdn. ssIte-kns‚ cq]hpw \ndhpw LS-\bpw am¿±-hhpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 82
\ap°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah [¿Ω-ß-fm-Wv. F∂m¬
ssItekv F∂ [¿Ωn AZr-iy-am-Wv. anfnµ cmPmhpw \mK-
tk-\≥ F∂ _p≤-`n-£phpw XΩn¬ Hcp kwhmZw \S-∂p.
\mK-tk-\≥ ]d-™Xv Ah-b-h-ßƒ tN¿∂mWv Ah-bhn
Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂Xv F∂m-Wv. cmPmhv bm{X sNbvXn-cp∂
tXcns\ Nq≠n \mK-tk-\≥ tNmZn-®p: IpXn-cI - ƒ tXcmtWm?
cmPmhv ]d™p: A√. IpXn-cI - ƒ tXc-s√-¶n¬ Ahsb Agn®p
am‰m≥ \n¿t±iw sImSp-Øp. N{I-ßƒ tXcmtWm? A√ F∂p
cmPmhv {]Xn-hN - n-®p. F∂m¬ N{I-ßfpw Agn-®p-am-‰m≥ ]d-
™p. N{I-ßƒ Agn®p am‰n. IpXn-If - psS apXp-In¬ hbv°p∂
X≠pw Ccn-°m-\p≈ Ccn-∏n-Shpw Hmtcm-∂mbn Agn®p am‰n.
ImcWw Ah-sbm∂pw tXc-√. tX¿ F¥mWv F∂v At\z-
jn-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv \mK-tk-\≥ Cu ]co-£Ww ImWn®p
sImSp-ØX - v. hmkvXh - Ø- n¬ tX¿ F∂ Hcp kØ AZr-iy-
ambn Ccn-°p-Ib - m-W.v IpXn-cI - fpw N{I-ßfpw F√mw tXcns‚
Ah-bh - ß
- f- m-Wv, [¿Ω-ßf - m-Wv. Hmtcm-∂X - mbv Ah-bhw apgp-
h≥ ]ncn®p thdm-°n-bm¬ De-Ia - n-√nXp hnNn-{X-at- {X.. F∂p
Kpcp AssZz-XZ- zo-]n-Ib - n¬ ]dbp-∂p-≠v. [¿Ω-ßs - f \ap°v
Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. [¿Ωn-bm-b Bflmhv AZr-
iyamWv.
\√-Xp-t]mse hnNmcw sNøp-∂-h\p am{Xta CXp a\-
n-em-Iq. A√m-Ø-h≥ [¿Ω-ß-fpsS sI´p-]m-Sn¬s]´v Ducn-
t∏m- c m- \ m- I msX hnj- a n®psIm- ≠ n- c n- ° pw. temI- Ø ns‚
ÿnXnbpw Aß-s\-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Adn-hns‚ Htc-sbmcp
hSnhp am{Xta D≈q. B hSn-hns\ ad-®p-h-®p-sIm-≠mWv
`qanbpw sh≈hpw Im‰pw Xobpw BIm-i-hp-sa√mw \Ω-psS
ImgvN-h-´-Øn-te°p hcp-∂-Xv. Ch-sb√mw [¿Ω-ß-fpsS
ÿm\Øv \n¬°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. Adnhv H∂p-am-{X-amWv [¿Ωn.
hSnhv F∂ hm°v Kpcp-hns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ khn-ti-jm¿∞-
Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. hSn-hn\v Cw•o-jn¬ subsratum
F∂p ]d-bpw. hSn-hmWv k¿h \ma-cq-]-ßƒ°pw B[m-cw
F∂p a\- n-em-°-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 83
33
Adnhp \nP-ÿn-Xn-bn-ß-dn-™n-Sm-\m-bv˛
≤c apX-emb hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\
adn-bp-a-h-ÿ-bn-te-dn-am-dn- h-´w˛
Xncn-bp-a-em-X-kaw Xncn-™n-Sp-∂p.
Adnhv ˛ [¿Ωn-bmb Adnhv

\nP-ÿnXn ˛ kz¥w \nesb
Cß-dn-™n-Sm-\mbv ˛ kzbta A\p-`-hn-®dn-bm\mbn
[c apX-emb ˛ `qan apX-emb
hn`q-Xn-bmbn Xmt\ ˛ ]©-`q-X-ß-fm-Ip∂ [¿Ω-ßsf
kzbw ssIs°m-≠p-sIm≠v
adnbpw Ah-ÿ-bn¬ ˛ Ne-\m-fl-I-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bn¬
Gdn amdn h´w Xncnbpw ˛ Gdnbpw amdnbpw Xncn-bp∂
Aem-X-kaw ˛ Xos°m-≈nbpsS {]`m-he - b
- wt]mse
Xncn-™n-Sp∂p ˛ Adn-hn¬ Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-
\m¬ {]]-©-{]-XoXn tXm∂n-°p-∂p.
\mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kXy-Øn¬ ⁄m\-kz-cq-]-cm-Wv. \mw

AX-dn-bp-∂n√ F∂p am{Xw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \mw
P\n® \mƒ apX¬ Ft¥m At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
\nP-kz-cq]w Fs¥-∂-dn-bm-\mWv At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv. Fs‚
\nP-kz-cq]w \nXy-k-Xy-am-sW∂v Adn-hn¬ {]Im-in-°-Ww.
AsXmcp t_m[y-s∏-S-em-Wv. _p≤-\p-≠mb ⁄mt\m-Zbw
Cu t_m[y-s∏-S-em-Wv. tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ XØz-Nn-
¥-I∑ - m¿°v CsXmcp _p≤n-]c- a
- mb Adn-hv am{X-am-Wv. F∂m
¬ \nP-ÿnXn Adn-bp-∂-h\v Cu ⁄m\w B\q-`q-Xn-I-am-
Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw A\y-a-√mØ GIm-fl-I-X-bmWv A\q-
`q-Xn. GIm-fl-I-X-bpsS B\-µ-Xp-µn-e-X-bmWv \nP-ÿn-Xn.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 84
\nP-ÿn-X-\m-Ip-tºmƒ At\z-jWhpw \ne-bv°pw. Ne-\-
ßƒ \ne-bv°pw. Adnhv Htc-k-abw ssÿXn-Ihpw Ne-\m-
fl-I-hp-am-Wv. AXns‚ _mly-h-i-Øp-\n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ
Adn-hn\v ]e-X-c-Øn-ep-≈ cq]-t`-Z-ßfpw `mh-t`-Z-ßfpw kw`-
hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. Adn-hns\ Bg-Øn¬
t]mbn Adn-™m¬ ssÿXn-I-amb Hcp km£n-bpsS \ne-
bm-bn-cn°pw. krjvSn F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Adn-hn-s‚-Xs∂ Ne-
\-{]-{Inb-bpsS XpS-°a- m-Wv. Adn-hn¬ A¥¿K-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p∂
C—m-i‡n aqe-amWv krjvSn-{]-{In-b°v XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂-
Xv. krjvSn-°-s∏´ krjvSn-Pm-e-ßƒs°√mw Adn-hn¬\n∂pw
A\y-Ym-I-cn® Hcp tXm∂-en\v CS-h-cp-Øp-∂p. \nP-kz-cq-]-
\n-›bw hcp-∂-Xp-hsc [c-ap-X-emb hnti-j-`m-h-ßƒ [cn®v
{]]-©-KXn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. adnbpw Ah-ÿ-bm-Wn-
Xv. a\- p-X-s∂-bmWv Cu KXo-b-Xsb krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv.
AXn-s\-bmWv Pohs‚ Akzmÿyw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
kIe Poh-Pm-e-ß-fnepw Cu Akzmÿyw ImWmw. \nP-
ÿnXn Adn-bp-thmfw Cu Akzmÿyw \ne-\nev°pw. \nP-
ÿnXn Adn-™m¬ F√mw kzÿ-am-Ipw. {]]©-Ne\w
D≠m-Ip-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ hn{`m-¥n-bn¬ AI-s∏-
Sp-∂p. Hcp Xos°m-≈n FSpØv Npg-‰n-bm¬ Xos°m-≈n k©-
cn-°p∂ hrØm-Im-c-Øn¬ apgp-h\pw Xo IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw. sIm≈n-bpsS sX√Øpam{Xta
Xobp-≈q F∂p \ap-°-dn-bmw. F∂mepw \ΩpsS IÆns\
Ft¥m H∂v NXn-°p-∂p-≠v. imkv{Xw Cu sX‰ns\ optical
illusion F∂mWv ]d-bm-dv. Xos°m≈n \n›-am-Ip-tºmƒ
am{Xta Cu sX‰v \ap°p Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hp-I-bp-≈q. {i≤m-
\zn-X-ambn hnth-I]q¿hw a\\w sNbvXmte Adn-hns‚ \nP-
ÿn-Xnsb {]m]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-hsc {]]-©-
Øns‚ {àm-fl-I-X-bn¬ \Ωfpw Ipcp-ßn-t∏m-Ipw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 85
34
Ac-s\m-Sn-bm-Zn-b-cm-fn-bm¿∂nSpw tX˛
cpcp-f-Xn-te-dn-bp-cp-≠n-Sp∂p temIw
Adn-hn-e-\m-Zn-b-Xmbv \S-∂nSpw X≥˛
Xncp-hn-f-bm-S-en-sX-∂-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
Ac-s\mSn BZn ˛ ka-b-Øns‚ G‰hpw sNdnb

am{XIfmb
Acmfn B¿∂nSpw ˛ Bc-°m-¬ \nc-I-tfmSp IqSnb
tXcp-cpƒ A-Xn¬ Gdn ˛ cY-N-{I-Øn¬ Ibdn
Dcp-≠n-Sp∂p ˛ Dcp-≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv
temIw ˛ temIw.
Adn-hn¬ ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬
A\mZn AXmbv ˛ Imem-Xo-Xa- mbn
\S-∂nSpw ˛ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
X≥ Xncp-hn-f-bm-S¬ ˛ Bflm-hns‚ Znhy-\-S\w am{X-am-Wv
CsX∂v ˛ Cu temIw F∂p
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ t_m[y-s∏-´p-sIm-≈Ww.
tem Iw \Ω-nt- e°v IS-∂p-hc

- p-∂Xv A\p-`h - ß
- f
- psS \pdp-
ßp-I-fm-bm-Wv. F{X-sb{X Zriy-Nn{Xß-fmWv amdn-
amdn a\- n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂X - v. Hc-\p-`hw D≈nepw shfn-
bnepw Htc-t]mse an∂n-a-d™p t]mIm≥ th≠n-h-cp∂ ka-
b-am-{X-bmWv Ac-s\mSn. F∂p ]d-™m¬ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-
Øn¬ am{Xta A\p-`h - Ø
- n\v \ne-\n¬∏p-≈q. ASp-Ø£ - Ww
thsdm-c-\p-`hw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-te°p IS∂phcp-∂p.
At∏mƒ sXm´p-ap-ºp≠m-bn-cp∂ A\p-`hw `qX-Im-e-Øns‚
Klz-cØn-te°v ]n≥hm-ßp-∂p. Hc-\p-`hw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-
Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒXs∂ `mhn-bn¬ C\n hcm-\n-cn-
°p∂ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ km[yX Xøm-dm-bn- \nev°p-∂p-≠v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 86
CXn-s\-sbms° \nb-{¥n-°p∂ \nbaw F¥m-sW∂p tNmZn-
®m¬ XnI®pw At⁄-b-amb Hcp Xe-Øn-¬ \ΩpsS a\-
p-sN∂v DS°n-\n¬°pw.
A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS Nm{In-I-amb Cu Ne-\m-fl-I-Xsb Hcp
cY-N-{I-Øn-t\m-SmWv Kpcp D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cY-N{Iw Ime-
N{Iw IqSn-bm-Wv. ChnsS temIsØ (space) Ime-Øn¬ (time)
\n∂pw `n∂n-∏n-°m-sX-bmWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. cY-N-{I-Øns‚
Bc-°m-ep-Isf Ime-Øns‚ am{X-Ifmbn FÆp-∂p. Ac-s\m-
SnbmWv Ime-Øns‚ G‰hpw sNdnb am{X. Hmtcm Bc-°mepw
Acs\mSn `qansb kv]¿in-°p-tºmƒ AsXmcp h¿Ø-am-\-
Im-em-\p-`-h-ambn. Ime-N-{I-K-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Bc-°m¬ ]n∂n
tem´p Xncn-bp-tºmƒ AXp `qX-Im-e-am-bn. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂
Bc-°m-ep-Iƒ `hn-jy-Øns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hmtcm A\p-`-
hhpw a\- ns‚ aWvUe - Ø - n¬ kvac-Wb - mbn kq£n-°s - ∏-
Sp-∂p. C{Xbpw at\m-lc - a
- mb Hcp D]a thsdsb-hn-sSbpw
Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. D]-\n-jØ - p-°f - n¬ Nne Ahy‡
]cm-a¿i-ßƒ Ds≠∂ Imcyw ad-°p-∂n-√.
Adn-hn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu cY-N{- I-ka - m-\a
- mb
Xncn-®n-ens\ Bflm-hns‚ Xncp-hn-fb - m-á- m-bn-´mWv Kpcp hnti-
jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. A\m-Znbmb Cu Xncp-hn-fb - m´sØ XpS-
°hpw HSp-°h - p-an-√mØ Ime-N{- I-Øns‚ eoem-kz-cp-]sØ Ipdn-
°p-∂p. {]]©w F∂Xv inhs‚ \S-\a - m-sW∂v ssih kn-
≤m-¥n-Ifpw Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu {]]-©\ - S- \
- w- F∂p XpSßn sb∂p
Duln-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. A\m-Zn-bm-sW∂v \nK-an-°mt\
H°q. h¿Ø-am\w am{Xta \nXy-kX - y-am-bp-≈q. h¿Ø-am-\I - m-
e-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ Pohn-XØns‚ Cu \S-t\m-’-h-Øn¬
\ap°pw ]¶p-tN¿∂p \rØ-am-Sm≥ Ign-bW - w. \ΩpsS Ir{Xn-a-
Ku-c-h-ß-fpsS s]m≈-Ø-c-ßƒ At∏mƒ XI¿∂p-ho-gpw.
Bflm-\p-`hn AXp-sIm≠v \S-\s - s`-ch - \mWv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 87
35
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-Zn-tX-b-scm-∂mbv
hcp-h-Xp-t]mse hcpw hnth-I-hrØn
Adn-hns\ aqSp-a-\n-Xy-am-b-bm-ao˛
bncp-fn-s\-bo¿s∂-gp-am-Zn-kq-cy-\-t{X.
Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw ˛ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw

BZn-tX-b¿ ˛ kqcy-∑m¿
H∂mbv hcp-h-Xp-t]mse ˛ H∂n®pZn®m¬ F∂-Xp-t]mse
hcpw ˛ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv
hnth-I-hrØn ˛ Bfl-⁄m\w.
Adn-hns\ aqSpw ˛ Adn-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xsb s]mXn-
™p-\n¬°p∂
A\n-Xy-am-bbmw ˛ \nXy-a-√mØ amb BIp∂
Cu Ccp-fns\ ˛ Cu A⁄m-\-am-Ip∂ Ccp-ńs\
Cu¿s∂gpw ˛ ]nf¿∂p-am‰n DZn-®p-b-cp∂
BZn-kq-cy-\t{X ˛ BZn-kq-cy-\mWv Bfl⁄m\w.
B flm-\p-`-h-sØ `mj-bn-eqsS hyh-l-cn-®pX-cm≥ Bhp-

I-bn-√. hymh-lm-cn-I-`m-j-bn¬ Bflm-hn\p XØp-ey-
ambn H∂pw-Xs∂ C√. Bflmhv D]-a-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-Wv.
F∂n´pw Ejn AXns\ ]d-bm-s\m-cp-sº-Sp-∂p. Ejn Ihn-
bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Cu kµ¿`-Øn-em-Wv. aqI-\mb Hcmƒ BZy-
ambn I¬°≠w Xn∂p- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬ I¬°- ≠ - Ø ns‚
am[pcyw ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX Abmƒ hnΩn-´-s∏-
Spw. aqI-\m-bXp-sIm≠v hm°p-Iƒ hcn-I-bn-√. Abmƒ B\-
µm-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬ \rØw Ifn-t®-°pw. ]e tNjvS-I-fn-eq-
tSbpw I¬°-≠-Øns‚ am[pcyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°pw.
F∂mepw ]d-tb-≠Xp ]d™p F∂ kwXr]vXn Abmƒ°p-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 88
≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√. AtX-t]m-se Hc-h-ÿ-bmWv Bfl⁄m-
\n-bp-tS-Xv. AI-]p-d-ß-fn-√msX ]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ B\-µ-°-S-
ens\∏‰n kzm\q-`h-Ko-Xn-bn¬ Kpcp Ipdn-®n-ń-´p-≠v.
F∂mepw {io\mcm-bW - K- pcp ChnsS a\p-jy-ta-[sb `mthm-
÷z-ea - m-°p∂ Hcp-Zm-lc - Ww FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. Bflmhv
shfn-®a - m-Wv. B shfn-®Ø - n-emWv as‰√mw {]Im-in-°p-∂X - v.
kqcy-\p-t]mepw shfn®w \evIp∂ shfn-®-amWv Bflm-hv.
kqcy-\mWv `qan-bnse G‰hpw {]Im-ia - p≈ shfn-®w. Hcp- kq-
cys‚ shfn-®w-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu `qa-WvUe - w apgp-h≥ {]Im-
i-]q-cn-Xa - m-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw kqcy-∑m¿ H∂n-
®p-Zn-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ Ccp-ńs‚ Hcp sNdp-IW - n-Ib - °
v p-t]mepw
ChnsS \n¬°-°≈ - n-bn-√m-Xm-Ipw. ImWp-∂h - ≥t]mepw {]Im-
i-t[m-c-Wn-I-fn¬ \jvS-s∏-Spw. Cu D]a Hcp A¤p-Xm-Xn-
tcIsØ {]tZym-Zn-∏n-°p-hm-\mWv Kpcp D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv Bfl-kq-cy-\p-Zn-®m¬ A⁄m-\a - mIp∂
A‘-Im-cØ - n\v \ΩpsSbp≈n¬ \ne-bp-d∏ - n-°m≥ Ign-bmsX
t]mIp-∂X - v. Adn-hns\ aqSn-b ambm-aq-Sp-]Sw Xpc∂v BZn-a-
amb Bfl-kq-cys‚ {]Imiw shfn-hm-Ip∂ Nn{Xw Imhy-kp-
µcamWv. Cu AXn`mhp-IX - z-aq-dp∂ Nn{Xw \ΩpsS Hmtcm-cp-
Ø-cp-tSbpw D≈n¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ A\-¥k - m-[y-XI
- sf Zo-
]vXa- m-°m≥ t]mcp∂-Xm-Wv.
Kpcphns‚ A¥-cm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv Cu t«mI-Øn-se {- ]-ta-
bw. ⁄m\-_p-≤∑ - m-cpsS AIØp {]Im-in-°p∂ Cu kqcy-
s\-tØ-Sn-bmWv hnZq-cß - f- n¬\n-∂p-t]mepw Pn⁄m-km-ie - `
- -
ßƒ Kpcp-hn-te°v ]d-∂S- p-°p-∂X - .v Hcp alm-flm-hn\v t_mt[m-
Zbw kw`-hn®p F∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ kXy-Pn-⁄m-kp-°ƒ°v Hcn-
SØv Ccn-°s- ∏m-dp-Xn-bp-≠m-hp-Ib- n-√. B _p≤s\ Is≠Øn
At±-lØ- ns‚ k∂n[n-bn-te°v Pn⁄mkp FØn-s∏-Sp-∂-
XmWv temIsØ G‰hpw henb B›-cyw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 89
36
Adn-hn\p i‡n-b-\-¥-ap-≠n-sX-√m˛
adp-Xn-bnSmw ka-b-\y-sb-∂n-hÆw
Ccp-]n-cn-hm-bnXn-e-\y-km-ay-am¿∂p˛
≈p-cp-hn-ea- ¿∂p sXfn™pW¿∂n-tS-Ww-.
Adn-hn\p ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hn\v

i‡n A\-¥-ap≠v ˛ A\-¥-amb i‡n-I-fp-≠v.
CsX√mw ˛ Cu i‡n-I-sf-sb√mw
ka A\y F∂n-hÆw ˛ ka F∂pw A\y F∂p-ap-≈
Ccp-]n-cn-hmbv ˛ c≠p hIp-∏p-I-fmbn
Adp-Xn-bnSmw ˛ Xcw-Xn-cn-®p a\- n-em-°mw.
CXn¬ A\y ˛ Cu ]ncn-hn¬ A\y
km-ay-am¿∂p-≈ ˛ ka-bpsS sFImflyamb
Dcp-hn¬ ˛ kzcq-]-Øn¬
Aa¿∂v ˛ A\p-`-h-km-bpPyw Is≠Øn
sXfn™v ˛ kwi-b-ß-sf√mw ]mtS \oßn
DW¿∂n-tSWw ˛ DW¿∂n-cn-°-Ww.
A dn-hns‚ i‡n-Iƒ Ah-[n-bn-√mØ-Xm-Wv. Adnhns‚

km[y-XI -- ƒ F{X-am{Xaps≠∂v \ap°v FÆn-Øn-´-
s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Adn-hn\p i‡n A\-¥-ap-
≠v. Adnhpw i‡nbpw Hcn-°epw ]ncn-™n-cp-∂n-ń-√. Cu
]ncn-hp-Iƒ _p≤n-bpsS {Kl-W-Øn\p am{X-am-Wv. kXym-
t\z-j-I-\mb HcmfpsS Ah-[m-c-W-Øn-\mbn ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-
°p∂XmWv. Cu i‡n-Iƒ°v s]mXpth c≠p Xcw `m-h-
ß-fmWp≈Xv. Cßs\ hI-Xn-cn®p a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ ""A\y''
F∂ i‡n On{Z-i-‡n-bm-Wv. Adnhv FÆ-a‰ \ma-cq-]-ß-
fmbn th¿]n-cn-bp-∂Xv A\ybpsS {]_eX h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 90
tºm-gm-Wv. ""ka'' GIo-I-c-W-i-‡n-bm-Wv. GIo-I-cWw \S-
°Wsa-¶n¬ ka GI-Xm-\hpw tI{µo-I-c-W-kz-`m-h-ap-≈Xpw
Bbn-cn-°-Ww. On{Z-i‡n k¿hYm Ie-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.
-a-\-xim-kv{X-Øn¬ CXns\ negative mind F∂mWv ]d-bp∂-
Xv. t_m[-Øn¬Xs∂ Ccn-°p∂ sFIy-s∏-Sm-\p-≈ Du¿÷-
Nm-e-\-am-Wv positive mind.
Cu t«m-I-Øn¬ Kpcp kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ kw⁄-Iƒ
‘A\y’ F∂pw ‘ka’ F∂p-am-W.v D]-\n-jØ - p-If- n¬ Cu c≠p
kw⁄-Iƒ hnZy F∂pw AhnZy F∂pw ]c F∂pw A]c
F∂pw hyh-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. temI-hp-am-bn XmZm-fly-s∏-ń-cn-
°p∂ \m\m-Xz-{àw Df-hm-°p∂ _p≤n-bmWv A\y. AXp-
sIm-≠m-WXv Ie-ln-°p-∂X - .v F∂m¬, Bfl-\n-jT v a
- mb _p≤n-
bmWv ka. AXv IqSp-X¬ kvt\l-Øns‚bpw Imcp-Wy-Øn-
s‚bpw ka-\z-bØ - n-s‚bpw hgn-bm-Wv. Cu c≠p i‡n-Ifpw
Adn™pw Adn-bm-tXbpw \Ω-fn-sems° {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-
≠v. ]t£, Ch c≠pw {]mIr-Xn-Ia - mb i‡n-If - m-Wv. AXp-
sIm≠v A\ybpw kabpw _‘-tl-Xp-Ia - m-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bp-
∂Xv Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-c-Øn-te°v AW-b-W-sa-¶n¬ Hcp
L´wIqSn apt∂-td-≠-Xp-≠v F∂mWv .A\ysb kabn¬
tN¿°-Ww. A\ysb A¥¿ap-J-am-°n-thWw ka-bn¬ kao-
I-cn-°p-hm≥. kmay-am¿∂p-≈ Dcp Bfl-kz-cq]w Xs∂-bm-
Wv. AXv t_m[-Øns‚ A[n-jvTm-\amWv. B A[n-jvTm\w
Adn-hns‚ tIh-eX - b - m-Wv. A\y- kabn¬ Aa-cp∂-Xn-eqsS
\mw Aa-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXn\mbn \Ωnse XrjvW-I-
sf√mw HSp-tß-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. At_m-[-Øn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-
°p∂ Ima-˛t- {Im-[˛- t- em` t{]c-WI - ƒ F√mw Hgn™pXo-cWw.
At∏mƒ D≈w sXfn-hp-≈-Xm-bn-Øo-cpw. B sXfn-abn¬
Ft∏mgpw DW¿∂n-cn-°-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 91
37
hnj-a-X-bm¿s∂-gp-a-\y- sh-∂p-sImƒhm≥
hnj-a-a-J-WvUhn-th-I-i-‡n-sbt∂y
hnj-asb sh∂-Xn-\m¬ hnth-I-amIpw
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbm-S-W-™n-tS-Ww.
hnj-a-X-bm¿s∂gpw A\y ˛ A\y F∂ i‡n hnj-a-X-Iƒ

D≠m-°p-∂X - m-Wv.
sh∂p-sImƒhm≥ hnjaw ˛ CXns\ adn-I-S-°p-hm≥ hfsc
{]bm-k-am-Wv.
AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-i-‡n-sbt∂y ˛ F∂m¬ AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-i‡n
bp-s≠¶n¬ km[n-°pw.
AXn-\m¬ ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
hnj-asb sh∂v ˛ A\y-bm-Ip∂ hnj-asb AXn-
h¿Øn®v
hnth-I-amIpw ˛ AJ-WvU-hn-th-I-am-Ip∂
hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n-tbmSv ˛ hnj-b-Øns‚ ]‰en-√mØ
Bfl-t_m-[t- ØmSv
AW-™n-tSWw ˛ tN¿∂n-cp-∂ntS-Ww.
A \ysb Pbn-°p-hm≥ hnj-a-am-Wv. X∂n¬\n∂v F√m-‰n-

t\bpw A\y-YmI-cn®v Adn-bp-∂-XmWv A\y. Cu
{]]©w apgp-h\pw X∂n-¬\n∂v A-\y-am-sW-∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ
Abm-fn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ BZysØ Ahÿ Zmcn{Zy-am-Wv. A∂-
Øns‚ A`mhw am{X-a√ Zmcn{Zyw. C√mbva a\- ns\ _m[n-
®p-Xp-S-ßp-∂n-S-Øp-\n-∂mWv Zmcn{Zyw XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ
temIw apgp-h≥ Xt‚-Xm-°-W-sa∂ B{K-lw Abmfn¬ P\n-
°pw. B{K-l-amWv Abmsf Zcn-{Z-\m-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂ Abmƒ
temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]cn{ia-ßƒ apgp-h≥, Fs¥m-
s°-bmtWm X∂n¬\n-∂v A-\y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv AXn-s\-
sb√mw Xt‚-Xm-°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n-bm-Wv. apgp-h≥ \mK-cn-I-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 92
X-bp-tSbpw hnI-k\w Aß-s\-sbmcp Zmcn-{Zy-Øn¬\n-∂mWv
\S--°p-∂-Xv. kpJw Xnc-bp-∂-Xp-t]mepw temI-hn-jb-ß-fn-
em-Wv.- A-Xns‚ ImcWw, BZy-ta-Xs∂ \mw temIsØ
\Ωn¬\n∂pw A\y-am-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. kmay-`-RvP-\-
Øn¬ \n∂mWv A\y-Xz-_p≤n P\n-°p-∂-Xv.
A\y-Xz-ap-≈ _p≤nsb Pbn-°p-hm≥ Htc-sbmcp hgn-tb-bp-
≈q. Rm≥ ka-t_m-[-ÿn-Xs\-∂d - n-bp-I. Rm≥ ]q¿Æ-s\∂-
dn-bp-I. Rm≥ \mi-an-√m-Øh - s\∂-dn-bp-I. Cßs\ apdn-hn-
√msX Xs‚ kØmt_m[sØ Adn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-
Xn-s\-bmWv AJWvUhnthIw F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - .v hnth-tIm-
Zbw D≠m-bm¬ hnj-bs - sh-ja - y-Øn¬\n-∂p-≈ ap‡n Xmt\
kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≈pw. sshcmKyw _ew ]nSn®p D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-
t°≠X√. kpJ-hk - X
v p-hn-te°v a\ v N©-en-®p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv
kzm`m-hn-Ia- m-W.v F∂m¬ hnthIw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ F√m kpJ-
ß-fp-tS-bpw \ntI-X\w Bflm-hp-Xs - ∂-bm-sW∂v Ah≥ Adn-
bp-∂p. At∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-bn-Xs∂ Ah≥ hnj-bh - n-tcm-
[n-\nbmbn `hn-°p-∂p. hntcm-[a - n-√mØ hntcm[n\n F∂p a\-
n-em-°W - w. hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n\n Bflssa{Xn-X-s∂bm-Wv.
kv{Xoenw-K-Øn-emWv hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n-\n F∂ ]Zw Kpcp
{]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂-Xv. ambm-i‡n F∂pw kvss{XW-am-Wv.
A\ybpw kabpw ambm-i-‡n-I-fm-Wv. AXn¬ ka Bflm-
hn-te°p tN¿°p∂ i‡n-bm-Wv. hnj-asb Pbn-°p-∂Xv
Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnPbw IqSn-bm-sW∂v Hm¿°-Ww. Xo{h-kw-
th-K-ap-≈-h¿°v hnPbw Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]X-RvPen
al¿jn ]d-bp-∂p. AXn\v hnth-Im-`y-k\w XS- -an-√msX
sIm≠p-t]m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. h√-t∏mgpw am{Xw hnNmcw sNbvXm
¬ Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw e`n-°p-I-bn-√. AJ-WvU-hn-thIw
thWw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 93
38
]e-hn-[-am-b-dn-bp-∂-X-\y-sbm-∂mbv
hne-kp-hXmw ka-sb∂p taen-temXpw
\ne-sb-b-dn™p \nh¿∂p kmay-taepw
Ie-bn-e-en™p Ie¿∂n-cp-∂n-tS-Ww.
]e hn[-ambv Adn-bp-∂Xv ˛ Bflm-hns\ ]e-Xmbn Adn-bp-∂Xv

A\y ˛ A\y-bm-Wv.
H∂mbv hne-kp-hXmw ˛ kI-e-Xn-t\bpw H∂mbn Adn-bp-∂Xv
ka ˛ ka-bmWv
F∂v taen--temXpw ˛ CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C\n
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂
\nesb Adn™v ˛ Xs‚ \ne GsX∂p a\- n-em°n
\nh¿∂v ˛ t_m[sØ A\y-bpsS ]nSn-bn¬∂pw
]mtS hnSp-hn®v
kmay-taepw Ie-bn¬ ˛ A[n-jvTm-\-amb \Sp-\n-e-bn¬
Aen™v ˛ kzbw Aen-™p-tN¿∂v
Ie¿∂n-cp-∂n-tSWw ˛ B A\p-`q-Xn-bn¬ Ft∏mgpw
Pohn-®p-sIm-≈Ww.
\y F¥m-sW∂pw ka F¥m-sW∂pw \n¿hNn-°p-∂-

A XmWv Cu ]Zyw. Adnhv \m\m-Xz-Øn-te°pw GI-Xz-
Øn-te°pw Nen-°p∂ kz`m-ht- Øm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX - m-W.v Adn-hns‚
Cu KXo-bX - sb (dynamism) Hcp DZm-lc - W
- Ø - n-eqsS a\- n-
em-°mw. kqcy-civansb Hcp {]nkØneqsS IS-Øn-hn-Sp-Ib - m-
sW-¶n¬ AXv hb-e-‰v, C≥Un-tKm, ªq, {Ko≥, sbt√m,
Hmd©v, sdUv F∂o k]vXh - ¿Æ-ßfn¬ NnX-dn-∏n-cn-bp-∂Xp
ImWmw. F∂m¬ k - q-cy-ci v n-Isf Hcp ImN-Øn-eqsS (lens)
- a
IS-Øn-hn-´m¬ AsXmcp _nµp-hn¬ h∂p tI{µo-Ic - n-°p∂Xpw
ImWmw. {]Imiw ]ncn-™p-\n-ev°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ i‡n
Btflm]tZiiXIw 94
Ipd-bp--Ibpw ImN-Øn-epsS tI{µo-Ic - n-°s- ∏-Sp-tºmƒ AtX
{]Im-iw-Xs∂ GsXmcp hkvXp-hn-t\bpw Nps´-cn-°m≥
t]mcp∂ i‡n B¿÷n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Adnhv Bflm-
hn-te°p tI{µo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns\ ka F∂pw hnj-b-ß-
fnte°p NnX-dp-∂X - ns\ A\y F∂pw a\- n-em-°W - w. tI{µo-
I-cn-°Wsa-¶n¬ A¥¿ap-Ja - m-IW- w. hnj-bß - f - n¬ imiz-X-
ambn tI{µo-Ic - n-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. hnj-bß - ƒ _lp-eß - -
fm-Wv. Adnhv _ln¿ap-Ja - m-Ip-tºmƒ ]e hnj-bß - f
- n-te°v
NnX-dn-t∏m-Im-\p≈ km[y-Xbpw IqSp-Xe - m-Wv. Adnhv tI{µo-
I-cn-°p-tºmƒ [ym\hpw hntI-{µo-Icn-°p-tºmƒ t`mKhpw
Bbn-am-dp-∂p. [ym\w hy‡nsb Poh≥ap-‡\ - m-°p-∂p.
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - f- n¬ tI´p-t]m-cp∂ hnt«-jWw (analy-
sis) Adn-hns‚ A\y F∂ Xe-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´Xm-Wv.
F∂m¬ kwt«-jWw (synthesis) Adn-hns‚ ka F∂ i‡n-
bneqsSbm-Wv. Ch c≠n¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂n\p {]m[m\yw
sImSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-≈ Hcp Pohn-Xh - o-£W- s
- Ø-b√ Kpcp hnI-
kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂X - v. Chbv°p c≠n\pw Ah-bp-tS-Xmb kmwK-
Xy-ap-≠.v {]k-‡nbp-≠.v kasb D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-SØv kasb
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm\pw A\ysb D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-SØv A\ysb
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm\pw Adn-bp-∂h - \ - mWv tbmKn. Aßs\ c≠p
{[ph-ßt- fbpw Ipi-eX - t- bm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°W - s
- a-¶n¬ \mw
\ΩpsS D◊sb Hcp \Sp-\n-eb - n¬ \ndptØ-≠Xp-≠v. AXn\p
\nesb AdnbWw. Bflm-hp-Xs - ∂-bmWv Hcp-hs‚ bYm¿∞
\ne. Bflm-hn¬ \ne-bp-d∏ - n-°p-tºmƒ PohnXw GI-Xm-\hpw
ka-\zn-Xh - p-am-Ip-∂p. a\- ns‚ sI´p-]m-Sn¬∂p≈ tamN-\a - mWv
\nh-c¬. \Sp-\n-eb - mWv kmay-taepw Ie. B Ie-bn¬ Aen-
™p-tN¿∂v AXm-bn-Xs - ∂-bn-cn-°W - w. ChnsS Zzµzm-Xo-X\- m-
bn-Øocp∂ tbmKn I¿Xr-Xz-˛-⁄m-Xr-Xz˛t`m‡rXz tZmj-
ß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw hnap-‡-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 95
39
Acp-fnb i‡n-IsfØpS¿∂p c≠mw
]ncn-hn-h-bn¬ ka-X≥hn-ti-j-taIw
hncXn hcm hnj-am-hn-ti-j-sam-∂n˛
Øc-anh c≠p Xc-Øn-em-bn-Sp∂p.
Acp-fnb ˛ apI-fn¬ ]d™

i‡n-Isf XpS¿∂v ˛ c≠p i‡n-Isf Xp-S¿∂phcp∂
c≠mw ]ncnhv ˛ c≠p ]ncn-h-p-IƒIqSn D≠v.
Ch-bn¬ ˛ Cu ]ncn-hp-I-fn¬
ka-X≥ hntijw ˛ ka-bpsS hnti-jw
GIw ˛ GI-am-Wv.
hncXn hcm ˛ FÆ-a‰
hnj-am-hn-tijw ˛ A\y-bpsS hnti-jßfmWvv
H∂v ˛ thsdm∂v.
CØcw ˛ Cßs\
c≠p Xc-Øn¬ ˛ c≠p Xc-Øn-emWv
Ch ˛ ]ncn-hp-Iƒ
Bbn-Sp∂p ˛ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
k a F∂ i‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw A\y F∂ i‡n-sb-°p-

dn®pw Hcp G-It- Z-i- hn-hc
eqsS \¬In-°g
- Ww Ign™ aq∂p ]Zy-ßf
- n-™p. Ign™ ]Zy-Øn¬ ka-tbbpw A\y-
- n-
tbbpw \n¿-h-Nn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-tSbpw Adn-hn-s\-°p-

dn-®p≈ ]cym-temN\ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. Ipd-®p-IqSn hym]vXn-
bn¬ Adn-hns‚ Cu i‡n-Isf°pdn®v a\- n-em-t°-≠X - p-≠.v
kabv°pw A\ybv°pw kmam-\yw (generic) hnti-jw (specific)
F∂ Xc-Øn¬ ho≠pw Hcp D]-hn-`P - \w Bh-iy-ambn h∂n-cn-
°p-∂p. kmam\yw F∂m¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw H∂n-s®-SpØv ]d-
bp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv. hnti-jw- F-∂m¬ AXn-¬ G-sX-¶nepw
H∂ns\ {]tXy-In-s®-SpØp ]d-bp-∂X - n-s\-bm-W.v hmg F∂Xv
Btflm]tZiiXIw 96
Hcp kmam-\y-]Z- a- m-W.v ]qh≥hm-g, IZ-fn-hm-g, IÆ≥hmg F∂nh
hnti-j-]-Z-ß-fm-Wv. \nc- h [n hnti-j-ßƒ tN¿∂mWv
kmam\yw D≠m-Ip-∂X - .v F∂m¬ Nne-t∏mƒ kmam\yhpw hnti-
j-am-bn-Øo-cm\nS-bp-≠.v hr£w F∂ kmam-\ysØ FSp-°p-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ At\-Ih - r-£ß - f
- n¬ H∂mWv hmg. At∏mƒ hmg
hnti-ja - mbnØocp-∂p. F√m kmam-\yßfpsSbpw kam-\m-[n-
I-cW
- a- m-bn-cn-°p∂ (common basis) H∂mWv Adnhv. At∏mƒ
kasb- kmam-\y-ka˛hntijka F∂pw A\y-sb-Xs∂
kmam\y A\y˛hntij- A\y F∂pw ]ncn-®p-]d - t- b-≠n-hc
- pw.
kabv°v Htcsbmcp hnti-j-ta-bp-≈q. ka Bflm-hm-Wv.
Bflm-hn\v At\-IX - b- n-√. CXv Bflm-hm-Wv, CXv Adn-hmWv
F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ CXv kmam-\yhpw Bflmhv As√-¶n¬
Adnhv hnti-j-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ hn+ka-bmb A\ybpsS
hnti-jß- ƒ hncXn hcm-ØX - m-Wv, hncm-aa
- n-√m-ØX
- m-Wv. {]]-
©-Ønse \ma-cq-]-ß-fpsS _mlp-eyw-t]m-se-Xs∂ A\y-
bpsS hnti-j-i-‡n-Ifpw s]cp-In-s∏-cpIn hcpw. Hcp sNdnb
IoSsØ FSpØp ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ {ian-®m¬Xs∂ \nc-h[n
Bhm-¥c - h
- n-`m-Kß
- f
- n-te°p \ΩpsS khn-tij{i≤ ]S¿∂p
]¥-en-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. B[p-\n-Ii - m-kv{X-Øn\v C{X-am{Xw
imJm-Nw-{I-a-W-{]-h-WX ssIh-∂Xv hnj-a-bmb Adn-hns‚
hnti-j-ßƒ°v hncm-a-an-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. AXp-sIm-
≠mWv B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-Øn\v Adn-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp
Xo¿∏n¬ FØm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv. ka-bpsS hiØv At\z-j-
W-Øn\v Xo¿∏p-≠v. ka-bpsS hntijw GI-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v
]c-a-km-£m-Xv°m-c-Øn¬ \ap°p ]q¿ÆX e`n-°p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 97
40
ka-bnepa\y-bnepw kZm]n h∂n˛
ßa-cp-h-Xp-≠-X-Xn≥ hnti-j-i‡n
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-ep-amsI c≠n-h-‰n≥˛
{à-I-e-bm-e-Jnew {]ta-b-am-Ipw.
ka-bnepw A\y-bnepw ˛ kao-I-cn-°p∂ Adn-hnepw A\y-

Ym-I-cn-°p∂ Adn-hnepw
kZm]n ˛ F√mbvt∏mgpw
AX-Xn≥ hnti-j-i‡n ˛ kabv°v ka-bpsS hnti-j-
i‡-nbpw A\ybv°v A\y-bpsS
hnti-j-i-‡nbpw
h∂nßv Aa-cp-h-Xp-≠v ˛ HØptN¿∂p \n¬°m-dp-≠v.
Aan-X-b-Xm-In-epw ˛ hnti-ji - ‡- n-Iƒ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-
ßm-Øh - b- m-sW-¶nepw
BsI c≠n-h-‰n≥ ˛ BsI-IqSn t\m-°n-bm¬ Cu
c≠p ]ncn-hp-Ifp-tSbpw
{`-a-I-e-bm¬ ˛ {ZpX-N-e\w Imc-W-amWv
AJn-ew ˛ kIe temIhpw
{]ta-b-am-Ipw ˛ Adn-hn\p hnj-bo-`-hn°p∂-Xv.
H cp hkvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®p kmam-\y-ambpw hnti-j-ambpw

\ap-°-dn-bm≥ Ign-bpw. kmam-\y-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Hcp GI-
tZ-i-[m-c-Wtb In´p-I-bp-≈q. hnti-j-⁄m-\-Øn¬ hkvXp-
hns\ kw_-‘n® IrXy-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂p. Hcmƒ
\tΩmSv sNSn I≠n-´pt≠m F∂p tNmZn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
\mw DS-s\-Xs∂ Hcp adp-tNmZyw Atßm´p tNmZn-°pw: ""GXp
sNSn?'' sNSn Hcp kmam-\y-⁄m-\a - m-Wv. B kmam-\y-Øn¬
At\Iw hnti-j\ - m-aß
- ƒ D≈-Sß
- n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. At∏mƒ
‘kqcy-Im-¥n-s®Sn I≠n-´pt≠m?’ F∂p {]tXy-In-s®-SpØp
tNmZn®m¬ Abmƒ°v a\- n-em-Ipw. IrXy-amb Adnhv Abmƒ
Btflm]tZiiXIw 98
°v e`n-°p-∂p. CXp-t]mse Hcp Ip™p hf¿∂p-hc- p-tºmƒ
temIsØ kw_-‘n® hnti-jm-\p`hßsf kzmb-Øa - m-°p-
hm≥th≠n-bmWv A—-t\mSpw AΩ-tbmSpw tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-
°p-∂X
- v. Hmtcm tNmZyhpw kmam-\y-Øn¬\n∂pw hnti-j
sØ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ At\z-j-W-am-Wv.
ka F∂ Adn-hnepw A\y F∂ Adn-hnepw Cßs\
kmam\yw F∂pw hntijw F∂pw D≈ c≠p ]ncn-hp-Isf∏‰n
Ign™ ]Zy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®p-ht√m. hnti-j-i-‡n-Iƒ
Ft∏mgpw kmam-\y-tØmSptN¿∂v h¿Øn-°m-dp-≠v. FÆn-bm-
semSp-ßmØ Xc-Øn-ep-≈ hnti-jß -- f
- mWv Hmtcm hkvXp-
⁄m-\Ønepw Ccn-°p-∂X - v. Hcp ]qjv]sØ-Xs - ∂ ]cn-tim-
[\bv°v FSpØp-t\m-°p-tºmƒ Hcm-bncw tNmZy-ßƒ B
]pjv]sØ kw_-‘n®p \ap-°-dn-bm≥ B{K-l-ap-≠m-Ipw.
]qhns‚ \ndw, aWw, BIr-Xn, PmXn F{X-Imew B ]qhv
Pohn-°pw? AsX-ßs - \-bmWv ]cm-KWw \S-Øp-∂X - ?v Cßs\
XpS-ßp∂ tNmZy-ßƒ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßm-Ø-Xm-Wv. kmam-
\y-Øn\pw hnti-jØ - n\pw CS-bn¬ Adnhv Gdn-am-dn-Øn-cn-bp-
∂p-≠v. \mw AX-dn-bm-dn-s√∂p am{Xw. Hcp h≠v Nnd-IS- n-°p-
∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ {ZpX-KX - n-bn-emWv Adn-hns‚ Cu {]{Inb \S-
°p-∂X - v. Adn-hn¬ \S-°p∂ `m\-hrØn apJm-¥c-amWv temI-
Øn-ep-≈sX√mw \ap°v {Kmly-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂X - v. {]am-Xmhv,
{]tabw, {]a Ch aq∂pw tN¿∂mWv hnj-b⁄ - m-\Ø- nse
{Xn]p-Sn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. {Xn]p-So-⁄m\w {à-am-Wv, Ab-
Ym¿∞-am-Wv. ASpØ c≠p t«mI-Øn¬ C°mcyw DZm-lc - -
W-kl - nXw Kpcp hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 99
41
"CXp IpS'sa-∂-Xn-em-Zy-am"an-sX'-∂p˛
≈Xp hnjam "IpS'tam hnti-j-am-Ipw
aXn apX-emb atl-{µ-Pm-e-ap-≠m˛
hXn-\n-Xp-Xm≥ Icp-sh∂p I≠n-tS-Ww.
CXp IpSw F∂-Xn¬ ˛ CXp IpSamIp∂p F∂ hmIy-Øn¬

BZy-amw ˛ BZyw ]d™
"CXv' F∂p-≈-Xv ˛ CXv F∂ k¿h-\maw Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv
hnj-am ˛ A\y-bpsS kmam-\ysØ-bmWv.
IpS-tam ˛ IpSw F∂ hm°p-sIm≠v
A¿∞am-°p-∂Xv
hnti-j-am-Ipw ˛ A\y-bpsS hnti-jsØbm-Wv..
aXn apX-em-b ˛ _q≤n apX-emb -hr-Øn-I-fpsS
atl-{µ-Pm-ew ˛ C{µ-Pmew t]msebp-≈ {]Xo-Xn-Iƒ
D≠m-h-Xn-\v ˛ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v
CXp Xm≥ ˛ "CXv' F∂ A\y-bpsS kmam-\y-
i‡n-bmWv
Icp-sh-∂v ˛ Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v
I≠n-tS-Ww ˛ a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≈-Ww.
C Xp-hsc ]d™ A\y-bpsS kmam-\yw˛hntijw F∂

Xc-Øn-ep-≈ {]h¿Ø-\sØ \ΩpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-
Øn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp ZrjvSm-¥-Øn-eqsS Kpcp hy‡-
am-°n-Ø-cn-I-bm-Wv. CXp IpSw, CXp ]Sw Fs∂ms° \mw
]d-bm-dp-≠-t√m. Cu hmIysØ \mw icn-bmbn A]-{K-Yn®p
t\m°n-bn-´pt≠m? ""CXv'' Hcp \n¿t±-i-I-k¿h-\m-a-am-Wv.
F¥n-t\tbm \n¿t±-in-°p-I-bmWv ""CXv'' F∂ ]Zw-sIm≠v
sNøp-∂-Xv. Hcmƒ \nß-tfmSv ""CXv'' F∂ hm°p ]d™p
\ndpØp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \nß-fpsS D≈n¬ Hcp BImw£
Btflm]tZiiXIw 100
ap‰n-\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. B BImw-£bv°v ia\w hcp-
Ø-Ww. AXp tNmZy-ambn ]pd-Øp-h-cpw. \mw tNmZn°pw:
"CXv F¥mWv?' CXv F∂ kmam-\y-⁄m-\-Øn¬ FÆ-a‰
hnti- j - ⁄ m- \ ßƒ D≈- S - ß n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . kmam\y-
⁄m\w Ahy-‡a - m-Wv. hnti-j⁄ - m\w hy‡-am-Wv. kmam-
\y-⁄m\w kqtcym-Z-b-Øn\p apºp≈ {]`mXw t]mse-bm-
Wv. Zriy-ßƒ H∂p-wXs∂ hy‡-ambn ImWp-I-bn-√. Zriy-
ßƒ Ccp-ń-em-b-Xp-sIm≠v Zriy-ßƒ C√ F∂p ]d-bm-\m-
hn-√. hy‡-am-bn-ń√ Ft∂ ]d-bm-s\m-°q. kqcy-\p-Zn-®m¬
Zriy-ßƒ hy‡-am-Ipw.
""CXv'' F∂Xv Hcp Ahy-‡X - b- m-Wv. CXp IpS-am-Imw.
CXp aT-am-Imw, CXp ]S-am-Imw, CXp ]p√m-Imw, CXp ae-
bmImw...... Cßs\ CXv F∂ kmam-\y-Øn¬\n∂v FÆ-a‰
hnti-j⁄ - m-\ß - ƒ D≠m-Imw. t_m[-Øn-emWv kv]jvSo-I-
cWw \S-t°-≠X - v. Ip™p-ßf - n¬ \mw Cu kv]jvSo-Ic - W
- -
amWv D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂X - v. CXv F∂ kmam-\y-t_m[w
temI-Ønse kI-e- \ma-cq-]-ß-tfbpw K¿`w [cn-®ph®ncn-
°p-∂p-≠v. At∏mƒ CXv F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv k¿h-Øn\pw P∑w
sImSp-°p∂ P\-\n-bm-Wv. a\- v, _p≤n, NnØw, Al-¶mcw
Cu A¥-°c - W
- h - r-Øn-Iƒs°√mw Icp-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw CXv
B-Wv. A¥-°c - W- ß - f
- n¬ A\p-`h - c- q-]Ø
- n¬ sXfn-bp∂ \ma-
cq-]ß
- s - f√mw ambm-hy-hl - n-Xß- f - m-Wv. Ah-bpsS bmYm¿∞yw
XXv°me-tØbv°v am{Xta D≈q. hyh-lm-cZ- i - b
- n¬ {]]©w
Ds≠∂p tXm∂pw. kz]v\-Øns‚ anYymXzw Dd°apW-cp-
tºmƒ t_m[y- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X p- t ]mse ⁄m\w hcp- t ºmƒ
⁄m\n°v {]]-©hpw C{µ-Pm-ek - a - m-\a
- m-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-
Spw. C°mcyw hfsc kq£va-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\- n-em-t°
≠XmWv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 101
42
"CZ-ad- n'sh-∂X- n-em-Zy-am-"an-sX'∂p˛
≈Xp kaXs‚ hnti-ja- mWp t_m[w
aXn apX-em-bh - s- bms° amdn ta¬ kZv˛
KXn hcp-hm-\n-Xn-s\-`P - n-®n-tSWw.
CZw Adnhv F∂-Xn¬ ˛ CXv Adn-hmWv F∂ hmIy-Øn¬

BZy-amw ˛ CZw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv
ka ˛ ka-bpsS kmam-\y-i‡ - n-sbbmWv.
Xs‚ ˛ kmam-\y-i-‡n-bmb ka-bpsS
hnti-ja- mWv ˛ hnti-j⁄ - m-\a- mWv
t_m[w ˛ t_m[w F∂p-≈Xv.
aXn- ap-X-em-b-h-sbms° ˛ A¥°c-WhrØn-Is- fms°
amdn ˛ C√m-Xmbn
ta¬ ˛ F√m-‰n\pw D]-cnbp≈
kZvKXn hcp-hm≥ ˛ Bflkm£m-Xv°mcw hcp-hm≥
CXns\ ˛ ka- F∂ Adn-hns\
`Pn-®n-tS-Ww ˛ CS-hn-SmsX [ym\n°-Ww.
Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ka F∂ Adn-hns‚ i‡nsb DZm-l-

c-W-k-lnXw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. "CXv Adnhv'
F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ CXv F∂ kmam-\yhpw Adnhv F∂ hnti-
jhpw tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ign™ DZm-l-cWwt]mse s]s´
∂p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp DZm-lc- W
- a
- √ CXv. ImcWw
[ym\m-fl-I-amb a\- p-sIm≠p am{Xta Cu hmIy-Øns‚
A¿∞sØ AXns‚ kv]jvS-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ {Kln-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
H∂mbn Adn-bp-∂-XmWv ka. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬
ChnsS ]d-bp∂ Adnhv Ht∂-bp-≈q. Rms\mcp hkvXp-hns\
ImWp∂p, i_vZsØ tIƒ°p∂p, aWsØ {Lm-Wn-°p-∂p,
Btflm]tZiiXIw 102
cksØ cpNn-°p-∂p, kv]¿isØ A\p-`h - n-°p∂p. Ch-sbm
s° Adn-hp-I-fm-Wv. Rm≥ Hcp tdm-km-]qhns\ ImWp∂p
F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ Rm≥ ImWp-∂h - ≥, ImWs∏Sp∂ hkvXp-
hmb tdmkm-]pjv]w, Fs∂bpw tdmkm-]p-jv]-tØbpw
tN¿°p∂ ImW¬- F∂ {Inb ˛ C{Xbpw Imcy-ßsf hyh-
t—-Zn®dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-b-Ww. At∏mƒ ImW¬, tIƒ°¬,
kv]¿in-°¬, cpNn°¬, Nn¥n-°¬ Chsb√mw Adn-hns‚ -
{- In-bmt`-Zß
- f
- m-Wv. Ic-Wt- `-Zß
- f
- mWv {In-bm-t`-Zß
- f
- mbn hcp-
∂-Xv.
CXnse Adn-hns\ am{Xw \Ωƒ GI-ambn Adn-b-Ww.
Htc-sbmcp Adn-hmWv ImgvN-bmbpw kv]¿i-ambpw Hs°
hcp-∂-Xv. C{µn-b-hy-Xym-k-amWv Adn-hns\ \m\m-Xz-ap-≈-Xm-
°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv. Adn-hns‚ sFIysØ hnti-jn-s®-SpØv
a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ _p≤n-bn¬ kw`-hn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {àm-fl-IX ]mtS \oßnt∏m-Ipw. ka kao-
I-cn-°p∂ i‡n-bm-Wv. inYn-e-i-‡n-bmb A\y-bn¬\n∂pw
]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ kasb kam-{i-bn-°-Ww. A\y-bn¬\n∂pw
]nSn-hn-Sp-hn-°m-\p≈ Bflm-hns‚ Ir]m-i-‡n-X-s∂-bmWv
ka. ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ka Bflm-hn¬Xs∂
HSpßpw. Aflmhv am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-°pw. NnZvkz-cq-]-amb
Adn-hn¬ ÿnX-{]-⁄X ssIh-cpw. AXp-sIm≠v Ft∏mgpw
F¥-dn-bp-tºmgpw CX-dnhv...CX-dn-hv...CX-dnhv... F∂v `Pn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. F√mw Adnhp am{Xw. Adn-hn¬ \n∂-\y-
ambn H∂p-an-√. At∏mƒ \ap°pw kZvKXn hcpw. kZvKXn
tam£-am-Wv. ZpxJ-Øn¬\n∂pw _‘-\-Øn¬\n-∂p-ap≈
tam£w.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 103
43
{]IrXn ]nSn®p Npg-‰nSpw {]Imcw
kpIr-Xn-Iƒt]mepatlm! Npg-∂n-Sp-∂p!
hnIrXn hnSp-∂-Xn-\mbn the sNbvho˛
eIrXn êm-{K-l-a-‰-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
{]IrXn ˛ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
]nSn-®pNpg-‰nSpw {]Imcw ˛ i‡-amb Npgn-bn¬s]´p Itc-dm-
\m-ImsX
kpIr-Xn-Iƒt]mepw ˛ k∑m¿§-k© - m-cn-Iƒt]mepw
Atlm! Npg-∂n-Sp-∂p! ˛ \neIn´msX \´wXncn-bp∂Xv
B›-cyw-Xs∂!
hnIrXn hnSp-∂-Xn-\mbv ˛ I¿Ω-_‘w hn´p-In-´p-∂-Xn-\mbv
the sNbvhoe AIrXn ˛ \njv{In-b-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xtam-
Kp-Wh
- ¿≤n-\n-bmb AIr-Xn-bm-Wv.
êm-{K-l-a‰v ˛ hnln-X-I¿Ω-ßƒ ^te-—-Iq-
SmsX sNøpIbpw
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ km£n-cq-]-Øn¬ h¿Øn-
°pIbpw thWw.
{] Ir-Xnsb \mw hyh-lmc-`m-j-bn¬ ]d-bm-dp-≈ A¿∞-

Øn-e√ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. {]m]-©n-I-k-Ø-bn¬ \S-
°p∂ F√m {Inb-I-fp-tSbpw Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂Xv {]Ir-Xn-
bm-Wv. AsXmcp \nb-a-amWv. B \nb-asØ ewLn-°p-hm≥
Ignbp-I-bn-√. ewLn-®m¬ Cc-ń-i-‡n-tbmsS AXp Xncn-®-
Sn-°pw. {]IrXn Hmtcm Pohn-bnepw hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¶nepw
F√m- ‰ n- t \bpw Hcp hyh- ÿ - b n¬ sIm≠p- h - c p∂ kma-
RvPkyw {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ BIth DW¿∂p h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.
B hyh-ÿbv°v [¿Ωw F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬
Xs∂-bp-≈ c≠p-Xc - w ]nSn-he
- n-If
- p-≠v. H∂v NnX-dn-sØ-dn-®p-
t]m-Ip∂ i‡n. B i-‡n-bp-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏´v a\p-jy-\S- -
°-ap-ff F√m Pohn-Ifpw he-bp-Ib - mWv sNøp-∂X - v. F∂m¬
Btflm]tZiiXIw 104
[¿Ω-Øns‚ am¿§-Øn-eqsS [¿Ωn-sb Adn-™psIm-≠p≈
GIm-fl-I-amb Hcp bm\-ap-≠v. AXp Pohn-XsØ DZm-Øo-I-
cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B hgn-b-neqsS k©cn-°p-tºmgpw ho≠pw
\sΩ On{Z-i-‡n-Iƒ Bt«-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. AXmWv
hnIrXn. hnIr-Xn-bpsS ]nSn-bn¬s]-´m¬ AXn¬\n-∂pw Ducn-
t∏m-cm≥ \njv{In-bX- ztam Ae-kX- tbm Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ib
- √
th≠-Xv. \njvIm-a-amb I¿Ω-hym-]m-c-amWv th≠-Xv.
Nne¿°v Fs¥-¶nepw ZpxJ-ap-≠m-hp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿
ivaim-\s - sh-cm-Kn-Is
- f-t∏mse H∂pw sNømsX Hcn-SØp NS-
™p-IqSn Ccn-°pw. \njv{In-bXzw ]men-®X - p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS
ZpxJw Xocp-∂n-√. imco-cn-I-am-b \njv{In-bXzwsIm≠v am\-
kn-Ia- mbn Ah¿°v hnIr-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw hn´p-t]m-cm≥ Ignbmdn-
√. H∂pw sNøm-Xn-cn°p-∂Xv AIr-Xn-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bnse
\nb- a - ß ƒ F√m Pohn- I fpw A\p- k - ‘ m\w sNø- W w.
AXn¬\n-∂pw Hgn™p-am-dm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. Zmln-°p-∂h- ≥
sh≈w IpSn- ° - W w. hni- ° p- ∂ - h ≥ A∂w Ign- ° - W w.
CsX√mw Bh-iy-ßf - mWv. Pohn-°p∂ Pohn-Iƒs°√mw Cu
Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-dp-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-th≠n I¿Ωw
sNø-Ww. I¿Ω-ßƒ Rm≥ sNøp∂p F∂ `mhw ]mSn-√.
I¿Ω-ßs - f√mw {]Ir-Xn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. Rm\mWv I¿Ωw sNøp-
∂-sX∂p `mhn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS ê-Øn¬
F\n°v Imw-£bpw kwKhpw D≠m-Ipw. AXp _‘-\a - m-Wv.
kpIr-Xn-Iƒt]mepw _‘-\-Øn\v ASn-s∏-Sp-∂p. \√
I¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-∂-h-cmWv kpIr-Xn-Iƒ. \n¿[-\-\\v hoSp-
≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂Xv \∑-bm-Wv. ]t£ "Rm≥' hoSp-≠m°n
Zm\w \¬In F∂ Nn¥ \sΩ _‘n-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v
{]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw tamNn-Xcm-Im≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ \√
I¿Ω-ßf - psS I¿Xr-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw tamNn-Xc
- m-IW
- w. F∂n´p
^te-—-bn-√msX I¿Ωw sNø-Ww. At∏mƒ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
I¿Ωw hy‡n-bn-eqsS \nd-th-ds∏Sp-∂p. \mw I¿Ω-ßƒs°
√mw km£n-bm-bn- h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 105
44
]e-a-X-km-c-hp-ta-I-sa∂p ]mcm˛
Xpe-In-sem-cm-\-bn-e-‘-sc-∂-t]mse
]e-hn-[-bp‡n ]d™p ]ma-c-∑m˛
ce-hXp I≠-e-bm-X-a¿∂n-tS-Ww.
]e-a-X-km-chpw ˛ ]eXmb- hyh-ÿm-]nXa-X-ß-fp-

sSsb√mw kmcw
GIw ˛ H∂p-Xs- ∂-bmWv.
F∂v ]mcmsX ˛ CXp a\- n-em-°msX
De-In¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
Hcm-\-bn¬ ˛ Hcp B\sb∏‰n
A‘-sc-∂-t]mse ˛ A‘-∑m¿ X¿°n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse-
]e-hn-[-bp‡n ]d™v ˛ ]e-am-Xn-cn-bp-≈ hmZ-ßƒ D∂-bn®v
]ma-c-∑m¿ ˛ Adn-hn-√mØ P\w
Ae-hXp I≠v ˛ e£y-t_m-[-an-√msX Np‰n-Øn-cn-
bp-∂-Xp-I-≠v
Ae-bmsX ˛ \mw Ah-sc-t∏mse Ae-bmsX
Aa¿∂n-tSWw ˛ Bfl-t_m-[-Øns‚ hy‡-X-bn¬
\ne-sIm-≠n-tS-Ww.
F {X-sb{X aX-ß-fmWv Cu `qap-J-Øp-≈-Xv. t]sc-SpØp

]d-bm-hp∂ {]kn-≤-amb aX-hn-`m-K-ßƒ {InkvXp-a-Xw,
C…mw-a-Xw, lnµp-a-Xw, PqX-a-Xw, _p≤-a-Xw, ssP\-a-Xw,
kn°p-a-Xw, jnt‚m-a-Xw, Xmthm-a-Xw, I¨^yq-jnb≥ aXw,
]m¿kn-aXw Ch-sb-√m-am-Wv. Ch IqSm-sX-Xs∂ [mcmfw
Ahm-¥-c-a-X-hn`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. Cu aX-ß-sfms° F¥n-\p-th-
≠n-bmWv ChnsS kwÿm-]n-Xa - m-bn-´p-≈Xv? kam-[m-\Ø
- n\p
th≠n-bm-Wv. F√m aX-ßfpw apt∂m´p hbv°p∂ e£yw
H∂pXs∂-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c≥ Ht∂-bp-≈q As√-¶n¬ kXyw
Ht∂-bp≈q F∂v F√m-hcpw ]d-bp-∂p. AtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂
Btflm]tZiiXIw 106
aX-Øns‚ N´°qSp-Iƒ°pw A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ°pw BNm-c-
ßƒ°pw {]Xy£-Øn-ep-≈ hyXym-kß - ƒ I≠p-t]m-cp-∂p-
ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v kmam-\y-P\w A¶-em-∏n-em-bn-cn-°p-Ib - m-
Wv. AXp Xo¿°m-\mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂X
- ,v ]e-aX
- k
- m-chpw GIw
F∂v. F√m aX-ßf - ptSbpw kmcw H∂msW-∂v.
GsXmcp e£y-Øn-te-°mtWm aXw Du∂p-∂-Xv, B
e£yw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. AXmWv aX-Øns‚ kmcw. F√m
\Zn-Ifpw IS-en¬X-s∂-bmWv sN∂ptNcp-∂-Xv. GXp hgn-I-
fn-eqsS k©-cn-®mepw Ah-km\w Cuiz-c-\nemWv \ap°v
ebnt°≠-Xv. ]t£, a\p-jycmin CX-dn-bm-dn-√. B\sb
ImWm≥t]mb Ipcp-S-∑m-sc-t∏m-se-bmWv Chn-sS-bp-≈ Bfp-
Iƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp Ipcp-S≥ ]d-bp-∂p, B\ Nqep-
t]m-se-bm-sW-∂v. thsdmcp Ipcp-S≥ ]d-bp-∂p, B\ ]\-¥-
Sn-t]mse-bm-sW-∂v. C\n-sbmcp Ipcp-S≥ ]d-bp-∂p, B\ apdw-
t]m-se-bm-sW-∂v. Ipcp-S\v B\sb ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√-t√m?
Ah¿ B\-bpsS Hmtcm Ah-b-h-sØ-bmWv ]nSn-®p-t\m-°nb-
Xv. Ah¿ FØn-t®¿∂ \nK-a\ - amWv Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂X - v. F∂m
¬ B\-sb∂ Pohnsb apgp-h\ - mbpw Ah¿°p ImWm≥ Ign-
bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Hmtcmtcm bp‡n-Iƒ ]d™v Ah¿ X¿°n-
°p-∂p.
aX-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw Cu amXncn X¿°-ßƒ \S-
°p-∂Xv \Ωƒ tI´p-t]m-cm-dp-≈X - m-Wv. Bbncw h¿j-an-cp∂p
X¿°n-®mepw Hcp ]cn-lm-chpw Cu Xm¿°n-I-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬
D≠m-Ip-hm-≥ t]mIp-∂n-√. A\p-`-h-Øm¬ am{Xta X¿°-
ßƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-I-bp-≈q. \mw AXp-sIm≠v X¿°-sa√mw
Ah-km-\n-∏n®v aX-Øns‚ kmcw A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ A\p-`-
hn-®d
- n-bW
- w. AXp im¥n-bm-Wv.... AXv kam-[m-\a - m-Wv... AXv
]q¿Æ-Xb - m-Wv...-AXv kvt\l-am-Wv... AXv B\-µa
- m-Wv.... AXv
kzmX-{¥y-am-Wv... AXv kmtlm-Z-cy-am-Wv....
Btflm]tZiiXIw 107
45
Hcp aX-a-\y\p \nµy-sam-∂n-temXpw
Icp-h-]-cs‚ IW-°n-\q-\-amIpw
[c-bn-enXns‚ cl-ky-sam-∂p-Xm-s\˛
∂dn-h-fhpw {à-sa-∂-dn-™n-tS-Ww.
Hcp aXw A\y\p\nµyw ˛ Hcp aX-hn-izm-kn°v thsdmcp aX

hnizm-ksØ \nµy-ambn tXm∂p-∂p.
H∂n-temXpw Icp ˛ Hcp aX-Øn¬ ]dbp∂ kXyw
A]-cs‚ IW-°n\v ˛ as‰mcp aX-hn-izm-kn-bpsS ho£-
W-Øn¬
Du\-amIpw ˛ hnI-e-am-Wv.
[c-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
CXns‚ clkyw ˛ aX-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw kmc-am-bn-cn-
°p∂ clkyw
H∂p-Xm≥ ˛ H∂p-Xs- ∂-bm-Wv.
F∂ Adn-h-fhpw ˛ C°mcyw Adn-bp-∂-Xp-hsc,
{àw ˛ kzaX-hn-izmkhpw CX-c-a-X-\n-µbpw
shdpw NnØ-{àw am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw.
F∂v Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ CXn-¬ t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
F √m aX-ßf
´p-hb
- p-tSbpw kmcw GI-am-sW-∂mWv Kpcp apt∂m-
- v°p∂ aX-Z¿i-\Ø - ns‚ A¥- m-cw. CXp ]d-bp-
tºmgpw ChnsS \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ aX-hy-h-lm-c-ßsf Kpcp
IW-°n-se-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂n-√. Hcp aX-hn-izm-kn°v thsdmcp
aX-hn-izm-knsb ]p—-am-Wv. Xs‚ hnizm-k-amWv icn, A]-
cs‚ hnizmkw sX‰mWv Fs∂mcp [mc-Wb - mWv F√m aX-
I-el- ß
- ƒ°pw bp≤-ßƒ°pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X- v. thsdm-
cp-hs‚ aX-hnizm-kØ - n¬ Ak-ln-jW v pX ]pe¿Øp∂ at\m-
`mhw Bim-ky-a√ - . {InkvXp-aX
- Ø
- n¬ kz¿§-ÿ\ - mb ]nXm-
hn-s\-bmWv k¿th-iz-c-\mbn ImWp-∂-Xv. C…mw-a-X-Øn¬
Btflm]tZiiXIw 108
A√m-lp-hn-t\bpw PqX-aX - Ø- n¬ btlm-ht- bbpw ]c-tam∂-
X-\mb \mY-\mbn {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂p. `mc-XØ - n¬ inh-t\bpw
hnjvWp-hn-t\bpw tZhn-tbbpw ]qPn-°p-∂ aX-hn-izmkßfp≠v.
Ch¿°v ]c-kv]cw tN¿∂p Pohn-°m≥ Ft¥m Hcp {]bm-
kw-t]m-se-bmWv. C…mw-aX - °- m-c≥ akvPn-Zn¬t]mbn \nkvI-
cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXym\n ]≈n-bn¬ t]mbn Ip¿_m\ \S-Øp-
∂p. lnµphmIs´ t£{X-Øn¬ t]mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw
]qP-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Cu _mly-amb Pohn-X-{I-asØ aXambn sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-
t]m-cp∂ Hcp P\X hfsc Ak-ln-jvWp-Xm-]q¿hw CX-c-a-
X-ÿs‚ Pohn-X-{I-a-ß-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv
\mw ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. Cu t«mI-Øn¬ a\p-jy-a-\- ns‚
Ielkz`m-hsØ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-I-bmWv Kpcp sNøp-∂-
Xv. aX-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw kmcw H∂-msW∂ clkyw Adn-bp-
∂-Xp-hsc a\p-jy≥ Imń-°q-´p∂ Cu tIm{]m-b-ß-sf√mw
shdpw {`m¥m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. aX-c-lkyw
Adn-bp∂ Hcmƒ Hcp {kjvSm-hns‚ F√m krjvSn-I-tfbpw
ka-`m-h-\-tbmsS ImWpw. Ah-tbmSv kvt\l-tØm-tSbpw
lrZ-bm-\p-`mh-tØm-tSbpw s]cp-am-dpw.
aX-ß-fpsS sFIyw Zm¿i-\n-I-am-Wv. tIhew hnizm-k-
Øn¬ am{Xw A[n-jvTn-X-a-√. hnizm-k-ß-fn¬ Adn-hn-√m-
bvabpw auVy-hp-ap-≠v. ]e-t∏mgpw ÿm]n-X-XmXv-]-cy-ap≈
aX-kw-LS- \
- I
- ƒ aXm-\p-bm-bn-If
- n¬ am’-cn-IX \ne-\n¿Øn-
s°m-≠p-t]m-Im≥ t_m[-]q¿hw A‘-amb hnizm-ksØ
hf¿Øm≥ {ian-°pw. hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw hnth-I-Øn-
te°pw ⁄m\-Øn-te°pw hy‡n hf-tc-≠p-∂-Xns‚ Bh-
iy-I-X-sb-bmWv Kpcp D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. aX-Øn¬\n∂pw a\p-
jy-Xzhpw Poh-Im-cp-Wyhpw Hcn-°epw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-Im≥
]mSn-√. aX-`n-∂-X-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-∂Xv aX-km-c-Øn-ep≈ A\-
`n-⁄-X-sIm-≠mWv F∂v Adn-b-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 109
46
s]mcpXp Pbn-∏-X-km-≤y-sam-∂n-t\m-sSm˛
s∂mcp aXhpw s]mcp-Xm-sem-Sp-ßp-hoe
]c-a-X-hmZn-bn-tXm¿Øn-SmsX ]mtg
s]mcp-Xp- s]m-en-™n-Sp-sa∂ _p≤n-th-Ww.
s]mcpXp Pbn-∏Xv ˛ bp≤-Øn-eqsS A\y-a-XsØ

tXmev]n-°m-sa-∂p-≈Xv
Akm≤yw ˛ Akm-[y-am-Wv.
H∂n-t\m-sSm-∂v ˛ Atßm´pw Ctßm´pw
s]mcp-Xm¬ ˛ s]mcp-Xn-s°m≠v
Hcp aXhpw ˛ Hcp aX-tØbpw
HSp-ßp-ho-e ˛ D∑q-e\w sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ibn√.
]c-a-X-hmZn ˛ Xs‚ aX-a-√mØ aX-ß-tfm-
sSms° hntZz-j-ap-≈-h≥
CXv Hm¿Øn-SmsX ]mtg ˛ CXp a\- n-em-°msX shdptX
s]mcpXp s]men-™nSpw ˛ s]mcpXn Xpe-™p-t]mIpw
F∂ _p≤n thWw ˛ F∂ shfn-hp-≠m-I-Ww.
a Xw Pohn-X-Øn¬ kam-[m-\hpw kvt\lhpw shfn-®hpw

]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°m\p-≈-Xm-Wv. GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚ hN-
\-ß-fmWv aX-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. B hN\w ssZh-Øns‚ GI-
XzsØ Dd-∏n-°p-∂Xpw temI-Po-hnXw ssZth-—b\p- -cn®v
\S-∏n-¬ htc-≠Xm-sW∂pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂XpamWv.
Cuiz-cs‚ C— ka-kvX-Po-h-Pm-e-ßfneq-tSbpw \nd-th-d-
s∏-Sp-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ kam-[m\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h∂-W-
bpw. F∂m¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZth-—sb \nd-th-dm≥ kΩ-Xn-
°m-dn-√. Ah≥ Ah-t‚-Xm-b kzm¿∞-e£y-ßfpw ImgvN-
∏m-Sp-Ifpw sa\-s™-SpØv AXn-eqsS Ahs‚ Hcp Imev]\n-
I-temIw krjvSn-°m≥ {ian-°pIbmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Aß-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 110
s\-bmWv Ct∏mƒ \ne-hnep≈ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-a-X-ß-fn¬
]nSn-hm-in-Ifpw ZpximTy-ßfpw Ib-dn-°q-Sm≥ CS-bm-b-Xv.
am{X-a-√, aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-
cn®v aX-Øns‚ i‡n h¿≤n-°p-sa-∂p-≈ sX‰mb Hcp
[mcW kaq- l - a - \ - n- e p- ≠ v . Aß- s \- b mWv aX- ß ƒ
kwLSn-X-am-Im≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv.
kwL-Sn-X-aXw `qan-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw A[o-i-Xz-
Øn\pw th≠n CX-c-a-X-ÿsc ]mtS D∑q-e\w sNøm≥
{ian-®n-´p-≈Xpw {ian-°p-∂-Xp-amb Ncn{Xw \ap°p ]cn-
Nn-X-am-Wv. bqtdm-∏n¬ D≠mb Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-ßfpw Z£n-
tW-¥y-bn¬ ssihcpw sshjvW-hcpw XΩn-ep≈ t]mcm-
´-ßfpw aX-Øns‚ A{I-tam-’p-I-a-t\m-`m-hsØ shfn-hm-
°p- ∂ - X m- W v . CX- c - a - X m- \ p- b m- b n- I sf sIm√p- ∂ - X n- e qsS
Xß-fpsS aX-Øn\p Pbn°mw F∂p-≈- Nn¥m-K-Xn-bn¬
aX-XØz-Øn\v \nc-°mØ Hcp sshcp-≤y≠v.
ssZhw kvt\l-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw, B kvt\lsØ
\ntj-[n-°p∂ bp≤-ß-fn¬ aXw G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv
aqey-h-Ømb PohnXw \bn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p∂ a\p-jy¿°v
kwL-Sn-X-a-X-ß-tfmSp-Xs∂ ]p—w tXm∂p-hm≥ CS-bm-°n-
bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bYm¿∞-aXw kwL-Sn-Xtam hyh-ÿm-]n-
Xtam A√. AXv a\p-jy\pw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep-ff {]W-bm-
\zn-X-amb Pohn-X-am-Wv. AhnsS A\p-`-h-km-{µ-na-bpsS Hcp
sFIyap≠v. B sFIyw ]c-am-ÀmZ-Ic - a
- m-Wv. CsXm∂pw Adn-
bmsX ]c-kv]cw a√-Sn®p Nmhp∂ sXcp-hp-\m-bv°sf-t∏mse
aXm-\p-bm-bn-Ifpw aX-h-‡m-°fpw Cu temI-Øn¬ s]cp-
am-dp-∂Xv Gsd IjvS-amWv! Aev]w Dƒsh-fn-®-ap≈-h¿ Cß-
s\-bp-≈ t]mc-Sn-°p∂ aXXo{h-Xsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I-
bn-√. aXw-am-‰-Øns‚ ]n∂n-ep≈ a\x-im-kv{Xhpw am’-cn-
IX Xs∂-bm-Wv. aX-ßƒ X-Ωn¬ ]c-kv]cw a\- n-em°m-
\mWv Kpcp D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. Ie-ln-°m-\-√.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 111
47
Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xn-∂p-c-∏-sX-√m˛
hcp-anXp hmZn-I-fm-cp-tam¿°p-hoe
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn™ ]WvUn-X-∑m˛
cdn-bp-an-Xns‚ cl-ky-an-ß-ti-jw.
Hcp aX-am-Ip-h-Xn∂v ˛ ChnsS Hcp aXw am{Xta th≠q.

F√m-hcpw ˛ F√m aX-ß-fnse Bfp-Ifpw
Dc-∏X
- v ˛ CXmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv.
CXv ˛ B aXw Xß-fpsS aX-am-bn-cn-°Ww
F∂Xnse s]mcp-Ø-t°Sv
hmZn-If- mcpw ˛ aX-hm-Zn-If
- m-cpw-Xs∂
Hm¿°p-hoe ˛ Hm¿°p-∂-tX-bn-√.
]c-a-X-hm-Z-sam-gn-™ ˛ a‰p aX-ßƒs°-Xnsc hmZ-hn-hm-Z-
ß-sfm∂pw C√mØ
]WvUn-X-∑m¿ ˛ ⁄m\n-Iƒ
CXns‚ clkyw ˛ aX-hm-Z-ß-fpsS ]n∂nse A¥ m-c -
hn-lo-\-X-bpsS anYymXzw
Cßv Ati-jw ˛ ChnsS ]q¿Æ-ambn
Adnbpw ˛ Adn-bp-∂p.
tem I-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp aXta th≠q. At∏mƒ Ie-l-

ß-sf√mw Xocpw. CXp ]d-bp-∂-hsc kq£n-°-Ww.
Ah-cpsS a\- n-en-cn∏v XßfpsS aX-am-bn-cn-°Ww B aXw
F∂m-Wv. Hcp lnµp-hns‚ B{Klw, Xs‚ aX-amWv temI-
Øn¬ \ne-\n¬-t°-≠Xv F∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp {InkvXym-
\ntbm apk¬amt\m Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS aX-Øn-\mWv
B alna Nm¿Øn-sIm-Sp-°p-∂X- v. AXp-sIm≠v aX-ku-lm¿±-
ßfpw a‰pw Bfp-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-sems°
Btflm]tZiiXIw 112
Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ Iptd \nc¿∞-I-X-I-fp-≠v. kulm¿±w ]d-
bp-∂-h-cmcpwXs∂ Ah-cpsS ]nSn-hm-inIfpsS tcmKm-Xp-c-
amIpwhn[w Dd®pt]mb NphSv am‰nhbv°m≥ Xøm-d-√. Ah-
c-h-cpsS aXw Ah-c-h¿°v {]nb-s∏-´Xv Xs∂-bmWv. ]t£,
temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿ ]ckv]cw _‘-s∏´p Pohn-
t°≠nhcp-tºmƒ aX-Po-hn-X-Ønse sshIm-cn-I-X-I-fp-ambn
Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm Dc-k-ep-Iƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. sNdn-
sbmcp Xos∏mcn Bbn-cn°pw BZyw {]I-S-am-hp-I. ]ns∂,
AXv Bfn-∏n-Sn-°pw. òI-c-amb \c-ta[-ß-fn-te°phsc aX-
kw-L¿j-ßƒ FØn-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \mw Znh-tk\ I≠p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ \·-k-Xy-ß-fm-Wv. kza-Xm-k-‡nbpw ]c-a-X-\n-
µbpw h¿÷y-ß-fm-Wv. aXsØ ]pd-ta-\n∂p t\m°n-°m-Wp-
tºm-gmWv hmZ-ßƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xv. aX-Øns‚ ckm-\p-`qXn
Bkz-Zn-®-h\v X¿°-ß-fn-√. Ah≥ F√m aX-ßfp-tSbpw
XØz-]-c-amb GIX a\- n-em-°p-∂p. aX-hm-Zn-Iƒ°v A\y-
a-X-\n-cm-I-cWØn\p-≈ X{X∏m-Sn¬ Imcp-Wyhpw kvt\l
hpw h‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂p. Xs‚ aX-tØm-Sp≈ sshIm-cn-I-Xo-{hX
\nanØw aX-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-bmbn Ah≥ amdp-∂p. aX-Øns‚
Dƒ mcw ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°m\p≈ {]m]vXn-bn-√mØ ]utcm-
ln-Xy-amWv aX-hm-Z-Øn\v hfw-h-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.
ssZhw GI-am-sW∂pw Cu {]]-©Ø - n-ep-≈ F√mw ssZh-
kr-jvSn-I-fm-sW∂pw A¥-cm-flm-hn¬ A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp∂
⁄m\n-Iƒ aX-hn-tZz-j-an-√msX am\-h-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h≥
sFIy-tØbpw {]_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ I¿Ω-ß-fn-eqsS aX-Po-
hn-XsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-dp-≠v. Ah-sc-bmWv ]WvUn-X-∑m¿
F∂p Kpcp hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]WvUnX∑m¿ ka-Z¿in-
I-fm-Wv. Bflm-\p-`-hn-I-fp-am-Wv. Ah¿ ssZhsØ icn-bmbn
Adn-bp-Ibpw AXp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah¿°p
am{Xta aX-I-e-l-ß-fn-√msX aX-Øns‚ A¥-kØ {]Im-
in-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 113
48
X\p-hn-e-a¿∂ icocn, Xs‚ kØm˛
X\p-hn-e-sX-s‚-Xn-sX-s‚-sX∂p k¿hw
X\p-X-sbm-gn™p [cn-®n-Sp∂p km£m˛
e\p-`-h-im-en-I-fm-an-tXm¿°n-emcpw.
X\p-hn¬ Aa¿∂ ˛ icoc-hp-ambn XmZmflys∏´

icocn ˛ Poh≥
Xs‚ ˛ Xs‚
kØm-X-\p-hn¬ ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬
AXv F-t‚Xv ˛ AXpw Ft‚-XmWv
CXv Ft‚Xv ˛ CXpw Ft‚-XmWv
F∂v ˛ F∂nßs\
k¿hw ˛ F√m-‰n-t\bpw
X\p-X-sbm-gn™v ˛ aa-X-bn-√msX
[cn-®n-Sp∂p ˛ km£m-XvI-cn°p∂p.
CtXm¿°n¬ ˛ C°mcyw t_m[ys∏´m¬
Bcpw ˛ GsXm-cmfpw
km£m¬ ˛ {]Xy-£-Øn¬
A\p-`-h-im-en-Ifmw ˛ A\p-`-h-im-en-I-fmIp∂p.
A l-¶m-c-amWv _‘-\w. Al-¶m-c-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ hnSp-

X-emWv km£m-Xv°m-cw. ""Rm≥ ico-c-amWv'' F∂
_p≤n- b mWv \sΩsb√mw _‘n- ∏ n- ° p∂ Al¶mcw.
A⁄m\w \nan-Ø-amWv \Ωn¬ Bfl-t_m[w {]Im-in-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-∂X
- v. ico-cØ
- ns‚ ]cn-an-Xa
- mb AkvXn-Xb
- n¬ Rm≥
Fs‚ kzXzsØ a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ Rm\-√mØ \nc-h[n
ico-c-ßƒ°v _lp-e-amb AkvXnX \mw A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-
Sp-°p-∂p. Ah-sbm∂pw Rm\-√. Rm\-√m-Ø-h-tbmSv F\n°v
BI¿j-Whpw hnI¿j-Whpw Nne-t∏mƒ DZm-ko-\-Xbpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 114
tXm∂mw. _lpXzw ZpxJ-am-Wv. ZpxJw A⁄m-\-P-\y-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ Cu A⁄m-\-Øn¬\n∂pw \ap°p ]pd-Øp-I-S-°p-
hm≥ Kpcp Hcp hgn ]d™pX-cp-∂p. Cu hniz-Ønse kIe
Ncm-N-c-ß-tfbpw Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ D◊-bn¬ tN¿Ø-dn-bp-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ Bfl⁄m\nbmbn amdp-∂p. Abmƒ
H∂pw-Xs∂ X∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn A\p`-hn-°p-∂n-√.
BIm-iØnepw A¥-cn-£Ønepw `qanbnepsa√mw Fs‚
D◊ A¥-cy-man-bmbn h¿Øn°p-∂p. Rm≥ F√m-‰nepw F√mw
F∂nepw hkn-°p-∂p. Fs¥m-s°-bpt≠m AsX√mw Ft‚-
Xm-Wv. Ft‚Xp am{X-a√ AsX√mw Rm≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cß
s\ GIm-flI - a
- mb Hc-dn-hp-≠m-IW
- s
- a-¶n¬ F∂nse aa-Xm-
t_m[w Hgn-™p-t]m-I-Ww. X\pX Hgn-b-Ww. Bflm-\p-`-hn-
I-fm-Im≥ C{X-bpw sNbvXm¬ aXn. F√m-‰n-t\bpw lrZ-b-
Øn¬ ]p¬Ip-I. At∏mƒ hnizw apgp-h\pw \sΩ Bt«-jn-
°pw. Al-¶m-c-Øns‚ kzIm-cy-K-lz-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-
Øp-I-S-°p-I. hniz-Øns‚ D◊-bn¬ Aen-™p-tN-cp-I. AXn-
cp-I-fn-√m-Xm-Ip-∂-XmWv B\-µw. Cßs\ Pohn-XsØ Adn-
bp∂ Bcpw km£m¬ A\p-`-h-im-en-IƒX-s∂. Hcn-°¬
Ck F∂ ssl°q Ihn {]`m-X-k-hm-cn-°v C-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ
a™p s]øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ihn-bpsS apf-s¥m∏nbn¬ lna
[qfn-Iƒ AS-cp-I-fmbn Ipan-™p. At∏mƒ Ihn sXm∏n bn¬
hnc-tem-Sn®psIm≠v Hcp Ip™p-I-hnX sNm√n.
When I think of it
As my snow, how light it is
On my bamboo hat.
Fs‚ apfwsXm∏n-bn¬ Ipan™ lna-h¿jsØ ""Fs‚

s]mSn-a™v'' F∂\p`hn°p-tºmƒ CXn-s\mcp `mc-hp-an-
√t√m! CXmWv X\pX Hgn™p [cn-®n-Sp∂ hgn. F√mw
Ft‚-sX∂p Icp-Xp-I. t`Z-_p≤n C√msX F√m-‰nepw kz¥w
D◊ Z¿in-°p-I. kz¥w Ip™v AΩbv°v `mc-am-Im-Ø-Xp-
t]m-se.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 115
49
AJn-e-cp-am-fl-kp-J-Øn-\mbv {]b-Xv\w-
k-I-e-hp-anßp kZm]n sNbvXn-Sp-∂p-
P-K-Xn-bn-en-Ω-X-ta-I-sa∂p Nn¥n˛
®L-aW - b- m-XI
- X- m-ca- ¿Øn-tS-Ww.
AJn-ecpw ˛ F√m-hcpw
Bfl-kp-J-Øn-\mbv ˛ Bfl-kp-J-Øn-\p-th-≠n-
{]bXv\w ˛ I¿Ω-ßƒ
kI-ehpw Cßp ˛ F√m-hn-[-Ønepw ChnsS
kZm]n sNbvXn-Sp∂p ˛ Ft∏mgpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
PK-Xn-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
CΩXw ˛ Bfl-kp-Jm-t\z-jWw F∂ aXw
GIw ˛ H∂p- am{X-ta-bp-≈q.
F∂p Nn¥n®v ˛ Cu Nn¥sb Duń-bp-d-∏n®v
AL-aW - b
- msX ˛ Zqjy-Nn-¥-I-fn¬ AI-s∏-SmsX
AI-Xm¿ ˛ A¥-cw-KsØ
Aa¿Øn-tSWw ˛ Bflm-hn-e-a¿Øn hbv°Ww.
F √m-hcpw I¿Ωßfn¬ hym]r-X-cm-Ip-∂Xv kpJ-Øn-\p-

th-≠n-bm-Wv. ZpxJw Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈ {iaw-t]mepw
kpJm-t\z-j-WØns‚ `mK-am-Wv. kpJw thW-sa∂ Imcy-
Øn¬ B¿°pw Hcp X¿°hpan√. lnµp-hm-bmepw {InkvXym-
\n-bm-bmepw ap…nambmepw kpJw thWw. sImSnb ]oU-\-
ßfpw bmX-\-Ifpw A\p-`-hn®v Hcp-h\pw Hcp aX-Ønt‚bpw
A\p-`m-hn-bm-hp-I-bn-√. Ah≥ kpJ-ap-≈ aX-Øn-te°p
t]mIpw. tZim-S\- ]
- £
- n-Iƒ Imem-hÿ- m-t`Zw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ
hnZq-c-ß-fn-te°p ]d-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se.... -F-¥n-\m-Wh
]d-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv? kpJw thWw. a\p-jy≥ X¿°-an-√msX
H∂n-°p∂ Hcp kXy-am-WnXv. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp ]pXnb
Btflm]tZiiXIw 116
Hcp aXsØ ÿm]n-°pI-b√ sNbvX-Xv. aX-Øns‚ ImX-
emb XØzsØ Gh¿°pw a\- n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ Fgp-
Xn-Ø-cn-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ]e-a-X-km-chpw GIw F∂Xv
Hcp ka-\z-b-a-{¥-am-Wv. Bflm-hn¬ aX-km-csØ kvt\l-
ambn kv]¿in-®-dn-b-Ww. lrZ-b-Øn¬ Imcp-Wy-ambn aX-
kmcw hgn-s™m-gp-I-Ww.
Aev]-t\cw izmk-X-S w D≠m-bm¬ aXn \Ωƒ hnΩn-
´s∏Spw. {]mW≥ XS-bs - ∏-Sp-∂Xv kpJ-Øns‚ \ntj-[a - m-W.v
kzmX-{¥yhpw kpJhpw H∂n-®mWv h¿Øn-°p-∂X - .v C¥y-bn¬
am{X-a√- , F√m cmjv{S-ßf - n-ep-≈ P\-ßfpw kpJm-t\z-jn-Iƒ
Xs∂-bm-Wv. GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈ kpJ-amWv th≠-Xv? \nXy-
amb kpJw. AXp Is≠-Øp-∂X - p-hsc AXnepw CXn-ep-sams°
kpJw s\mń-\p-W™v \S-°pw. ]t£, Bfl-kpJw am{X-amWv
]q¿Æ-kp-Ja - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - .v F√m bm{X-Ifpw F√m At\z-j-
W-ßfpw, F√m Ne-\ß - fpw, F√m t{]c-WI - fpw Bflm-hn-te-
°p-≈X - m-Wv. temI-Øn¬ Cu aXw As√-¶n¬ A`n-{]mbw
GI-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°W - w. Cu XØzw a\- n-em-°n-bn´v
kzm¿∞-Xs - Im≠v Zqjn-Xa - m-ImsX a\- ns\ Bflm-\µ - Ø
- n¬
hne-bn-∏n-°W - w. At∏mƒ Hcmƒ lnµpthm {InkvXym-\ntbm
ap…otam Bbn-cn-°p-Ib - n-√. BZy-¥h - n-lo-\a - mb kXy-km-Kc - -
am-W,v ⁄m\-km-Kc - a
- m-W,v B\-µk - m-Kc- a
- m-W.v
A√m-lphpw {InkvXphpw IrjvW\pw Bflm-hn-emWv H∂m-
bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. Bflm-hn¬ B\-µk - z-cq-]n-If
- mbn Ch¿ h¿Øn-
°p- t ºmƒ aX- I - e - l - ß ƒ D≠m- h p- I - b n- √ . a\p- j y- \ n¬
kvt\lhpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw XØzmh-t_m-[a - n-√msX P\n-
°p-Ib - n-√. aXsØ {KŸ-ßf - n-eqsS am{Xw kao-]n-®m¬ t]mcm.
A\p-`h - h
- i- Ø - p-\n∂pw ]qcn-∏n-°W - w. thsdm-cp-hs‚ kpJw
sISp-Øn-°f - b- p-∂X- mWv ]m]w. Adn-hn-√m-bvab - mWv ]m]-tl-
Xp. Bflm-\µn thsdm-cp-hs‚ B\-µsØ l\n-°p∂ {]hr-
Øn-Iƒ sNøp-Ib - n-√. Abmƒ Xs∂-Øs∂ thsdm-cp-h\ - nepw
ImWp-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 117
50
\ne-samSp \oc-Xp-t]mse Im‰p Xobpw
shfn-bp-a-lw-IrXn hnZybpw a\ pw
Ae-I-fp-am-gn-bp-sa-∂p-th-≠-sb√m˛
hpe-Ip-ap-b¿∂-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-∂p.
\ne-samSv ˛ `qan- XpSßn

\ocv AXp-t]mse ˛ AXp-t]mse Pew
Im‰v ˛ hmbp
Xobpw ˛ A·n
shfnbpw ˛ BIm-iw-h-sc-bp-≈ ]©-`q-X-ßfpw
Alw-IrXn ˛ Alw-Im-chpw
hnZybpw ˛ _p≤nbpw
a\ pw ˛ a\ pw
Ae-Ifpw ˛ Xnc-Ifpw
Bgnbpw ˛ ISepw
F∂p th≠ ˛ am{X-a√
F√m DeIpw ˛ F√m temIhpw
Db¿∂v ˛ hnIm-kw -{]m-]n®v
Adn-hmbn ˛ ]c-am¿∞-m\p`hambn
amdn-Sp∂p ˛ amdp∂p.
B tflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øns‚ a≤y-`m-KØp hcp∂ Cu

t«mI-Øn¬ {]⁄-bpsS hnImk]cn-Wm-asØ Kpcp
FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. ÿqe-Øn¬ A`n-ca - n-®n-cp∂ a\p-jy≥
ÿqesØhn´v kq£vaØ - n-te°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬
ÿqe-Ønse B\µw Xp—hpw ss\an-jn-Ih - p-am-Wv F∂-h≥
Xncn-®d
- n-bp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hnth-tIm-Zb
- Ø
- n-eq-sS-bmWv CØc-
Ønsemcp ]cn-Wmaw t_m[-Øn¬ kw`hn-°p∂-Xv. aÆn¬
]Wn-sb-SpØv aÆn¬\n∂pw In´p-∂-Xp-am{Xw Xn∂p Pohn-
°p∂ a\p-jy¿ Aev]w-IqSn kq£va`q-Xa - mb Pe-XØ - zsØ
Btflm]tZiiXIw 118
Adn-bp-Ibpw Ipd-®p-IqSn kq£va-`q-X-amb A·n-X-ØzsØ
Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns∂ hmbp-X-ØzsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw ]ns∂
k¿h-hym-]n-bm-b BIm-it- Ømfw hnI-kn-Xa - m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. ÿqe-Øn¬\n∂pw kq£va-Øn-te°v Db¿∂
Xs‚ kØsb Adn-bp-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv {]⁄m-]-cn-Wm-
aw. Adn-hmWv Hcp-hs‚ \nP-kz-cq-]w. ]©-`q-X-ßfpw A¥x-
°-c-W-ßfpw Adn-hns‚ km£m-Xv°m-c-Øn\v XS- hpw
adbpw krjvSn°p-∂p. Rm≥ ]rYzn-b-√, Pe-a-√, tXP- -√,
hmbp-h-√, BIm-i-a-√, A¥-°-c-W-ß-f-√, _lp-e-ß-fmb
\ma-cq-]-ß-f√ F∂v Xp—-am-b-Xns\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-
km\w \ncm-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w A\n-tj-[y-amb
AkvXn-Xb - p≈ kXy-amb Rm≥ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. B Rm≥
Bflm-hm-Ip-∂p, Adn-hm-Ip-∂p. \ncm-I-c-W-Øns‚ am¿§w
Aev]w Zpjv°c - amWv. am{X-a√
- , sXfn™ hnth-IØ - n-t‚bpw
i‡-amb sshcm-Ky-Øn-t‚bpw ]n≥_ew B am¿§-Øn\v
Bh-iy-ap-≠p-Xm-\pw.
F∂m¬ am{Xta Xs‚ \nP-kz-cq]sØ Al-¥m-aa - X
- m-Zn-
I-fn¬\n∂pw hn⁄m-\ß - f
- psS Ipg-ad- n-®n-epI-fn¬\n∂pw a\-
ns‚ \qem-am-e-I-fn¬\n∂pw Hs° hnap-‡-am°m\m-hpI-
bp-≈q. IS¬X-s∂-bmWv Xnc. IS¬ kmam-\y-amWv. Xnc
hnti-j-hpw. kmam-\y-Øn¬ At\Iw hnti-j-ßƒ AS-ßn-
bn-cn-°pw. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-ambn FÆ-a‰ Xnc-Iƒ IS¬∏-c-
∏n¬ B¿Ø-et®°mw.. B Xnc-If - n-epw IS-enepw D◊-bm-
bn-cn-°p∂Xv Pe-am-Wv. \ma-cq-]m-flI
- a - mb F√m temI-ßfpw
Adn-hns‚ tIh-e-kz-cq-]-X-bn¬\n∂pw- Dd∂p hcp∂ Aar-
XXcw-K-ß-fm-Wv. Ah Adn-hn¬Xs∂ ASßp-∂p. CXmWv
Pohn-XØ- ns‚ ]c-tam∂-Xa - mb \ne.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 119
51
Adn-hn-en-cp-s∂m-c-l¥bmZy-ap-≠m-bv˛
hcp-an-Xn-t\m-sSm-cn-Z¥ hma-bmbpw
hcp-anh c≠p-e-]-ßƒt]mse ambm˛
ac-a-Jnew ad-sb-∏-S¿∂n-Sp-∂p.
Adn-hn-en-cp∂v ˛ A[njvTm-\-amb Adn-hn-¬\n∂v

Hcp Al¥ ˛ Hcp Alwt_m[w
BZyw D≠mbv hcpw ˛ BZyw apf-s]m-´pw.
CXn-t\mSv ˛ Al-¥-bpsSIqsS
Hcp CZ¥ ˛ Hcp {]m]-©n-I-t_m-[hpw
hma-bmbpw hcpw ˛ Al-¥°p ]cn-]q-cI - a- mbn D≠m-Ipw.
Ch ˛ Cu Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw
c≠p De-]-ßƒt]mse ˛ c≠p h≈n--Iƒt]mse
ambm-acw ˛ ambbmIp∂ -acw
AJnew adsb ˛ Adn-hns\ ad-®p-sIm≠v
]S¿∂n-Sp∂p ˛ ]S¿∂p-]-¥-en-°p∂p.
\mw Adn-hm-W.v Adnhp am{X-am-W.v Adn-h√ - msX c≠m-a-

sXmcp kØ \ap-°n-√. Adnhv A[n-jvTm-\hpw kzcq-
]-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu XØzw \mw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Cu ad-
hnbv°v Imc-W-amb ambm-X-Øz-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ Kpcp
ChnsS kpXcmw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. A[n-jT v m-\a
- m-b Adn-hmWv
kI-eX - n-t\bpw {]k-hn-°p∂ AΩ. FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ
{]]-©P - m-eß- sf {]k-hn-°p-∂X
- n-\p-apºv BZyw-Xs∂ tIh-
e-amb Adnhv kzbw `n∂n-°p-∂p. BZyw Al-¥b - mWv {]Xy-
£-s∏-Sp-∂X - .v Al-¥b
- n¬ ⁄mXr-Xzhpw I¿Xr-Xz-hpw t`m‡r-
Xzhpw AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠.v Al¥ Poh-\m-Wv. Poh≥ ico-chpw
a\- p-ambn XmZm-flys∏´v kzbw ]cn-an-X\pw Aev]-\p-am-
sW∂v apV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p; A]q¿Æ-\m-sW∂v A⁄m-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 120
\-Øm¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Pohs‚ Bh-iy-ßsf ]cn-]q-cWw
sNøm-\m-bmWv {]]©w hnc-Nn-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- .v {]]-©sØ
CZ¥ F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂Xv. CXv C∂-Xm-Ip∂p F∂v thZn-
∏n-°p-∂-XmWv CZ-¥. CXv ]{Xw, CXv Nn{Xw, CXv acw, CXv
\Zn F∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - mWv CZ-¥. CZ¥ \ma-cq-]m-fl-
I-am-Wv. \m\m-hn[ sshNn-{Xy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. Cu apgp-
h≥ {]]-©-{]-Xn-`m-k-ßƒ°pw Imc-W-amWvv CZ-¥. CZ¥
Ime-tZ-i-kw-bp-‡-am-Wv.
Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw ]c-k] v c- w thgvNb- n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-
XmWv hyh-lm-cw. hyh-lm-cØ - n¬\n∂pw a\ v hf-cm≥ XpS-
ßp-∂p. AXv {]mXn-`m-kn-It- em-IsØ kwc-Nn-°p-∂p. CtXmsS
Adn-hns‚ \ncp-]m-[n-Iamb tIh-eX - b - n¬\n∂pw \mw AS¿∂p-
t]mcp∂p. c≠p h≈n-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ abm-acw AJn-esØ
ad-®p-sIm-≠mWv ]S¿∂p ]¥-en-®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v AJnew Bflm
hmWv, Adn-hm-Wv. Hcp achpw AXns\ s]mXn-™p-\n-ev°p∂
h≈n-IfptSbpw Nn{XWw ambm-k-µ¿`-Øn¬ HuNn-Xy-]q¿Æ-
am-Wv. achpw h≈n-Ifpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv amb-bpsS {]Xo-
I-ß-fm-Wv. ambm-a-c-Ønse Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw BIp∂
h≈n-Iƒ ⁄m\-kz-cq-]sØ ad-®psIm≠mWv Xg-®p-h-f-cp-
∂-Xv. ambmacw Bh-c-W-i-‡nbmWv. h≈n-Iƒ hnt£-]-i-
‡n-bpw. ambm-acw Adn-hns‚ {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-Xsb ad-bv-°p-
tºmƒ h≈n-bnse FÆ-a‰ Ce-Iƒ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p
t]cpw BIm-chpw {]Xn-`bpambn Pohs\ tamln-∏n-°p-∂p.
Bfl-hn-kva-c-W-Øns‚ aqe-Im-cWw thZn-∏n-°p∂ Cu
t«mIw [ym\n-®p-d-∏n-®mte {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ XØzm-
h-X-c-W-Øns‚ coXo-hn-[m\w (methodology) \ap°p a\- n-
em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. kXyw Ht∂-bp-≈p. AXv Adnhv
am{Xw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 121
52
[z\n-a-b-ambvKK\w Pzen-°p-a-∂m˛
fW-bp-a-Xn-¶-e-ti-j-Zr-iy-Pmew
]p\-ch- nsS {Xn]p-Sn°p ]q¿Øn \¬Ipw
kz\-hp-a-S-ßp-anSw kzbw{]Imiw!
[z\n-a-b-ambv ˛ {]W-h-[z\n \nd-™p Xqhn

KK\w ˛ Bflm-Imiw
Pzen°pw ˛ shfn-®-Øns‚ \nd-IS-embn
Pzen°pw
A∂mƒ AXn-¶¬ ˛ Cu A\p-`-hm-ar-X-e-l-cn-bn¬
Ati-jZ- r-iy-Pmew ˛ apgp-h≥ \ma-cq-]m-flI
- Zriyßfpw
AWbpw ˛ sI´p-t]m-Ipw.
]p\chnsS ˛ ]ns∂ AhnsS
{Xn]p-Sn°v ˛ Adnhv aq∂mbn ]ncn-™v
]q¿Øn-\evIpw ˛ {]I-S-am-Ip∂
kz\hpw ˛ i_vZhpw
ASßpw ˛ AS-ßpw.
CSw ˛ B CSw
kzbw {]Imiw ˛ kzbwtPym-Xn-kz-cp-]-amb
Bflm-Imiw- X-s∂-bm-Wv.
{] Xy£-Øn-ep-≈ A¿∞w ]d-™m¬ Cu t«mI-Øns‚

apgp-h≥ ckm-\p-`q-Xnbpw s]men-™p-t]m-Ipw. A\p-`q-
Xn-k-º-∂-\mb Hcp tbmKn-bpsS lrZ-b-I-a-e-Øn¬ Dƒt®¿
∂n-cn-°p∂ {]W-h[ - z-\nsb hm°p-If - n¬ ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥
Ign-bpIbn√. Fs¥-∂m¬ {]Whw kwKo-X-Øns‚ kwKo-
X-hpw A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS \nd-hp-am-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏w B kwKoXw
au\-Øn-s‚ au\-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. au\sØ hn\n-abw sNøm-
\p≈ am[y-a-ambn `mj C\nbpw hnI-kn-®n-ń-√. Kpcp-hns‚
`mj anÃn-°¬ Xe-Ønte°v ]cn-h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Cu t«mI-
Øn¬ ImWm-\m-Ipw. KK-\hpw [z\nbpw tafn-°p-∂ A\p-`q-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 122
Xn- bp‡n-Nn-¥-bv°-[o-\-a-√. F√m bp‡n-Ifpw Bflm-\p-`q-
Xn-bpsS l¿jmXn-tc-I-Øn¬ \njv{]-`hpw \ncm-[m-c-hp-am-
bn-Øo-cpw. imkv{Xo-b-amb `mj Ihn-X-bn-te°v sX∂n-t∏m-
Ip-∂Xv Cu \n¿hr-Xn-bn-em-Wv.
[z\nsb i_vZho-Nn-bm-bn-´mWv \mw Adn-bp-∂X - v. i_vZ
hoNn ]pd-ta-\n∂pw tIƒ°p-∂X - √
- . Bfl-KK
- \
- Ø
- ns‚ A\¥-
hn-im-eX
- b
- n¬ Pm÷z-ey-am-\a - mbn \nd-™p-hgn-bp-∂XmWv B
{]W-h-\n-\Zw. Ccp-fn-a-bpsS Hcp sNdp-]mSp-t]mepw AXn¬
Xßn-\n-ev°p-∂n-√. \mw Adn-™Xpw Adnbm-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-
amb F√m temIm-\p-`-h-ßfpw Cu ]obq-j-h¿jm-h-en-bn¬
apßn-t∏m-Ipw. Rm≥ B\-µn-°p-∂-h-≥ Ft∂m CsX√mw
Fs‚ {]nb-hn-j-b-ßƒ Ft∂m ]d-bm≥ AhnsS \mhp
s]mßp-I-bn-√. Adnhv ]ncn™v {Xn]p-Sn-IfmIp-∂ eoem-hn-
em-khpw HSp-ßpw. temIm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ am{Xta {Xn]p-Sn-
Iƒ°p ÿm\-ap-≈q. Aeu-In-I-amb \mZ-[m-c-bn¬ {Xn]p-Sn-
Iƒ°p kv^q¿Øn \evIp∂ kz\hpw a{µ-a-[p-c-ambn ebn-
®p-tN-cpw. {Xn]p-Sn-Iƒ°v Imc-W-am-b i_vZw {]W-h-km-{µ-
amb kwKo-X-ambn amdpI-bm-Wn-hn-sS. Bflm-Imiw apgp-h≥
kzbta shń-Øn-f-ßp-∂p. AI]p-d-ß-fn-√m-sX. samgn-am-dm-
\m-ImØ clkyw amkvac - n-Ia - mb _nw_m-tbm-P\ - ß- f- n-eqsS,
A\ym-Zr-i-amb cN-\m-]m-S-h-tØmsS Kpcp Cu t«mI-Øn¬
hn\y-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tbmKn-{]-h-c-\mb Kpcp-hns‚ k¿K-Ip-
i-e-Xsb Aº-c-t∏msSbpw B›-cy-]c-X-tbmsSbpw am{Xta
t\m°n-°m-Wm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 123
53
CXn-se-gp-am-Zn-a-i-‡n-bnßp ImWp˛
∂nXp kIew s]dpamZn-_o-P-am-Ipw
aXn-b-Xn-em°n ad-∂n-SmsX ambm˛
aXn-b-dp-hm≥ a\\w XpS¿∂n-tS-Ww.
CXn-segpw ˛ kzbw-{]-Im-in-X-amb Cu Adn-

hn¬\n∂pw Bhn¿`-hn-°p∂
BZn-a-i‡n ˛ BZn-a-amb i‡n
Cßp ImWp∂ ˛ ChnsS \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-ambn
ImWs∏Sp∂
CXp kIew ˛ kakvX PK-Øn-t\bpw
s]dpw ˛ {]k-hn-°p∂
BZn-_oPw BIpw ˛ BZn-a-amb _oP-am-Wv.
aXn AXn-em°n ˛ hnjb_p≤nsb B BZn-a-˛
_o-P-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øn
ad-∂n-SmsX ˛ Bflkz-cq-]sØ ad-°msX
ambm-aXn Adp-hm≥ ˛ amb- sIm≠ph∂ {à_p≤n
Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n
a\\w XpS-¿∂n-tSWw ˛ XpS¿®-bmbn a\\w sNøWw.
A dnhv \nt›-jvS-a-√. AXp kzbta {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂XmWv. {]Im-in-°pI F∂m¬ {Inbm-fl-I-am-
IpIbm-Wv. {Inb sNø-W-sa-¶n¬ i‡n thWw. Adn-hn¬X-
s∂ kl-P-amb Hcp i‡n-bncn-°p∂p-≠v. B i‡n-bpsS
BthKw sIm≠mWv {]]-©-Øn-ep-ff F√mw Ncn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn°p-∂-Xv. Cu BZn-a-i-‡nsb {]]-©-Øns‚ BZn-Im-
c-W-ambn `mc-Xo-b -Ejn-am¿ FÆn-t∏m-cp-∂p. CXp kI-e-
Øn\pw AΩ-bm-Wv. Cu AΩ-bmWv {]]-©sØ {]k-hn-
°p-∂X - v. kIews]dpw BZn-_oPw F∂mWv Kpcp CXns\
]d-bp-∂X - .v Cu BZn-am-Xm-hn¬ _p≤nsb Dd-∏n-°W
- w. AsXmcp
Btflm]tZiiXIw 124
ka¿∏-W-am-Wv. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ `‡nZ¿i\w Cß-
s\-bm-Wv. AXv BZn-_o-Pm-\p-k-‘m-\-am-Wv. \manhnsS Imń-
°q-´p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ `‡n-b√ AXv. BZn-P-\-\nsb Hcp
\nizm-k-Øn¬t]mepw ad-°msX Hm¿-Øn-cn-°p∂ `‡n-bm-
W-Xv. Kpcp-hns‚ `‡n-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ \h-hn-[-`-‡n-bnse kvac-
W-Øn\v {]Y-a-ÿm\w ssIh-cp-∂p. \mw Hm¿t°≠Xv hnj-
b-sØ-b-√, hnj-bm-[n-jvTm-\-sØ-bm-Wv. GsXmcp t{kmX-
n¬\n-∂mtWm {]]-©-Øns‚ Dev]-Ønbpw ÿnXnbpw
ebhpw D≠m-Ip-∂Xv B Dd-hn-S-Øn¬ a\- ns\ Dd-∏n®p
\ndpØn hmk-\m-\miw hcp-thmfw a\\w XpS-c-Ww.
an°-hmdpw \Ωnsems° At_m-[-Øns‚ A‘-Im-cØ
≈n-®-bm¬ Bfl-hn-kva-c-W-Øn\v CShcm-dp-≠v. hnkva-c-
WØn\p ImcWw temI-Po-hn-X-Øn-ep≈ sImXnbpw AX-
\p-`h
- n-°m-\p≈ A\n-b-{¥n-Xa
- mb Bk-‡n-bp-am-Wv. Bflm-
hn-ep≈ {i≤ sX‰p-tºmsgms° t_m[-]q¿hw Bfl-kvarXn
sb XncnsI ÿm]n-°-Ww. DW¿∂ t_m[-ap-≈-h\v Bflm-
hnte°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-hm≥ Ffp∏w Ign-bpw. [ym\m-fl-I-amb
PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-h¿°v Bflm-hn¬\n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-
∂Xv thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-Wv.
Pem-ep-±o≥ dqan akv\m-hn-bn¬ ]mSp∂p: ""XmbvØ-≠n¬
\n∂pw AS¿∂p-t]m∂ Hcp ]p√m-¶p-g-emWv Rm≥. t{kmX-
n-te°p Xncn-®p-t]m-Im-\p≈ hnem-]-amWv Fs‚ kwKo-
Xw. Krl-Øn¬\n∂v Zqtc-°p-t]m-bh- ≥ Xncn®p hoń-se-Øp∂
B Znh-ksØ Hm¿ØmWv PohnXw t]m°p-∂-Xv.''
Bflmhv hoSp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mw A⁄m\w \nanØw
Zqsc Ae-bp-∂-h-cpw. \ΩpsS _p≤n ambm-tam-l-ßƒ°v
Ffp∏w hi-K-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. F{X-am{Xw ss\c-¥-cy-tØm-Sp-
IqSn a\\w sNbvXm-emWv _p≤nsb sacp-°n- kI-ew-s]dpw
BZn-_o-P-Øn¬ \ndpØm≥ Ign-bp-I. AXp-sIm≠v aXn-b-dp-
hm≥ a\\w XpS¿∂p-sIm-≈-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 125
54
DW-cp-a-h-ÿ-bp-d-°n-en-√p-d°w
]p\-cp-W-cp-sºm-gpXpw kv^pcn-°p-hoe
A\p-Zn-\-an-ß-s\- c-≠p-am-Zn-am-bm˛
h\n-X-bn¬\n∂p ]pd∂p amdn-Sp-∂p.
DWcpw Ahÿ ˛ DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Ahÿ

Dd-°n¬ C√ ˛ Dd-°-Øn¬ C√.
Dd°w ˛ Dd-ßp∂ Ahÿ
]p\¿ DW-cp-sºm-gpXpw ˛ ho≠pw DW-cp-tºmgpw
kv^pcn-°p-hoe ˛ D≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
A\p-Zn\w ˛ Hmtcm-Zn-h-khpw
Cßs\ c≠pw ˛ Cu c≠-h-ÿ-I-fpw
BZn-am-bm-h-\n-X-bn¬\n∂v ˛ BZn-am-b- B-Ip∂ h\n-Xb
- n¬\n∂v
]pd∂p ˛ ]nd∂v
amdn-Sp∂p ˛ sshcp-≤y-ap-≈Xm-bn Xo¿∂n-Sp-∂p.
F ¥mWv Dd°w? F¥mWv DW¿hv? B¿°pw s]s´-

s∂mcp \n¿hN\w sImSp-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ibn-√. C{µn-b-
ßfpw a\ pw hnj-b-ß-fp-ambn k∂n-I¿j-Øn-em-Ip-tºmƒ
DW¿sh∂p thW-sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmw. hnj-tb-{µn-b-a-\- p-I-
fpsS Xntcm-`m-h-amWv kpjp]vXn F∂pw ]d-bmw. Cu c≠v
Ah-ÿI - ƒ°n-Sb - n-emWv Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ PohnXw
Btµm-f\w sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu {]tl-fn-I-bn-te°v hy‡-amb
Hcp Dƒ°mgvN \¬Ip-IbmWv Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS Kpcp sNøp-
∂-Xv. \Ωƒ Bcpw-Xs∂ Dd-ßm-Ø-h-cm-bn-ń-√. Dd-°-Øn¬
F¥mWv A\p-`hw? H∂pw Adn-bp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv A\p-`-
hw. H∂pw Adn-bp-∂n-s√-¶nepw Dd-ßp-∂-h-\n¬ kpJ-ap-≠v.
kpJ-an-s√-¶n¬ B¿°pw Dd-ßm≥ tXm∂p-Ib - n-√. Dd-°Ø
- n¬
temIm-\p-`h
- ß
- f- psS A`mhw Ds≠-¶nepw Bflm-hns‚ kzcq-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 126
]-amb B\µw Dd-°-Øn¬ {]kv^pcn-°p∂p-≠v. ""A`m-h-{]-
Xy-bm-ew-_-\m-hr-Ønx \n{Zm'' F∂mWv ]X-RvPen \n-{Zsb
\n¿h-Nn-®-Xv. kpjp-]vXn-bn¬ Al-¥bpw CZ-¥bpw Imc-
W-i-co-c-amb IdpØ aqSp-]-S-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ad-™p-t]m-Ip∂p.
hnj-bß- f - p-tSbpw a\- n-t‚bpw A`m-ha
- m-Wn-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v
DW¿s∂-Wo-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Rm≥ Bfl-kpJw A\p-`-hn-
°p∂p F∂v F\n-°-dn-bm\pw Ign-bp-∂n-√, ]d-bm\pw Ign-
bp-∂n-√.
DW¿s∂-Wo-‰m¬ C{µn-bhpw a\ pw {]h¿Ø-\\ - n-cX
- a
- m-
hpw. At∏mƒ D≈n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ccp-fn-as - b√mw am™p-t]m-
Ipw. hkvXp-°t- fbpw hkvXp-XI - t- f-bpw kv]¿in®pw {LmWn
®pw Nn¥n-®p-sams° Adn-bm≥ XpS-ßpw. DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmƒ
ico-cØ
- ns‚ hni∏pw Zmlhpw a\- ns‚ Pn⁄m-kbpw Hs°
ian-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°W
- w. {]]-©m-\p-`hw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv
Cu c≠p {[ph-ßƒ°n-Sb - n-em-Wv. Hcp Im≥hm-kn¬ Idp-∏n\pw
shfp-∏n\pw CS-bn¬ hcp∂ ]e-]e h¿Æ-ßf - psS tNcp-h-
IƒsIm≠v Nn{X-Im-c≥ amkvac - n-Ia- mb Hcp Nn{XsØ hc-®p-
h-bv°p-∂Xpt]m-se-bmWv Ccp-ń\pw shfn-®-Øn\pw CS-bn-
¬ FÆ-a‰ cq]-ßt- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {]]©w \Ωn¬ A¤p-
XßtfmsS Ahn-jvIr-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
Cu c≠-h-ÿ-I-fn-te°v t_m[w hoWpw Db¿∂pw amdn-
a-dn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kpJhpw ZpxJhpw
as‰√m sshIm-cn-I-X-Ifpw H∂n\p ]ndsI H∂mbn h∂p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Hcp ambm-h-\n-X-bn¬\n-∂mWv A\p-Zn-\-sa-
t∂mWw Ccpfpw shfn-®hpw, Dd-°hpw DW¿hpw amdn-amdn
P\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. kI-ew-s]dpw BZn-_o-PsØbmWv
ChnsS ambm-h-\n-X-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ Adn-
hns‚ tIh-e-kz-cq-]-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v Dd-°-Øn-t\bpw
DW¿hn-t\bpw t\m°n-°m-Wm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ]q¿W-Pm-K-
cn-Xw (total awakening) kw`-hn-°p∂Xp-hsc \ΩpsS kXy-Pn-
⁄m-ksb D]-i-an-∏n-°m≥ ]mSn-√.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 127
55
s\Snb-In-\m-hnXp \n{Z-t]mse \nXyw
sISp-an-Xp-t]mse In\m-hp-an-{]-Imcw
sISp-aXn ImWp-I-bn√ tIh-e-Øn¬
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m-e-\niw {àn-®n-Sp-∂p.
s\Snb In\mhv CXv ˛ PohnXw Hcp \o≠ kz]v\-am-Wv.

\n{Z-t]mse ˛ Dd-°-Øne\p-`-hn-°p∂ In\m-hp-
t]mseXs∂.
\nXyw sISpw ˛ DW¿s∂-Wo-°p-tºmƒ B
In\mhv sI´p-t]m-Ipw.
CXp-t]mse ˛ Dd-°-Ønse kz]v\w
t]mseXs∂
In\mhpw ˛ Pohn-X-am-Ip∂ s\Snb In\mhpw
sI´p-t]mIpw.
C{]-Imcw ˛ F∂m¬ CØ-cØ - n¬
sISp-aXn ˛ hnj-b-_p≤nbp≈-h≥
ImWp-I-bn√ ˛ a\- n-em-°p∂n-√.
tIh-e-Øn¬ ˛ {]]©w F∂ Cuiz-cs‚
kz]v\Øn¬
s]Sp-h-Xn-\m¬ ˛ F√m-hcpw Htc-t]mse IpSp-ßn-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬
A\niw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
{àn-®n-Sp∂p ˛ s\Snb In\m-hns\ kXy-sa-∂-Xp-
t]mse sX‰n-≤-cn°p-∂p.
hn-Xs- a-∂Xv Hcp s\Sp-\of≥ kz]v\a - m-W.v Hcm-bp-jv°mew

Po apgp-h≥ ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈ kz]v\a
XsØ kz]v\sa∂p Xncn-®d
- m-bX - p-sIm≠v \mw Pohn-
- n-bm-dn-√. \ΩpsS Dd-°hpw Dd-°-
Øn¬ ImWp∂ kz]v\hpw DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºmgp≈ temIm\p-
`-hß
- fpw F√mw B Zo¿Lkz]v\Ø - nse hnhn-[a - mb Ah-
ÿ-If - m-Ip-∂p. \n{Z-bn¬ \mw ImWp∂ kz]v\w, \n{Z-hn´v Fgp-
t∂¬°p-tºmƒ Ab-Ym¿∞-ambn tXm∂m-dp≠v. kz]v\Ø - n¬
Btflm]tZiiXIw 128
\mw t]Sn®p \ne-hn-fn-®n-cn-°mw, B\-µw-sIm≠v \rØw
sNbvXn-cn-°mw, lnam-eb - k- m-\p-°f
- n¬ hnl-cn-®n-cn-°mw, òI-
c-amb Zpc-¥Ø
- n¬ acn-®p-t]m-sb∂p hcmw. F∂m¬ DW¿∂p
IÆp-Xp-d∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ Ahsb√mw k¶ev]ß-fm-bn-cp-
∂p-sh∂v \mw Xncn-®d- n-bm-dp-≠v. ]t£, A\p-`h - n-°p∂ thf-
bn¬ Ah km¶ev]n-Iß - f- √
- , Ah bmYm¿∞y-ßf - m-Wv.
Cu Pohn-XsØ apgp-h\pw Hcp kz]v\-tØmSp Xpe\w
sNøp-tºmƒ \ap-°-Xns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ {]bmkw tXm∂pw.
Cu s\Snb kz]v\-Øn¬\n∂pw DW¿s∂-Wo-‰n-´mWv Kpcp
\tΩmSnsX√mw ]d-™p-Xc - p-∂X - v. Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ Xo¿Ø thZ-
\-I-fn¬\n∂pw sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂pw \ap°pw ap‡-cm-
Im≥ Ign-bpw. temIØv F√m-hcpw Pohn-XsØ ]c-am¿∞-
sa-∂-Xp-t]mse \n\®v Pohn-°p-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS
D≈nepw tXm∂pw Cu ImW-s∏-Sp∂ temIhpw Pohn-Xhpw
BWv ]c-aa - mb kXy-sa-∂v. AXn-s\-bmWv tIh-eØ - n¬s]´v
{àn-°pI F∂v Kpcp ]d-bp-∂X- .v {àw If-bW - w. Atlm! \mSIw
\nJn-ehpw F∂-XmWv ⁄m\n-bpsS temI-ho-£W - w.
Cu temI-P-\X apgp-h\pw BIm-iØv \o-en-asb Z¿in-
®mepw Hcp imkv{X-⁄-\-dnbmw AhnsS \oen-a-bn-s√-∂v.
\ΩpsS IÆns‚ ]cn-anXn-bmWv N{I-hm-f-ßsf krjvSn-°p-
∂-sX-∂v imkv{X-⁄-\-dn-bmw. km[m-cW Pohn-X-Ønse
CØcw Imcy-ßfn¬t]mepw \Ωƒ {àn-®p-t]m-Im-dp-≠v. CXp-
t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv Hcp apgp-h≥ Pohn-X-Ønepw D≠m-Ip∂
{àm-fl-I-X. C\n DW-c¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. B DWc¬ Bfl-
kq-cy-\n-te-°m-Wv. shfn-®w.... shfn-®w..... k¿h{X shfn-®w......-
C-cp-ńs‚ Hcp IWnI-t]mepw ImWp-∂n-√t√m? Fs¥m-c-
¤pXw! CXm-Ip∂p ]q¿Æ-t_m-t[m-Z-bw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 129
56
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse Imb-tam-tcm˛
∂pS-\p-S-t\-dn-bp-b¿∂-a¿∂n-Sp∂p
apSn-hn-Xn-s\-ßnXp l¥!aqe-kw-hn-Xv˛
IS-en-e-P-{k-hp-ap-≈ I¿Ω-at{X!
IS-en-segpw Xnc-t]mse ˛ IS-en¬ Xnc-Iƒ Db-cp-Ibpw

Xmgp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse
Imb-tam-tcm∂v ˛ Hmtcmtcm icocw
DS-\p-S≥ ˛ H∂n\p ]pdsI H∂mbn
Gdn Db-¿∂a¿∂n-Sp∂p ˛ D≠mbn \ne-\n∂v ad-bp-∂p.
apSn-hn-Xn-s\ßv ˛ Cu {]{In-b°v Hcp A¥yw
Fhn-sS-bmWv?
CXp l¥! ˛ CsXmcp B›-cyw-Xs∂!
aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en¬ ˛ {]]-©-Øn\p aqe-Im-c-W-amb
{]⁄m-kmK-cØ - n¬
AP-{khpw D≈ ˛ Fs∂∂pw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
I¿Ω-at{X ˛ k¿§-{]-{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv.
I S-en¬ Xnc-Iƒ kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Xnc-bn-√mØ IS¬

F∂Xv Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw-t]mse tXm∂pw. Xnc F∂p
]d-bp-tºmƒ AXn¬ \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hmf-ßfpw Ae-Ifpw
alm-Xc - w-Kß
- fpw F√mw Dƒs∏-Spw. IS-en¬ Xnc-bn-√m-Xmbn
Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ AXv IS-e-√m-Xm-Ipw. F¶nepw hnim-e-
amb IS-en¬ Hcp Xncbv°pw imiz-Xa - mb \ne-\n¬∏n-√. Pew
Xnc-bpsS BIm-cw]q≠v Ipd-®p-t\cw \ne-\n∂v ]ns∂ IS-en-
te-°p-Xs∂ Xncn®p ebn-°p-∂p. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿j-
ßƒ°p-apºpw IS-en¬ Xnc-Ifp≠m-bn-cp--∂p. Ct∏mgpw \mw
Xnc-Iƒ ImWp-∂p. \mw t]m-bmepw IS-en¬ Xnc-Iƒ D≠m-
Ipw. Cu {]{In-b°v Hcp apSnhpw D≠m-hp-∂n√. Ahn-cm-aa- mbn
\S-°p∂ Cu k¿§-{]-{Inb Hcp B›cywX-s∂-bm-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 130
CXp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv {]]-©-k¿÷-\-{]-{In-bbpw \S-
°p-∂-Xv. {]]-©Zriy-ßfpw Xcw-K-ß-sf-t∏msebmWv. \nc-
h-[n-bmb cq]-ß-fn-eqsS {]m]-©nI{]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ \ΩpsS
apºn¬ Gdn Db¿∂v Aa-cp-∂p-≠v. Hmtcm cq]hpw Hcp ico-
c-am-Wv. AWp apX¬ alm-]¿h-X-ßƒ hsc kwhnXvkmK-
c-Ønse Hmtcmtcm Imb-ß-fm-Wv. aqe-kw-hn-XvI-S-en-emWv
{]m]-©n-I-X-cw-K-ßƒ cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. kwhnXv F∂p ]d-
™m¬ Adn-hm-Wv. Adn-hn-t\bpw Bflm-hn-t\bpw At`-Z-
ambn Adn-b-Ww. Bfl-km-K-c-Øn-emWv \nc-¥-c-ambn temI-
k¿÷\w \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv A\¥-ambn \S-
∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. CsXmcp alm-¤pXw-X-s∂.
{]]-©k - r-jvSn-sb-°p-dn®v B[p-\n-Ii - mkv{Xw apt∂m-´p-h-
bv°p∂ ]cn-t{]-£yhpw Kpcp-hns‚ {]]©Z¿i-\hpw sshcp-
≤y-an-√msX ChnsS tNcp-∂p. {]]-©k - rjvSn Hcp XpS¿®-bm-
Wv. AXv Fs∂-¶nepw XpSßn Ah-km-\n-°p-∂X - √
- . hncm-a-
an-√msX XpS-cp-∂X - mWv. hyjvSn-Xe - Ø- nepw ka-jSv n-Xe - Ø
- nepw
krjvSn{]{Inb \S-°p-∂p-≠.v krjvSn, ÿnXn, ebw Ch aq∂pw
A\p-{I-aa - mbn XpS-cp-Ib - m-Wv. Pm{K-Øv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn
F∂ Ah-ÿ-I-fpsS Nm{In-I-Xt]mse ùXn-I-tZ-l-ßfpw
D≠mbn \ne-\n∂v ]cn-W-an®v £bn®v \in-°p-∂p. \miw
imiz-X-a-√. ]pXnb H∂ns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\v apt∂m-Sn-bm-
bp≈ Xntcm-`m-h-am-Wv. Bhn¿`m-hhpw Xntcm-`m-hhpw Htc
kw`-hØ - ns‚ c≠p ]pd-ßf - m-Wv. acWw Xntcm-`mhw am{X-am-
Wv. Cu kwkm-c-K-Xn-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ Hmtcm-cp-
Øcpw Ah-cpsS kzcq-]sØ Adn-™m¬ aXn. kzcq-]Ø - n\v
P\-\a - c
- W
- ß - f
- n-√. kzcq]w \nXy-am-W.v Aa¿Xy-am-W.v IS-ens‚
Bgw \n›-ea - m-Wv. D]-cn-Xe- a- mWv Ne-\m-flI - w. D]-cn-Xew
{]m]-©n-Ihpw Bgw B≤ym-fln-Ih - p-am-W.v B≤ym-fln-IØ - n¬
Dd-®n-cp∂v D]-cn-Xe - Ø
- nse Ne-\ß - ƒ Hcp Ifn-t]mse I≠p-
c-kn-°p-I. CXmWp Poh∑p-‡n.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 131
57
Ae-b-dp-am-gn-bn-ep-≠-\-¥-am-bm˛
Ie-bnXp Iey-b-\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw
ken-e-c-km-Zn-i-co-c-ta¥n \m\m˛
hpe-Ip-cp-hm-bp-cp-hmbn \n∂n-Sp∂p.
Ae-bdpw Bgn-bn¬ ˛ Xnc-bn-√mØ IS-en¬

A\-¥-am-bm-Ie D≠v ˛ A¥y-an-√mØ ‘ambm-Ie’
D≠v.
CXv Iey ˛ Cu ambm-Ie k¿÷-\-{]-{In-
b°v ka¿∞-am-Wv.
A\m-Zn-Im-cy-amIpw ˛ CXv A\m-Zn-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-°p∂
ken-e-c-kmZn ˛ Pew, AXns‚ KpW-amb ckw
XpSßnbh-bpsS
icocw G¥n ˛ BIm-cw ssIs°m-≠v
\m\m DeIv ˛ \m\m-Xc- Ø
- n-ep-≈ temI-ßf- psS
Dcp-hmbv Dcp-hmbv ˛ cq]-t`Zß-fmbn
\n∂n-Sp∂p ˛ ChnsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
I S-en¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn Xnc-Iƒ Hgn-™p-t]m-Ip∂ Ahÿ

kwPm-Xa - m-hp-Ib - n-s√∂v \mw Ign™ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-
™p. F√m ImeØpw Xncbpw ISepw H∂n-®p-Xs∂bmWv
Ccp-∂n-´p-≈Xv. Xnc-Iƒ°v Nne-t∏m-sgms° ia-\-ap-≠m-Im-
dp-≠v. ia\w Xnc-I-fpsS ]q¿Æ-amb \mi-a-√. AXv hnIr-Xn-
bmb Ipń Dd-ßp-tºmƒ Ahs‚ hnIrXn Dd-°-Øn¬ ad-
™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]msetb D≈q. Ah-≥ DW¿∂m¬ F√m
hnIr-Xn-Ifpw ]pdØp hcpw. AXp-t]mse IS-ens‚ im¥-
Xbpw XmXvIm-en-Ia - m-Wv. IS-ens‚ Bg-ßf - n¬Xs∂ henb
Xnc-°q-´ß
- ƒ D≠m-°m\p≈ a¿±-ßƒ Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Bfl-km-Kc - hpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. {]]-©Ø - n¬ ImWp∂
F√mw Bfl-km-Kc - Ø- n¬ kq£vaa - mbn ad-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 132
hnØn-∂p-≈n¬ hS-hr£w ibn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se. Bflm-hn¬
ad-™n-cn-°p∂ {]]-©k - m-[y-Xsb ‘ambm-Ie’ F∂mWv Kpcp
]d-bp-∂-Xv. km[yX F∂m¬ ]pdØp hcp-∂-Xn\p apºp≈
Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. AΩ-bpsS K¿`-]m-{X-Øn¬ Ip™v {`qWm-h-
ÿ-bn¬ hf-cp-tºmƒ AXns\ Ie F∂ A¿∞-ap≈ Ieew
F∂ hm°mWv D]-\n-jØ - p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂X
- v. Hcp kv{Xo
K¿`n-Wn-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]pd-Øp-\n∂p t\m°n-bm¬ Ahƒ
I\y-I-bm-sW∂p tXm∂pw. F∂m¬ At∏mƒXs∂ Ahƒ
AΩ-bm-Wv. aqe-kw-hn-XvIS- e
- n¬ {]]-©K
- ¿`w k¿÷-\Ø - n\p
Xøm-dm-bn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Adn-hns\ P\\n F∂pw
H∂mb amaXn F∂pw Kpcp Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.
Ie F∂m¬ Hc-Sb - m-fa
- m-Wv ˛ Hcp ap{Z. Cu ap{Z-bn¬ {]]-
©-kvac- W
- I
- sf hmk-\m-cq-]-Øn¬ D≈-S° - n-h®
- n-´p-≠v. Iºyq-
´-dns‚ Nn∏p-I-fn¬ hnh-c-ßƒ AS°w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-
t]m-se. hfsc ka¿∞-amb coXn-bn¬ krjvSn-Pm-e-ßsf
k¿÷\w sNøp-hm≥ Cu Iebv°p Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-≠m-
Wn-Xns\ Iey F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. Iey F∂m¬ {]k-h-km-
a¿∞y-ap-≈-hƒ F∂m-Wv. {]k-h-amWv k¿÷-\w.
Cu {]]©w A©p `qX-ßf - psS tNcp-hb - m-Wv. Hmtcm `qX-
Øn\pw Hmtcm {][m\ KpW-ap-≠v. `qan-bpsS KpWw K‘-am-
Wv. sh≈-Øns‚ KpWw ck-am-Wv. A·n-bpsS KpWw cq]hpw
hmbp-hnt‚Xv kv]¿i-hp-am-Wv. BIm-iØ - ns‚ KpWw i_vZ-
am-Wv. ]©-`q-Xß- fpw KpW-ßfpw tN¿∂v \m\m-Io¿Æ-amb
temIw Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂p. aqe-{]-IrXn \ma-cq-]m-flI - a- m-Ip∂
{]{Inb A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. AXv BZy¥-cl - n-Xa- mbn \S-∂p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ct∏mgpw \S-°p-∂p. {]]©w {]fbm-hÿ - b
- n¬
ebn-®mepw Adn-hn¬ AXv Iey-bmbn ad-™n-cn-°p-t∂-bp-≈q.
\in-°p-∂n-√. {]]-©Ø- ns‚ Nm{In-IX - bpw Bflm-hns‚ A\-
iz-cX
- bpw Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS Kpcp shfn-hm-°nØ-cp-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 133
58
\h-\-h-an-∂-se-bn-∂p- \m-sf- a-t‰˛
±nh-k-an-Xn-ßs\ Nn¥ sNbvXn-SmsX
Ahn-c-X-sa-Æn-b-f-∂n-Sp-∂-sX√mw
{à-samcp t`Z-hp-an-√-dn-™n-tSWw.
\h-\hw ˛ ]pXnbXv ]pXnbXv

C∂se C∂v ˛ C∂se, C∂v
\msf at‰-Zn-hkw ˛ \msf, a‰-∂mƒ
CXn-ßs\ ˛ C{]-Imcw ImesØ Xp≠ambn-ap-dn®p
a\- n-em-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈
Nn¥ sNbvXn-SmsX ˛ Nn¥-bn¬ G¿s∏-SmsX
Ahn-cXw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
FÆn Af-∂n-Sp-∂-sX√mw ˛ FÆnbpw Af∂pw Adn-bp-∂-sX√mw
{àw ˛ {àw am{X-amWv.
Hcp t`Z-hp-an√ ˛ Bflm GIhpw At`-ZhpamWv.
Adn-™n-tSWw ˛ CXv t_m[y-s∏-S-Ww.
] g-bXv If™v ]pXn-b-Xv ssIs°m-≈m-\mWv Bfp-Iƒ

sImXn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jya-\ v ]g-b-Xv s]s´∂v aSp-°p-
∂p. a\- mWv hkvXp-°-tfbpw hy‡n-I-tfbpw ]g-b-Xm-°p-
∂-Xv. Bfl-kv]¿i-ta-‰m¬ F√mw \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw. Bflm-
hn\v hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-°p-I-bn-√. Bflmhv \n¿hn-Im-c-am-b-
Xp-sIm≠v Ime-kzm-[o\w Bflm-hn¬ Gev°p-∂n-√. a\- v
Ft∏mgpw ]pXpa tXSp∂ kz`mhtØmSp IqSn-b-Xm-Wv. a\ v
Imew-Xs - ∂-bm-W.v Imew Ne-\a - m-W.v a\ v \n›-ea
- m-Ip-tºmƒ
A\p-`h - ß - ƒ Aar-Xm-\p-`h
- ß
- f - m-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ Bflmhv
km£n-ssN-X-\y-ambn {]Im-in-°p-∂p. Hcp hkvXp-hns\
ImWp-tºmƒ AXns\ ]pXn-b-sX∂pw ]g-b-sX∂pw hnth-
Nn-®d
- n-bp-∂XmWv a\- v. ]g-bX - ns\ \mw X≈n-°f - bpw. ]pXn-
b-Xns\ ssIs°m-≈pw. \mw Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ]pXn-bs - X∂pw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 134
]g-b-sX∂pw Xcw-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv GX-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv? Ime-
t_m-[-Øn-emWv F√m A\p-`-h-ßfpw kw`-hn-°p∂-Xv.
C∂se F∂Xv Hcp Ime-b-f-hm-Wv. AXp kw`-hn-®p-I-gn™
Imcy-am-Wv. kw`-hn-®s
- X√mw `qX-am-Wv. kw`-hn-®s
- X√mw Fhn-
sS-bmWv Ccn-°p∂Xv? kvac-W-bn-emWv ibn°p-∂-Xv. B
kvac-W-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv C∂v F∂v \mw ]d-bp-
∂-Xv. C∂v h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-am-Wv. C∂v C∂-se-tb-°mƒ IqSp-
X¬ bmYm¿∞y-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. C∂ns\ h®p-sIm-≠mWv hcm-
\n-cn-°p∂ \msf-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. C∂v˛C∂se˛
\msf F∂v ImesØ apdn-bv°p-∂-XmWv a\- ns‚ tPmen.
a\ v AXp-sIm≠v {àm-fl-I-am-Wv.
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - \
- mb _¿Kvk¨ tIh-ea - mb ImesØ
pure duration F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂X - v. {io\mcm-bW
- K - p-cp-hpw _¿
Kvk-sW-t∏mse GI-amb Ime-[m-csb JWvUn-°p-∂-Xns\
{àw F∂mWv hnfn-®Xv. C∂-se-sb∂pw Cs∂∂pw \msf-
sb∂pw D≈ Iev]-\-Iƒ {à-ß-fm-Wv. Ime-hn-—n-Øn-Iƒ a\-
n-ep≠m-Ip∂ Nne {]Xo-Xn-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. Ime-Øns‚
ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬ ]g- b - s X∂pw ]pXn- b - s X∂pw hyh-
t—Zn°p∂ A\p-`-h-ßfpw {à-ßfm-Wv. Ime-Øns‚ Cu {à-
Nn-¥-bn¬\n∂pw ⁄m\-Øns‚ tIh-e-a-ln-am-hn-te°v a\-
ns\ Db¿Øn-sb-Sp-°-Ww. t`Z-ß-fn-√msX BZy-¥-hn-lo-
\-amb Adn-hn¬ A\p-`-h-ßƒ ImeKW-\-bn¬ s]Sm-sX-
Xs∂ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Bfl-{]-Xn-jvTn-X-amb
Hcp ⁄m\n°v Ime-Øns‚ ]cp-t°-¬-°msX Pohn-°m-\-dn-
bmw. ac-W-amWv Ime-ta-ev]n-°p∂ G‰hpw tLmc-amb ]cn-
°v . Xm≥ Aar- X - k z- c p- ] - \ m- s W∂p km£m- X v ° - c n®
⁄m\n°v ÿqe-i-co-c-\m-i-Øn¬ ac-W-`-b-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
Ah\v F√m-‰n-t\bpw H∂mbn ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 135
59
Adn-hns\ hnÝ Rm\p-an√sbs∂˛
∏ncn-bp-In-en-√-dnhpw, {]Im-i-am{Xw
Adn-h-dn-bp-∂-h-s\∂p c≠p-tam¿Øm˛
semcp-s]m-cpfmaXn-en√ hmZ-ta-Xpw.
Adn-hns\ hn´v ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn

AY ˛ ]ns∂
Rm\pw C√ ˛ "Rm≥' F∂ t_m[-Øn\pw
AkvXn-X-bn-√.
Fs∂ ]ncn-bp-In¬ ˛ F∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn
Adnhpw C√ ˛ Hc-dnhpw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂n-√.
{]Im-ia- m{Xw ˛ Rm\pw AdnhpwHsdm‰ {]Imi
Øns‚ c≠p hi-ßƒ am{Xw.
Adnhv ˛ Adn-sh∂pw
Adn-bp-∂-h≥ F∂p ˛ Adn-bp-∂-h-s\∂pw D≈
c≠pw Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ c≠pw At\z-jn-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬
Hcp s]mcpfmw ˛ Htc-sbmcp s]mcp-fmWv.
CXn¬ ˛ ⁄m\nbv°v C°m-cy-Øn¬
C√ hmZ-taXpw ˛ X¿°w H∂p-ta-bn-√.
hy h-lm-c-`mj-bn¬ Rm≥ Adn-bp-∂p, Fs‚ Adnhv

Fs∂ms° \mw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Aßs\ ]d-bp-tºmƒ
hen-sbmcp sX‰ns\ \mw ]n≥K-an-°p-I-bmWv. "Rm≥' Adnhp
Xs∂-bm-Wv. Rm\pw Adnhpw XΩn¬ Hcp t`Z-hp-an-√. "Rm≥
Adn-bp∂p' F∂ {]-{In-bbn¬ Adnhv \Ωn-¬-\n∂pw AI-
∂n-cn-°p∂Xpt]mse tXm∂pw. F{Xtbm Bfp-Iƒ Adn-hp-
Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m-\mbn ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmbn-®p-]-Tn-°p-∂Xv
\Ωƒ ImWm-dp-≠v. ]pkvX-I-Øn-emWv Adn-hn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂
cqV-aq-e-amb tXm∂-ep-sIm-≠mWv \Ω-psS hnZym-`ymkw-
t]mepw {KŸ-tI-{µo-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. am{X-a-√, Fs‚
Btflm]tZiiXIw 136
Adnhv F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Fs‚ hoSv, Fs‚ Im¿ F∂
hnh-£-I-fn¬ hcp-∂-Xp-t]mse Adnhpw Rm≥ kzmb-Ø-am-
°nb Fs‚ Hcp ssIh-i-h-kvXp-hm-Wv. Adn-hns\ am{X-m]-
c-ambn a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ Af-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v
Adn-hns\ Af-°m≥ \mw {ian-°pw. hnZym-`ym-k{- ]-{In-bb
- nse
]co-£-Iƒ F√mw B¿÷n-X-hn-⁄m-\sØ Af-°m-\p≈
am\-Z-WvU-ßfm-Wv.
At∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ Adn-hp-≈h- ≥ kaq-lØ - n¬ AwKo-Ir-
X-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah≥ Adn-hmIp∂ kº-Øp-sIm≠v A[n-Im-
csØ ssIbm-fp-∂p. Adn-hns\ Zpcp-]t- bmKw sNøm≥ Cß-
s\-bp-≈ Cu sX‰p≤m-cW CS-bm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. {^m≥knkv
t_°s‚ Adn-hmWv i‡n F∂ sNm√v {]kn-≤-am-Wv. hm
kvXh-Øn¬ Rm\pw Adnhpw Htc-sbmcp {]Imiw am{XamWv.
Hcp s]mcpƒX-s∂-bm-Wv. C°mcyw kzm\p-`h - a
- m-bn´p hc-Ww.
At∏m-gmWv aqey-hØ
- mbn \ap°p Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I. Kpcp-
hns‚ A\p-`-h-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Adn-hns‚bpw Adn-bp-∂-h-
t‚bpw GI-Xsb Kpcp Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv. CXv eh-teiw
kwiban√mØ km£y-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v hmZ-ßs - fm-∂p-an-
√msX Rm\pw Adnhpw Hs∂-∂p-≈ A\p-`s - shIyw \mw t\Sn-
sb-Sp-°p-Ww.
Imivao-cs
- si-hn-kØ
- ns‚ aqe-{K-Ÿa - mb inh-kq{Xw XpS-
ßp-∂Xv ""ssNX-\y-amflm'' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-W.v ""ssNX-
\ym-Zm-KXw ÿqe-kq-£vam-flI - a
- nZw PKXv'' F∂p ]d-™p-
sIm-≠mWv Kpcp A]-hm-Z-Z¿i\w XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. {]Imiw
ssNX-\y-am-Wv. B ssNX-\y-amWv Adn-bp-∂-h\pw Adn-b-
s∏-Sp∂ {]]-©m-\p-`-h-ß-fp-ambn th¿∏n-cn™v tkm]m-[n-
I-⁄m-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. Adn-hn¬ BZyta \S°p∂ Cu
Zzµzo-I-cWw Imc-W-amWv ]n∂o-Sp≈ apgp-h≥ A\p-`-h-ßfpw
Xe-Xn-cn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. ⁄m\w-sIm≠v ssNX-\y-amb
BZn-a-k-Øsb Adn™v Ct∏mƒ Chn-sS-Xs∂ Poh≥ap-
‡n-]-ZsØ {]m]n-°-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 137
60
Adn-hn-s\bpw aa-X-bv°-[o-\-am°n˛
∏d-bp-an-Xn≥ ]c-am¿∞-tam¿Øn-SmsX
]d-In-ep-a-∏-c-X-Øz-sa-∂-t]m-eo˛
bdn-h-dn-bp-∂-h-\-\y-am-Ip-ho-e.
CXn≥ ˛ CXns‚
]c-am¿∞w ˛ ]c-am¿∞w
Hm¿Øn-SmsX ˛ At\z-jn-®-dn-bmsX
Adn-hn-s\bpw ˛ Adn-hn-s\-t∏mepw
aa-Xbv°v A[o-\-am°n ˛ Fs‚ Adnhv F∂ Xc-Øn¬
Adn-hns\ kz¥-am°n
]d-bpw ˛ Bfp-Iƒ ]dbpw.
]d-Inepw ˛ Aßs\ ]d-™mepw
B ]c-XØzw F∂-t]m¬ ˛ B ]c-am-fl-XØzw Adn-bp-∂-h≥
AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
Cu Adnhv ˛ Fs‚ Adnhv F∂ Xc-Øn¬
Icp-Xn-t∏m-cp∂ Adnhv
Adn-bp-∂-h\v ˛ CX-dn-bp-∂-h\v Ah-\n¬\n∂pw
A\y-am-Ip-hoe ˛ A\y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂n-√.
C Xv Fs‚ `qan, AXp \ns‚ `qan, CXv Fs‚ ]Ww, AXp

\ns‚ ]Ww F∂p ]d-bp-∂X
a\p-jy≥ Fs‚ Adn-sh∂p hyh-lc
- p-t]mse A⁄m-\n-bmb
- n-°m-dp≠v. Adnhv ssNX-
\y-am-W.v A[n-jTv m-\k
- Ø - I- q-Sn-bm-WX - .v ChnsS Rm≥ sNdpXpw
Adnhv A\-¥h - p-am-W.v A\-¥X - sb ssI°p-ºn-fn-sem-Xp-°m≥
{ian-°p∂ Hcp Ip™ns‚ _men-i-X-t]mse am{Xta Cu
hmIy-sØ Icp-Xm-\m-hp-Ib - p-≈q. ]c-am¿∞-Øn¬ Rm≥ Adn-
hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Adnhv Ft‚-X-√. hen-sbm-c¿∞-Øn¬
Rm≥t]mepw Adn-hn-t‚-Xm-Wv. kXy-Øn¬ Rm\pw Adnhpw
c≠√. ]t£, Fs‚ Adnhv F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Adnhv
Btflm]tZiiXIw 138
F∂n¬\n∂pw _mly-amb Ft¥m H∂m-sW∂v Icp-XpIbm-
Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Adnhv kzmb-Øa - m-°m≥th≠n a\p-jy≥
{]b-Xv\n-°p-∂p. ]W-ap-≠m-°m≥ {]b-Xv\n-°p∂ a\p-jy-sc-
t∏m-se-Xs∂. hnZymeb-ßf - nepw tImtf-Pp-If
- nepw hnZym¿∞n-
Iƒ IpØn-bn-cp∂p ]Tn-°p-∂Xp ImWptºmƒ Adnhv B¿
÷n°m-\p≈ at\m-`m-h-amWv Ah-cn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.
AXn¬ lnwk-bp-≠v. tkm{I-ókv ]d™ hn{ip-Xh - N
- \
- ß
- -
fn-sem-∂v, ‘\o \ns∂-Øs∂ Adn-bpI’ F∂m-Wv. \mw \sΩ
Adn-bp-tºmƒ \mw Adn-hmbn amdp-∂p. Adn-bp∂h-\pw
Adnhpw H∂m-bn-Øo-cptºmƒ \n¿hrXn P\n-°p-∂p.
Rm≥ ]c-am-flm-hns\ Adn-bp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - n¬ Hcp
sX‰p-≠.v Adn-bp-∂h
- ≥ ]c-am-flm-hm-Wv F∂ Imcyw A-h≥
Hm¿°m-dn-√. AXp-t]mse Fs‚ Adnhv F∂p ]d-bp-tºmgpw
Adnhv F∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-am-bn-t∏m-hpI-bm-W.v B tXm∂¬
\Ωn¬ \nc¿∞-IX krjvSn-°pw, A]-I¿j-t_m-[sØ krjvSn-
°pw. "{]hm-NI
- ≥' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ Jeo¬ Pn{_m≥ ]d-bp∂p:
‘Fs‚ ssZhta, F∂p hnfn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ Rm≥
ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-Ip-∂p. ssZhw Ft‚-X√ - .’
ssZhw Ft‚-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Fs‚ sNmev∏-Sn°v ssZhw
\nev°W - a- m-bn-cp-∂p. \Ωƒ ]d-bp-∂X - p-t]mse ssZhw A\p-
k-cn-°W - a- m-bn-cp-∂p. hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ ssZh-Øns‚ C—m-\p-
m-cn-I-fmWv \Ω-sf-√mw. ssZhw Fs‚-Xm-sW∂v hnNm-cn-
°p∂ B A-l¥ - I - qSn \Ω-n¬\n∂pw t]mI-Ww. \mw ssZh-
tØ-°mƒ ap¥n-bh - \ - m-sW∂ {]Xy-£a - √
- mØ Hcp A-l¶
- mcw
\ΩpsS At_m-[Ø - n-se-hn-sStbm ibn-°p-∂p-≠v. \Ω-psS
aX-ßfpw XØz-Nn-¥I - fpw Cu Zqjn-Xt_m[-Øn¬ \n∂pw
D≠mb Pmc-k¥ - X - n-If - m-Wv. AhnsS Zzµzm-flI- X ]q¿Æ-ambn
hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂n-√. Adn-hn\v \sΩ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. ssZh-
Øn\p \sΩ ka¿∏n-°-Ww. At∏mƒ Al¥ t]mIpw.
]ns∂ F¥v Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂pthm AXmWv BXy-¥n-Ia - mb
kXym\p-`hw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 139
61
shfn-hn-jbw hne-kp∂p thdp-th-dm˛
bf-hn-Sp-an-{µn-b-am¿∂p Xs‚ [¿Ωw
Pf-X-b-Xnßp ZnKw-_-cmZn \mam˛
hen-sbm-Sp-b¿∂-dn-hmbn amdn-Sp-∂p.
shfn-hn-jbw ˛ ]pd-wtem-I-Øp-≈ hnj-b-ßƒ

thdp-th-dmbv ˛ H∂v H∂n¬\n∂v thsd-bmbn
hne-kp∂p ˛ {]Xo-Xam-Ip-∂p.
C{µnbw ˛ Hmtcmtcm C{µn-bw
Xs‚ [¿Ωw B¿∂v ˛ AXm-Xns‚ [¿ΩsØ
Ah-ew-_n-®p-sIm≠v
Af-hnSpw ˛ C{µn-b-hn-j-b-ßsf Af-∂-dn-bp∂p.
PfX AXv ˛ C{µn-bß- ƒ sht∆-sdbmbn Af-∂d- n-
bp-∂-Xv A⁄m\w \nan-Ø-amWv.
Cßv ˛ ChnsS {]Xy-£-Øn¬
ZnKw-_c- mZn ˛ Zn°v, BImiw ap-X-emb
\mam-h-en-sbmSv ˛ \ma-k©- b - t- Øm-sSm∏w
Db¿∂v ˛ \ncp-]m-[n-I-ambn Db¿∂v
Adn-hmbn amdn-Sp-∂p ˛ tIh-e-⁄m\sØ {]m]n-°p∂p.
sh fn F∂m¬ ]pdw-tem-Ia - m-Wv. BIm-it- Øbpw shfn

F∂p ]d-bpw. BImiw k¿h-hym-]n-bm-Wv. GsXmcp
hkvXp-hn\pw ÿnXn sNøp-hm≥ CSw thWw. Ah-Im-iZ- m-
Xm-hmWv BIm-iw. Ah-Imiw F∂m¬ ÿnXn-sN-øm-\p≈
CSw F∂m-W¿∞w. F√m hkvXp-°fpw BIm-iØ - n-emWv
Ccn-°p-∂X- .v BIm-iØ
- n¬ hkvXp Ccn-°pI am{X-a√
- , hkvXp-
hn¬ BImihpw Ccn-°p-∂p-≠v. BIm-iØ - n¬ IpSw Ccn-°p-
∂-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ IpS-Øn¬ BImihpw Ccn-°p-∂p-≠v.
almImi-Øn-emWv FÆ-a‰ hnj-bß - ƒ ÿnXn sNøp-∂X - v.
Hcp hnjbw thsdmcp hnj-bØ - n¬\n∂pw thdn-´mWv ÿnXn
Btflm]tZiiXIw 140
sNøp-∂-Xv. N°-t]m-se-b√ amß. amßt]mse-b√ tXß.
aWw-t]m-se-b√ kv]¿iw. cpNn-t]m-se-b√ i_vZw. C{µn-
b-ßfpsS [¿Ω-hy-Xn-cn-‡XsIm≠m-Wv hnj-b-ßƒ sshNn-
{Xy-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂-Xv. IÆn\p cq]sØ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
cq]-amWv IÆns‚ [¿Ω-hn-j-bw. IÆn\p ImWp-hm-\p-≈
Ignthbp≈q. tIƒ°p-hm-\p-≈ Ign-hn-√. tIƒhn ImXns‚
[¿Ω-am-Wv. ImXns‚ hnj-b-ambn hcp-∂-Xv i_vZ-am-Wv.
aq°n\v K‘hpw \m°n\v cpNnbpw Xz°n\v kv]¿ihpw
[¿Ωhnjb-ß-fm-Wv. Cßs\ Hmtcm C{µn-b-Øn-\pw AXm-
Xns‚ [¿Ωhpw B [¿Ω-Øn-\n-W-ßp∂ hnjbhpw ]pdw-
tem-I-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-≠v.
Af-hn-√mØ sshhn-[y-tØm-Sp-IqSn temI-Øn¬ cq]-ßƒ
D≈Xp-t]mse kv]¿i-ßfpw i_vZß - fpw K‘-ßfpw ck-
ßfpw At\-Ia - m-Wv. C{µn-bß - ƒ Chsb Adn-bp-∂Xv Af-
∂m-W.v F√m C{µn-bh - n-jb- ß
- t- fbpw Af-°m≥ Ign-bpw. B[p-
\n-Ii
- mkv{Xw temIsØ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Af-hp-Isf am\-
I-ß-fm-°p-∂p. Kpcp JWvUn-X-ambn ]d-bp∂p: ‘CsXms°
Pf-Xb - m-Wv.’ Pf-Xs - b∂p ]d-bm≥ ImcWw \m\m-Xz-Øn-¬
imiz-Xa - q-ey-ßsf ImWm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xn\m-Wv. {]m]-©n-I-
{]-Xn-`m-kß - s- f√mw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. am‰-an-√m-ØX - mbn
{]]-©Øn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ C√. Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬\n∂p
thsdmcp hnj-bØ - n-te°v {]nbsØ ]dn-®p-\S- p-∂X - p-t]m-se-
b√ hnj-bØ - n¬\n∂pw {]nbsØ AS¿Øn-sb-SpØv Bflm-
hn¬ Dd-∏n®p \ndpØp-∂X - v. BIm-iw, Zn°v XpSßn ]m©-ù-
Xn-Iamb temIw ap-gp-h≥ \ma-k© - b - ß
- f
- m-Wv. F√m \ma-
ßfpw A\m-an-bmb Adn-hn¬ AS-ß-Ww. Adnhv am{Xta
ÿmbn-bmbn´p≈q. CXdn-bp-tºmƒ PfX t]mIpw. Adnhp
Xs∂-bmWv Rm≥ ˛ Bflm-h.v CXdn-bp-tºmƒ AIta B\µw
Ae-X-√pw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 141
62
]c-h-i-\mbv ]c-X-Øz-sa-s‚-sX-t∂m¿˛
°-cp-XcpsX∂p IYn-∏-sXm-∂n-\mte
hcp-a-dn-th-Xp- hcm IYn-∏-Xmte
]c-a-]Zw ]cn-Nn¥ sNbvXn-tS-Ww.
]c-h-i-\mbv ˛ euIn-IXbv°v ASns∏´v

]c-XØzw ˛ ]c-am-flm-hns\
Fs‚-sX∂v ˛ Fs‚ ]c-am-flm-sh∂v
Hm¿°-cpXv ˛ Icp-Xm≥ ]mSn√.
Acp-sX∂v ˛ Icp-Xm≥ ]mSn-s√∂v
IYn-∏-sXm-∂n-\mse ˛ ]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw
hcp-a-dn-thXv? ˛- F¥-dn-hp-≠m-Im-\mWv?
hcm IYn-∏-Xmse ˛ shdptX ]d-™-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw
⁄m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-√.
]c-a-]Zw ˛ ]c-am-flm-hns\
]cn-Nn¥ sNbvXn-tSWw ˛ a\-\-[ym\ØneqsS Adnb-Ww.
] c-hi
- X
- b
- mWv Hc-phs\ Xf¿Øp-∂X - v. kXyw thsd Fhn-
sStbm BsW∂p IcpXn AXns‚ em`-Øn-\mbn {]b-
Xv\n-°p-tºm-gmWv ]c-h-i-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. X∂n¬\n∂v A\y-amb
Hcp hkvXp-hmWv Xm≥ At\zjn-°p-∂Xv F∂p hnNm-cn-°p-
∂-h≥ Hcn-SØpw FØn-t®-cp-I-bn-√. DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ Pohn-
®n-cp∂ ⁄m\n-bmb I_o¿ ]d-bp-∂p: ""Cuiz-c≥ aµn-c-
Ønepw akvPn-Zn-ep-a-√. bmK-Ønepw tbmK-Ønepa√. Cuiz-
c≥ \ns‚ {]mWs‚ {]mW-\m-Ip∂p.'' \mw \nXym-\µw sXc-
™p-\-S-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn´v P∑-ßƒ HØncn Ign-™p. bm{X
Gsd sNbvXv `qan F∂ Cu k{X-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂n-´p≈
]Yn-I-∑m-cmWv \Ω-sf-√m-h-cpw. \Ω-fpsS bm{X \ΩpsS
bYm¿∞ kØsbtØ-Sn-bp-≈XmsW∂v Adn-bp-tºmƒ
CXp-hsc sNbvX bm{X-I-sf√mw hrYm-hn-em-bn-cp-∂p F∂p
Btflm]tZiiXIw 142
t_m[y-s∏-Spw. G‰hpw ASpØ H∂ns\ Adn-bmsX AI-
se-bp-≈-Xn-te°p Xe \o´p∂ \ΩpsS _p≤n ]mc-h-iy-am-
Wv. Xe-Xn-cn™ B _p≤n-sIm-≠mWv ho≠pw \Ωƒ ]c-
am-flm-hns\ Adn-bm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. ]c-am-flmhv GtXm Hcp
henb hkvXp--hn-s\-t∏mse am{Xta Aßs\ At\z-jn-°p-
∂-hs‚ a\- n¬ tXm∂pI-bp-≈q. Fs‚ ]c-am-flm-sh∂v
Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv. ImcWw F√m Ft‚-Xp-Ifpw Rm\-
√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. Fs‚ hoSv Rm-\-√. Fs‚ DSp∏v Rm\-√. Fs‚
ssI Rm\-√. Fs‚ icocw Rm\-√. Fs‚ a\ v Rm\-√.
AXp-t]mse Fs‚ Bflmhv F∂v \mw ]d-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ
Hm¿°Ww Rm\pw Bflmhpw c≠√ F∂v. ]cX-Øz-amb
Bflmhv Ft‚-X-√, Rm\m-Wv. Bflm-hns\ km£m-Xv°-cn-
®m¬ apºv Gt‚-sX∂v Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-sX√mw Bflm-\p-`-h-
Øn¬ H∂mbnØocpw. \m\m-Xz-ß-ƒ Bfl-⁄m-\-Øn¬
AkvX-an-°pw.
]c-am-flm-hns\ Ft‚-sX∂p Nn¥n-°-cp-sX∂p ]d-™-
Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw \ap°v ]c-am-fl-⁄m\w ssIh-cn-I-bn-√.
D]-\n-jØpw ss__nfpw Jp¿˛B\pw at\m-l-c-ambn Dcp-
hn-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]WvUn-X-in-tcm-a-Wn-Isf \ap°p ]e-
bn-SØpw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah¿ aWn-a-Wn-t]mse thZ-
]p-kvXIßƒ sNm√n-t°ƒ∏n-®p-X-cpw. ]t£, Poh≥ sImcp-
Øn´ sIWn-bn¬ Ahcpw Hcp ]d-h-sb-t∏mse Nnd-In-´Sn®p
\ne-hn-fn-°p∂ kµ¿`-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw D≠mImw. _‘\w
Bg-Øn-ep≈ ISpw-sI-´m-Wv. Fs‚ ]c-am-flmth, Fs‚
ssZhta F∂v ImWm-∏mTw ]Tn®v ]d-™p-\-S-∂m¬ ap‡n
ssIh-cn-√. ap‡n G‰p-sNm√n lrZn-ÿ-am-°m-hp-∂-Xp-a-√.
Bflm-hns‚ AKm-[-X-bn-te°v kz¥w X]- n-\m¬ B≠n-
d-ß-Ww. a\-\w-sIm≠v a\- ns\ D√w-Ln-°-Ww. [ym\-
Øns‚ kmK-c-kz-—X ssIh-cp-thmfw Cu ]cn-Nn-¥ XpS¿∂n-
tS-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 143
63
Adn-hn-en-cp-∂-]-c-Xz-am¿∂n-Sm-Xo˛
bdn-hn-s\-bn-ß-dn-bp-∂-sX-∂ntb Xm≥
]c-h-i-\m-b-dn-hoe ]WvUn-X≥ X≥˛
]c-a-c-l-ky-an-Xmcp ]m¿Øn-Sp-∂p!
Adn-hn-en-cp∂v ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂v
A]-c-Xz-am¿∂n-SmsX ˛ Xs∂ A\y-am-°msX
Cu Adn-hns\ ˛ Bflmhp Xs∂-bmb Adn-hns\
Cß-dn-bp-∂s- X-∂ntb ˛ ChnsS Adn-bm-sa-∂-√msX
]c-h-i-\mbv ˛ X∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-amWv Bflm-hv
F∂pIcpXn At\z-jn°p∂-Xn-eqsS
Adn-hoe ˛ Bflm\p`hw kw`-hn-°p-I-bn-√.
]WvUn-X≥ X≥ ˛ Bfl⁄m\n-bpsS
]c-a-c-lkyw ˛ ]c-a-clkyamb B¥-cn-Im-\p-`hw
CXmcp ]m¿Øn-Sp∂p! ˛ B¿°mWv a\- n-em-hp-∂-Xv?
B flm-t\z-jWw \S-Øp∂ km[-Icn¬ s]mXpth kw`-

hn-°m\nS-bp-≈ Hcp sX‰ns\ Kpcp Xncp-Øn-Ø-cn-I-
bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Adn-hn-t\bpw Adn-bp-∂-h-t\bpw ]rY-
°-cn®p ImWm≥ ]mSn-√. Bflm-hn-s\-bmWv km£m-XvI-cn-
t°-≠-Xv. km£m-Xv°mcw ka-Z¿i-\-am-Wv. kI-e-Xnepw
Bflm-hn-s\-°m-Wp-tºm-gmWv Hcmƒ ka-Z¿in-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ Hcmƒ km[-\-Iƒ sNøp-tºmƒ Bflmhv Xm\-
√mØ thsd Fhn-sStbm Ccn-°p∂ H∂m-sW∂p Icp-Xn-
bmWv A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ sNøp-∂-Xv. {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-hcpw
tbmKbpw {]mWm-bm-ahpw sNøp-∂-hcpw a{¥hpw ]qPbpw
\S-Øp-∂-hcpw F√mw Ah-cn¬\n∂v A\y-Ym-I-cn® Hcp
kØ-bmbn Bflm-hns\ I≠p-sIm-≠mWv A-t\z-jWw \S-
Øp-∂-Xv. H∂m-b kXysØ c≠m°n hn`-Pn®v ho≠pw H∂m-
°n-t®¿°p-hm≥th≠n a\p-jy≥ \S-Øp∂ s]Sm-∏m-Sn-s\-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 144
°p-dn-t®m¿Øv hyk-\-kz-c-Øn-emWv Cu t«mI-Øns‚ Ah-
km-\-]mZw Kpcp Na-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]WvUn-X≥X≥ ]c-a-c-
lkyw B¿°pw Adn-bm≥ Ignbp∂n-√t√m!
BcmWv ]WvUn-X≥? {KŸ-im-e-bpsS Hgn™ tImWn-
en-cp∂v alm-{K-Ÿß - ƒ hmbn-®p-Iq-´p-Ibpw Zp¿{Kl-amb Imcy-
ßƒ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp _p≤n-Po-hn-sb-bmWv ]WvUn-
X-s\∂v kmam-\y-P\w Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Kpcp CØ-c-
°msc ]c-h-i-∑m¿ F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. ]WvUn-X≥ F∂-
√. tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw A°m-Z-an-I-fnepw an°-hmdpw B{i-a-ß-
fnepw Cu ]c-h-i-∑m¿ A[--c-hym-bmaw sNøp-∂Xv \Ωƒ
ImWm-dp-≠v. ]t£, ]WvUn-X≥ F∂ hm°ns‚ t\cmb
A¿∞w A\p-`-h-km-I-ey-ap≈ ⁄m\n F∂m-Wv. ]c-a-amb
Adnhpw Rm\pw c≠√ F∂ A\p-`-hsØ ]WvUm F∂p
]d-bpw. Aev]w-t]mepw hn`m-Ko-b-X-bn-√mØ t_m[-amWv
]WvUm. ]WvUm Bfl-⁄m-\-am-Wv. Cu A\p-`hw hen-b-
h-enb ]Zm-he - n-If
- n¬ tIm¿Øn-W°n samgn-™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. au\-Øns‚ AKm-[-amb Dƒsh-fn-®-am-Wn-Xv.
]c-a-c-lkyw F∂p ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-a-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm Poh-
s‚bpw ]cn-Wmaw Cu ]c-a-c-l-kysØ D≈dn-bp-∂-Xn-te-
°mWv th≠-Xv. F∂m¬ CXv Bcpw a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√t√m
F∂ Aev]w tJZw \nd™ Hcp kzchpw Cu t«mI-Øn¬
AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Adn-tb-≠-Xns\ Adn-bmsX Bbp v
If-™p-Ip-fn-°p∂ Pohn-X-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ F¿s∏´v AXmWv
F√msa∂vv sX‰n-≤-cn®p Pohn-bv°p-∂hcpsS a≠-bv°p≈
Hcp taSv IqSn-bmWv Cu t«mIw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 145
64
{]Xn-hn-jbw {]Xn-_-‘-ta-dn- ta-hp˛
∂nXns\ \nP-kvar-Xnsb \ncm-I-cn°q
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm-e-XoX hnZym˛
\n[n sXfn-bp-∂n-Xn-\n√ \oXn-lm\n.
{]Xnhnjbw ˛ Hmtcm hnj-bhpw

{]Xn-_-‘-tadn tahp∂p ˛ Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-cØ - n\p
XS ambn h¿Øn°p∂p.
CXns\ ˛ Cu XS- sØ
\nP-kvar-Xnsb ˛ Bfl-kvar-Xn-sIm≠v
\ncm-I-cn°q ˛ X≈n-°f - b
- W
- w.
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvar-Xn-bm¬ ˛ Bflm-hns‚ koa-b‰ Hm¿Ω-bm¬
AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n ˛ F√m D]m-[n-Iƒ°pw AXo-X-amb
B\-µ-L-\m\p-`qXn
sXfn-bp∂p ˛ D≈n¬ sXfn-bp∂p.
CXn\v C√ \oXn-lm\n ˛ CXn¬ Abp-‡-ambn H∂p-an-√.
h kvXphpw hnj-bhpw XΩn¬ A¥-c-ap-≠v. hkvXp a\-

ns‚ {]nbm-{]n-b-ß-fp-ambn Ie-cp-tºmƒ AXp hnj-
b-am-bn. hnjbw hnjw-t]m-se-bm-sW∂mWv AjvSm-h-{I-ap-
\n- ]d-bp-∂X
- v. ""ap‡n-an-—n-°n¬ h¿÷n°q hnjw-t]m¬ hnj-
b-ß-sf.'' Aßs\ ]d-bm≥ Imc-Ww, hnjbw \Ω-psS hmk-
\sb apgp-h≥ DW¿Øn \sΩ I¿-tΩm-’p-I-cm-°pw. hnj-b-
ß-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip-tºmƒ cmK-tZz-j-ßƒsIm≠v {]Xn-I-c-
W-ßƒ {]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ krjvSn-°m-dp-≠v. I¿Ωw F∂p ]d-
bp-∂-Xv, Imay-hn-j-b-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ \nc-¥-c-amb {]h¿
Ø-\-am-Wv. Hcp hnjbw \ΩpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-te°p IS-∂p-
h-cp-tºmƒ B hnj-b-tØmSv A\p-_-‘-ambn thsdbpw
At\Iw hnj-b-ßƒ Iq´w-Iq-´-ambn at\m-apIp-c-Øn-te°v
Btflm]tZiiXIw 146
X≈n-°-bdn hcpw. Hmtcm hnj-b-Nn-¥bpw ""F\n-°mZyw
]q¿Øo-Ic- Ww \¬Iq'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - p-t]m-se-bmWv Imay-
hn-j-b-Øn-te°p t{]cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ Hcp
PohnXw apgp-h≥ hnj-b-Nn-¥-tbm-SptN¿∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-
ambn \Ωƒ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-tºmƒ Pohn-X-Øns‚ BXy-¥n-I-
amb e£yw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
c≠p Xc-Øn-ep-ff kvarXn-Iƒ (memory) \Ω-n¬ {]h¿Øn-
°p-∂p-≠v. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp kvarXn Xs∂-bmWv
c≠p apJ-ß-fn-te°p Xncn-™p-\n∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂v
hnj-b-kvar-Xn-bpw, thsdm∂v Bfl-kvar-Xn-bpw. Bfl-kvar-
Xn-bn-eqsS am{Xta hnj-b-kvar-Xnsb C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bp-
I-bp-≈q. hnj-bk - varXn _‘-\Ø- n\p Imc-Wa - m-Ip-∂p. Bfl-
kvarXn ap‡n-k-µm-b-I-am-Wv. Bflm-hns‚ kvarXn-sbbmWv
AXn-hn-iZ- k
- varXn F∂v Kpcp hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Bflm-
hns‚ kzcq-]-hn-h-cWw Hcp kZvKp-cp-hn¬\n∂pw tIƒ°-
Ww. F√m kvac-W-I-fp-tSbpw aqe-I-µ-amWv Bfl-k-Ø. B
Bfl-k-Ø-bn¬ {]m]-©n-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Hm¿Ω-
I-tfbpw kq£vaambn tImdn-bn-ń-´p-≠v.
ChnsS Cuiz-cs‚ akvXn-jvI-Øn-emWv {]m]-©n-I-tc-
J-I-sf√mw tiJ-cn-®ncn-°p-∂sX∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. Bfl
kvarXn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ ⁄m\sØ
Bflm-\-µ-ambn A\p-`-hn-®-dnbp-∂-Xv. sXfn-a-bp-≈ Hcp Pohn-
X-Ønte°v thsd Hcp Ffp∏h-gnbpan√. \mw Bfl-\n-jvT-
amb km[\ A\p-jvTn-°-Ww. F¥n-\mWv Aam-¥n-°p-∂Xv?
hnj-b-ß-fpsS XS w hnj-b-Nn¥ D≈n-S-tØmfw am{Xta
D≈q. F\n°pw Bflm-hn\pw CS-bn¬ Hcp a[y-h¿Øn
C√. CXp X¿°-an-√mØ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. \nP-kvar-Xn-sb- D-
W¿Øn Pzen-∏n-®p-\n¿Ø-Ww. B\-µ-Øn-te°v ]ns∂ Zqc-
ta-bn-√. AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n Bflm-\p-`qXnbmWv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 147
65
Hcp Ipdn \ma-dn-bm-Ø-sXm-∂p-an-ßn˛
√pcp-a-d-hm-e-dn-ho-ep-W¿∂n-sX√mw
Adn-h-h-cn-√-Xn-c-‰-Xm-I-bm-eo˛
bcp-a-sb-bm-c-dn-bp-∂tlm! hnNn{Xw!
Hcp Ipdn ˛ Hcp hi-Øp-\n∂pw t\m°n-bm¬

\mw Adn-bm-ØXv ˛ \ap°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bmØ
H∂pw Cßv C√ ˛ H∂pw-Xs∂ temI-Øn¬ C√.
Dcp ad-hm¬ ˛ cq]-ß-fpsS ad ImcWw
CsX√mw ˛ Cu temI-hn-j-b-ß-sf-sb√mw
DW¿∂v Adn-hoe ˛ Bfl-t_m-[-Øm¬ DW¿∂v \mw
Adn-bp-∂n√
AXn-c‰- X
- m-Ib
- m¬ ˛ A\-¥-hn-im-e-am-b-Xn-\m¬
Cu Acp-asb ˛ t{]a-kz-cq-]n-bmb Cu Bflm-hns\
Adn-h-h-cn√ ˛ Adn-bp-∂-h¿ Bcpw C√Xs∂.
Bc-dn-bp∂p ˛ As√-¶n¬ CsXms° Bc-dn-bp∂p?
Atlm! hnNn{Xw! ˛ B›-cy-I-c-amb Cu A\p-`hw
F{X hnNn-{X-am-Wv!
_ ¿{Sm‚ v d -en-s\-t∏m-sebp-≈ Nn¥-I-∑m¿ ssZh-Øn¬

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw Adn-hns‚ i‡n-bn¬ hniz-
kn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ch-cpsS Nn¥sb temPn-°¬ t]mkn-‰o-hnkw
(logical positivism) F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-
{]-Imcw Cu temI-Øn-ep≈ F√m Adn-hpIfpw Hcn-°¬
\ap°v ]q¿Æ-ambpw Adn-™p-Xo¿°m≥ Ign-bpw. {]]-
©Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ Fhn-sS--bmWv? {]]©w F¥n¬\n-
∂mWv D≠m-bXv? {]]-©-kr-jvSn°p ]n∂n¬ Fs¥-¶nepw
Dt±-iyapt≠m? Cß-s\-bp-≈ tNmZy-ßƒs°√mw Hmtcmtcm
DØ-c-ßƒ ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw \nco-£-W-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw
Is≠Ønbn´v AsX√mw tN¿Øp-h®p Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ
Btflm]tZiiXIw 148
temIsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ kp\n-›n-Xa - mb Hcp DØcw In´p-
sa∂pXs∂-bmWv temPn-°¬ t]mkn-‰o-hn-kp-I-fpsS hnizm-
kw. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp CXns\ Hcp hnizm-k-am-bn-´√ ImWp-
∂-Xv. CXns\ Hcp km[y-X-bm-bn-´mWv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv.
Hcp a¨Xcnsb \ap°v Adn-bm-sa-¶n¬ `qansb apgp-h≥
Adn-bm≥ Ignbpw F∂p-≈Xv Hcp km[y-Xb - mWv. AXp hnNm-
cn®v BcmWv `qan-bn-ep-≈ a¨X-cn-I-sf√mw FÆn-s∏-dp°n
Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv? Aßs\ Bsc-¶nepw {ian-°p-
∂p-s≠-¶n¬ AXns\ apgpØ {`ms¥t∂ ]d-bm-s\m-°q.
Hcp Ipdn \mw Adn-bm-Ø-sXm-∂p-an-ßn√. Cßs\ Hcp ho£-
W-tIm-Wn¬\n∂pw t\m°p-tºmƒ \ap-°-dn-bm-\m-Im-Ø-
Xmbn Cu temI-Øn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂ C√. ]t£, Cu Adn-
hn¬ Hcp XI-cm-dp-≠v. H∂ns\ thsdm-∂n¬\n∂pw hyXn-cn-
‡-am-°n-bmWv \mw Adn-bp-∂X - v. AXn\p ImcWw Hcp hkvXp-
hns\ \mw Adn-bp-tºmƒ AXn\v Hcp cq]w Ds≠-∂p-≈-Xm-
Wv. temIw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv _lp-k-l{kw cq]-ßƒXs∂-
bm-Wv. B cq]-ßƒs°√mw \ma-ßƒ sImSp-°p-tºm-gmWv
temI-hp-ambn \ap°v hyh-l-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. F√m \ma-
cq-]-ß-tfbpw ka-\z-bn-®-dn-bp∂ Hcp kam-\m-[n-I-c-W-X-bp-
≠v. cq]-ß-fpsS ad ImcWw Cu kam-\m-[n-I-c-W-X-bn-te°v
a\- ns\ DW¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bm-dn-√. Cu kam-
\m-[n-I-cWX Pohn-X-Øn-s‚- ]c-a-amb A¿∞-am-Wv.
\nc-Xn-i-b-amb B\-µhpw t{]ahpw hgn-s™m-gp-Ip∂
Acp-a-bmb Cu Adn-hns\ Bcm-W-dn-bp-∂Xv? A{Xbpw
⁄m\-]n-]m-kbpw kXym-t\z-j-W-]-c-Xbpap≈ Hcmƒ°v
Cu Acp-a-bpsS Aa-c-k-√m]w Km\-]o-bq-j-ambn A\p-`-hn-
°m≥ Ign-bpw. tbmKn-I-fpsS NnØ-Øn¬ elcn ]I-cp∂
Cu A\p-`hw F{X hnNn-{X-amWv! F√m A¤p-X-ß-fn-te-
°pw-h®v alm-¤p-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bfl-\n¿hrXn. Atlm!
hnNn{Xw!
Btflm]tZiiXIw 149
66
Cc apX-em-b-h-sb-∂p-an-{]-Imcw
hcp-an-\nbpw, hc-h-‰p-\n-ev]-tXIw
Adn-hXp, \ma-Xp-Xs∂ a‰p-sa-√m˛
hcp-a-Xp-X≥ hSn-hm¿∂p \n∂n-Sp-∂p.
Cc apX-em-bh ˛ kpJZpxJk-Ωn-{i-amb hnj-bß-ƒ

F∂pw ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw
C{]-Imcw ˛ Ct∏m-gs- Ø-t]m-se-Xs∂
hcp-an-\nbpw ˛ C\nbpw h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw.
hc-h‰v \nev]Xv ˛ \n-›-e-ambn \n¬°p-∂Xv
GIw ˛ H∂p am{X-am-Wv.
Adnhv AXv ˛ AXv GI-amb Adn-hm-Wv.
\mw AXp-Xs∂ ˛ \mw B Adn-hp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
a‰p F√m-hcpw ˛ a‰p≈ F√m-hcpw
AXp-X≥ ˛ B GI-amb Adnhns‚
hSn-hm¿∂v ˛ kzcq]w ssIs°m≠v
\n∂n-Sp∂p ˛ \ne-\n¬°p∂p.
F √m Pohn-Ifpw P\n-°p-∂Xv hni-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hni∏v

Hcp Ima-am-Wv. hni∏v A·n-t]m-se-bmWv IØn-°mfn
s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Pzen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ A·n-IpWvUØ - n
te°v hnd-Ip-Iƒ C´p-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ Ah IØn-®m-º-emIp
∂Xp-t]mse hni-∏m-Ip∂ A·nsb ian-∏n-°p∂Xn\v Blm-
c-am-Ip∂ hnd-Ip-Iƒ thWw. C{µn-b-ßƒ B¿Øn ]q≠
hni-∏m-fn-I-fm-Wv. hnj-b-ß-sf-bmWv C{µn-b-ßƒ Bl-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Kpcp C{µn-b-hn-j-b-ßsf Cc-I-fm-bmWv hnti-jn-
∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Cc-IfmWv C{µn-b-ßƒ°v
th≠Xv. ]©-hn-j-b-ßfpw Ah-bpsS ]e A\p-]m-X-Øn-
ep≈ tNcp-h-Ifpw Cc-I-fpsS hn]p-e-amb {]]-©-sØ-bmWv
Btflm]tZiiXIw 150
\ap°v apºn¬ Xo¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hnj-b-{]-]-©-sa√mw
\ΩpsS Ima-\I - f
- psS D]-ia
- \
- Ø
- n-\m-bp-≈ Cc-If
- m-Wv. i_vZ-
kv]¿i-cq-]-c-k-K-‘m-Zn-I-fmb Cc-Isf Xn∂mWv Poh≥
IqØm-Sp-∂-Xv. Xn∂mepw Xn∂mepw hnj-b-ßƒ Xocn-√.
ho≠pw ho≠pw hnj-b-ßƒ h∂p-sIm≠ncn°pw. hcn-I-am-
{X-a√, Ah h∂p-t]mhp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ t]m°-
‰p-\n-ev°p∂ kXyw Ht∂-bp-≈q. AXv Bflm-hm-Wv. AXv
Adn-hm-Wv. B Adn-hmWv Rm≥.
Poh-s\∂ th´-°m-c\pw hnj-ß-fm-Ip∂ Cc-Ifpw XΩn-
ep≈ D`-b-_‘w Hcp ssPhn-I-{]-{In-b-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu
ssPhn-I{- ]-{In-b° - ∏ - p-dØv Hcp ssZhn-I{- ]-{In-b- Nne hy‡n-
I-fn¬ [ym\m-flI - a- mb ]cn-h¿Ø\w hcp-Øm-dp-≠v. At∏mƒ
Cc- I - f n- e p≈ {]nbX Poh\v Ipd- b p- ∂ p. \nivvN-e-ambn
\n¬°p∂ km£n-kz-cq-]\ - mb Adn-hn-t\m-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw
Poh\v P\n-°p-tºmgm-Wv Cc-I-tfm-Sp≈ Bk-‡nbpw B¿
Ønbpw eLq-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Bfl-⁄m-\-Øns‚ apt∂m-
Sn-bmbn \n¿th-Zm-hÿ - sb {]m]n-t°-≠X - p-≠v. Bfl-⁄m\w
h∂p-wt]mbpw Ccn-°p∂ Xc-Ønep-≈X-√. AXv GI-am-Wv.
B GIw At\-IX - Iƒs°√mw Imc-Whpw A[n-jT v m-\h
- p-am-
Wv. Rm≥ B-cmWv? F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v Rm≥ GI-am-b Adn-
hp-Xs- ∂-bmWv F∂ DØ-ca - mWv e`n-°p-∂X- .v Cu al-Ømb
Adn-hns‚ {]kv^p-cW - ß
- f- mWv kIe \ma-cq-]-{]-]-©-hpw.
Bfl-⁄m-\n X∂n¬\n∂pw A\y-ambn {]]-©sØ ImWp-
∂n- √ . A\yXzw A⁄m- \ - Z - i - b n- e m- W v . hSnhv F∂m¬
BIrXn F∂mWv A¿∞w. Pe-Øns‚ hSn-hmWv Xnc. Xnc-
bpsS Df-f-S°w Pe-am-Wv. Adn-hns‚ hSn-hp-I-fmWv Zriy-{]-
]-©w. Zriy-{]-]-©-Øns‚ D≈-S°w Adnhp am{X-am-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 151
67
KW-\b- n¬\n∂p Ihn-™s- Xm∂p km[m˛
cW-anh c≠p-sam-gn-s™m-c-\y-cq]w
\n\-hn-ep-an-√Xp \n{Z-bn-¶epw ta˛
en\-\-K-c-Øn-ep-sa-ßp-an√ \q\w.
KW-\-bn¬ \n∂v ˛ C{µn-b-Øn-t‚bpw a\- n-t‚bpw

IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-Iƒ°v
Ihn-™Xv H∂v ˛ A∏pd-Øp-≈ H∂v,
km[m-cWw ˛ C{µn-b-ßƒsIm≠pw a\- p-
sIm≠pw KWn-®-dn-bm-hp∂ H∂v.
Ch c≠pw Hgn™ ˛ Ch c≠pw IqSmsX
Hcp A\y-cq]w ˛ thsd Fs¥-¶n-epw- X-cØ
- n-ep≈
Hcp A-dnhv
\n\-hnepw C√ ˛ DW¿hnepw C√,
CXp \n{Z-bn-¶epw ˛ Dd-°-Ønepw C√,
ta¬ C\-\-K-c-Ønepw ˛ kz]v\Ønepw C√.
Fßpw C√ ˛ Fhn-sSbpw C√.
\q\w ˛ CXp Xo¿®-bm-Wv.
A dn-hns‚ taJ-eI
- sf c≠mbn ]Ip-Øp-h®v a\- n-em-°p-
∂Xv imkv{Xo-ba - mb Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. KW-\b
KW-\-bn¬\n∂p Ihn-™Xpw Nne Bfp-Iƒ kwkm-cn-°p-
- n-ep-≈Xpw
tºmƒ Cu c≠p hi-ßt- fbpw Iqń-°p-g®p kwkm-cn-°pw.

Ah¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw Bi-b° - p-g∏
- a
- p-≠m-°p∂ XcØn-em-
Wv. Aß-s\-bp-≈h-cpsS Nn¥bv°v Hcp ASp°pw apdbpw
D≠m°ns°mSp-t°-≠Xv Kpcp-hns‚ [¿Ω-am-Wv. Kpcp ]d-bp∂
Cu hn`-P\w ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - cpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂X- m-Wv. H∂v
tkm]m-[n-I⁄m\w (relative knowledge). at‰Xv \ncp-]m[n-I-
⁄m\w (absolute knowledge). KW\ F∂ hm°p tIƒ°p-
tºmƒ AXv shdpw IW-°p-Iq-´¬ am{X-a√ - , ]cn-KW- \IqSn-
bm-W-Xv. F√m- C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-ßfpw AXp-t]mse t_m[˛
Btflm]tZiiXIw 152
At_m-[˛A¿[-t_m-[{- ]-{In-bI - fpw ChnsS ]d-bp∂ KW-\-
bpsS ]cn-KW - \- b- n¬ hcp-∂X - m-Wv. KW-\b - n¬s]Sp∂ Adnhv
km[m-cW - a- m-Wv. KW\ sF{µn-bK - W
- \- b
- m-Wv. i_vZk
- v]¿i-
cq-]c
- k
- K
- ‘- ß - f - mWv km[m-cW Adn-hns‚ hnj-ßƒ. km[m-
cW Adnhv At\-Ia - m-Wv.
KW\-bn¬\n∂v Ihn-™Xv imkv{X-Øns‚ ]cn-KW - b - n¬
hcp-∂X - √
- . AXv A¥¿⁄m-\] - c
- a
- m-Wv. tbmKm-\p-`q-Xn-bn¬
ssIh-cp∂ sXfn-hp‰ D≈-am-W.v _p≤n-sIm≠v Nn¥nt®m C{µn-
b-ßƒsIm≠v KWnt®m Adn-bm-hp∂ KW-Øn¬ s]´-X√
Cu Adn-hv. CXv F√m Adn-hnepw Ihn™ Adn-hm-Wv. Im‚ v
]d-bp∂ transcendental knowledge - AXo-X⁄ - m\w Gsd-°p-
sd-sbms° KW-\b - n¬\n∂v Ihn-™X - m-Wv. ]uc-kvXy¿°v
Cu `mj s]s´∂p a\- n-em-Ipw. ]m›m-Xy-a\ -
- p-≈h- ¿°v
{]Xy-£{- ]-am-WØ- n-\∏- p-dt- Ø°v Xe-Xn-cn-®p-t\m-°p-hm≥ cqV-
aq-ea
- mb Hcp ssh¢-_y-ap-≠v. Cu c≠p KW-\b - n¬ s]Sm-Ø-
Xmbn aq∂m-as - Xmcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpan√.
Nne aX-{K-Ÿß - f - n-¬ s]cp∏n®p ]d-bp∂ hy‡n-Ifnse
hn{`m-aI - mb (hallucinatory) A\p-`h
- a - ß
- s - f-t∏mepw km[m-cW
Adn-hns‚ KW-Ønte Kpcp s]Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈q. a™-∏´- p-Sb - m-
Sbpw abn¬∏o-enbpw NqSnb DÆn-°-Æt\bpw ssIbn¬
Ip™m-Sp-ambn acp`q-an-bn-eqsS \S-∂p-\o-ßp∂ tbip-tZ-ht\bpw
Nne¿°v kzm\p-`h - Ø - n¬ sXfn-bp-tºmƒ AsX√mw Imev]\ - n-
I-amb a\- ns‚ hncp-Xp-Iƒ am{X-am-bmWv Kpcp FÆp-∂X - .v
C\-\K - cw kqcy-aW - U v e - a
- m-W.v apgp-h≥ km¶-e] v n-I temIm\p-
`-hß
- fpw Cu KW-\b - n¬ hcp-∂p. AXv kz]v\Ø - ns‚ t- em-
Ihp-am-Wv. a\ v F{X k¶-ev]n-®mepw Ahsb√mw km[m-
cW Adnhp am{X-am-W.v KW-\b - n¬\n∂pw KW-\m-Xo-Xa - mbn
t_m[sØ Db¿Øn-sb-SpØv \ncp-]m-[n-Ia - mb ⁄m\-\njvT-
bn¬ Pohn-°p-∂h - \v temIw _‘-\a - √
- . hnjm-ZØ - nt\m \ncm-
ibvt°m hiw-hZ- \ - m-tI≠ Imcy-hpan-√. \n w-K\mbn B\-µ-
tØmsS Pohn-°m≥ Ah\p Ign-bpw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 153
68
Ac-h-h-Sm-Ir-Xn-t]m-e-l-¥ -c-≠m˛
bdn-hn-ep-aw-Kn-bnepw IS-°-bmte
Hcp Ipdn-bmcy-bn-Xn-ß-\m-cy-bm-Ip˛
s∂mcp-I-pdn-sb-∂p-W-tc-W-aq-l-imen.
Ac-hh
- S- m-Ir-Xn-t]m¬ ˛ Ib-dns‚ BIm-csØ ]mºmbn
sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
Al¥ ˛ Poh≥
c≠mbv ˛ c≠p [mc-bmbn
Adn-hnepw ˛ Bfl-k-Ø-bn-te°pw
AwKn-bnepw ˛ A\m-fl-k-Ø-bn-te°pw
IS-°b- mte ˛ Htc-t]mse {]th-in-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠v
Hcp Ipdn ˛ Bfl-h-i-Øp-\n∂pw t\m°p-tºmƒ
Bcy ˛ ap‡n-bn-te°p \bn-°p∂
Adn-hmbpw
Hcp Ipdn ˛ A\m-fl-h-i-Øp-\n∂pw
t\m°p-tºmƒ
CXv Cßv ˛ CXv ChnsS
A\m-cy-bm-Ip∂p ˛ _‘-Im-c-W-ambpw Xocp∂p.
F∂v ˛ F∂Imcyw
Dul-imen ˛ a\-\-io-e≥
DW-tcWw ˛ A\m-flm-hn¬\n∂pw Bflm-hn-
te°p DW¿∂p a\- n-em-°-Ww.
Hm tcm Ip™pw ChnsS P\n°ptºmƒ c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≈

km[y-X-Iƒ Ah-\n¬ A¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. H∂p-In¬
Ah≥ sX‰mb Adn-hns‚ taml-h-e-b-Øn¬ Ipcpßn IjvS-
\-jvS-ß-fpsS IW-°p-Iƒ ]d™v Pohn-°p∂ kmam-\y-P-\-
ß-fn¬ Hcp-h-\m-bn-Øo-cpw. As√-¶n¬ Ah≥ ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿
∞-amb ap‡n-bn-te°p \bn-°p∂ \ncp-]m-[n-⁄m-\sØ
kzoI-cn®v B am¿§-Øn-eqsS Ncn®v ]q¿Æ{]⁄\pw kzX-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 154
{¥-\p-am-bn-Øo-cpw. Cu c≠p hgn-Ifpw \ΩpsS apºn¬ e`y-
amsW-¶nepw GXp Xncs™-Sp-°-W-sa∂ \n›bw hcp-
Øp∂Xv \ΩpsS AXp-h-sc-bp-≈ kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw Cuiz-
cm-\p-{K-l-Øn\pw A\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°pw.
Hmtcm Ip™pw P\n-°p-∂Xv ]q¿hP∑kva-c-W-I-fp-am-
bmWv. B kvac-W-Iƒ km[m-cW Hm¿Ω-Iƒt]mseb√
\Ωn¬ {]Im-in-°p-∂-Xv. Ahy-‡-X-e-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂
t{]c-W-I-fm-Wv Ah. Ahsb hmk\Iƒ F∂mWv thZm-
¥-im-kv{X-Øn¬ hnfn-°p-∂Xv. hmk-\IfpsSIqsS \ΩpsS
Hmtcm \nanj-tØbpw A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS -kw-kv°mcsØ-IqSn
tN¿°-s∏-Spw. At∏mƒ hmk-\bpw kwkvIm-chpw Hcp
hy‡n-bn¬ h¿Ø-am-\-Po-hnX-sØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. Aß-
s\ A\p- K r- l o- X - \ mb hy‡n ]c- a amb Adn- h n- t e°v
Xncn™v A[n-jvTm-\-k-XysØ Adn-bm≥ XpS-ßp-∂Xv Bcy-
bm-Wv. Bcy F∂m¬ Adn-hns‚ t{ijvT-amb am¿§-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ {]nbm-{]n-bß - f - psS I¿XrXzw sX‰mbn Gs‰-Sp-
Ø AwKn-bn-emWv hy‡n h¿Øn-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬ AXv A\m-
cybmb Adn-hm-Wv. CXp t_m[n-∏n-®p-Xc - p-hm≥ th≠n thZm-
¥n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈ Hcp ZrjvSm-¥-sØ-bmWv Kpcp
ChnsS amXr-Ib - mbn FSp-Øn-´p-≈Xv. Nne¿ shfn-®° - p-dh
- p-
sIm≠v Npcp-≠p-InS-°p∂ Ibdp ImWp-tºmƒ AXp ]mºm-
sW∂p \n\®p `b-hn-lz-√c - m-Im-dp-≠v. Ib-dn¬ ]mºns\ Im
Wp-∂Xv Adnhp Xs∂-bm-W.v F∂m¬ AXv Chn-Ss - Ø kµ¿`-
Øn¬ A\m-cy-bm-Wv. \mw {]m]-©n-IZ- r-iy-ßf - n¬ kXysØ
Z¿in-°p-tºmƒ B Adnhv A\m-fl-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Ib-
dn¬ ]mºns\ I≠ B BƒXs∂ shfn®w hcp-tºmƒ Ib-
dn¬ I≠ ]mºns\ \ncm-Ic - n®v Ib¿ F∂ kXysØ Xncn-
®-dn-bp-∂p. CXv Bcy-bm-Wv. \ap°pw {]]-©Z- r-iy-ßsf \ncm-
Icn®v A[n-jvTm-\a - mb Bfl-kØ - sb km£m-XvIc - n-°m\m-
Ipw. A[n-jvTm-\sØ Adn-bp-tºm-gmWv Pohn-X-Øns‚
A¿∞w ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂X - v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 155
69
{ipXn apXemw XpcKw sXmSp-sØm-cm-fl˛-
{]Xn-a-sbgpw Ic-W-{]-ho-W-\mfpw
cXn-c-Y-ta-dn-b-l¥ cay-cq]w
{]Xn ]pdta s]cp-am-dn-Sp-∂-P{kw.
{ipXn apXemw ˛ sNhn apX-emb C{µn-b-ß-fm-Ip∂

XpcKw sXmSpØv ˛ IpXn-c-Isf ]qń
Hcp Bfl-{]-Xn-a-sbgpw ˛ Bflm-hns‚ {]Xna Fgp-∂≈p∂
IcW{]ho-W≥ Bfpw ˛ a\-s ∂ kmcYn \nb-{¥n-
°p-∂-Xp-amb
cXn-c-Y-tadn ˛ cXn-bm-Ip∂ cY-Øn¬ Ibdn
Al¥ ˛ Al¥
]pdta ˛ ]pd-Øp-≈
cay-cq]w {]Xn ˛ kpJ-hn-j-b-ßƒs°m∏w
AP{kw ˛ ho≠pw ho≠pw
s]cp-am-dn-Sp∂p ˛ Np‰nØn-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
Po hnXw Hcp bm{X-bm-Wv. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Cu bm{X

bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. Cu bm{X XpS-ßn-bXv F∂mWv?
bm{X-bpsS XpS°w Ime-Øns‚bpw XpS-°-am-Wv. {]]-©-
Øns‚ XpS-°-hp-am-Wv. Pohs‚ XpS-°-hp-am-Wv. Ncn{Xw CXp
apX¬°mWv XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. krjvSn-bn¬Xs∂ A¥¿\n-ln-
X-amb A⁄m-\-amWv Bflm-hn-¬\n∂pw Fs∂ AS¿Øn-
am-‰n-b-Xv. Bflm-hn¬\n∂pw AS¿Øp-∂Xpw AI-‰p-∂Xpw
Bflm-hns‚ Hcp {IoU-bm-Wv. AI-ep-tºmƒ Rm≥ Bsc∂p
ad-∂p-t]m-Ip∂p. Fs‚ kzcq-]sØ hnkva-cn-°p∂p. F{X
Hm¿Ωn-®n´pw Fhn-sS-bmWv Fs‚ Dd-hnSw F∂-dn-bm≥ Ign-
bp-∂n-√. B Adn-√m-bva-bn¬-\n-∂mWv \mw bm{X Bcw-`n-
®Xv. Pohn-Xa - m-Ip∂ B bm{X-bpsS ca-Wo-ba- mb Hcp Nn{XW
Btflm]tZiiXIw 156
amWv Cu t«mIw. bm{X sNøm≥ \msamcp hml\sØ
B{i-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. cXn-cYw F∂mWv B hml-\-Øns‚
t]cv. cXn F∂m¬ A`n-c-a-\-hm-RvO-bm-Wv. cXn-bn-s√-¶n¬
PohnXw Ac-Xn-bmbn amdpw. AcXn aSp-∏m-Wv. temI-Po-hn-X-
Øn¬ cXn Is≠-Øp-∂-XmWv km[m-c-W-Po-hn-Xw. Bflm-
hn¬ cXn Is≠-Øp-∂-XmWv A≤ym-fl-Po-hn-Xw. hnj-b-ß-
fn¬ Zo¿L-Imew can-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. hnj-b-ßƒ s]s´∂p
aSp°pw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hnj-b-ßƒ amdn-amdn A\p-`-hn-
°m≥ a\p-jy≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Bflm-hn-ep≈
cXn imiz-Xa- m-Wv. Bflm-hns\ aSp-°p-Ib
- n-√. Bflmhv \nXy-
am-Wv. \mi-ap-≈-X-√.
cXn-c-Y-Øn-emWv Pohn-X-bm-{X. AXnse k©m-cn-bm-b
Rm≥ {]Xna IW-s°-bmWv Ccn-°p-∂X - v. {]Xna Poh-\m-Wv.
Bflm-hns‚ {]Xn-_nw-_c - q-]a
- mWv Poh≥. Rm≥ {]Xn-ab - m-
bn-SØ- p-\n-∂mWv F\n°v bm{X sNtø≠nh∂-Xv. Fs‚ cY-
Øn\p A©p IpXn-cI - fp≠v. ⁄mt\-{µn-bß - f - m-Ip∂ A©v
IpXn-cI - ƒ. Gsd {]ho-W\ - mb a\-s ∂ Ic-Wa - mWv IpXn-c-
I-fpsS ISn-™m¨ ]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. ]t£ IpXn-cI - ƒ°m-
Is´ kpJ-hn-jb - ß - f - nte°v IpXn-®p-]m-bm-\mWv hy{K-X. kpµ-
c-cq-]ß- fpw arZp-kv]¿i-ßfpw lrZy-amb cpNn-Ifpw hmk-\-
Ifpw I¿Æm-\µ - I - c
- a- mb i_vZß - fpw C{µn-bß - sf c - a
- n-∏n®p-
sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂mWv Cu bm{X°v Hcdp-Xn-bp≈Xv?
Rm≥ F∂nse Bflm-hmb Fs∂ Adn-bW - w. Rm≥ thsd
Fhn-sS-bp-a-√. Rm≥ F∂n-em-sW∂v Adn-b-Ww. At∏mƒ
bm{X Ah-km-\n-®p. Bflm-hn¬ Rm≥ \n›-e-\m-Ipw.
F∂nse Ima-\I - fpsS Xo AW-bpw. IpXn-cI - fpw tXcm-fnbpw
cY-N{- I-ßfpw aqS¬a-™n¬ kqcy-In-cW - ß - ƒ Gev°p-tºmƒ
Aen-™p-t]m-Ip-∂X - p-t]mse Xntcm-`h - n-°pw. cYhpw IpXn-c-
Ifpw Bflm-hn¬ A≤ykvXamb kz]v\k - ∂ - n-à- mb A\p-`-
h-ßf - m-bn-cp∂p F∂p t_m≤y-s∏-Spw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 157
70
Hcp cXn- X-s∂-b-l-¥-bn-{µn-bm¥x
Ic-W-I-tf-_-c-sam-∂n-sXm-s°-bmbn
hncn-bp-an-Xn∂p hncm-a-saßp thdm˛
adn-h-h-s\-∂-dn-thm-f-tam¿Øn-tS-Ww.
Hcp cXn-Xs∂ ˛ Htcsbmcp B\µw Xs∂-bmWv

Al¥ ˛ A-l-¥-bmbpw
C{µnb ˛ C{µn-bß - fpw
A¥x-I-cW ˛ A¥°-c-W-ßfpw
Itf-_cw ˛ ico-chpw
F∂n-sXm-s°-bmbn ˛ F∂n-hs- b√mambn
hncnbpw ˛ thsd-th-sd-bmbnØocp-∂Xv.
thdmw Adn-h-h≥ ˛ Adn-bp-∂-h-\mb Rm≥ thsd
F∂-dn-thmfw ˛ F∂p sX‰n-≤c- n-®n-cn°p-∂n-St- Ømfw
CXn∂p ˛ Cu hnj-b-c-Xnbv°v
hncm-a-saßv? ˛ hncm-a-sa-ßs\ D≠m-Im-\mWv?
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ C°mcyw \√ Hm¿Ω thWw.
B \µw Ht∂-bp-≈q. AXv Bflm-\µ

am{Xta B\-µØ
≈q. thsd F√mw I]-St- {km-X
- a
- m-Wv. Bflm-hns\
- ns‚ t{kmX- mbn Adn-bm≥ ]mSp-
- p-If- m-W.v anYym-Xzw-sIm-≠mWv
\Ωƒ Atßm´v Hen-®p-t]m-Ip-∂X - v. hy‡n-ic - o-cØ
- n\v D]m-
[n-If- n-eqsS am{X-ta can-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - p-≈q. Al-¥, A¥°-
cWw, C{µn-bß - ƒ, icocw CsX√mw hy‡n-KX-amb D]m-[n-
I-fm-Wv. Hmtcm a\p-jy-\nepw Cu D]m-[n-IfpsS kz`m-h-Øn\v
hyXym-ka - p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Nne Bfp-If - psS IÆp-Iƒ°v \√
ImgvNi - ‡- n-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ thsdm-cmƒ°v h¿Æ-ßsf Xncn-
®-dn-bm-\m-hp-Ib - n-√. Nne¿°v F√mw Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®d - nbm-
\m-Ipw. a‰p Nne¿°m-Is´ F{X tI´mepw a\- n-em-hp-Ib - n-√.
CXv Bflm-hns‚ tZmjw-sIm-≠√ - . Bflm-hns\ ad-®p-h® - n-cn-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 158
°p∂ D]m-[n-If - psS tZmjw-sIm-≠m-Wv. D]m-[n-Iƒ°v Cu
tZmjw ssIh-∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv hnI-e-amb I¿Ω- k wkv I m-
cßƒsIm-≠m-Wv. I¿Ω-sØ ip≤o-Icn®m¬ kwkvIm-csØ
kmXzn-I-am-°m≥ Ignbpw-. A¥-°-cWw ip≤-am-Ip-tºmƒ
D]m-[n-tZmjw ]cn-lr-X-ambn Bfl-kz-cq-]sØ kz—-Xt- bmsS
ImWm-\m-Ipw.
Htc-sbmcp B\µw am{Xta D≈q. Bflmhv GI-am-b-X-
bp-sIm≠v B\-µhpw ]e-Xm-Im≥ Xc-an-√. D]m-[n-t`-Zw-
sIm≠pam{X-amWv hnj-b-\m-\mXzw {]Xo-X-am-Ip∂Xpw hnj-
b-t`m-KXzc s]cp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. Kpcp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂Xv, hnj-bhpw A\p-t`m-‡mhpw thsd-th-sdsb∂ tXm∂-
ep-≈n-S-tØmfw -cXn \m\m-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ hncn-™p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°pw. Bflm-\-µ-Øn¬ Cu th‰p-a-Ifn-√. hnj-b-t`m-K-
ßfnemWv t`Zw hcp-∂X - v. AXp-sIm≠v F√m t`mK-ßƒ°pw
Hcp AdpXn hcp-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ Bfl-cXn H∂p am{X-amWv
kXy-am-bn-´p-≈q F∂ A\p-`-h-\njvT B¿÷n-°p-I-bmWv
th≠-Xv. Hcp cXn ]c-a-t{]-a-am-Wv. \mc-Z-a-l¿jn `‡nbmbn
\n¿h-Nn-°p-∂Xv ]c-a-t{]-a-sØ-bm-Wv. B\-µn-°p-hm-\p-≈
A`n-emjw Pohn-I-fn¬ kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. B\-µ-amWv Pohn-
X-Øns‚ A¿∞w. B≤ym-fln-I-Po-hnXw B\-µsØ \ntj-
[n-°p-∂-X-√. B\-µsØ ]q¿Æ-Xbpw XnI-hp-ap-≈-Xm-°p-
∂-Xm-Wv. km[m-cW Bfp-Iƒ ssewKn-I-kpJ-sØ-bmWv
cXn F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ssewKn-I-kpJw cXn-bpsS _mly-
Xew am{X-am-Wv. B cXnsb Bfl-X-e-Øn¬ B\p-`q-Xn-I-
ambn A\p-`-hn-°m≥ ]‰p-tºm-gmWv lXm-i-\m-ImsX Pohn-
°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. Adn-bp-∂h\pw Adnhpw Hs∂∂dn-bp-∂-
XmWv cXnbpsS ]mc-ayw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 159
71
kh-\-sam-gn™p ka-Xz-am¿∂p \nev]o˛
eh-\n-bn-em-cp-a-\mZn eoe-bt{X
Ahn-c-f-am-Ip-an-Xm-I-th-b-dn-™m˛
eh-\-Xn-c‰ kpJw `hn-®n-Sp-∂p.
kh-\-sam-gn™v ˛ krjvSnbpw eb-hp-an-√msX

Ah-\n-bn¬ ˛ temI-Øn¬
Bcpw ˛ Bcpw-Xs∂
ka-Xz-am¿∂p ˛ \n›-e-amb \ne-bn¬
\nev]oe ˛ \n¬°p-∂n√.
A\m-Zn-eo-e-bt{X ˛ P\-\hpw ac-Whpw hmgvhpw
BZn-bn-√m-Ø eoe-bm-Wv.
Ahn-cf-amIpw ˛ apS-°-an-√msX \S-°p∂
CXv BIth ˛ Cu {]{In-b-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambpw
Adn-™m¬ ˛ B\p-`q-Xn-I-ambn Adn-™m¬
Ah\v ˛ B ⁄m\n°v
AXn-c‰ ˛ AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ
kpJw ˛ ]c-am-\µw
`hn-®n-Sp-∂p ˛ e`n-°p∂p.
`m K-h-X-`-‡-∑m¿ {]]-©Øns‚ krjvSn-ÿn-Xn-kw-lm-c-

ßsf `K-hms‚ eoe-bm-bmWv Z¿in-°p-∂X - v. Nn{X-Im-c-
\mb `K-hm≥ Hcp sIm®p-Ip-™n-s\-t∏mse {]]-©cN\
\SØn Ifn-°p-Ibm-Wv. `K-hms‚ Nmb-°q-´p-I-fn¬\n∂pw
Dcphw sIm≈p∂ \mw Pohn-XsØ Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n®p-h-cptºm-
tg°pw ]pXnb Nmb-ßƒ tX®v `K-hm≥ \sΩ ambv®p-If - -
bpw. ]ns∂ AhnsS thsdmcp Nn{Xw hc-bv°pw. {]]-©k - r-
jvSn°v Hcp tkmt±-iy-X-bp-s≠∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw AsX-¥m-
sW∂v Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ XØz-Nn-¥I-fp-
≠v. F∂m¬ Aßs\ Hcp e£yhpw Cs√∂p hmZn-°p-∂h - -
cp-ap≠v. Cu c≠p KW-Ønepw {io\mcm-bW - K
- pcp ]d-bp∂
Btflm]tZiiXIw 160
A\m-Zn-eo-esb Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-Ibn-√. \sΩ kw_-
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A\m-Zn-eo-e-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw \mw ]¶m-fn-
I-fm-bn-ń-√. B eoe-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cpI F∂p-≈X - mWv \ΩpsS
kp\n›n-X-amb Dt±-iyw. {]]-©-eo-e-bn¬ Dƒt®-cp-∂-Xn\v
XS w \n¬°p∂ hy‡n-K-X-amb Al-¥sb \n¿Ωm¿÷
\w sNøm-\p-≈ {iaw \mw \S-tØ-≠-Xp≠v. {]k-hn-°p-∂-
Xn-s\-bmWv kh\w F∂v ]dbp-∂-Xv. Cu {]I-cW - Ø - n¬
Bflm-hn-emWv {]k-hß - ƒ \S-°p-∂X - .v {]k-hn-°pI am{X-a√ - ,
{]Xn-{]-kh - n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠.v GsXmcp K¿`-Øn¬\n∂pw
H∂v PmX-amtbm B K¿`m-ib - Ø
- n-te-°p-Xs∂ AXns\ Xncn-
s®-Sp-°p-∂X - n-s\-bmWv {]Xn-{]-khw F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - .v {]k-
hhpw {]Xn-{]-kh - hpw Fs∂∂pw Bflm-hn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-t≠-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\v Hcp apSn-hp-an-√.
]n.Un Hukvs]≥kvIn F∂ XØzNn¥-Is‚ {]kn-≤-
amb Hcp {KŸ-amWv Tertium Organum. At±lw djy-≥ anÃn-
°mb Kp¿Pn-^ns‚ injy\m-Wv. Hukvs]≥kvIn ]q¿Æ-tØ
bpw (whole) Awi-tØbpw (part) kw_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp XØz-hn-
Nmcw \S-Øp-∂p-≠.v ]q¿ÆØn¬ At\Iw Awi-ßƒ D≠m-
Imw. F∂m¬ F√m Awi-ßƒ tN¿∂mepw ]q¿Æ-am-IW - s
- a-
∂n-√. Hcp cq] \qdp ss]k-bm-W.v \qdp ss]k tN¿∂m¬
Hcp cq]bmIpw. CXv \ΩpsS km[m-cW KW-\b - m-W.v
F∂m¬ Bflm-hns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu KW\
hne-t∏m-Ip-∂n-√. FÆ-a‰ \ma-cq-]-ß-fmWv {]]©w. AXv
At\-I-am-Wv. GI-amb Bflm-hmWv Cu \ma-cq-]-ßƒ°v
A[n-jvTm-\w. F∂m¬ F√m \ma-cq-]-ß-tfbpw Iqń-h-®mepw
Bflm-hns‚ ]q¿ÆX In´p-I-bn-√. \ma-cq-]-ßsf \ncm-I-
cn®v ]q¿Æ-amb Bflm-hns\ H∂mbn Adn-b-Ww. AXmWv
A¥¿⁄m\w. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahn-c-
f-am-Ip∂ Cu kh-\-{]-{In-b-Isf BIth Adn-bWw F∂p
]d-bp-∂X- v. At∏mƒ Ah≥ ]c-am-\µ- Ø
- ns‚ koa-b‰ thyma-
Øn¬ aXn-a-d∂m\µn-°p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 161
72
{Inb-sbmcp Iqdn-X-hnZy; tIhew Nn˛
∑bn adp-Iq-dnXp hnZy; amb-bmte
\nb-X-an-Xn-ßs\ \nev°n-epw ]ncn-™˛
±zb-]-c-`m-h\ Xpcy-ta-In-Sp∂p.
{Inb Hcp Iqdv ˛ Hcp hi-Øp-\n∂pw t\m°p-tºmƒ

{Inb-Iƒ \S-°p-∂p.
CXv AhnZy ˛ CXv Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv.
adp Iqdv ˛ CXns‚ FXn¿h-i-Øp-\n∂pw
t\m°n-bm¬
tIhew Nn∑bn ˛ GI-amb Adn-hns‚ \ndhp am{Xw.
CXv hnZy ˛ CXv hnZy-bm-Wv.
amb-bmte ˛ amb ImcWw
CXv Cßs\ ˛ hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw Cßs\
\nbXw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
]ncn-™p-\n-ev°nepw ˛ thdn´p \n¬°p-sa-¶nepw
AZzb-]-c-`m-h\ ˛ AZz-bhpw ]c-hp-am-b-Xns\-
[ym\n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
Xpcy-ta-In-Sp∂p ˛ Xpco-bm-\p-`qXn D≠m-Ip∂p.
a \p-jy≥ Fs¥√mw sshhn-[y-ap≈ I¿Ω-ß-fmWv Znh-

khpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp arK-Øn\v a\p-jy-
t\mfw k¶o¿Æ-XI - ƒ ImWp-∂n√. a\p-jy≥ {Inb-Iƒ sNøp-
∂Xv ^tem-t±-iy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ipd®p kpJ-Øn¬\n∂v
IqSp-X¬ kpJ-amWv F√m I¿Ω-ß-fp-tSbpw e£yw. Akw-
kvIr-X-h-kvXp-°sf kwkvI-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ AXn¬ a\p-
jy≥ Ahs‚ A≤zm-\sØ sNep-tØ-≠-Xp≠v. Aß-s\-
bmWv imkv{Xw Hmtcmtcm I≠p-]n-SnØ-ßƒ \S-Øp ∂Xv.
Imep-sIm≠p \S-°m-hp∂ a\p-jy≥ Imdpw hnam-\hpw I≠p-
]n-Sn-®Xpw \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-ØXpw {Inb-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. imco-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 162
cn-I-am-\-knIkpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n {Inb-Iƒ sNøp∂Xv Ahn-
Zy- ImcW-am-Wv. kpJw {Inb-IfpsS kz`m-h-a-√. Bflm-hns‚
kz`m-h-am-Wv. Bflm-hns‚ kz`m-h-am-b kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n
IW-°n-√msX {Inb-Iƒ sNbvXpIqń-bXp-sIm≠v F¥p
{]tbm-P\w?
AXp-sIm≠v bmK-ßfpw b⁄-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\ß - fpw
Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-cØ - n\v t{]m’m-l\ - o-bß
- f
- √
- . I¿Ω-ßƒ
NnØ-ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v klm-b-I-am-Wv. ]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ
]m]-k¶ - p-ea - mb a\ ns\ hna-eo-Ic - n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]pWy
I¿Ωw tam£-Zm-b-I-a-√. i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ ⁄m\-sØ-bmWv
I¿Ω-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv tam£-tl-Xp-I-ambn IcpXp-∂Xv.
⁄m\-e-_v[n-°p-th≠n I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS ⁄m\-
I¿Ω-k-ap-®-b-tZmjw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂v i¶m-cm-Nm-cy¿ ]d-bp-
∂p. I¿Ω-ßsf s]mXpth sshZn-I-I¿Ω-ß-sf∂pw euIn-
I-I¿Ω-ß-sf∂pw c≠mbn XcwXncn-°mw. euIn-I-I¿Ωw
Cl- t em- I - t `m- K - ß ƒ°pw bmKm- Z n- I ¿Ω- ß ƒ kz¿§- { ]m-
]vXnbv°pw th≠n-bm-Wv. c≠nepw Imaw Ie¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠v Ahn-ip-≤a - m-W.v \njvIm-aI- ¿Ω-amWv NnØ-ip-≤n°v
Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. AXns\ I¿Ω-tbm-K-sa∂v ]d-bpw.
I¿Ω-ßf - psS adp-]p-dw hnZybm-Wv. Nn∑-bnbmb Bflm-
hns\ `mh-\s - N-øp-∂XmWv hnZy. Ahn-Zysb \ncm-Ic - n-°m≥
hnZy-bpsS klmbw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. Hcp ap≈p Xd-®m¬ th
sdmcp ap≈p-sIm≠v AXns\ FSpØp If-bp-∂X - p-t]mse Ahn-
Zysb hnZy-sIm≠v \n¿ho-cy-am-°mw. hnZy B¥-cn-Ia - mbn {]Im-
in-t°≠Xm-Wv. AXn\p I¿Ω-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. hnZybpw
Ahn-Zybpw c≠mbn ]ncn-™p-Xs∂ Ft∏mgpw \n¬°p-∂p.
Ch c≠pw amb-bpsS A[o-\X - b
- n¬ hcp-∂X - m-Wv. Pohs‚
kwXp-e\ - m-hÿ°v hnZybpw Ahn-Zybpw ]c-kv]cw klm-b-
I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-sa-¶nepw Bflm-\p-`h - Ø
- n\v Cu Zzµz-tØbpw
D√w-Ln-°Ww. Aßs\ AZz-bhpw ]-chpamb Bflm-hns\
[ym\n-°p-tºmƒ Xpco-bm-\p-`q-Xn- ssIh-cpw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 163
73
Hcp s]mcp-fn-¶-e-t\-I-ap-≠-t\Iw
s]mcp-fn-sem-c¿∞-hp-sa∂ _p≤n-bmte
Adn-hn-e-S-ßp-a-t`-Z-am-bn-sX-√m˛
hcp-a-dn-ho-e-Xn-tKm-]-\o-b-am-Ipw.
Hcp s]mcp-fn-¶¬ ˛ Hcp kØ-bn¬

At\-I-ap≠v ˛ At\Iw cq]-t`-Zß- fp≠v.
At\Iw s]mcp-fn¬ ˛ At\Iw cq]-t`-Z-ß-fn¬
Hcp A¿∞-hpw ˛ GI-amb A¿∞hpap-≠v.
F∂ _p≤n-bmte ˛ Cu ⁄m\-ap-≠m-bm¬
At`-Z-ambn ˛ cq]-t`-Z-ß-sf√mw t]mbn
Adn-hn-e-Sßpw ˛ Adn-hns‚ GIm-fl-I-X-bn¬
- F√mw D≈-S-ßn-\n-ev°pw.
CXv ˛ Cu Z¿i\w
F√m-hcpw Adn-hoe ˛ F√m-h¿°pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
AXn-tKm-]\
- o-ba- mIpw ˛ CXp Xo¿Øpw cl-ky-amb
⁄m\-am-Wv.
ù Xn-I-imkv{Xw {]]-©-Øns‚ BZnakØsb At\z-

jn®p sN∂-t∏mƒ AXp ]Zm¿∞w (matter) BsW∂p
Is≠-Øn. Htc-sbmcp ]Zm¿∞w {]]-©Ø - nse sshhn-≤y-
ßsf ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bmWv P-\n-∏n-®Xv? _lp-hn-[a - mb ssPh-
ssh-hn-≤y-ßf
- nse√mw A¥-cÿ - a
- m-bXv Htc-sbmcp ]Zm¿∞-
am-sW∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ \mw X¿°w ]d-bm-dn-√. F∂m¬ temI-
Ønse aX-ßƒ {]]-©Ø - ns‚ {kjvSm-hmbn AZr-iy-amb
Htc-sbmcp Cuiz-cs\ {]Io¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ Nne¿ AXns\
Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw thsd Nne¿ Aan-Xa- mbn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jØv XpS-ßp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ PK-Øn-
se√mw Cui≥ Bh-kn-°p-∂p-s≠∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 164
Cui-\mWv At\Iw s]mcp-fnse Hc¿∞w. ]©-`q-Xm-fl-I-
amb {]]-©hpw B {]]-©-Ønse FÆ-a‰ \ma-cq-]-ßfpw
At\Iw s]mcp-fp-I-fmbn FÆm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cuiz-cs\ aX-
ß-fpsS krjvSn-bmbn sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v. Ahsc kw_-
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu Zm¿i-\n-I-{]-tl-fn-Isb Xo¿°m≥ Ign-
bp-∂Xv, ]c-aamb Imc-W-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Cu temIw PmX-
am-bsX∂pw FÆ-a‰ krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-fn-¬ B ]c-a-Im-cWw
A¿∞-ambn Ccn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Adn-bp-∂-Xn-eqsSbmWv.
CXn-eqsS Ah¿°v Hcp ka-\z-b-_p≤n ssIh-cn-°m\m-Ipw.
{]]-©-Ønse \m\m-Xz-ßƒ°v ]c-am¿∞-k-Øsb B{i-
bn-°msX \ne-\n-ev°m-\m-hp-Ib
- n-√. ]c-am¿∞-kØ
- bv°v {]]-
©-cq]w ssIh-cn-°msX ÿnXn-sN-øm-\p-am-hp-I-bn-√. GIw
At\-Iw F∂p≈ Nn¥-t]mepw Ah-km\w Adn-hn¬ AS-
ßpw. t`Z-ß-fn-√msX H∂m-Ipw.
Adnhp am{Xta F√m AkvXn-X-Iƒ°pw Dd-hn-S-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂p-≈q. F√m-h¿°pw Cu XØzw Adn-bm≥ Ign-bm-ØXv
F¥psIm-≠mWv? Kpcp ]d-bp∂p, CXv tKm]y-am-sW-∂v. Cu
Ah-t_m-[-Øn-semcp cl-ky-kz-`m-h-ap-≠v. hnjbhmk-\-
IfpsS i‡n-bmb X≈n-®-aqew Bfl-_p≤n sXfn-™p-In-
´m≥ hfsc {]bm-kambXp-sIm-≠mWv Kpcp CXv tKm]-\o-
bsa∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ømepw _p≤n-sIm≠v a\-
n-em-°m-sa-∂-√msX A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS Xe-Øn¬ hc-W-sa-
¶n¬ hmk-\m-£bw D≠mbn Bfl-tN-X\ - b
- n¬ a\ v \njv]-
µ-am-I-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 165
74
s]mSn-sbm-cp-`q-hn-e-kw-Jy-a-s∏m-Sn-°pƒ˛
s∏Sp-samcp `qhn-Xn-\n√ `n∂-`mhw;
PU-a-a-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse NnØnepw Nn˛
ØpS-en-ep-an-ßn-Xn-\m-en-tXm¿°n-teIw.
s]mSn ˛ s]mSn
Hcp `qhn¬ ˛ Cu `qan-bn¬
AkwJyw ˛ FÆ-a‰- X- mWv.
B s]mSn°v Dƒs∏Spw ˛ B s]mSn-bpsSsb√mw
D≈m-bn-cn-°p∂Xv
Hcp `qhv ˛ Htc-sbmcp `qanbmWv.
CXn-\n√ `n∂-`mhw ˛ `qan-bn¬\n∂pthdn´v s]mSnt°m -
s]mSnbn¬\n∂p thdn´v `qant°m
\ne-bn-√.
AXp-t]mse ˛ AXp-t]mse
PUw NnØnepw ˛ PU{]IrXn Adn-hnepw
NnØv DS-enepw ˛ Adnhv PUhkvXp-°fnepw
Aa-cp∂p ˛ D≈-en-bp∂p.
Cßv CXn-\m¬ ˛ CXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ChnsS
Hm¿°n¬ ˛ a\\w sNbvXp t\m°n-bm¬
CXv ˛ NnØpw PUhpw
GIw ˛ H∂mWv.
Cu `qan apgp-h\pw s]mSn-sIm≠v Xnßn-\n-d-™ncn-°p-Ib

Wv. s]mSn F∂m¬ kq£vaa - mb Xcn-If
- m-
- m-W.v Fs¥√mw
Xc-Øn-ep≈ s]mSn-Iƒ? B[p-\n-Ii -- mkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂Xv ]c-
a-tc-Wp-°ƒ- sIm≠mWv {]]-©w- \n¿Ωn-Xa - m-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂m-
Wv. Ce-Ivt{SmWpw t{]mt´mWpw \yqt{SmWpamWv Hcp B-‰-
Øns‚ DƒL-S-I-ßƒ. Cß-s\-bp≈ FÆ-a‰ ]c-am-Wp°ƒ
{]]-©-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bn¬ ]¶p-tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Kpcp ChnsS
Btflm]tZiiXIw 166
`qan-bnse s]mSnsbbmWv DZm-lc - W-Øn-s\-Sp-°p-∂X
- v. Kpcp-
hns‚ Cu Zm¿i-\n-I-hn-Nmcw hni-Z-amb A¿∞-Øn-emWv
\mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. Ipih≥ Hcp IpSw D≠m-°n-bm¬
AXn-\p-]t- bm-Kn® Ifn-aÆv s]mSn-bm-Wv. B IpSw apgp-h≥
s]mSn-bmWv. B s]mSn-Ifnse√mw IpSancn-°p-∂ps≠∂p ]d-
bp-∂Xv AXn-it- bm-‡n-b√- . IpS-Øn\v BIm-cw \¬Ip-∂Xv
s]mSn-Ifm-Wv. s]mSnIsf hn´v IpS-Ønt\m IpS-sØ-hn´v
s]mSnt°m ÿnXn-sN-øm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. Atßm´pw Ctßm
´pw Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Cu Ahÿ Xs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS
AkvXn-Xbnepw D≈-Xv.
\mw a\- n-t\bpw ico-ct- Øbpw Nne-t∏m-sgms° c≠mbn
]Ip-Øp-h®v a\- n-em-°n-t∏m-cm-dp-≠v. sds\ sU°m¿´v F∂
]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥-I-\mWv a\- n-t\bpw ico-c-tØbpw ]ncn-®p-
h®v Nn¥-bvs°mcp cq]-`-{ZX sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ {ian-®-Xv.
F∂m¬ sU°m¿ńs‚ Nn¥ tcmKm-Xp-ca - mb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-
Øn-te-°mWv a\p-jys\ \bn-®X - v. a\ pw ico-chpw cs≠∂p
[cn-°p-∂X- n-eqsS Pohn-XØ - ns‚ Akw-Xp-en-Xm-hÿ XpS-ßp-
I-bm-bn. Kpcp a\- n-t\bpw ico-ct- Øbpw PU-am-bmWv I≠-
Xv. NnØv Adn-hm-Wv. NnØmWv a\- n-t\bpw ico-ct- Øbpw
{]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂X - v. a\ pw ico-chpw NnØn\v hnt[-ba - m-Wv.
Xky `mkm k¿h-anZw hn`mXn˛AXns‚ {]ImiwsIm≠mWv
ChnsS k¿hhpw {]Im-in-°p-∂Xv F∂ D]-\n-jZ- vhm-IysØ
Kpcp Cu t«mI-Øn¬ kzmwio-Ic - n-°p-∂p. ]m›m-Xy-XØzNn-
¥bv°pt]mepw `{ZX \evIp∂ Xc-Øn-emWv Kpcp ka-\z-
bsØ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-∂X- .v NnØpw PUhpw F∂p≈ hn`P\w
Hcn-°epw kw`-hn-®n-ń-√- F∂pw PU-Øn¬ NnØv A-a¿∂n-cn-
°p-Ibpw NnØn¬ PUw A - a- ¿∂n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-s≠∂v
Kpcp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Imev]-\n-I-ambn a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-®
t`Z_p-≤n-Is - f Kpcp ka-{K-ambn ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-Ib - mWv sNøp-
∂-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 167
75
{]IrXn Pew X\p t^\-am-gn-bm-flm˛
hl-a-l-sa-∂-e-bp-∂-Xq¿Ωn-Pmew
AI-ae- c- m¿∂-dn-shms° apØp-Xm≥ Xm≥
\pI-cp-h-Xm-a-ar-Xm-b-Xnßp \q\w.
{]IrXn Pew ˛ {]IrXn Pe--kam\amWv.

X\p t^\w ˛ ico-c-ßƒ sh≈-°p-an-f-Iƒ
t]mse-bm-Wv.
Bgn Bflm ˛ Bflm-hn\p kmK-c-Øns‚
kz`m-h-am-Wv.
Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ Rm≥ F∂v
Ae-bp-∂Xv ˛ e£y-an-√msX Ae-bp-∂Xv
Du¿Ωn-Pmew ˛ Xcw-K\- n-cI
- f
- mWv.
AI-a-e-cm¿∂ ˛ Bfl-kq-\-ambn hncnbp∂
Adn-shms° ˛ Adn-hp-I-sf√mw
apØp-Xm≥ ˛ ]c-am-\µ-am-Ip∂ apØp-IfmWv.
Xm≥ Aar-Xm-b-Xnßv ˛ Hcp-h≥ Ahsb Aar-X_nµp-°
fmbn ChnsS
\pI-cp-hXmw \q\w ˛ Xo¿®-bmbpw \pIcp∂p.
D ]-a-I-fn-eq-tSbpw _nw_-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eq-

tSbpw kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv temIØv Fhn-sS-bp-ap≈ ]ucm-
Wn-I-amb B≤ym-fln-Ikmln-XnI-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.
B ]ucm-Wn-I-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS IÆn apdn-bmØ irwJ-
esb {]Xn-\n-[m\wsNøp∂ {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cphpw D]-a-I-
fn- e q- s SX- s ∂- b mWv Bflm- t \z- j - I - \ n¬ Aar- X - h ¿jw
sNmcn-bp-∂-Xv. Bflmhv Bgn-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Bgn Htc-k-
abw Bg-ap-≈Xpw A\-¥-hp-am-Wv. Cu Ah-\n-bn¬ Bgn-
tb-°mƒ t{ijvT-amb Hcp D]-asb Bflm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-
bm≥ thsd Hcp hkvXp-hnepw Z¿in-°m-\m-hp-Ibn-√. B
Btflm]tZiiXIw 168
Bgn-bnse Pew-t]m-se-bmWv {]Ir-Xn. Pe-amWv Bgn°v
kØ-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bgn-bpsS D≈-S°w Pe-am-Wv. Bgn
kp£vam¿Ø-Øn¬ AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. Bflmhv AtKm-N-c-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se. F∂m¬ Pew tKmN-c-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-
t]m-se. B Pew Ipan-f-Iƒ°v cq]w sImSp-°p-tºmƒ
AXns\ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWp∂ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ico-cß - -
fmbn ImW-Ww. Pe-Øns‚ hSn-hp-I-fmWv t^\-ßƒ. {]Ir-
Xn-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a-ß-fmWv AWp apX¬ B\-h-sc-bp≈
F√m Poh-i-co-c-ß-fpw.
\nc-\n-c-bmbn Ae-™psIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Xcw-K-Pm-e-ßƒ
Al-¥-bm-Wv. Xcw-K-\n-c-Iƒ F¥mWv At\z-jn-°p-∂Xv?
Ah Ic-bn-te°v HmSn-b-W™v kzbw X√n-Ø-I¿∂v IS-
en¬Xs∂ Xncn®pe-bn-°p-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv ‘Alw’
hnj-bß - ƒ°p ]n∂mse Ae-™p-Xn-cn™v kzbw `·m-i-
\mbn Bflm-hn¬Xs∂ h∂phne-bn-°p-∂X - v. Kpcp-hns‚ IrXn-
I-fn¬ apgp-h≥ IS-en-s‚ Nn{Xw ho≠pwho≠pw {]Xy-£s - ∏´p
ImWm-dp-≠v. Kpcp A{X-am-{Xw IS-ens\ ASp-Ød - n-™n-cn-°-
Ww. B IS-en-\S- n-bn¬ apØp-Iƒ Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv D]-cn-X-
e-Øn¬\n∂pw t\m°n-bm¬ ImWn-√. BgØn-te°p t]mI-
Ww. Bg-Øn-emWv B\-µ-w. Bflm\-µhpw apØpw H∂p-X-
s∂. Bg-Øn¬ apßm-¶p-gn-bn-´m¬ apØp-I-fpsS IÆ-©n-
°p∂ Ie-hd - b- n¬ \mw FØn-t®cpw. AXp-t]mse Bflm-
hns‚ Bg-ßf - nte°v [ym\m-flI - a- mbn B≠p-t]m-bm¬ B\-
µm-fl-I-amb Adnhv DW¿∂p-hc - pw. B Adn-hp-Iƒ apØn-t\-
°mƒ aqey-ap≈ Bfl-kq-\ß - f - m-bn-cn°pw. Aar-X\ - n-jy-µn-
bmb Cu Adn-hp-Iƒ Hcp ⁄m\n-bpsS sFln-I-Po-hn-X-
Øns‚ ku-µ-cym-fl-I-Xsb hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 169
76
aW-e-f-h‰p sNmcn™ hm]n-bn-t∑˛
eWn-b-Wn-bm-be hoin-Sp-∂-hÆw
A\r-X-]-c-ºc hoin-b-¥-cm-flm˛
hns\-b-Ita _lp-cq-]-am-°n-Sp-∂p.
aW¬ Af-h‰v ˛ Aan-X-ambn aW¬

sNmcn™ ˛ hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
hm]n-bn-t∑¬ ˛ Ipf-Øn¬
AWn AWn-bmbv ˛ H∂n\p ]ndsI H∂mbn
Ae hoin-Sp∂ hÆw ˛ Ae-am-e-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xpt]mse
A\r-X-]-c-ºc hoin ˛ Hs∂m-∂mbn hcp∂
Ak-Xym\p-`-h-ß-fpsS Im‰p hoin
A¥-cm-flm-hns\ ˛ im¥-amb B¥-cn-I-t_m-[sØ
AIta ˛ D≈n-¬h-®p-Xs∂
_lp-cq-]a- m-°n-Sp∂p ˛ ]
- e
- c- q-]ß
- f
- m°n tXm∂n-∏n°p∂p.
B flmhv kz—hpw \n›ehp-amb Hcp Pe-cm-in-t]m-se-bm-

Wv. Hcp Ipf-Ønse Pe-Øn-t\m-SmWv Bflm-hns\ Kpcp
D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B Ipf-Øn-te°v \nc-¥-c-ambn aW¬
hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. A‰ th\-en¬ Im‰-Sn-°p-tºmƒ
Ipf-ß-fn¬ aW¬h-∂p sNmcn-bp∂ Zriyw {Kmao-W-Po-hn-X-
Øns‚ ca-Wo-b-amb apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv. aW-ens‚ ]X-\m-Lm-X-
Øm¬ Pecmin-bpsS im¥n `RvPn-°s - ∏-Sp∂p. Ipfw apgp-
h≥ Ae-am-eI - f- m¬ N©e-am-Ip-∂p. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv A¥-
cm-flm-hns‚bpw kz`m-hw. s]mXpth kz—-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bflm-
hn¬ hmk-\I - f- psS Im‰p aqew _mly-hn-jb- ß
- ƒ h∂phoWv
A¥cwKw Imdpw tImfpwsIm≠ IS¬t]m-se-bm-Ip-∂p. kuay-
amb Bfl-im¥nbpw sFIy-t_m-[hpw hmk-\bpsS aW¬
°m‰Sn-°p-tºmƒ s]mbvt∏mIp-∂p. NnØ-hr-Øn-Iƒ \m\m-
Xz-{àw Df-hm-°p∂p. {]]-©Øn¬ shdp∏pw Bk-‡nbpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 170
amdnamdn P\n-°p-∂p. Pohn-XØ - nse F√mhn[ sshIm-cn-I-
{]-£p-_v[X- I
- fpw kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv CØ-cØ - n-em-Wv. hmk-\-
Isf hna-eo-I-cn-°p-IbmWv hmk-\-bpsS aW¬°m-‰Sn Ipd-
bv°p-hm≥ Htc-sbmcp t]mwh-gn. a\ v kmXzn-I-amIp-tºmƒ
hnj-b-hr-Øn-Iƒ krjvSn-°p∂ BLmXw Ipd-bp-∂p. ]X-
RvPen al¿jn-bpsS tbmK-kq-{X-Øn¬ Ahn-Zy, Akvan-X,
cmKw, tZzjw, A`n-\n-thiw F∂n-h-bmWv t¢i-ß-fmbn ]d-
™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A\r-X]-c-º-cbv°v aqe-Im-cWw Ahn-Zy-bm-
Wv. Ahn-Zy-bn¬\n-∂mWv a‰p \mep t¢i-ßfpw P\n-°p-∂-
Xv. AkvanX Alw-`m-h-am-Wv. Alw-`mhw cmK-tZz-j-tØmsS
am{Xta s]cp-am-dp-I-bp-≈q. cmK-tZz-j-ßƒ aqe-amWv Pohn-
Xm-k-‡nbpw ac-W-`-bhpw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xv. AXmWv _‘-
\w. NnØ-hr-Øn-Isf \ntcm-[n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ t¢i-ßsf X\q-
I-cn-°-Ww. NnØ-Øn\v GIm-{KX e`n-°p-tºmƒ kam[n
A\p-`-h-s∏´p XpS-ßpw.
tSmƒtÃm-bn-bpsS A∂m-Ic - n-\o\ F∂ hntizm-Øc - I
- r-
Xn-bn¬ A∂-bp-tSbpw Ico-\n-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-]q¿Æ-amb
Pohn-XØ
- n-te°v XSmI-Øns‚ \n›-eX - sb `RvPn-®p-sIm≠v
aW¬ hogp-∂X - p-t]m-se-bmWv t{hm¨kvIn F∂ A∂-bpsS
Imap-I≥ IS-∂p-h∂ - X- v. t{hm¨kvIn-bpsS cwK-{]-thiw AXp-
hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Ah-cpsS im¥-kp-µc - a
- mb Pohn-XsØ
Cf-°n-ad- n-®p. IpSpw-__ - ‘ - ß- ƒ BSn-bp-e™ - p. kvt\l-Øn\p
th≠n-bp≈ anYy-bmb ]c-°w-]m-®n-en¬ Imen-∂-Sn-bnse
Dd® \new \jvSs - ∏´v ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-\m-hmsX A∂ sdbn¬
∏m-f-Øn¬ NmSn Bfl-lXy sNbvXp. tSmƒkvt‰mbn-bpsS
Cu t\mh¬{]ta-bØ - ns‚ X\n-bm-h¿Ø-\ß - ƒXs∂-bmWv
\Ω-psS Pohn-XØ - nse ]e kw`-hß - f - pw. hnj-bß - sf Bflm-
hns‚ kz—-am¿∂ Pe-cm-inbnte°v IS-Øn-hn-SmsX t\m°-
Ww. Bflm-hns\ AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-IX - b- n¬ im¥-am-bn-cn-
°m≥ am{Xw A\p-hZ- n-°pI.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 171
77
]c-samcp hnÆp, ]c∂ i‡n Im‰m˛
adn-h-\-e≥, Pe-a-£, -an-{µn-bm¿∞w
[c-Wnbn-Xn-ßs\b©pXØz-ambv \n˛
s∂cn-bp-an-Xns‚ cl-ky-taI-am-Ipw.
]c-samcp hnÆv ˛ ]c-a-amb Bflm-hmWv BImiw.

]c∂ i‡n Im‰mw ˛ k¿hhym-]n-bmb ambm-i-‡n-
bmWv Im‰m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- v.
Adnhv A\-e≥ ˛ A¥°-cWw A·n-bmWv.
Pew A£w ˛ C{µn-b-ßƒ Pe-amWv.
C{µn-bm¿∞w [cWn ˛ C{µn-b-hn-j-b-ß-fmWv `qan.
CXn-ßs\ ˛ GI-amb kXyw Nn÷-U-ß-fmbn
Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬
A©p XØz-ambv ˛ A©p XØz-ambn
\ns∂-cnbpw ˛ \nebv°mX Pzen-°p∂p.
CXns‚ clkyw ˛ A©p `qX-ßfpw Adn-
hns‚ A©p `mh-ßfpw
tN¿s∂cn-bp∂ XØz-c-lkyw
GI-amIpw ˛ GI-amWv.
{]
°p-∂X
]©w Hcp hyh-ÿbmWv (system). B hyhÿ \nbX-
amb Nne \nb-aß - f - n-eq-sS-bmWv \S-∏n-em-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-
- v. _mly-tem-IØv {]]-©Ø - n-s\mcp hyh-ÿb - p-≈-
Xp-t]m-eX- s∂ B¥-cI - t- em-IØpw Hcp hyh-ÿb - p-≠v. Cu
c≠p hyh-ÿI - fpw H∂n-°p∂XmWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ tbmKm-
fl-I-X. hyjvSnbpw ka-jvSnbpw Pohn-X-Øn-emWv ka-\z-b-
Øns‚ kwKoXw Is≠-tØ-≠-Xv. ka-kvXXtbbpw sshcp-
≤y-ß-fn-√msX Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp Nn¥m-kw-hn-[m-\sØ∏‰n
{^ntPm^v Im{] ‘Pohs‚ amdme’ (Web of Life) F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ khn-kvXcw N¿®sNøp-∂p-≠v. AIw ]pdw F∂ t`Z-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 172
an-√msX ka-{K-ambn Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcp LS-\-sb (structure)
At±lw aptºm-´p-hb - v°p-∂p. systems thinking, network think-
ing, holistic thinking, organismic thinking F-s∂m-s°bmWv
At±lw B Nn¥m-co-Xn°p t]cp-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂X - v.
{io\mcm-bW - K- p-cp-hm-Is´ {]]-©-˛-C-{µn-b-˛-A-¥-°-c-W-
ßsf aptºXs∂ hfsc ASp°pw apd-tbm-Spw-IqSn Adn-bp∂
hn[w ]d-™p-X∂ - n-cn-°p-Ib - m-W.v Hcp hiØv BIm-iw,- hm-bp,
A·n, Pew, ]rYn-hn- Chsbms°-t®¿∂ _mly-{]-]© - w. C\n
B¥-c{- ]-]© - Ø - n-¬ XØp-ey-ambn ]c-aa - mb t_m[w, ]c-∂S- n-
°p∂ ambm-i‡n, A¥-°-c-W-Øn¬ {]kv^p-cn-°p∂ Adn-
hp-Iƒ, C{µn-bß - ƒ, C{µn-bm¿∞-ßƒ Ch A©n-t\bpw ]©-
`q-Xß
- f- p-ambn Xń-®d - n-bW
- w. BImiw \ap°v ]cn-Nn-Xa - m-W.v
F∂m¬ ]c-aa - mb Bflm-Imiw \ap°v ]cn-Nn-Xa - √
- . AXp-sIm-
≠mWv BIm-iØ - ns‚ A\-¥X - bpw Hu∂-Xyhpw kq£vaX - bpw
k¿hhym-]I - X
- bpw F√mw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v ]c-aa - mb
t_m[sØ BIm-i-hp-ambn tN¿Øp-a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv.
hmbp-hns‚ i‡n A{]-Xn-lX - a- m-Wv. F√m-bn-SØpw ]c-
∂-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Im‰n-t\m-SmWv ambm-i‡ - nsb _‘-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. sNdnb AWp apX¬ BImiwhsc- k¿h-
Ønepw ambm-i‡n Hfn™pw sXfn™pw hoip-∂p-≠v. A¥-
°-c-W-Øn¬ A¶p-cn-°p∂ F√m Adn-hp-Ifpw A·n-XØ - z-
am-Wv. C{µn-b-ß-fm-Is´ Pe-X-Øz-sØ-bmWv {]Xn\n[m\w
sNøp-∂X - v. [c-Wnsb C{µn-bh - n-jb - ß- f- p-ambn tbmPn-∏n-®d
- n-
b-Ww. At∏mƒ \mw Nn¥n®v Hcn-°epw ImSp-Ib - dn t]mhp-I-
bn-√. tIh-et- _m-[Ø - n¬ Ch-sb√mw Hcp hyh-ÿt- bm-Sp-IqSn
s]cp-amdp-∂Xv km£n-sb-t∏mse t\m°n-°m-Wm≥ Ign-hp-≠m-
Ipw. Cu cl-ky-⁄m\w kn≤n® tbmKn-Iƒ A]q¿hPohnX-
Øn-s‚ Ah-Im-in-If - m-Wv. hnj-bß - sf Adn-bp-∂Xv At\Iw
apJ-ßt- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-W.v Bfl-⁄m\w GI-am-W.v AXdn™m¬
]ns∂ H∂pw Adn-tb-≠-Xm-bn-ń-√.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 173
78
ac-W-hp-an√ ]pd-∏p-an√ hmgvhpw
\c-kp-c-cm-Zn-bp-an√ \ma-cq]w
acp-hn-e-a¿∂ acoNn \ocp-t]m¬ \n˛
evs]mcps]mcpfmw s]mcp-f√ - n-tXm¿Øn-tSWw.
ac-Whpw C√ ˛ ac-Whpw C√.

]pd∏pw C√ ˛ P\-\hpw C√.
hmgvhpw ˛ AXn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ Pohn-Xhpw C√.
\c-k-p-c-cm-Znbpw C√ ˛ a\p-jy≥, tZh-∑m¿ XpS-ßn-bh
- cpan√.
\ma-cq]w ˛ Ch-sb√mw {]Xo-Xn-am-{X-ß-fmb
\ma-ßfpw cq]-ßfpw am{XamWv.
acp-hn¬ Aa¿∂ ˛ acp-`q-an-bn¬ ImWm-dp-≈
acoNn \ocp-t]m¬ ˛ Pe-{]-Xo-Xn-t]mse
\nevs]mcp s]mcpfmw ˛ \ne-\n-¬°p∂ H∂m-WnXv.
CXv s]mcp-f√ ˛ \ma-cq-]-ß-ƒ ]c-a-amb kXy-a√.
Hm¿Øn-tSWw ˛ CXv Ft∏mgpw kvacn-°-Ww.
a c-Wa - mWv a\p-jys\ h√msX `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X

tºmƒ \ap°v ]eXpw \jvSa
Cu temI-Ønse kpJ-ßƒ ]ns∂ A\p-`h
- m-Ip-∂X
- v. acn-°p-
- p-t]mse tXm∂pw.
- n-°p-hm≥ Ign-
bp-Ib
- n-√. ac-Wa- p-≈X- p-sIm≠v am{X-amWv a\p-jy≥ kXysØ
At\z-jn-°p-∂X - p-t]m-epw. ItTm-]\ - njØn¬ A`n-i] - vX\
- mb
\Nn-tI-X v arXyp-h{‡-Øn-te°v [oc-Xt- bmsS \S-∂p-sN∂v
tNmZn-°p∂ tNmZyw, arXyp-hns\ Fßs\ AXn-ew-Ln-°m≥
Ignbpw F∂mWv. kn≤m¿∞-cm-PI - p-am-c≥ ac-WØ - ns‚ _o`-
’-apJw I≠v `b∂pw ZpxJn®pw BWv sIm´mcw hn´v Cd-ßn-
t∏m-bX- v, ac-WØ
- n-s\mcp ]cn-lm-ca - nt√ F∂-dn-bm≥ th≠n.
Kpcp ]d-bp∂p: ac-Whp-an√ ]pd-∏p-an√. Rm≥ acn-°p-∂n√.
ImcWw Rm≥ P\n-®n-ń√. Kpcp Bfl-kz-cq-]-\m-Wv. P\n-®n-ń-
√mØ Kpcp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv \mw X¿°n-°p-∂X- .v P\n-®n-ń-√mØ
Btflm]tZiiXIw 174
Hcp Kpcp-hns‚ t]cn-emWv \mw kwL-S\ - I- s
- fms° D≠m°n
AWn-\n-c° - p-∂X - v. Kpcp ho≠pw ]d-bp∂p: PohnXhpw C√.-
B-tflm-]t- Z-ii - X- I- Ø
- ns‚ clkyw t_m[y-s∏-SW-sa-¶n¬
euIn-I_ - p-≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Nn¥n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Bfl-_p≤n sXfn-
™ph-cW - w. Rm≥ Bflm-hm-sW-∂d - n-bp-tºmƒ imco-cn-Ia
- mb
AkvXn-Xb - n¬\n-s∂√mw hnap-‡\ - m-Ipw. Bflm-hm-Is´ P\-
\-ac
- W
- ß
- f - n-√msX F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂ D◊-bm-W.v
ico-c-amWv P\n-°p-∂Xpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw acn-°p-∂-
Xpw. Rm≥ ico-c-am-sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂-h¿ acn-°p-∂p. ico-c-
Øn-s\-s¥-¶nepw £Xw ]‰n-bm¬ ZpxJn-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn-
ep-S-\ofw Ch¿ ]cm-Xn-Ifpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-ambn Pohn-
®p-t]m-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Kpcp \Ωsf Bflm-hn-te°v £Wn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. Bflm-hn¬ Rm≥ a\p-jy≥ t]mep-a-√. tIhew
{]Im-iw am{Xam-Ip-∂p. Bflm-hn¬ tZh-∑mtcm Akp-c-
∑mtcm C√. Bfl-t_m[w DW¿∂-h\v Chsb√mw \ma-
ßfpw cq]-ßfpw am{X-am-Wv. Np´p-s]m≈p∂ shbn-eØv acp-
`q-an-bn-eqsS Zml-P-e-Øn-\p-th≠n Ae-bp-tºmƒ A-Ise
Pem-ibw ImWp-∂p. sh≈w sIń-°n-S° - p-∂- {]XoXn. ]t£,
F{X \S-∂n´pw B Pem-i-b-Øn-te°v \ap-°v FØm≥ Ign-
bp-∂n-√. Pem-ibw AI-∂p-t]m-bvs°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXp
Im\¬ P-e-am-Wv. Im\¬ F∂m¬ tXm∂¬ F∂m-W¿∞w.
Im\¬P-ew-sIm≠v Zmlw Xocp-I-bn-√. Im\¬P-e-Øn\p
bmYm-X-Yy-amb \ne-\n¬∏n√.
AXp-t]mse P\-\hpw ac-Whpw \ne-\n¬∏pw F√mw
Bfl-ÿn-X-\mb Hcp-h-\n¬ acp-`q-an-bn¬ ImWp∂ Pe-{]-
XoXn t]msebmWv. shbn¬ Ipd-bptºmƒ {- ]-Xo-Xnbpw \jvS-
amIp∂p. CXp-t]m-se--bmWv Pohn-Xhpw. s\Snb In\m-hmWv
PohnXw F∂p ]d™ Kpcp-hn\v AtX kzc-Øn¬Øs∂
]dbmw, ac-W-hp-an√ ]pd-∏p-an√ F∂v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 175
79
P\n-k-abw ÿnXn-bn√ P∑n-b-\y˛
£W-a-Xn-en-√n-Xn-cn-∏-sX-{]-Imcw?
l\-\-hp-an-ß-s\-X-s∂-bm-I-bmte
P\-\-hp-an-√nXp NnZv{]-`m-h-sa-√mw.
P\n-k-abw ˛ P-\n-°p∂ thf-bn¬

ÿnXn-bn√ ˛ P∑nbv°v \n›-eX C√.
P∑n ˛ P-\n-°p-∂-h≥
A\y-£-W-a-Xn¬ ˛ P\n-®-Xn-\p-tijw
C√ ˛ \ne-\n-ev°p∂n-√.
CXv Ccn-∏Xv F{]-Im-cw ˛ Htc-k-abw P∑nbpw P\n-®-h\pw
H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?
l\-\hpw Cßs\ Xs∂ ˛ P\-\-sØ-t∏m-se-X-s∂ -a-c-Whpw
Cß-s\-Xs- ∂-bm-Wv.
BI-bmte ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
P\-\-hp-an√ ˛ P-\-\-hp-an-√ (ac-W-hp-an-√)
CXv F√mw ˛ ChnsS ImWp-∂-sX√mw
NnZv{]`mhw ˛ Adn-hns‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb
i‡n-{]-I-S\w am{Xw.
P \n-°pI F∂-sXmcp {Inb-bm-W.v {Inb F∂m¬ Ne-\a

Wv. Nen-°p∂ H∂n\p \n›-eX
- b
- n-√. P\n-bv°p-∂-h-\mtcm
Ah-\mWv P∑n. P\-\-Øns‚ DSa Ah-\m-Wv. \S-\-am-Sp-tºm-
- m-
gmWv Hcph≥ \¿Ø-I-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. \S\w Ign-™m¬ Ah≥

\¿Ø-I-\-√. ]mSp∂ thf-bn¬ Ah≥ \¿Ø-I-\-√, Kmb-I-
\m-Wv. {Inb-sN-øp∂ ka-b-ØmWv {Inbbv°v I¿Øm-hp-≈-
Xv. P∑nbv°v P\-\-th-f-bn¬ ÿnXn-bn-√. \n›-e-X-sb-bmWv
ÿnXn F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. {InbmIm-e-Øn¬ I¿Øm-hn\v
AXp-sIm≠v ÿnXn-bn-√. P\\w F∂ {Inb \S-°p∂ thf-
bn¬ P∑n°v AXn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. P\n-bv°pI
Btflm]tZiiXIw 176
F∂ {Inb-bn¬ P∑n F∂ \maw Htc-k-abw h¿Øn-bv°p-
∂Xv Hcp sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. P∑n ssÿXn-Ia - mb Hcp \ne-bm-
Wv. AsXmcp {]{In-bb - √
- . Cu {]tl-fn-Im-P\
- y-amb hmgvhns‚
cl-ky-Øn-te°v shfn®w hoip∂ Cu t«mIw [ym\m-flI - -
ambn Cg-]n-cn-s®-Sp-t°≠ H∂m-Wv. P\n-°p∂ ka-bØv P∑n
bv°v ÿnXn C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw P\\w Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂
P∑n F∂p hnfn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. P\\w
F∂ {]{In-bb - n¬\n∂pw thsdmcp {]{In-bb - n-te°p IS-°p-
tºmƒ Ahn-tSbpw P∑n°p ÿm\-an-√msX t]mIp-∂p. -
Cu temIw Nn÷Ukw-Lm-X-am-Wv. Ne-\hpw \n›-e-
Xbpw IqSn-°-e¿∂-Xm-Wv. t_m[w \n›-e-am-Wv. temIw Nen-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp DZm-l-cWw ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-
¶n¬ IS-ens‚ Bg-Øn¬ \n›-e-X-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°thXs∂
apIƒ∏-c∏v {]£p-_v[a - m-bn-cn-°pw. thsdmcp DZm-lc
- Ww FSp-
°p-Ib- m-sW-¶n¬ Npg-en-°m-‰n-s‚ \m`n- \n›-ea - mb Hcp tI{µ-
amWv. Cu t«mIw Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-∂Xv F√m {Inb-Ifpw
Adn-hn¬ \S-°p∂ A¤p-X-I-c-amb {]`m-h-ßƒ am{X-am-
sW∂p ]d-bm-\m-Wv. Adnhv ⁄mXmhv F∂ \e-bn¬ \n›-
ehpw {Inb F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ne-\m-fl-I-hp-am-Wv. {]]©w
D≠mbn \ne-\n\v ad-™p-t]m-Ip∂p F∂Xv Adn-hn¬ \S-
°p∂ Hcp {à-I-ev]-\-bmWv. Hcp bmYm¿∞y-a-√. P\-\hpw
ac-Whpsa√mw B alm-{]-`m-h-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂ tXm∂-
ep-I-fm-Wv. Bfl-t_m[w sXfn-bp-tºmƒ Cu {]`m-h-Øns‚
Im¥nI-X-bn¬\n∂pw \mw ap‡-cm-Ipw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 177
80
ÿnXn-KX- n-t]mse hntcm-[n-bmb krjvSn˛
ÿnXn-eb - s- a-sßmcp Zn°n-semØp hmgpw?
KXn-bnh aq∂n-\p-sa-ßp-an-√n-tXm¿Øm¬
£nXn apX-em-bh Kocp am{X-amIpw.
ÿnXn-K-Xn-t]mse ˛ Hcp hkvXp ÿnXn sNøp-tºmƒ

Nen-°p-∂n-√. Nen-°p-tºmƒ B
hkvXp ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-an-√.
hntcm-[n-bmb ˛- Cßs\ ÿnXnbpw KXnbpw Htc-
k-abw tNcm-Ø-Xp-t]mse
krjvSn-ÿnXn ebw ˛ krjvSn, ÿnXn, ebw F∂o
{]{In-b-Iƒ
Fsßmcp Zn°n¬ ˛ Fß-s\-bmWv Htc-bn-SØv
HØp hmgpw ˛ H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
Ch aq∂n\pw ˛ krjvSn, ÿnXn, ebw
Ch aq∂n\pw
KXn Fßpw C√ ˛ kzX-{¥-amb Hcp AkvXn-X-bn-√.
CtXm¿Øm¬ ˛ Cßs\ hnNn-¥\w sNbvXm¬
£nXn apX-em-bh ˛ `qan apX-emb F√m `qX-ßfpw
Kocp am{X-amIpw ˛ shdpw hm°p-Iƒ am{Xam-sW∂p
t_m[y-am-Ipw.
{] ]-©Ø - n¬ I≠p-t]m-cp∂ ]e- kw-`h - ß

- f
- nepw Hfn-™n-
cn-°p∂ sshcp-≤y-ßsf kq£va-X-tbmsS hnNn-¥\w
sNøm-sX-bmWv \mw IS-∂p-t]m-∂n-´p-≈-Xv. ImWp-∂-Xns\
ImWp-∂X - p-t]mse kzoI-cn®v hmkvXh - s
- a∂v FÆp-Ib - mWv
\mw sNøp-∂X - v. Hcp hkvXp Hcn-SØv ÿnXn sNøp∂p F∂p
]d-™m¬ B hkvXp \n›-em-hÿ - b
- n-emWv F∂-dn-bW - w.
]ns∂ AXn-\v Fß-s\-bmWv Ne\w D≠m-hpI? hkvXp Ht∂-
bp≈p F¶n¬ AXv ]ns∂ FhnsS\n∂v Ftßm´v Nen°pw?
Btflm]tZiiXIw 178
Nen-°p∂Xv Hcn-SØ - p-\n∂v thsdm-cn-St- Ø-°m-W.v Ne\w XpS-
ßm≥ HcnSw thWw. Ah-km-\n-°m≥ HcnSw thWw. AXn-\n-
S-bn-ep≈ A¥-cmfhpw thWw. Bflmhn\p P∑-ap-s≠∂p ]d-
bp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ AXn\p \mihpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. P\n-∏n-°-
W-sa-¶n¬ thsd H∂v D≠m-bn-cn--°Ww. At∏mƒ c≠v D◊
D≠m-Ip-∂p. c≠v D◊-Iƒ°v Htc-bn-SØv Htc-ka - bw Ccn-°m≥
Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. Hcp tai h®n-cn-°p∂ CSØv Hcp Itk-c°p
ÿnXn sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Bfl-kØ GI-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂X - n-\m¬ Bfl-kØ - b- n¬ Ne-\a- n-√. Ne-\a - n-√mØ
H∂n\v \n›-ea - mbn \n¬t°≠ Bh-iy-hp-an-√. N\-ea - n-√m-ØXv
\n›-ea- m-IW - s - a∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp sshcp-≤y-am-W.v {]]-©{- ]Xn-
`m-kØ - ns‚ sshcp-≤y-sØ-bmWv Cu t«mIw FSpØp ImWn-
°p-∂X - .v
krjvSn F∂Xv Hcp Ne-\a - m-W.v ebw As√-¶n¬ \miw
F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv thsdmcp Ne-\a - m-W.v AXn-\n-Sb - n-ep≈ \ne-
\n¬∏n-s\-bmWv ÿnXn F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - .v CsXms° Bfl-
k-Øb - psS GI-Xsb [ym\n-®p-d®h\v shdpw hm°p-Iƒ am{X-
am-bn-Øo-cpw. \mw hyh-lm-ct- em-IØ - n¬ A\p-`h - n-°p∂ F√m
A\p-`h - ß
- f- nepw hm°p-If
- m¬ \n¿Ωn-°s - ∏´ {]m]-©n-It- _m-
[-amWv \sΩ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Bfl-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂pw
hm°ns‚ {]k-‡n-Isf AS¿Øn-am-‰n-bm¬ krjvSn F∂pw
ÿnXn F∂pw ebw F∂pw \mw ]d-™p-t]m-cp∂ {]{In-b-
Ifpw Ah-km-\n-°pw. Bflmhv \n›-ea - m-W.v Bflmhv A]-cn-
Wm-an-bm-W.v ""hmNm-cw-`Ww hnImtcm \ma-t[bw arØn-tI-tXyh
kXyw'' F∂ Omtµm-tKym-]\ - n-jØ - nse hmIy{]Imcw hnIm-
c-ßs- f√mw shdpw hm°p-Iƒ am{X-am-W.v Nń-bnepw Ie-Ønepw
IpS-Ønepw aÆv am{Xta kXy-am-bn-´p-≈p. Nńbpw Iehpw IpS-
hp-sa√mw shdpw hm°p-Iƒ am{X-am-W.v
Btflm]tZiiXIw 179
81
{]IrXn ]ncn-s™mcp Iqdp t`m‡r-cq]w
kI-e-hp-ambv shfntb kap-√-kn°pw
Cl-]-c-am-samcp Iqdn-Z-¥-bmte
hnI-kn-Xam-anXp t`mKy-hn-iz-am-Ipw.
{]IrXn ]ncn™v ˛ Bfl-i‡ - n-bmb {]IrXn ]ncn™v

Hcp Iqdv ˛ Hcp `mKØv
t`m‡r-cq]w ˛ t`m‡m-hmbn \n¬°p-∂p.
Hcp Iqdv ˛ adp-`m-KØv
CZ-¥b- mte ˛ CZ¥ ImcWw
Cl-]-camw ˛ Cl-]c- ß- f- mb
kI-e-hp-ambn ˛ F√m-ambn
shfntb kap-√-kn°pw ˛ _mly-temIw {]Xn-`m-kn-°p-∂p.
CXv ˛ CXmWv
hnI-kn-Xamw ˛ hnI-kn®p \n¬°p∂
t`mKy-hn-iz-amIpw ˛ t`mKy-hn-iz-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
kp JØnte°v Nmbp-∂Xv Pohn-IfpsS k-l-P-amb hmk-

\-bm-Wv. temI-hn-jb - ß
- f
- n-emWv kpJ-an-cn-°p-∂s
A_-≤-[m-cW A⁄m-\-Øns‚ IqsS-∏n-d-∏m-Wv. AXv a\p-
- X∂
jy-sc-t∏mse a‰p Pohn-I-tfbpw _m[n-®n-´p-≠v. \√ Imem-h-

ÿ-bp≈ CS-tØ°v ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Iƒ k©-cn-°p-∂X - p-t]mse
Bfp-Ifpw t]mIm-dp≠v. kº-ØmWv kpJ-Øns‚ {]`hw
F∂p IcpXnbmWv AXp≈ CS- ß fn- t e°v Bfp- I ƒ
t]mIp∂-Xv. kpJsØ Xnc-™p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy≥ Hmtcm
\nan-jhpw Pohn-°p-∂X- v. hnj-bß- fn¬ kpJw Xnc-bp-tºmgpw
kpJ-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Dd-hnSw hnNmcw sNbvXp a\- n-em-
°p-hm≥ km[m-c-W-°m¿°p Ign-bm-dn-√. BcmWv kpJsØ
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv? A\p`-hn-°p-∂-h≥ t`mKn-bm-Wv. t`mKn
Al-¥b - m-Wv. Bflmhv Xs∂-bmWv t`mKn-bmbn cq]m-¥cw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 180
{]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bflm-hns\ Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂
{]IrXn c≠v Iqdp-I-fmbn ]ncn™v Hcp hiØv t`m‡mhpw
adp-hi- Øv t`mKy-hn-iz-hp-ambn hne-kp-∂p. Bflm-hns‚ i‡n-
bmWv {]Ir-Xn. temIsØ `pPn-°p-hm-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏m-Wn-
Xv. hnj-bsØ `pPn-°W - s- a-¶n¬ Bflmhn\v t`m‡m-hns‚
aqSp-]S- a
- W
- n-bW
- w. ckm-kzm-Z\ - a
- mWv t`m‡m-hns‚ the. ck-
ap≈ hnj-b-ß-fpsS ]dp-Zo-k-bmWv t`mKy-hn-izw. ckhkvXp-
°ƒ am{Xta t`m‡m-hn\p {]nbX D≠m-°p-∂p-≈q. A{]nbw
Df-hm-°p∂ hkvXp-°sf X≈n-°f - b
- p-tºmgpw t`m‡m-hn¬
ckw P\n-°pw. t`m‡mhv A\p-`h - n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu-
temIw c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≈ kpJw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. Nne
t`mKy-ßƒ A\p`-hth-f-bn¬Xs∂ kpJw \¬Ip-∂p. Ah
sFln-I-ß-fm-Wv. NneXv Iptd Ign™mWv êw \¬Ip-
∂Xv. Ah ]c-ßf - m-Wv.
\ΩpsS hmbnte°v Hcp a[p-c-]-e-lmcw C´p-X-cn-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ At∏mƒØs∂ \ap-°X - ns‚ ck-ad - n-bmw. kpJw
A\p-`h- n-°p-Ib
- pw sNømw. F∂m¬ Hcp hmg h®m¬ Iptd
Ign-™mWv \ap-°X - ns‚ êw e`n-°p-∂X - v. I¿Ω-ßf - psS
êw Cßs\ ]ncn™p- \n¬°p-∂X - ns\ ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°n-
bmWv Clw˛]cw F∂ hnh£ Kpcp tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
t`m‡m-hn\p ta™p-\S- ° - p-hm-\p≈ CS-amWv t`mKy-hn-izw.
AXv {]IrXn-bpsS Hcp hiam-Wv. t`m‡m-sh∂ ]pdhpw
t`mKy-hn-iz-sa∂ adp-]p-dhpw tN¿∂v hyh-lm-cPohnXw hnI-
kn-X-am-Ip-∂p. CZ-¥-bmWv t`mKy-hn-izsØ kwc-Nn-°p-∂-
Xv. Al-¥-bpsS {]Xn-Zz-µ-amWv CZ-¥. {]IrXn a\p-jys\
h´w Id-°p-∂Xv ^te-—-tbm-Sp-IqSn I¿Ω-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-
tºm-gm-Wv. t`m‡m-hm-b Poh\v ^te-—-bn-√msX I¿Ωw
sNøm-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Rm≥ t`m‡m-h-√, I¿Ωkm£n-bmb
Bflm-hm-sW∂v sXfn-bp-∂X - mWv tamN-\a - m¿§w. Bfl-kz-
cq]w Ft∏mgpw hnIm-cc - l
- n-Xa- mbmWv- \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. \mw
B Bflkzcp]w Xs∂-bm-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 181
82
Ac-Wn-I-S-s™-gp-a-·n-t]msebmcm˛
bvhh-cnen-cp-∂-Xn-c-s‰gpw hnthIw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am¿∂ `m\p-hmbv \n˛
s∂cn-bp-a-Xn-∂n-c-bm-bn-Sp∂p k¿hw.
AcWn IS-s™gpw ˛ AcWn IS-bp-tºmƒ AXn¬

\n∂pw Pzen-®p-b-cp∂
A·n-t]mse ˛ Xo t]mse
Bcmbvhh-cn¬ Ccp∂v ˛ ⁄m\sØ At\z-jn-
°p-∂-h-cn¬\n∂v
AXn-c-s‰gpw hnthIw ˛ AXn-cp-I-fn-√msX DZn-®p-bp-cp∂
⁄m\-{]-Imiw
]c-a-Nn-Zw-_-c-am¿∂ ˛ ]c-a-amb NnZm-Im-i-Øn¬
\nd-™p- \n¬°p∂
`m\p-hmbv \ns∂-cnbpw ˛ ⁄mRm\kq-cy-\mbn Fcn-™p-
sIm-≠n-cn°pw
AXn∂v ˛ B ⁄m\m-·n-bn¬
Cc-bm-bn-Sp∂p k¿hw ˛- F√mw IØn-sb-cn-bp-∂p.
B flm-t\z-jWw Hcp X]- m-Wv. X] v Dujvam-hns\

hnIn-cWw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. Poh≥ Bflm-hn-te°v hf-
cp-tºmƒ A⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]pdw-tXm-Sp-Iƒ Dcp-In-ho-gpw. X]-
\-{Inb \S-°p-∂Xv c≠v Ac-Wn-Iƒ IS-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-
Wv. b⁄-Ip-WvUw Pzen-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ac-Wn-IS- ™- m-Wv. Ffp-
∏-Øn¬ IØp-]n-Sn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp≈ c≠p ac-°-j-W-
ßfmWv Ac-Wn-Iƒ. Ch XΩn¬ IS-™mWv Xo D≠m-°p-
∂-Xv. Xmsg h®n-cn-°p∂ Ac-Wnsb A[-cm-cWn F∂pw
apI-fn¬ IS-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ac-Wnsb DØ-cm-cWn
F∂p-amWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. IS-®neneqsS NqSv h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw
ac-°-j-W-ßƒ°v Xo ]nSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ac-Wn-Ifn¬
Btflm]tZiiXIw 182
Xs∂ A·n ad-™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kwip-≤a - mb A·n-
bmbn CXns\ Icp-Xs - ∏-Sp-∂p. AcWn IS-bp-∂Xv {]Xo-Im-
fl-Ia - mb Hcp `mj IqSn-bm-Wv. kv{Xo]p-cp-j∑
- m¿ ssaYp-\{- ]-
{In-bb- n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-tºmƒ \S-°p-∂Xpw Hcp aY-\a - mWv. A·n-
bpsS ÿm\Øv AhnsS Pzen-®p-bc - p-∂Xv B\-µa - q¿—-bm-Wv.
ChnsS Pohn-Xa - m-Ip∂ X]-\{- ]-{In-bb - n¬ t`m‡m-hm-b
Al-¥bpw t`mKy-am-b {]]-©hpw XΩn-emWv ]c-ak - m-£m-
XvIm-c-Øn-\p-th≠n kwL¿j-W-Øn-te¿s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
t`m‡mhpw t`mKy-hn-izhpw Hcp {]tXyI A\p-cW - \ - m-flI
- -
X-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-tºmƒ Bflm-\p-`hw {]f-bm-·n-t]mse
Al-¥t- bbpw euIn-IX - t- bbpw hngp-ßn-°f - b
- p-∂p. ssZzX-
ß-f‰ Dƒshfnhv tXP n-b∂ Hcp kqcy-\m-bn- IØn-Pz-en-
°p-∂p. kqcy≥ hnth-IØ - ns‚ _nw_-am-Wv. shfn-®Ø - ns‚
t{kmX- m-W.v shfn®w Ccp-ńs\ AI-‰m-\p-≈X - m-W.v AtXmsS
Pohn-XØns‚ Ccp≠ i‡n-If - n¬\n∂v \ap°p ]pd-Øp-IS- -
°m≥ Ign-bp∂p. Imaw, t{Im[w, Akqb Ch-sb√mw ⁄m\m-
·n-bn¬ IØn-®m-º-em-Ip-∂p. ""bssY-[mwkn kan-t≤m-·nx
`kvak- mXv Ipcp-tX¿÷p\ ⁄m\m·nx k¿h-I¿ΩmWn `kva-
kmXv Ipcp-tX XYm.'' ˛- - A√tbm A¿÷p-\m, \√-hÆw Pzen-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ A·n hnd-Ip-Isf Fßs\ IØn®p `kva-
am-°p-∂pthm AXp-t]mse ⁄m-\a - m-Ip∂ A·n k¿h I¿Ω-
ß-tfbpw `kvaa - m-°p∂p F∂v KoXm-Im-c≥ ]d-bp-∂p. I¿Ω-
\miap≠-bm¬ Bfl-kz-cq-]-Øn¬ {]XnjvT e`n-°p-∂p.
Cukm£m-Xv°m-ca - mWv Btflm-]t- Z-ii - X
- Iw \ap-°p-≠m-°n-
Ø-cp-∂-Xv. PohnXØns‚ ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿∞-amb NnZw-_-c-
Ønte°v \sΩ ssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øp-∂p. kzbw {]Im-in°p∂
`m\p-am-t‚-Xpt]m-sebmWv Bfl-⁄m-\n-bpsS Pohn-Xw.
k¿hhpw B {]Im-iØ - n¬ s]men-™p-t]m-Ipw. NnZw-_cw
\ncp-]m-[n-I⁄
- m\Øns‚ BIm-ia - m-Wv. CXmWv ]c-aamb
kpJw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 183
83
DS-bp-an-cn-°p-ap-Zn-°p-sam-∂p- am-dn˛
ØpS-cp-an-Xn-ßp-S-en≥ kz`m-h-amIpw
apSn-bn-en-cp-∂-dn-bp∂p aq∂p-am-flm˛
hnS-c-dp-sam-∂nXp \n¿hn-Im-c-amIpw.
DSbpw ˛ \in°pw
Ccn°pw ˛ ÿnXn sNøpw
DZn°pw ˛ P\n°pw
H∂p-am-dn-Øp-Scpw ˛ Hcp cq]w amdn thsdmcp cq]-
Øn¬ XpScpw
CXv ˛ Cu ]cn-Wmaw
Cßv DS-en≥ ˛ ChnsS ico-c-Øns‚ Xe-Øn¬
kz`m-h-amIpw ˛ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kw`hn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn°pw
apSn-bn-en-cp∂v ˛ k¿hm-Xo-X-ambn h¿Øn®v
Bflm ˛ t_m[w
aq∂pw Adn-bp∂p ˛ krjvSn-ÿnXn-eb- ß
- sf Adn-bp∂p.
CS-cdpw ˛ ZpxJw A‰p-t]mb
H∂nXv ˛ Cu Bflmhv GI-amWv.
\n¿hn-Im-c-amIpw ˛ Cu Bflmhv am‰-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amWv.
{io _p≤-\mWv _mlyPohn-X-Øns‚ £Wn-I-X-sb-°p-

dn®v Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Hcp ]cn-t{]£yw (perspective)
BZyw hne-bn-cp-Øn-bX
- v. {]]-©h
- k- vXp-°f
- psS P\-\hpw \ne-
\n¬∏pw ac-W-hp-sa√mw imiz-X-amb B\-µsØ {]Zm\w
sNøp-∂n-s√∂v At±lw \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn. _p≤≥ ]d-
bp∂p: ""temI-Po-hnXw ic-¬°m-e-ta-L-ß-sf-t∏m-se-bm-Wv.
Hcp \rØ-Øns‚ Ne-\ß - ƒ amdn-amdn hcp-∂X- p-t]m-se-bmWv
P\-\hpw ac-Whpw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Icn-ta-L-
ßƒ°p IpdptI Hfn-an-∂p∂ hnZyp-√X IW-s°-bmWv B-
bp v IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. F{X {ZpX-K-Xn-bm-W-Xn-\v. sN¶p-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 184
Ømb Hcp ae-bn¬\n∂pw Dut°msS Xmtg°p {]h-ln-°p∂
Pe-]mXw t]mse-bm-WX.v'' amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ temIØv
\mw Pohn-Xm-k‡n sIm≠p-\-S-∂m¬ XpS¿®-bmbn lXm-i-
cm-tI-≠n-h-cpw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv _p≤≥ temI-Po-hn-XsØ
ZpxJambn I≠Xv.
F∂m¬ {io\mcm-bW - K - pcp Aß-s\-sbmcp hnjm-Zm-fl-
I-Xsb ]‰n-b√ ]d-bp-∂X - v. H∂p-≠m-hp-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-
Ibpw \in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv ico-cØ - ns‚ kz`m-ha - m-Wv.
kz`mhw F∂m¬ am‰-an-√mØ \nbaw. {]]-©Ø - nse Cu
ssPh-]cn-Wm-a-ß-sfsb√mw \ap°p XSp-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-
√. XSp-Øm¬ am\-kn-IX - e
- Ø - nepw imco-cn-IX
- e
- Ø- nepw B
k¿§-{]-hmlw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp hnj-a-k-‘nsb
krjvSn-°pw. F∂m¬ ChnsS thsdmcp t]mwh-gn- Kpcp ]d-
bp∂p: Bflmhv krjvSn-ÿnXneb-ßƒ°v AXo-Xa - mb D◊-
bm-Wv. AXoXw F∂p ]d-™m¬ krjvSn-ÿn-Xn-e-b-ßƒ°v
]pdØv F∂√. Cu aq∂v {]{In-bI - fpw Bflm-hn\p ]pd-Ø√
\S-°p-∂X- v. Bflm-hn-¬X-s∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu aq∂v {]{In-
b-I-fmepw Bflm-hn\v Hcp `mh-t`-Zhpw kw`-hn-°p-∂n-√.
Bflmhv apSn-bn-en-cp-∂v km£n-bmbn Adn-bp∂p.
F{_lmw amkvtemhns\t∏msebp≈ a\x-im-kv{X-
⁄¿ DØpw-Km-\p-`qXn (peak experience) F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv
apSn-bn-en-cp∂v A\p`hn°p∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. apSn F∂m¬
t_m[- Ø ns‚ DØpw- K - amb \ne- b m- W v . `mhm-Xo-XX-ew.
Bflmhv Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnIm-cØ - n\pw ASn-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Hcp
Xc-Øn-ep≈ ZpxJhpw Bflm-hns\ ]nSn-Iq-Sp-∂pan-√. AXv
Ft∏mgpw D◊-bp-≈X - m-Wv F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ kØm-W.v AXv
Ft∏mgpw Adn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ NnØm-
Wv. AsX-t∏mgpw kpJn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬
B\-µa- m-W.v
Btflm]tZiiXIw 185
84
Adn-h-Xn-\m-e-h-\o-hn-Im-c-ap-s≠˛
∂cp-fp-an-tXm¿°n-ek-Xy-ap-≈-Xp¿ho
\nc-h-[n-bmbv \ne-b‰p \nev]-sX-√m˛
adn-hn-segpw {]Ir-Xn-kz-cq-]-am-Ipw.
Adn-h-Xn-\m¬ ˛ Adn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Ah\o hnImcw ˛ aÆns‚ cq]m-¥-c-ß-fmb Iew,
IpSw apX-em-bh
Ds≠∂v ˛ D≈-Xm-sW∂v
Acpfpw ˛ \mw ]d-bm-dp-≠v.
D≈Xv D¿ho ˛ kXyØn¬ aÆp am{Xtabp≈q.
CtXm¿°n¬ AkXyw ˛ CXdn™m¬ Iew, Nń F∂o
hnIm-c-ß-sf√mw Ak-Xy-am-Wv.
\nc-h-[n-bm-bv ˛ FÆ-a‰ Xc-Øn¬ ImW˛
- s∏-Sp-∂sX√mw
\ne-b‰p \nev]-sX√mw ˛ kz¥-ambn AkvXn-X-bn-√mØ
\ma-cq-]ß
- f
- mWv
Adn-hn-segpw ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw Fgp∂p hcp∂
{]IrXn kzcq-]-amIpw ˛ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnIm-c-am-Wn-sX√mw.
G sXmcp hkvXp \n¿Ωn-°p-∂X - n\pw Hcp ]Zm¿∞w Bh-

iy-am-Wv. B ]Zm¿∞-amWv B hkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞
kØ-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. kv]nt\mk F∂ ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥I - ≥
Cu kØsb substance F∂mWv hnfn-®X - v. Hcp Ipem-e≥
Ifn-aÆv Ac®pIpg®v AXns\ Ipem-eZ- WvUpw N{Ihpw D]-
tbm-Kn®v ]cph-s∏-SpØn ]m{X-ßƒ D≠m-°p-∂p. Nń, Iew,
]m\, IqP, IpSw Chsb√mw B Ifn-a-Æn¬\n∂v Ipem-e≥
D≠m°nsbSp-°p-∂mXm-Wv. Ifn-a-Æn¬ \n¿Ωn® Hmtcm cq]-
tØbpw t\m°n \nß- t fmSv tNmZn- ° p- I - b mWv : ""CsX-
¥mWv?'' \nßƒ ]dbpw: ""CXp Nń-bmWv, CXp IeamWv,
Btflm]tZiiXIw 186
CXp IqP-bmWv.'' At∏mƒ Ifn-as- Æ-hnsSt∏mbn? Iew F∂
\ma-Øn-s‚bpw cq]-Øn-s‚bpw ad-hn¬ Ifna-sÆ∂ ]Zm¿∞w
ad-™p-t]m-bn. \ma-Øn\pw cq]-Øn\pw Aan-X-amb {]k-
‡nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw \mw Adn-bmsX \ΩpsS a\ v sImSp-
Øp-t]m-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ kØsb ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Cu {]]-
©-Øn¬ \nc-h[n cq]-ßfpw \nc-h[n \ma-ßfpw tN¿∂v
{]]-©Ø - ns‚ kØbmb {_“sØ ad-®p-hb - v°p-∂p. \ma-
cq-]ß
- f
- psS taml-he
- b
- Ø
- n¬ Poh\pw IpSp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.
a\ v \ma-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ s]ń-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
B a\- n¬Xs∂ cq]-ßƒ {]Xn-`-I-fmbn {]Im-in-°p-∂p-
≠v. cq]Øn\v C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp A-kvXn-Xbpw at\m-
tKm-N-c-amb thsdm-cp AkvXn-Xbpap≠v. C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-amb
cq]w hymh-lm-cn-I-am-Wv. C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-amb sh≈w IpSn-
®mte \ΩpsS Zmlw amdp-I-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ sh≈-Øn\v
at\m-tKm-N-c-amb Hcp {]Xn-`-bp-ap-≠v. a\- n-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂
sh≈-Øns‚ {]Xn` \ΩpsS Zmlw am‰p-I-bn-√. ChnsS ]d-
bs∏Sp∂ cq]m-fl-I-Xbpw \mam-fl-I-Xbpw \nch-[n-bm-Wv.
Ahbv°v kz¥-ambn \ne-\n-ev]n-√. ]mc-am¿∞n-I-⁄m\-
Øn¬ {]Xo-Xn-am-{X-am-bmWv Ah ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. Hcp-
h≥ Xs‚ icn-bmb D◊sb Is≠-Øp-tºmƒ a\ v krjvSn-
°p∂ auVy-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pdØp IS-°pw. Adn-hns‚ i‡n-
bmb {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnIrXn am{X-amWv ImW-s∏-Sp∂ {]]-
©w. Iehpw Nńbpw Ak-Xy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse {]]-
©m-\p-`-h-ßfpw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. BIm-i-Øn¬ \oe-\ndw
tXm∂n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Bflm-hn¬ {]]©w tXm∂n-°pI
am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. D≈Xv Adnhv am{Xw. Adn-hnen-cn-°p-
∂-XmWv kzX-{¥yw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 187
85
\ng-semcp _nw_-at- ]-£n-bmsX \nev]o˛
segp-ap-e-sI-ßp-a-_nw-_-am-I-bmte
\ng-ep-a-X-√nXp t\cp-a√ hnZzm˛
s\gp-Xn-bnSpw ^Wn-t]mse ImWp-sa√mw.
\ng¬ ˛ \ng¬
Hcp _nw_w ˛ Hcp _nw_sØ
At]-£n-bmsX ˛ B{i-bn-®-√msX
\nev]oe ˛ \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-√.
Fgpw DeIv Fßpw ˛ F√m-bn-SØpw {]Xo-X-am-bn-°m-
Wp∂ temIw
A_nw-_-am-I-bmte ˛ Hcp _nw_sØ B{i-bn®p
\ng-en-°p-∂-X-√.
\ng-ep-a-X√ ˛ AXn-\m¬ {]]©w \ng-ep-a√.
CXp t\cp-a√ ˛ kzbw kØ D≈-Xp-a√.
hnZzm≥ ˛ NXp-c-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c≥
Fgp-Xn-bnSpw ˛ hc-®
^Wn-t]mse ˛ ]mºn-s\-t∏mse
ImWp-sa√mw ˛ F√mw ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
H cp Pem-i-b-Øns‚ Ic-bn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS cq]w

kv^Sn-I-k-¶m-i-amb Pem-i-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p∂p.
\ΩpsS cp]w {]Xn-^-en-°p-tºmƒ ImWs∏Sp-∂Xv {]Xn-
_nw-_-am-Wv. _nw_w bYm¿∞ cq]-am-Wv. Pe-Øn¬ {]Xn-
_nw_w ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv tZlw _nw_-am-bXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
{]]©w \ng-em-sW∂v Nne Zm¿i-\n-I¿ ]d-bm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬
{]]-©w Hcp \ngemsW∂p hnNm-cn-°m≥ Hcp \ymbhpw
ImWp-∂n-√. {]]©w {]Xn-_nw-_-am-sW-¶n¬ {]]-©-Øn\p
Imc-W-am-b _nw_w D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Bflmhv GI-am-Wv.
AZz-b-am-Wv. AsXm-cn-°epw \m\m-Xz-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]Xn-^-
en-°p-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hns‚ {]Xn-_nw-_-amWv
Btflm]tZiiXIw 188
{]]©w F∂p ]d-bms\m-°p-I-bn-√. {]]-©-Øn-\m-Is´
kzbta Hcp AkvXn-X-bp-an-√. \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ coXn-
bn-emWv {]]-©-Øns‚ \ne. {]]©w Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw
Htckabw ]d-bm-hp∂ hn[-Øn¬ \ap°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xm-Wv. C{µn-b-ßƒ°v tKmN-c-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v ]q¿Æ-ambn
Cs√∂p ]d-bm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ Cg ]ncn®p ]cn-
tim-[n-®m¬ Bflmhv am{Xta kXy-am-bn-´p≈q F∂p t_m[y-
s∏-Spw.
B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ {]]©w Ime-Øn-s‚bpw tZi-
Øn-s‚bpw kΩn-{i--am-sW-∂mWv \n¿h-Nn-®X - v. F∂m¬ ssl
k≥ _¿Kn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿ {]]-©-Øns‚ kq£va-IWß-
fpsS ]T-\Ø
- n-\mbn Xp\n-™t- ∏mƒ ]c-am-Wp-°ƒ Ds≠∂pw
Cs√∂pw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bmØ ÿnXn-bn¬ Ahsc Ipg-bv°p-
I-bm-Wp-≠m-bX- v. Aß-s\-bmWv sslk≥ _¿Kns‚ {]]-
©-kn-≤m¥w uncertainty principle Bbn amdn-b-Xv. thZm-¥hpw
{]]-©sØ D≠m-°n-°m-Wn-°p∂ ambsb ""A\n¿h-N\ - ob''
F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. AXo-h-\n-]p-W-\mb Hcp Iem-Im-
c≥ Nn{Xw hc-®m¬ B Nn{Xw Poh- p-‰-Xmbn tXm∂m-dp-≠v.
Hcp ]mºn-s\bmWv hc-bv°p-∂s - X-¶n¬ B Nn{Xw I≠m ¬
\mw `b∂p \ne-hn-fn-°pw. A{Xbv°pw bYm-X-Y-ambn NXp-c-
\mb Hcp Iem-Im-c\v hc-bv°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv
Bflm-hnepw {]]-©-c-N\ \S-°p∂-Xv. Bflm-hn¬ Xs∂-
bn-cn-°p∂ {]IrXni‡n-bmWv XqenI ]nSn-°p∂-Xv. CXp
\n¿h-Nn®p a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ B›cy-]-c-X-tbmsS
Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-XmWv el-cn-Zm-b-Iw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 189
86
X\p apX-em-bXp k¿h-sam-∂n-sem-∂n˛
√\r-X-hp-am-b-Xn-\m-se-b-\y-`mKw
A\p-Zn-\-a-kvX-an-bm-Xn-cn-°-bmte
]p\-cr-Xc- q-]h
- p-ambvs∏men-™n-Sp-∂p.
X\p apX-em-bXp ˛ icocw apX-em-b Zriy-ßƒ

k¿hw ˛ F√mw
H∂n¬ H∂n√ ˛ Hcp ico-c-Øn¬ thsdmcp ico-c-an√,
(H∂v H∂n¬\n∂v -`n-∂-am-Wv).
AXn-\mse ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
A\r-X-hp-ambn ˛ Ah Ak-Xy-amWv.
A\y-`mKw ˛ adp-`m-K-amb Zr°v
A\p-Zn\w ˛ Zn\w- tXmdpw
AkvX-an-bmXncn-°-bmte ˛ AkvX-an°mXncn°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
]p\x ˛ ]n∂oSpw
EX-cq-]-hp-ambv ˛ kXy-kz-cq]ambv
s]men-™n-Sp∂p ˛ {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
X \p F∂m¬ ico-c-am-Wv. a\p-jy-i-cocw am{X-a-√. cq]w-

]q-≠-sX√mw ico-c-am-Wv. tNX-\-sat∂m AtN-X-\-
sat∂m D≈ th¿Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ ico-c-Øns‚ Xe-Øn¬ Bh-
iy-an-√. GsXmcp ico-c-Øn\pw ÿnXn sNøm≥ ÿew th
Ww. Hcp icocw {]tXyI CS-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xp-
t]mseXs∂ AXn\p ÿnXnsN-øm≥ Hcp Imehpw thWw.
F∂p ]d-™m¬ GsXmcp ico-cØ - n\pw Ime-Ønepw tZi-
Ønepw am{Xta ÿnXn sNøm-s\m°p-I-bp-≈q. Fs‚ tai-
∏p-dsØ ]q∏m-{X-Øn¬ Cs∂mcp tdmkm-]pjv]w Ccn-°p-∂p-
s≠-¶n¬ thsdmcp ] - p-jv]Ø
- nt\m hkvXp-hnt\m B ]q∏m-
{X-Øn¬ Ccn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Hcp ]qhn\p am{Xta AXn¬
ÿnXn sNøm≥ CS-ap-≈q. At∏mƒ B ]q∏m-{X-Øn¬ Ccn-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 190
°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp∂ At\Iw ]q°-fp-≠v. ]q∏m-{XsØ
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ah-sb√mw ]q∏m-{X-Øn¬ C√m-Ø-
h-bm-Wv. Zriy-ß-fpsS Cu ]c-kv]-c-\n-cm-I-c-WsØ At\ym-
\ym-`mhw F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. F∂m¬ Hcp Zriy-Øn\v Fs∂
∂pw Hcn-SØv ÿnXn sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Zriyw Ime-
{I-a-Øn¬ \in-°pw. Zriyw A\r-X-am-Wv. AXn\v \nXy-Xz-an-
√. ico-c-ß-fpsS hyXn-cn-‡Xt]mse-b√ Zr°ns‚ \ne.
Zriy-Øns‚ adp-]p-d-amb Zr°v \nXy-am-Wv. Xmev°m-en-Itam
Aev]tam A√. AXv EX-am-Wv. Zriyw A\r-X-am-Wv.
ico-c-ß-fpsS Xe-Øn¬ H∂n¬ thsdm-∂n\p ÿnXn
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ {io_p-≤\v ÿnXn
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. IrjvW\ - n¬ \_n°v ÿnXn sNøm≥
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Itk-c-bn¬ tai°pw tai-bn¬ Itk-c°pw
ÿnXn sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. H∂n¬ thsdm-∂ns‚ A`m-
hsØ \mw ImWp-∂p-≠v. H∂n\v thsdm∂v A\y-bm-Wv.
s]menbpanX\y F∂v KpcpXs∂ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. CsX√mw
Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Ipg-a-dn-®n-ep-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ hfsc A\m-
bm-kw Kpcp Cu {]tl-fn-Isb kao-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-
bm-Wv: F∂m¬ Hcp kXyw Aev]w-t]m-epw aß-te¬°msX
Cu ico-cß- ƒs°√mw B[m-ca - m-bn- ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p-≠v. AXv
Bfl-k-Ø-bm-Wv. AXv DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-ß-fn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.
Fs¥√mw ChnsS Dcp-th-¥n- ÿnXn-sN-øp∂pt≠m Ah-
sb√mw Bfl-k-Ø-bpsS Dcp-h-ß-fm-Wv. {Inkv X p- h n\pw
IrjvW\pw Bflm-hmb B[m-c-ØnemWv H∂n-bv°m-hp-∂-
Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Zr°ns\ D]-\n-jØ - n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv EXw F∂m-
Wv. EXw F∂m¬ \in-°mØXv Ft∂ A¿∞-ap-≈q. Adnhv
Xs∂-bmWv EXw. Zr°v \mi-an-√msX {]Im-in-°p-Ibpw Zriyw
\in-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A\r-X-Øn¬ kwKw-h®p
]pe¿ØmsX EXØn¬ Aa¿∂v AXp am{X-am-bn-tS-Ww. Cu
\ne-bmWv imiz-Xa - mb Pohn-XsØ {]Zm\w sNøp-∂X - v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 191
87
X\n-sb-bn-sXm-s°-bp-ap≠p XΩn-temtcm˛
cn\-an-X-cß-fn-en-√-,bn-{]-Imcw
X\p apX-em-bXp kØp-a√tbm¿Øm˛
e\r-X-hp-a-√-X-hm-Ny-am-bn-Sp-∂p.
X\nsb ˛ hkvXp-°sf H‰-bvs°m-‰°v FSp-Øv-

]cn-tim-[n®p t\m-°n-bm¬
CsXm-°-bpap≠v ˛ Chbvs°√mw D◊bp-≠v.
XΩn¬ Hmtcmtcm C\w ˛ XΩn¬ Hmtcm Hmtcm C\w
CX-c-ß-fn-en√ ˛ a‰n\-ß-fn¬ C√
C{]-Imcw ˛ CXp-t]mse
X\p apX-em-bXv ˛ icocw apX-em-bh
kØp-a√ ˛ kXyhpa√,
Hm¿Øm¬ ˛ ]cn-tim-[n-®p- t\m-°n-bm¬
A\r-X-hp-a√ ˛ Ak-Xy-hp-a-√,
AXv Ahm-Ny-am-bn-Sp∂p ˛ AXv hNn-°m-\m-h-Ø-XmWv.
Hm tcm-tcm hkvXp-hns\ t- \m-°n-bm¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw kzX-

{¥-amb AkvXn-X-bp-≠v. Hmtcm hkvXphpw \ma-cq-]-
ß-fn-eqsS AXns‚ D◊ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. cma\p-≠v,
koX-bp-≠v, tXß-bp-≠v, amß-bp-≠v, ]ip-hp-≠v, \mb-bp-≠v,
ag-bp-≠,v shbn-ep-≠.v Ch-bn¬ ""D≠v'' F∂ {Inbm-]Zw Hmtcm-
∂n-t‚bpw AkvXn-Xsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. shbn-¬
C√ F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ibn-√. amß- C√ F∂p ]d-bp-
hm≥ Ign-bp-Ibn√. amß C√ F∂ \ntj[w D◊-bpsS
BsI \ntj-[-am-Wv. Rß-fpsS amhn¬ Ct∏mƒ amßbn√
F∂p ]d-bmw. Cu ka-bØv amß-bn-s√-¶n¬ thsdmcp ka-
bØv amß D≠m-Imw. `mhm-`m-h-ßƒ XmXv°m-en-I-am-Wv.
]ip-hn¬ IpXn-cb - n-√. IpXn-c-bn¬ ]ip-hp-an-√. CXv At\ym-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 192
\ym-`m-h-am-Wv. ]ip Hcp C\-am-Wv. IpXnc thsdmcp C\-am-
Wv. H∂n¬ thsdm-∂ns‚ C√mbva hcp-∂X - p-sIm≠v icocw
kXy-a-√. kØm-sW-¶n¬ Fhn-sSbpw F√m-bvt∏mgpw D≠m-
bn-cn-°Ww. kØ°v C√m-bvab - n-√. kØ°v C\-an-√. kØ
kam-\m-[n-Ic - W
- a
- m-Wv. F∂m¬ amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ico-
c-ßƒ C√m-bva°v hg-ßn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬, \in-®p-t]m-
Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahbv°p kzbw D◊-bn-√ F∂p ]d-bm≥
Ign-bpw. C{µn-b-tKm-N-cam-b-Xp-sIm≠v ico-c-Øns‚ D◊sb
]q¿Æ-ambpw X≈m-\m-Ip-I-bn-√. hyh-lm-c-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-
Sp∂ temIw \in-°pw. ]c-am¿∞-⁄m-\Ø - n¬ am{Xta thsd
thsd-bp≈ AkvXn-X-Iƒ C√m-Xm-hp-I-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ hyh-
lm-c-Øn¬ Ahsb ]q¿Æ-ambpw Cs√∂p ]d-bm-\pam-hp-
Ibn- √ .
\√ XWp-∏p≈ cm{Xn-bn¬ Iºn-fn-∏p-X∏ - p-sIm≠p ]pX-
bv°p-tºmƒ XWp∏v AI-∂p- t]m-Ip-∂p-≠v. NqSp In´p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p-. Iºnfn C√ F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Iºn-
fn°v hymh-lm-cn-Ia - mb AkvXn-Xb - p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v AXv
A\r-Xh - p-a√
- . ico-cß - f
- psS temI-Øn¬ Hcp-Xcw A\n¿h-N-
\o-bXbmWv Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂-Xv. Fs¥-Sp-Ømepw Ds≠∂pw
Cs√∂pw Htc-ka - bw ]d-bm≥ Ignbpw. Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw
Hcp-an®p ]d-bp-∂Xv Hcp sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. \ap-s°mcp icn-bmb
ho£-Wt- Im¨ C√m-ØX - p-sIm-≠mWv Cu sshcp≤yw P\n-
°p-∂-Xv. Bfl-ÿn-X-\mb ⁄m\nbv°v Cu sshcp-≤y-
ßfn√. D◊bpw C√m-bvabpw hen-sbmcp kXy-amb Bflm-
hn¬ \S-°p∂ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Gdn-am-dn-Øn-cn-be - m-Wv. AXp
Xncn-®d- n-bW- w. Ahm-Ny-amb H∂mWv temIw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 193
88
kI-e-hp-ap-≈-Xp-Xs∂ XØz-Nn-¥m-˛
{K-l-\nXp k¿hhp-ta-I-ambv {Kln°pw
AI-ap-Ja- m-bd- n-bm-bI
v n¬ ambbmw h≥˛
]I ]eXpw {à-ta-In-Sp∂p ]mcw.
kI-ehpw D≈-Xp-Xs∂ ˛ F√mw D◊-bp-≈-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l≥ ˛ XØzsØ a\\wsNbvXp a\- n-
em-°p-∂-h≥
CXp k¿hhpw ˛ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb apgp-h≥
temItØbpw
GI-ambv {Kln°pw ˛ Htc-sbmcp D◊-bmbn D≈-dnbpw.
AI-ap-J-ambv ˛ Bflm-`n-ap-J-ambn
Adn-bm-bvIn¬ ˛ Adn-bm™m¬
ambbmw h≥]I ˛ amb-bm-Ip∂ henb i{Xp
]eXpw ˛ \m\m-Xz-_p-≤nsb DW¿Øn
{àta-In-Sp∂p ]mcw ˛ henb {àw D≠m-°p-∂p.
tem Iw anYy-bm-sW∂p ]d-bp∂ Z¿i-\sØ Bfp-Iƒ

sIm≈cp-Xm-ØXpw _p≤n-iq-\y-hp-ambn Icp-Xp-∂p. i¶-
cm-Nm-cy¿ ""{_“-kXyw, PK∑nYy'' F∂p ]d-™t- ∏mƒ temIm-
cm-an-Iƒ ]c-a] - p-—t- ØmsS AXns\ A[n-t£-]n-®p. {_“w
am{Xta kXy-am-bn-´p-≈q, PKØv anYy-bm-Wv. BNm-cy¿
""Pothm {_-ss“h \m]cm'' F∂pIqSn tN¿Øp ]d-™n-´p-
≠v. Poh≥ {_“wXs∂-bm-W.v thsd c≠m-a-sXm-∂-√. anYy
F∂m¬ C√m-Ø-sX-∂-√. kz¥-ambn D◊ C√m-ØXpw
am‰Øn\p hnt[-b-am-bXpw F∂mWv B hm°ns‚ A¿∞w.
\ma-cq-]m-flI - a
- mb {]]©w A⁄m-\-P-\y-amb tXm∂-em-
Wv. B tXm∂¬ Bfl-km-£m-XI v m-ct- ØmsS am™p-t]m
Ip∂p. {]]©w kXy-am-sW∂p hcn-In¬ Bcpw ]c-a-am-b-
Xns\ At\z-jn-°p-I-bn-√. {]]©w kXy-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 194
ZpxJw \ne-\n-ev°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ Bfl-l-
Xysb {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-ambn FÆp-∂p. Pn⁄m-kp-hn\v ]pd-
Øp-IS- °
- m-\p≈ Hcp D]m-ba - m-bmWv {]]-©Ø - ns‚ anYymXzw
BNm-cy¿ ]d-bp-∂X- v. Bfl-km-£m-XI v r-X\v F√mw H-tc-sbmcp
kXyw am{Xw. B A¿∞-Øn-emWv Kpcp kI-ehpw D≈Xp-
Xs∂ F∂p Dd-∏n-®p-]d - b
- p-∂X - .v
ImW-s∏-Sp-∂s - X√mw D≈-Xp-Xs- ∂. Ch-sb√mw C√m-Ø-
X-√. F√m-‰n\pwIqSn H‰ D◊tb D≈q. Aßs\ k¿h-Øn-
s‚bpw D◊ H∂m-sW∂p A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp∂ Bsf-bmWv
XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l≥ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂X - v. \mw XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-
l-\m-b-Xn-\p-tijw temI-Øn¬ Pohnbv-°p-tºmƒ kIe
A\p-`-h-ßfpw Aar-Xm-\p-`-h-ambn amdp-∂p. Ah\v _‘\w
D≠m-hp-Ib - n-√. H∂mbn Adn-bmsX kI-ehpw D≈Xp-Xs∂
F∂p hnNm-cn®v temI-t`m-Py-ßsf DÆm≥ t]mbm¬ hnj-b-
ßƒ t`m‡m-hns\ sIWn-bn¬ hogvØpw. Cu sIWn Hcp-
°n-h®- n-cn-°p-∂Xv amb-bm-Ip∂ h≥]-Ib - m-Wv. \nß-fn¬ Hcp
i{Xp \nßƒs°-Xnsc {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. \nßƒ sNbvX
GtXm Hcp sX‰n\v ]I ho´m-\p-≈ {ia-Øn-emWv AXv \ntj-
[m-fl-I-amb coXn-bn¬ \nß-fpsS I¿Ω-ßƒ°v Xncn-®Sn
\evIp-∂-Xv. thZm-¥Ø - n¬ am{X-a√ amb-bp-≈X - v. temIsØ
F√m aX-ß-fnepw Z¿i-\-ß-fnepw ambm-k-am-\-amb Hcp
XØzw ImWpw. kmØm-\mbpw C_n-eo-kmbpw Hs°.
sltK¬ F∂ Nn¥-I≥ CXns\ negativity F∂mWv hnfn-
®-X.v Cu \ntj-[m-flI - a- mb amb h∂m¬ \m\m-Xz-_p-≤n-bmWv
]ns∂ {]h¿Øn-°p--I. ]e-]e ck-ßfpw ]e-]e XmXv]c - y-
ßfpw Bk-‡nbpw shdp∏pw F√mw IqSn-°e - ¿∂v a\p-jy-Po-
hnXw Xmdp-am-dm-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Bflm-hns\ AI-ap-J-
ambv Adn-tb-≠n-hc- p-∂X - .v _¿Kvks‚ XØz-Nn-¥b - nse intuition
\pw AI-ap-Ja- mbn Adn-bp-∂Xpw Htc Adn-hp-Xs - ∂-bm-W.v GI-
Xz-{K-lW - p-≤n-bn-eq-sS-bmWv intuition k
- _ - w-`h
- n-°p-∂X - .v F√mw
H∂mbn Adn-bp-I. H∂mbn B\-µn-°p-I.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 195
89
Adn-hn-en-cp∂k-Z-kvXn-sb-∂-kwJyw
s]mcn-bn-f-In-`p-h\w kv^pcn-°-bmte
Adn-hns\ hns´mcp hkvXp-h-\y-an-s√˛
∂dn-b-W-ao-b-dn-ssh-I-cq-]y-ta-Ipw.
Adn-hn-en-cp∂v ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hn-en-cp∂v

AkZv AkvXn F∂v ˛ C√˛˛D≠v F∂v Htc-k-abw
tXm∂-Ø° hn[-Øn¬
AkwJyw ˛ FÆ-a‰
s]mcn CfIn ˛ Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ Cf-In-sØ-dn®v
`ph\w ˛ {]]©w
kv^pcn-°-bmte ˛ {]Xo-X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Adn-hns\ hn´v ˛ Adn-hn¬\n∂pw thdn´
Hcp hkvXp A\y-an-s√∂v ˛ thsdmcp kØ Cs√∂v
Adn-bWw ˛ t_m[y-s∏-S-Ww.
Cu Adnhv ˛ Cß-s\-bp-≈ ⁄m\w
sFI-cq-]y-taIpw ˛ k¿hm-fl-⁄m\w \¬Ipw
H tc XØzw Xs∂-bmWv ]e-hn[ ZrjvSm-¥ß

km[-Il - r-Zb
- Ø- n¬ ]Xn-bØ- °- h
- f
- n[w Bhn-jvIc
Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp t«mIw thsdmcp t«mI-Øn\p ]Icw
- n-eqsS Kpcp
- n-°p-∂-
hbv°m\pw Bhp-∂X - √
- . AXns‚ coXn-hn-[m-\Ø - n-\pw (meth-
odology) ho£-Wt - Im-Wn\pw hyXym-ka - p-≠.v km[m-cW - °- msc
kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw Adnhv F∂ hm°v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ a\-
n¬ ]Xn-™p-t]mb Iptd cqVy¿∞-ßf - mWv s]m¥n-hc - n-
I. F∂m¬ CXp-hsc \mw a\- n-em-°n-b A¿∞-Øn-sem-
∂p-a√ Kpcp Adn-sh∂v {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂X - v. Cw•ojp `mj-bn¬
consciousness F∂v GXm-s≠ms° ASp-Øp-hcm-hp∂ Hcp
kw⁄ sIm≠mWv Adn-hns\ samgn-am-dp-∂X - v. ]m›m-Xy¿°v
Cu hm°v Ah-cp-tS-Xm-b A¿∞-I-ev]-\-I-fn-eq-sS am{Xta
Btflm]tZiiXIw 196
a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ t_m[w,
NnXv, kwhnXv, {]⁄ F∂ kw⁄-Iƒ Adn-hn\v ]Icw
hbv°m-dp-≠v. Adnhv F∂ ]® ae-bm-fØ - ns‚ am[pcyw thsd
Hcp ]Z-Øn\pw In´p-Ib- n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv C{X-am-{Xw hni-
Zo-Ic
- W
- hpw hn]p-e\
- hpw Adn-hn\vv \¬tI≠nhcp-∂X - v.
A·n-IpWvUw I≠n-ńt√? AXn¬\n∂pw Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ
NnX-dn-sØ-dn-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se-bmWv Adnhv A\p-`h - ß- f
- n-eqsS
{]Xo-Xa - m-Ip-∂X - v. B {]Xo-XnIfmIs´ £Wt\cw am{Xta
\ne-\ne-\n¬°p-∂p-ff - q. Hcp Xos∏mcn Ipd-®p-t\cw hmbp-hn¬
Xßn-\n∂v Nmc-ambnØocp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ak-Zv-
˛AkvXn, C√˛D≠v F∂ `mhm-`mhm\p-`h - ß- f
- n¬ AkwJyw
Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ Cf-InsØ-dn®v `ph\w kv^pcn-°p-∂Xv F∂p
Kpcp ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Htc-ka - b
- w-Xs∂ kZv`m-hhpw Ak-
Zv`m-hhpw temI-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Adn-hv
kØpw NnØpw B\-µh - p-am-Wv. AXn\v A`m-ha - n-√. B Adn-
hn¬\n∂mWv kØpw AkØpw IqSn-°e - ¿∂ `ph\w Pzen-
°p-∂-Xv. ag-bp-≠v-˛-a-g-bn√ F∂ c≠v A\p-`-h-ßƒt]mse
kIe C{µn-b-h-kvXp-°-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw `mhm-`m-h-ßƒ
{]k-‡a - m-Wv. CXn\v Imc-Wa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv amb-bm-Wv. amb
Adn-hn¬ \nln-Xa - m-Wv. F∂m¬ Adnhv amb-bm¬ A_m-[n-
XamWv. ambsb D√w-Ln-®p--Xs∂ Adn-hn\v \ne-\n¬°p-hm≥
Ign-bpw.
Poh-\nse Ahn-Zy-bmWv temIw Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw
apd-amdn {]I-Sa - m-°p-∂X - v. hnizm-khpw Ahn-izm-khpw, Hm¿
Ωbpw ad-hnbpw, DW¿hpw Dd-°hpw F√mw amb-bpsS hcp-Xn-
bn¬ hcp-∂X - m-Wv. F∂m¬ Adn-hns‚ tIh-ek - z-cq-]Ø
- n¬
Cu Zzµzm-\p-`h- ß - f - n¬ \ns∂ms° hnap-‡n-bp-≠v. Adn-hns\
hns´mcp hkvXpA\y-an-s√∂v A-dn-bW - w. F∂m¬ am{Xta
\m\m- hkvXp-°f - nepw Pohn-If - nepw sFIy-Øns‚ {]Im-i-
[m-csb hnf-°n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. Xs‚Xs∂
Bflm-hns\ F√m-‰nepw ImWp∂ A\p-`h - a
- m-WX- v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 197
90
A\r-X-sam-c-kvXn-Xtb ad-bv°p-I-ns√˛
∂\p-`-h-ap≠p kZ-kvXn-sb-∂n-hÆw
A\p-]-Z-a-kvXn-X-bm-en-Xm-hrXw kZv˛
L\-a-Xn-\mse Itf-_-cm-Zn-Im-cyw.
A\r-Xw ˛ AkXyw
Hc-kvXn-Xsb ad-bv°p-In√ ˛ kXysØ ad-bv°p-I-bn√.
kZv AkvXn F∂n-hÆw ˛ D≠v D≠v F∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈
F∂ A\p-`hw D≠v ˛ A\p-`hw Gh¿°pap≈-XmW.v
A\p-]Zw ˛ Hmtcm A\p-`-hhpw
AkvXn-Xb - m¬ ˛ D◊-bm¬
CXm-hrXw ˛ \nd-hp≈-XmW.v
AXn-\mse ˛ AXp-sIm≠v
Itf-_-cmZn Imcyw ˛ icocw XpS-ßnb Imcy-{]-]©w
kZvL\w ˛ kØn-\m¬ hym]vX-am-Wv.
H cp I≈w ]d-™m¬ B I≈w s]mfn-bm-Xn-cn-°W

\nc-¥cw \pW-Iƒ ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. F∂mepw
kXyw Fs∂-¶nepw Xe \oń ]pd-Øp-hc
- s- a-¶n¬
- m-Xn-cn-°n-√. kXyw
F{X ad-®p-h® - mepw adt™ Ccn-°p-∂p-ff - q, C√m-XmbnØocp-
∂n-√. \Ω-psS kmaq-ln-IX - bpw aXhpw hnZym-`ym-khpw amaq-
ep-Ifpw F√mw Gsd-°p-sd-sbms° I≈-\m-Wb - ß- f- m-Wv. Cu
hymP-Po-hn-XØ- ns‚ ]cn-cw-`W - Ø
- n¬s∏ń-cn-°p∂ km[m-cW - -
a-\p-jy\v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw kXy-Øns‚ Hcp t\¿Ø A\p-`hw
D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-Ib- n-√. AtXmsS At±-lw kXysØ ]q¿ÆX
tbmsS Adn-bm≥ th≠n-bp-≈ {iaw Bcw-`n-°pw.
Ccp-f-S™ K¿Ø-ß-fn-eqsS \S-∂p-\o-ßp∂ P\m-h-en-
sb -t\m°n tbip ]d™p: ""\nßƒ temI-Øns‚ shfn-®-
am-Wv. ae-ap-I-fn¬ ]WnX Hcp \K-csØ H∂p-sIm≠pw ad-
®p-h-bv°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.'' \mw F{X \ntj-[n-®mepw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 198
\Ωn¬ a-d™n-cn-°p∂ kXysØ Fß-s\-bmWv C√m-Xm-
°m≥ Ign-bpI? ""Rm≥ C√, Rm≥ C√'' Fs∂m-cmƒ hnfn-
®p-]d
- ™
- m¬ Abmƒ C√m-Xm-Iptam? ""Rm≥ A⁄m-\n-bm-
Wv, Rm≥ A⁄m-\n-bmWv'' F∂p ]d-™m¬ Abmƒ
A⁄m- \ nbm- I ptam? ⁄m\w- s Im- ≠ t√ Abm- f Xv ]d-
bp∂Xv? ⁄m\-an-√m-™m¬ Fß-s\-bmWv Abmƒ A⁄m-
\n-bm-sW∂v Adn-bpI? AXp-sIm≠v kØsb Hcn-°epw
AkXywsIm≠p ad-bv°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. kXyw imiz-X-
am-Wv. A\rXw Aim-iz-X-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Hmtcm A\p-`-h-
Ønepw \nd-™n-cn-°p∂ D◊Xs∂-bmWv F√m {]m]-©n-I-
h-kvXp-°f
- nepw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂X- v. AXn-s\-bmWv kZvL\w
F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - v. a\p-jy\pw Dc-Kß - fpw ]£n-Ifpw arK-
ßfpw ama-eI- fpw aÆpw hnÆpw F√mw kZvL\ - a
- m-Wv. kZvL-
\-ambn Adn-bp-tºm-gmWv At\-IX - I- ƒ Xntcm-`h - n-°p-∂X
- v.
{]]-©-Ønse Hmtcm hkvXp-hnepw Bfl-mhns‚ D◊
shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Bflm-hns‚ kzcq-]-e£WamWv kØpw
NnØpw B\-µ-hpw. hyhlm-c-Øn¬ AkvXn, `mXn, {]nb-am-
bmWv k®n-Zm-\µw {]Imin-°p-∂-Xv. ]pkvX-I-ap≠v F∂
hmIy-Øn¬ D≠v F∂Xv ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ AkvXn-X-sb-
bmWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ]pkvX-IsØ ImWp∂p F∂
hmIy-Øn¬ NnØv `m\w sNøp-I-bm-Wv. ]pkvX-IsØ CjvS-
s∏-Sp∂p F∂ kµ¿`-Øn¬ B\µw {]nbm-{]n-b-ß-fmbn
A\p-`q-Xa- m-Ip-∂p. \ma-cq-]ß
- f
- n¬ {_“-Øns‚ kzcq]w `mKn-
I-ambn {]Im-in-°p-∂p-≠v. \ma-cq-]-ßƒ A\r-X-ß-fm-sW-
¶nepw AkvXn-Xsb ]q¿Æ-ambn hyh-lm-c-Øn¬t]mepw
ad-bv°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂ A\p-`-hw \ap-t°-h¿°p-
ap-≠v. icocw apX¬ kIe {]m]-©n-I-h-kvXp-°fpw hnNmcw
sNbvXm¬ kZvL-\-am-sW∂p t_m[y-s∏-Spw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 199
91
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w
\nb-X-hp-a-ßs\ Xs∂ \nev°-bmte
{]nb-a-P-a-hy-b-a-{]-ta-b-ta-Im˛
Zzb-an-Xp-Xm≥ kpJ-am¿∂p \n∂n-Sp∂p.
{]nb-hn-jbw {]Xn ˛ kpJ-ap-≠m-°p∂ hnjbw

t\Sm-\mbn
sNbvXnSpw {]bXv\w ˛ \mw {]bXv\w sNøp∂p.
\nb-Xhpw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
Aß-s\-Xs∂ ˛ kpJw-tX-Sp∂ hy{KX
\n¬°-bmte ˛ \ne-\n¬°pw.
{]nbw ˛ {]nbw
APw ˛ AXv P\n°m-Ø-XmWv.
Ahybw ˛ AXv \mi-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.
A{]-tabw ˛ AXv Adn-hn\v hnj-ba- m-hm-ØX
- mWv.
GIm-Zzbw ˛ AXv GIhpw AZz-b-hp-amWv.
CXp-Xm≥ ˛ Cu {]nbw Xs∂-bmWv
kpJ-am¿∂p \n∂n-Sp∂p ˛ B\-µ-kz-cq-]ambn \n¬°p-∂-Xv.
a \p-jy≥ kzXth Hcp kpJm-t\z-jn-bm-Wv. kpJ-Øns‚

Ipd-hmWv kXysØ Adn-bm≥t]mepw Ahs\ t{]cn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv. kpJw _mly-hn-j-b-ß-fn-em-sW-∂mWv Hmtcm-cp-
Øcpw s]mXpth [cn-®p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv ÿqe-Zr-°p-I-
fpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Ipd-®p-IqSn kq£va-X-bn-te°v Xnc-
™p-t]m-b-h¿°v am\-kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ kpJw Is≠-Øm≥
Ign-bm-dp-≠v. c≠p {]IrX-°mcpw sX‰mb hgn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv
kpJw tXSn Ae-bp-∂-Xv. temI-hn-j-b-ßƒ°v \mi-ap-≈-
Xp-t]mse am\-kn-I-hym-]m-c-ßƒ°pw NypXn hcmw. \mi-h-
kvXp-°f - n¬ imiz-Xk
- pJw Xnc-bp-∂X
- mWv a\p-jys‚ G‰hpw
henb _p≤n-hn-]-cy-bw. \mw At\z-jn-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬
Btflm]tZiiXIw 200
\n∂pw imiz-X-kpJw e`n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \mw \ncm-icpw
lXm-ic
- p-am-Ipw. kpJm-t\z-jWw ZpxJ-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-∂Xv
Aßs\-bmWv.
hni∏v Hcp ZpxJ-am-Wv. t]mj-WØ - ns‚ A`m-ha - mWv hni-
∏v. B ZpxJsØ \nhm-cWw sNøp-hm\mWv A∂w Xnc-bp-
∂Xv. hni-∏S- ß - n-bm¬ kpJ-ap-≠m-bn. At∏mƒ Ah≥ IcpXpw
A∂-Øn-emWv kpJw Ccn-°p-∂s - X-∂v. IqSp-X¬ A∂w Ign-
®m¬ Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ kpJw Int´-≠X -- t√?
AsXm-cn-°epw kw`hn-°p-∂n-√. Hcm-fpsS CjvSh - k- vXp-hmb
]m¬]mbkw ]Øp •ms -¶nepw \n¿_-‘n®p IpSn-∏n-®m¬
Abmƒ°v AXn-t\mSv sNSn∏v hcpw. ]mbkw kpJ-hk - vXp-
hm-bn-cn-°p-s∂-¶n¬ Fßs\-bmWv AXv sNSn-∏mbn ]cn-W-
an-°p-∂-Xv? \mw hnj-b-ß-fn-encn-°p∂ \Ω-psS {]nb-Xsb
[ym\m-flI - a- mbn aqey-hn-th-N\w \SØn t\m°nbm¬ {]nb-
Øns‚ t{kmX v hnj-b-ßf-s√∂v t_m[y-s∏-Spw. Bflm-
hmWv {]nb-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ t{kmX v.
B¿°mWv kpJw th≠m-ØXv? F∂m¬ £Wn-I
kpJsØ imiz-XkpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n hnth-In-If - m-bh - ¿ XyPn-
°m-dp-≠v. XyPn-°ptºmgpw kpJm-t\z-jWw \nb-Xa - m-bn XpS-
cp∂p. {]nb-hkvXp \nXy-amb B\-µsØ {]Zm\w sNømØn -
S-tØmfw At\z-jWØns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWw \o≠p-\o≠p
t]mIp-∂p. Bflm-hn¬ am{Xta \nXym\µap≈q. Bflm-\µw
AP-am-Wv. AXv Fs∂-¶nepw D≠m-bX√. D≠m-Im-ØX - v \in-
°p∂ {]ivan-√. P\-\hpw hn\m-ihpw IqSmsX B\µw {]Im-
in-°p-∂p. a[p-ca - p-≈ ]mbkw IpSn-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se-b√ Bflm-
\µw. ]mbkw Hcp hnj-ba - m-Wv. ck-\b- n-eq-sS-bmWv AX-dn-
bp-∂X - v. Bflm-\µw Hcp hnj-ba - √
- m-ØX - n-\m¬ A{]-ta-ba - m-
Wv. C{µn-ba\- pIƒsIm≠v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-√. hnj-b-
kp-Jß - ƒ At\-Ia - m-sW-¶nepw Bfl-kpJw GI-hpw AZz-b-
hp-am-Wv. Cu B\-µk - z-cq-]t- a¥n \mw \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ
kw^p-√a - m-t°-≠X - p-≠v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 201
92
hyb-a-W-bmsX shfn°p the sNøpw
\nbaan-cn-∏-Xp-sIm≠p \nXy-amIpw
{]nb-a-Ita ]ncn-bm-sX-bp-≠n-Xn-∂o
{Inb-sbmcp tIhe_mly-enw-K-amIpw.
hyba-Wb
- msX ˛ hncm-a-an-√msX
shfn°p the sNøpw ˛ _mly-ambn I¿Ωw sNbvXp-
sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-I
\nbaw ˛ F∂ \nbaw
Ccn-∏-XpsIm≠v ˛ D≈-Xp-Im-cWw
\nXy-amIpw {]nbw ˛ \nXy-amb B\µw
AIta ]ncn-bmsXbp≠v ˛ \Ωn¬Xs∂ A¥cÿ-ambn
Ccn-°p-∂p-≠v.
CXn∂v ˛ Cu Bflm-\-µ-Øn\v
Cu {Inb ˛ _mly-ambn sNøp∂ {Inb-Iƒ
Hcp _mly-enw-K-amIpw ˛ _mlyamb AS-bm-fß - ƒ am{X-amIpw
C Xp-h-sc- \mw t]dn-\-S-∂n-cp∂ F√m ap≥[m-c-W-I-tfbpw

XInSw adn-bv°p∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-ØemWv ""{]nbw AIta
]ncn-bmsXbp≠v'' F∂p-≈-Xv. {]nbw F∂m¬ B\-µw. Cu
kXyw t_m[y-s∏-´m¬ ZpxJ-sØ-°p-dn®v IhnX Fgp-Xn-b-
h¿°pw IY-Iƒ IYn®-h¿°pw Z¿i-\-ßƒ Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-®-
h¿°pw \n¬°-°≈ - n-bn-√msX \´w Xncn-tb≠n hcpw. \mw
B\-µa - m-W,v ZpxJ-a√
- . ""Bflm-hn¬ Zcn-{Z-cm-bh- ¿ `mKy-hm-∑m¿''
F∂mWv tbip ]d-™X - v. Kpcp kuay-ambn AXv Xncp-Øp-
∂p: Bflm-hn\p Zmcn-{Zy-an-√. Bflmhv alm-kº - ∂
- am-W.v [\y-
Xbpw IrXm¿∞-Xbpw Bflm-hmWv. Zmcn{ZysØ Hcp `mKy-
ambn Icp-Xp-∂Xv {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-amb Z¿i-\-am-Wv. {]IrXn
apgp-h≥ hk-¥-k-ao-c-W-\n¬ ]qh-Wn-bp-tºmƒ ]qØp-ºn-
Iƒ Xp≈n-°f - n-°p-Ibpw a[p-a£ - n-II
- ƒ aqfn-∏m´p ]mSp-Ibpw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 202
tImIn-eß- ƒ ImIfn ]mSp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ BflZmcn-{Zy-
ap-≈h
- ¿ KZvKZw s]mgn-°p-∂Xv DØ-aa - mb Z¿i-\a - m-bn-cn-°n-
√. F√m krjvSn-Ifpw B\-µØ - n¬\n∂mWv {]`hn-°p-∂X - v.
kv{Xo]p-cpj-kwtbmKw B\-µa - q¿—-bn-emWv Iem-in-°p-∂X - v.
ZpxJw Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈ I¿Ω-t{]-cW - I- ƒt]mepw hnc¬ Nq≠p-
∂Xv ZpxJw \ΩpsS kl-P{- ]-Ir-Xn-b√ F∂m-Wv. ""B\-µ-
tah [ymb¥n k¿th ZpxJw \ I›-\.'' ˛ B\-µa - mWv kI-
ecpw [ym\n-°p-∂X - v, ZpxJsØ Bcpw [ym\n-°p-∂n√ F∂v
Kpcp A]-hm-ZZ- ¿\-Øn¬ kv]jvSa - m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. a\p-jy-cpsS
Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-a√, Poh-Pm-e-ß-fnepw kpJ-Øn-\p-th-≠n-
bp≈ hyba-Wb - mØ I¿Ω-hym-]m-cß - ƒ ImWmw.
Hcp \¿ØIn \rØ-am-Sp-tºmƒ Ag-Im¿∂ AwK-N-e\-
ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ah-fpsS \b-\-ß-fnepw apJØpw ]cn-tim-
`n-X-am-b {]km-Zm-fl-I-X-bn¬\n∂pw Hs° \mw a\- n-em-
°p-∂Xv, D≈n-en-cn-°p∂ B\-µ-amWv ]pdsØ Xp≈n-Øp-
fp-º-ep-I-fmbn amdp-∂-sX-∂m-Wv. AIta ]nc-bm-sX-bp≈
B\-µ-Øn¬\n∂v PohnXw hgn-s™m-gp-Ip-tºmƒ kºq¿Æ
Ie-bmbn PohnXw amdn-a-dn-bp-∂p.
F√m-h-cp-tSbpw D≈n¬ \nXy-amb B\µw Bfl-k-Ø-
bn¬\n∂pw ]ncn-bmsX Ccn-°p-∂p-≠v. \mw sNøp∂ {Inb-
I-sf√mw AXns‚ _mly-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-ßƒ am{X-am-
Wv. Nn{X-Im-c≥ Nn{Xw hc-°p-∂Xpw I¿j-I≥ hb-en¬
hnØn-d-°p∂Xpw inev]n ac-Øn¬ sImØp-∂Xpw Fgp-Øp-
Im-c≥ kmln-Xy-ßƒ Ipdn®n-Sp-∂Xpw F√mw B\-µ-Øns‚
_mly-enw-Kß
- f - m-W.v ""k¿hw ln k®n-Zm-\µw t\l \m\mkvXn
In©\.'' F√mw k®n-Zm-\µw am{Xw. thsd H∂pw ChnsSbn√.
CXmWv Kpcp-hns‚ Z¿i-\w.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 203
93
Ne-ap-S-e‰ X\n°p Xs‚-bm-flm˛
hnep-a-[nIw {]nb-h-kvXp-hn-√-b\yw
hne-kn-Sp-am-fl-KXw {]nbw hnSmXo
\ne-bn-en-cn-∏-Xp-sIm≠p \nXy-amflm.
New DS¬ A‰ ˛ am‰-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-Ip∂

ico-c-tØmSp XmZm-fly-w hn´
X-\n°v ˛ Hcp-h\v
Xs‚ Bflm-hnepw ˛ Xs‚ Bflm-hn-t\-°mƒ
A[nIw {]nb-hkvXp ˛ A[nIw {]nb-s∏-´- hkvXp
A\y-w C√ ˛ as‰-hn-sSbpw C√.
hne-knSpw ˛ kv]jvS-ambn A\p-`-hs∏Sp∂
Bfl-K-X-{]nbw ˛ Bflm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈ {]nbw
hnSmsX ˛ hn´p-t]m-ImsX
Cu \ne-bn¬ ˛ CtX \ne-bn¬Xs∂
Ccn-∏-Xp-sIm≠v ˛ XpS-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
Bflm \nXyw ˛ Bflmhv \nXy-amWv.
i cocw am‰-Øn\p hnt[-ba - m-Wv. Hcp inip-hm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ

icocw \t∂ arZphpw Zp¿_-e-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬
B DS¬X-s∂-bmWv _mey-Øn-eq-sSbpw Iuam-cØ - n-eq-sSbpw
buh-\Ø - n-eqsSbpw hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-Wa - n-°p∂-Xv.
ico-cØ- ns‚ am‰-ßf - p-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏-´m¬ kpJ-Zpx-Jß - ƒ
amdn-amdn h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.
{io_p-≤s‚ ASpØv Hcp bphXn Xs‚ Ip™n-s‚ ih-
i-co-ch
- p-ambn FØn. Ahƒ tIWp-Ic - ™
- p- sIm≠v {io_p-≤-
t\mSv At]-£n®p: ""Fs‚ Htc-sbmcp Ip™v acn-®p-t]m-bn.
F\n-°n\n Bcp-an-√. Atß°p am{Xta Fs‚ Ip™n\v
]p\¿P∑w \¬Im-\m-hq.'' {io_p≤≥ bp-hX - nsb t\m°n. Ah-
fpsS ssZ\y-Xb - n¬ Aenhp tXm∂nb _p≤-`K - h
- m≥ ]d-™p:
Btflm]tZiiXIw 204
""Rm≥ \ns∂ klm-bn-°mw. AXn-\mbn Hcp ISp-Ip-aWn
hmßn-s°m≠p hcWw. Bcpw acn-°mØ hoń¬\n-∂m-bn-cn-
°Ww AXv sIm≠p-hc
- p-hm≥.''
Iri-Ku-Xan F∂mWv B bph-Xn-bpsS t]cv. Ahƒ
Ip™ns\ _p≤s‚ ]mZ-ßf - n¬ InSØn. ISp-Ip-aWn sIm≠p
hcm\mbn HmSn. BZyw I≠ hoń¬ Ibdn. AhnsS ISp-Ip-≠.v
]t£, B Krl-\m-Ys‚ A—≥ Ipd-®p-\m-fp-Iƒ°p-ap-ºmWv
acn-®Xv. k‘y-bm-Ip-thmfw hoSp-IƒtXmdpw Ib-dn-bn-dß - n-bn´pw
Bcpw acn-°mØ hoń-¬\n∂pw KuX-an°v ISp-Ip-aWn Inń-bn-
√. Ahƒ°p a\- n-embn F√m- hoSp-If - nepw D‰-h¿ Bsc-
¶nepw acn®n-´ps≠-∂;v Xs‚ Ip™v am{X-a√ acn-®sX∂v. Ah-
fpsS D≈n¬ hnth-IØ - ns‚ Xnf-°w A\p-`h - s
- ∏-´p. kzm`m-hn-
I-amb Hcp {]im¥n Dudn-°q-Sn. Ahƒ Xncn-®p-h∂v _p≤s‚
Im¬°¬ InS-Øn-bn-cp∂ Ip™ns\ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]mbn
kwkvIc - n-®p. ]n∂oSv {io_p-≤s‚ injy-bmbn.
DS-en-t\m-Sp≈ {]nbw Gdn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Ahƒ°v
ZpxJw D≠m-b-Xv. AXn-\p-]cn Hcp kXyw Ds≠∂v Ahƒ°v
t_m[y-s∏-´p. Bflm-hn¬ {]nbw P\n-®m¬ am{Xta DS-en-
t\m-Sp-≈ cmKw A‰p-t]m-hp-Ib- p-≈q. hncmKX ASn-t®¬∏n°m-
sX-Xs∂ Bflm-hn-ep-≈ {]nbw hnI-kn-∏n-°Ww. Bflmhv
{]nb-Øns‚ Ccn-∏n-S-am-Wv. _rl-Zmc-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-Øn¬
bm⁄-he - vIy≥ ssat{X-bn-tbmSp ]d-bp∂p: ""`mcy `¿Øm-
hns\ kvt\ln-°p-∂Xpw `¿Ømhv `mcysb kvt\ln-°p-∂Xpw
Bflm-hn-ep-≈ {]nbw-sIm-≠m-Wv.'' Bflm-hn¬ {]nbw P\n-
®m¬ H∂nt\mSpw shdp∏p tXm∂p-Ib - n√.
tbip ]d™p: ""\ns∂-t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-ct- \bpw
kvt\ln-°p-I.'' Ab¬°mc≥ Fs‚ Bflm-hmbn hc-Ww.
Rm≥ Fs∂ kv t \ln- ° p- ∂ - X p- t ]m- s e Ab¬°m- c s\
kvt\ln-°Ww. Bflm-hn-ep-≈ {]nbw DW¿∂mte B
kvt\lw ]q¿Æ-am-Iq. ssZhw kvt\l-am-sW∂v tbip ]d-
bp-∂p. F∂m¬ Kpcp Bflm-hn-en-cn-°p∂ {]nbw Xs∂-bmWv
ssZhm-\p-`qXn F∂p hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 205
94
De-I-hp-ap-≈-Xp-am-bv°-e¿∂p \nev°pw
\ne hep-Xm-sbmcp \oXn-tI-Sn-Xt{X,
Adp-Xn-bn-Sm-\-cp-Xm-X-hm-Mva-t\m-tKm˛
Nc-an-Xn-seßp Ncn-®nSpw {]amWw?
De-Ihpw ˛ \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-amb temIhpw

D≈-Xp-ambn ˛ ]c-a-k-Xy-hp-ambn
Ie¿∂p-\nev°pw \ne ˛ H∂n®p Ie¿∂n-cn-°p∂ ÿnXn
hep-Xmb ˛ hfsc henb
Hcp \oXn-tI-Sn-X-t{X ˛ Hcp \oXn-tI-Sm-Wv, sshcp-≤y-amWv.
Adp-Xn-bn-Sm≥ Acp-XmX ˛ BZy-¥-\n-›bw hcp-Øm-\m-ImØ,
Ahm-Mvat- \m-tKm-Ncw ˛ hm°p-sIm≠p hnh-cn-°mt\m a\ p-
sIm≠p {Kln-°mt\m Ign-bmØ-
CXn¬ ˛ Cu Bflm-hn¬
Fßp Ncn-®nSpw {]amWw? ˛ Fßs\ {]am-W-ßƒ
{]h¿Øn°pw?
sh fn-®-ap-≈n-SØv Ccp-ń\p \n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. CXp

X¿°-a‰ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ shfn-®hpw Ccp´pw
H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂XmWv {]]-©{- ]-XoXn. Hcp hkvXp-hn\v _mly-
cq]w \evIp-∂Xv shfn-®w- am-{X-a√- , Ccp´pw IqSn- Ie¿∂m-Wv.
GXp cq]saSp-Ømepw AXn¬ Ccp´pw shfn-®hpap≠v. shfn-
®-Øns‚ A`m-ha - mWv Ccp-s´∂p ]d-bp-∂X- v. _mly-tem-IØv
shfn-®Ø- n¬ Ccp´v Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CsXmcp henb
sshcp-≤y-am-Wv. Ccp-´v Hcp kØ-b-√, shfn-®-Øns‚ A`m-
h-am-Wv. AXp-t]msebmWv \ma-cq-]m-fl-I-am-b temIhpw
Ak-Xy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. temIw BXy-¥n-I-am-b- k-Xy-hp-
ambn H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Zm¿i-\n-I-X-bn¬ hcp∂ Hcp sshcp-
≤y-am-Wv. AXn-s\bmWv Kpcp \oXn-tI-sS∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
Cu \oXn-tI-Sns\ Xo¿°p-hm≥ th≠n-bmWv F√m XØz-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 206
Nn-¥-Ifpw Z¿i-\-im-kv{X-ßfpw H∂-s√-¶n¬ thsd Xc-
Øn¬ {ian-°p-∂X- v. C∂pw Cu {]iv\w ]cn-lr-Xa
- m-bn-ń-√.
{]iv\w hy‡n-K-X-am-Wv.
{]iv\w F¥mWv? D◊bpw C√m-bvabpw H∂n-®n-cn-°p∂p
F∂XmWv {]iv\w. hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ kXy-Øn\v sshcp-≤y-an-
√. sshcp≤yw \Ωn-emWv Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. \Ω-psS sshcp-≤y-
amWv \mw kXy-Øn¬ Btcm-]n-°p-∂X - v. XØz-Nn-¥m-{K-l\v
sshcp-≤y-an-s√∂v Kpcp-Xs∂ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. hm°p-sImt≠m
a\- p-sImt≠m ]d-bp-hmt\m hnNm-cw-sN-øphmt\m Ign-bm-
Ø-XmWv Bfl-kX - y-Øns‚ \ne. Cßs\ hm°pw a\ pw
{]th-in-°mØ H∂n-s\-°p-dn®v Fßs\ Nn¥n-°m\pw ]d-
bm\pw Ignbpw?
F∂m¬ Cu {]tl-fn-I-sb°p-dn®v h¿j-ß-fmbn \mw
N¿hn-X-N¿hWw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pIbm-Wv. F∂n´pw
FhntSbpw FØn-bn-ń-√. {]am-W-ßƒ {]th-in-°m-Øn-SØv
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-km-≤y-X-t]mepw AkvX-an-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv.
Hmtcm XØzimkv{X-Øn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb {]am-W-ß-fp-
≠v. Nm¿hm-I\pw F∏n°yqd pw {]Xy-£sØ am{Xta
kXy-ambn FÆp-∂p-≈q. Ah¿ {]-Xy-£-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. Nne¿
A\p-am\tØbpw AXns‚IqsS Iq´pw. At∏mƒ I≠-Xns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A\p-am\w \SØn AXn-eq-sSbpw kXyw
Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°pw. a\ v Ncn-°mØnSØv A\p-am-\-
Øn-\v F¥v kmwK-Xy-am-Wp-≈Xv? D]-am-\w, i_vZw, A¿∞m-
]-Øn, A\p-]-e_v[n F∂o {]am-W-ßƒ IqSp-Xe - mbn thZm-
¥n- I ƒ D]- t bm- K n- ® p- t ]m- c m- d p- ≠ v . F∂m¬ Ahsb√mw
shdpw t\c-tºm-°p-Iƒ am{Xw. Bfl-k-Øbpw temIhpw
H∂n-®n-cn-°p∂ \ne Hcp A¤p-X-{]-Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. B {]Xn-
`m-ksØ B›-cy-`-cn-X-\mb Hcp inip-hn-s\-t∏mse I≠n-
cn-°m≥ am{Xta H°p-I-bp-≈q. \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. I≠n-
cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ a\ p IÆmSn t]mse-bm-I-Ww. AXn\v
AssZz-Xm-\p-`hw D≠m-I-Ww.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 207
95
hn]p-e-X-bm¿∂ hnt\m-Z-hnZy ambm˛
hyh-ln-X-bmbv hne-kp∂ hniz-hocyw
Ch-fn-h-fn-ß-h-Xo¿Æ-bm-bnSpw X˛
∂h-b-h-a-WvU-I-Sm-l-tIm-Sn-bmIpw.
hn]p-e-X-bm¿∂ ˛ A-Xn-cp-I-fn-√mØ
hnt\m-Z-hnZy ˛ B\-tµm-’-h-amWv
{]]-©-{]-Xn-`mkw
ambm-hy-hl
- n-Xb
- mbv ˛ amb-bm¬ Bhr-Xa- mbn
hne-kp∂ ˛ {]I-S-am-Ip∂
hniz-hocyw ˛ hniz-_oP-amWv
Chƒ ˛ Chƒ.
Chƒ Cßv ˛ Cu hniz-_oPw ChnsS
{]]-©-cq-]-Øn¬
Ah-Xo¿Æ-bm-bnSpw ˛ {]IS-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
X≥ Ah-bhw ˛ hniz-ho-cy-bmb amb-bpsS
Ah-bh - ß
- f- mWv
AWvU-I-Sm-l-tIm-Sn-bm-Ipw ˛ FÆ-a‰ £oc-]-Y-ßƒ.
cn kpJmhv F∂ imkv{X-⁄≥ Dancing Wuli Masters

Km Fs∂mcp {KŸ-sa-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠.v Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ At±lw
{]]©sØ Du¿÷-tc-Wp-°-fpsS kwL-\r-Øambn-´mWv
h¿Æn-°p-∂-Xv. kwL-SnX Du¿÷-]-S-e-sØ-bmWv wuli F∂
ssN\okv ]Zw-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂X - v. {^ntPm^v Im{]bpw
Du¿÷-\-S-\-ambn {]]-©sØ hymJym-\n-®n-´p-≠v. D]-\n-j-
Øns‚ ⁄m\-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-¬-\n-∂mWv Ch-sc√mw {]]-
©-Øns‚ eoem-hn-em-ksØ kzmwio-I-cn-®-Xv. Du¿÷-I-W-
ßƒ \rØw sNøp∂XmWv {]]©w F∂v B[p-\n-I-im-
kv{X⁄cpw ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ah¿ {]]-©-Øns‚ Ahym-Jym-
b-Xsb am\n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. {io\mcm-b-W-
Kpcp hniz-X-{¥sØ Hcp hnt\m-Z-hn-Zy-bm-bmWv FÆp-∂-Xv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 208
B hnt\m-Z-hn-Zy°v am\-ß-fn-√ (dimensionless). AXv hn]p-
eX-bm¿∂-Xm-Wv. B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ hymJym-\n-®p-X∂
hniz-Nn-{X-Øn\v \mev am\-ß-fm-Wp-f-f-Xv. \ofw, hoXn, Db-
cw, Ne\w F∂n-h-bmWv B \mep am\-ßƒ. F∂m¬ AXn-
cpI-fn-√mØ \S-cm-P-s‚ B\-tµm’hw `mc-X-Øns‚ ]pcm-
hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ shdptX ]d-™p-t]m-cp∂ Imev]-\n-I-X-b-√.
sNdnb AWp-hnepw _rl-Ømb BIm-i-Ønepw hniz-ho-
cy-Øns‚ ssNX-\y-kv^p-c-W-ap-≠v. hniz-ho-cy-Øns‚ X≈n-
®-sIm-≠mWv {]]-©-hn-em-kw kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.
hniz-ho-cysØ Chƒ F∂mWv Kpcp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Chƒ
F∂Xv kvss{XW-amb ]cm-a¿i-am-Wv. Chƒ Chs‚ i‡n-
bm-Wv. Chƒ Ch-\n¬\n∂pw A\-\y-bm-Wv. ambmi‡n-bm-
Wv Chƒ. i‡n inhs‚ hma-`m-K-am-sW∂v `mc-X-Øns‚
]ucm-Wn-I¿ Imhy-kv]¿iw \evIn Ah-X-cn-∏n°mdp-≠v.
i‡n ssN\-°m¿°v "bn≥' BWv. "bmßn'¬\n∂pw thdn-´-
X√ bn≥. Cu i‡n-sb-X-s∂-bmWv _¿Kvk¨ elan vital
F∂- ]Zw-sIm≠v D-t±-in-®Xv. {iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿
{_“sØ tZhn-bm-bn-´mWv Z¿in-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
Kpcp hniz-ho-cysØ Chƒ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ImWm-
hp∂ {]]©hpw AXn-\-∏p-d-Øp-≈Xpw Cu tZhnbpsS AwK-
hn-t£-]-ßƒ am{X-am-Wv. amb hnt£-]-i-‡n-sIm-≠mWv
temIsØ D≠m-°n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. ambm-i‡n-bpsS Ah-
b-h-ß-fmWv AWvU-I-Sm-lß-sf-√mw. amb Hcp tZh-X-b-√.
Hcp XØz-am-Wv. Ihn-I-fpsS `mj-bn¬ Ahƒ Ah≥ Fs∂-
√m-ap≈ kvss{XW-]u-cp-j-]-cm-a¿i-ß-sf√mw B\p-jw-Kn-
I-ambn IS∂p hcp-tºmgpw Kpcp-hns‚ kp\n-›n-X-amb
A¥¿KXw \mw a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ aXn.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 209
96
AWp-hp-aJ
- W
- U
v h- p-akvXn \mkvXn-sb-∂n˛
ßs\ hne-kp-∂n-cp-`m-K-ambn c≠pw
AW-bp-a-\-¥-c-akvXn \mkvXn-sb-∂o˛
b\p-`hhpw \ne-b‰p \n∂p-t]mIpw.
AWphpw ˛ sNdp-Xn¬ sNdpXpw

AJ-WvUhpw ˛ hep-Xn¬ hepXpw
AkvXn \mkvXn ˛ D◊bpw C√m-bvabpw
F∂n-ßs\ ˛ F∂Xc-Øn-ep≈ Zzµzßƒ
Ccp-`m-K-ambn ˛ c≠p hi-ßfn-embn
hne-kp∂p ˛ {]Xo-X-am-Ip-∂p.
c≠pw AWbpw ˛ Bflm-\p-`-hØn¬
Zzµz-ßƒ \in°pw.
A\-¥cw ˛ AXn\p-tijw
AkvXn \mkvXn ˛ Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw
F∂o A\p-`-hhpw ˛ F∂p≈ A\p-`-hßfpw
\ne-b‰p \n∂p-t]mIpw ˛ \ne-\n-¬°m-\m-ImsX
A{]-Xy-£-amIpw.
G ‰hpw sNdnb IW-sØ-bmWv AWp F∂p ]d-bp-∂X

G‰hpw hep-Xn-s\-bmWv AJWvUw F∂p ]d-bp-∂X
AWp-hns\ ]nf¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AJ-WvU-Øn\v
- v.
- v.
A∏pdw thsd H∂p-an-√. At\Iw AWp-°ƒ tN¿∂mWv

{]]-©Ø - nse Hmtcm hkvXphpw D≠m-bn-´p-≈X - v. kakvX
hkvXp-°fpw H∂n-°ptºmƒ AXv AJ-WvU-am-bn. Bfl-
kXyw Htc-ka - bw sNdp-Xnepw sNdpXpw, hep-Xnepw hep-Xp-
am-Wv. ""AtWm-c-Wo-bm≥ altXmalobm≥.'' Bflmhv
kp£vaØ - nepw kp£vaa- mWv ÿqe-Ønepw ÿqe-amWv F∂v
ItTm-]-\n-jØv hnfw-_cw sNøp-∂p. AXv Al-¥b - psS cq]-
sa-SpØv k¶p-Nn-Xa- mbn s]cp-am-dm-dp-≠v. Al¥ AWpXzw
Btflm]tZiiXIw 210
ssIh-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv k¶p-NnXXzw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Xs‚
hy‡n-K-X-amb kpJ-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw Pohn-°p-∂n-SØv
Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw \nIr-jvSa
- mb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øn-te°v Xmgp-
I-bmWv sNøp-∂X - .v F∂m¬ k¶p-Nn-Xa- mb a\- ns\ If™v
hnizsØ apgp-h≥ kvt\ln-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ AJ-WvUt- _m-
[-am-bn-Øo-cp-hm\pw \ap°p Ign-bpw.
{]]©w ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw Npcp-ßn-b Ah-ÿ-bn¬
\n∂mWv almhn-kvt^m-S\w D≠m-b-Xv. s]mń-sØ-dn® {]]-
©-amWv Ct∏mƒ A\-¥-X-bn-te°v hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. hnImkw˛kt¶mNw F∂nh {]]-©Øn\pw Poh\pw
Htct]mse kw`-hn-°p-∂p-s≠∂v B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-ßfpw
kzoI-cn® \ne-]m-Sm-Wv. D≈n-s‚-bp-≈n¬ Npcp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-
tºmƒ \Ωfpw s]mń-sØ-dn-°mdp-≠v. \Ω-fpsS s]mń-sØdn
t{Im[m-th-i-Øn-emWv ]cn-W-an-°p-I. AtX-t]m-se-X-s∂-
bmWv a\ v D◊-bp-tSbpw C√m-bva-bp-tSbpw {[ph-ß-fn¬
Xń De-bp-∂-Xv. D◊ {]Xym-im-P-\-I-am-Wv. C√mbva \ncm-
im-P-\-I-am-Wv. C√mbva A`mh-am-sW-¶n¬ D◊ `mh-am-Wv.
Zzµz-ßƒ a\- ns‚ krjvSn-bm-Wv. ⁄m\w ssIh-cp-tºmƒ
Zzµz-ßƒ apc-S‰- p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw B[m-ck
- Xyw {]Im-in-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw. AXmWv \n¿hm-Ww.
AWp-hpw-˛A- J- W- vUh - pw, AkvXnbpw-˛\
- m-kvXnbpw tXm∂-
ep-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. Ch sI´p-t]m-Ipw. IØn-°m-fp∂ Xo sISp-
∂-Xp-t]m-se. Aßs\ sI´p-t]m-Ip∂Xns\-bmWv \n¿hmWw
F∂v _p≤≥ ]d-™X - v. At∏mƒ a\- ns‚ {[ph-ßƒ°n-S-
bn-ep-≈ Btµm-f\w \ne-bv°p∂p. Ima-\-Iƒ HSp-ßp-∂p.
\n¿hmWw D◊tbm C√m-bvatbm A√. AXp sNdptXm
heptXm A√. AXp hmK-Xo-Xa - mb A\p-`h- a
- m-Wv. {]]-©{- ]-
Xo-Xn-I-sf√mw \ne-bn-√msX \n∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Cu A\p-`-h-
km-I-eysØ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°m-\mWv Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS
Kpcp {ian-°p-∂X- v.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 211
97
AWp-h-dn-hn≥ aln-am-hn-ew-K-an-√m˛
XW-bp-a-J-WvU-hp-a∂p ]q¿Æ-amIpw
A\p-`-hn-bm-X-dn-ho-e-J-WvUamw NnZv˛
L\-anXp au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw
AWp ˛ Poh≥
Adn-hn≥ ˛ tIh-e-amb Adn-hns‚
aln-am-hn¬ ˛ al-X-z-Øn¬
AwK-an-√msX ˛ imco-cn-IX A‰p-t]mbn
AWbpw ˛ hnebw {]m]n°pw.
AJ-WvUhpw A∂v ˛ AJ-WvUkXyw At∏mƒ
]q¿Æ-amIpw ˛ ]q¿Æ-Xsb {]m]n°pw.
A\p-`-hn-bmsX Adn-hoe ˛ kzm\p-`qXn hcmsX CX-dn-bn√.
AJ-WvUamw ˛ AJ-WvUa- mb
NnZvL-\-anXv ˛ NnZvL-\-am-Wv Cu A\p-`hw.
au\-L-\m-ar-Xm-_v[n-bmIpw˛ au\w L\o-`q-X-amb Aar-X-
km-K-c-am-Wv Cu A\p-`hw.
I S¬°-c-bnse ]p¬s°m-Sn-bn¬ Xßn-\n-∂n-cp∂ Pe-

IWw IS-en¬ hoWp. AXv IS-embn amdn. PeIW-
Øn\p IS-em-Ip-hm≥ Hcp s\mSn aXn. ]t£, Hcp-]m-Sv ImØn-
cp-∂n-´p-thWw IS-e-W-bp-hm≥. AWp-hmb Poh≥ F{X-
sb{X k©-cn-®mWv Bflm-hns‚ Xoc-sØ-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. B aln-X-hn-im-e-Xsb I≠-t∏mƒ Pohs‚ D≈n-s‚-bp-
≈n¬\n∂v Hcp kzcw h∂p. \ns‚ Dd-hn-SamWv Cu A\-¥-
X-. Cu A\-¥-X-bn¬ Aen-bm-\mWv \o P\n-®-Xv. AXmWv
\ns‚ kmbp-Pyw. Pohs‚ PohXzw Adn-hns‚ al-Xz-hp-ambn
Ie¿∂p-cpIn H∂m-bn-ØocemWv. JWvUn-X-a-√m-sØmcp
t_m[amWv \o. AWp-hns‚ {]Xn-Zz-µz-amb AJ-WvUX Adn-
hn¬ AW™v ]p\-cm-hr-Øn-bn-√mØ A\p-`q-Xn-bmbn \ne-
\n-ev°pw. A\p-`-h-Øns‚ ]q¿Æn-abmWXv. tX≥ IpSn-®n-ń-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 212
√mØ Hcm-tfmSv tX\ns‚ a[p-cn-a-sb-°p-dn®v Fßs\ samgn-
bm-\mWv? samgn-™mepw samgn™mepw Abmƒ°v a\- n-
em-hp-I-bn-√. A¥-cm-flm-hns‚ tX\nºw kzm\p-`q-Xn-sIm-
≠pXs∂ \pW-b-Ww. ]ns∂ H∂pw an≠m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
au\w Nn¥-I-fpsS ia-\-am-Wv. hmk-\-I-fpsS \mi-am-Wv.
au\w t_m[-Øns‚ \ncp-]m-[n-I-\n-e-bm-Wv. B \ne-bn-cp∂v
au\ap-Æp∂ tbmKn-Iƒ \n¿hrXn-bpsS ]mc-ay-Øn-em-Wv hncm-
Pn-°p-∂Xv. a\-kv]¿i-ta-ev°mØ \n¿-hr-Xn. L\o-`q-Xa - mb
⁄m\w. B tbmKn-bpsS Znhy-km-∂n-≤y-Ønte°v au\-ap-
Æm≥ tX≥Xp-ºn-Is - f-t∏mse kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ Cd-ßn-Øn-
cn-°pw. Ah¿ ÿm\-am-\ß - ƒ Dt]-£n®v sshcm-Ky-Øns‚
IhNw [cn®v A¥cm-flm-hn-te-°p≈ {]bmWw kpK-aa - m-°p-
hm≥ B tbmKn-kØ - a - s‚ ]mZm-¥n-IØ - n¬ A`bw Is≠-
Øpw. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb alm-¤pXw Ah¿°n-S-
bn¬ kw`-hn-°pw. Hcp hnf-°n¬\n∂v kzbw {]` \jvSs - ∏-
SmsX At\Iw hnf-°p-Iƒ IØn-°p∂ alm-Im-cp-Wy-ambn
B ap\n amdpw. temI-Øns‚ im¥n lrZ-b-Øn¬ im¥n
Is≠-Øp-∂-h-cn¬ \n∂mWv {]k-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v tbmKn-I-
fpsS tXmcm-Ø-\nc `mc-X-Øn¬ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
Bfl- i m- ¥ n- b psS AKm- [ - X- b n¬ Ah- c psS au\amWv
kwkv°m-cØ - ns‚ CuSp-sh-∏p-If - mbn XnSw h®p \nev°p-∂-
Xv. ]c-am-\µw L\o-`q-X-amb au\amWv. Nn¥miq\y-\mb
tbmKn-bpsS au\`qanIbnemWv k÷-\-ßƒ kmjvSmwKw
{]W-an-°p-∂X - v. X≠m-cn¬ hoWv a[p-hp≠v Bc-an°pw Hcp
h≠mWv kqcn kpIrXn F∂v Kpcp ]mSnb B kqcn Kpcp
Xs∂bm-Wv. Btflm-]t- Z-iØ - ns‚ AKm-[a - mb Aar-Xh- o-Nn-
I-fmWv Kpcp-hns‚ Cu au\-hn-\n-abw. Aar-XXz-Øns‚ kz—-
km-Kcw.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 213
98
CXp-hsc \msamcp hkvXp-hn-ß-dn-™o˛
eXn-kp-J-sa-∂-\niw IYn-°-bmte
aXn apX-em-bh amdn-bm-ep-am-fl˛
kzX-b-gn-bm-X-dn-sh∂p sNm√n-tS-Ww.
AXn-kp-J-sa∂v ˛ C\nbpw kpJw thWsa∂v

A\niw ˛ Ft∏mgpw
IYn-°-bmte ˛ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-Im-cWw
CXp-hsc ˛ C{Xbpw km[-\-Iƒ sNbvXn´pw
\mw ˛ kXy-Pn-⁄m-kp-°ƒ
Hcp hkvXp ˛ GI-amb Bfl-hkvXp
Cß-dn-™oe ˛ ChnsS Adn-™-tX-bn-√.
aXn apX-em-bh ˛ \m\m-Xz-{`-a-Øn\v CS hcp-Øp∂
A¥-°-c-W-hr-Øn-Iƒ
amdn-bmepw ˛ C√m-Xm-bmepw
Bfl-kzX Agn-bmX ˛ Fs‚ Bflmhv F∂ t`Z-an-√mØ
Adn-sh∂v ˛ tIh-e⁄m\amWv km£m-XvImcw
sNm√n-tSWw ˛ F∂v Adn-™n-tSWw
kp J-hn-j-b-ßƒ°p ]n∂mse ]c°w ]mbp∂ a\p-jy≥

Bfl-im¥n Fs¥∂v Adn-bp-∂n-√. kpJ-hn-j-b-ßsf
]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ imkv{Xhpw kmt¶-Xn-IhnZybpw Ht´sd
hnI-kn®p Ign-™p. Hmtcm cmjv{Shpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-\ne-
hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-IhnZyIsf D]-
tbm-Ks- ∏-Sp-Øp-Ibm-Wv. BUw-_c
- k
- a
- r-≤a
- mb hoSp-Iƒ, kpJ-
I-c-ambn bm{X sNøm-hp∂ Imdp-Iƒ, ]In-t´-dnb hkv{X-
ßƒ, cpNn-I-c-amb `£-W-ßƒ Chsbms° kpJm-t\z-j-
W-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-ep-≈ ]pXnb Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fm-Wv. ""Hcp
kpJ-Øn¬\n∂v AXnepw sa®-ap-≈ thsdmcp kpJ-Øn-
te° v'' AXmWv \ΩpsS ap{Zm-hm-Iyw. AXp-sIm≠v Zn\w-
Btflm]tZiiXIw 214
{]Xn ^mj\pw ]mj\pw amdp-Ibm-Wv. A`n-cp-Nn-Iƒ amdp-
Ibm-Wv. _‘-ßƒ DS-®p-hm¿°s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
AXn-kp-J-sa∂v A\niw IYn-°-bm-te. kpJw thWw
kpJw thWw F∂mWv \ΩpsS hmbvØm-cn. kpJw hnj-b-
ß-fn¬ Xnc-bp-tºmƒ ]ns∂ FhnsS-bmWv \ap°v \sΩ
Adn-bp-hm≥ t\cw? \mw \ΩpsS {]im-¥n-bpsS XocØv CØn-
cn-t\-c-sa-¶nepw Ccp-∂n-´pt≠m? \ΩpsS Bflm-hns‚ {]W-
h-a¿Ω-c-ßsf C\n-a-tbmsS Bkz-Zn-®n-´p-t≠m? \mw \ΩpsS
Bflm-hns‚ Bg-ta-dnb hnlm-b- n¬ t`Z-ß-fn-√msX Hcn-
°-se-¶nepw hne-bn-®n-´pt≠m? Cs√∂p ]d-tb≠n hcpw.
\mw H∂pw Adn-™n-ń-√. F∂m¬ Adn-bm≥ th≠n-bm-bn-
cp∂p hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ t]mbn ]Tn-®-Xv. hnZym-e-b-ßƒ aXn-
h¿≤n-\n-I-fm-Wv. aXn F∂m¬ _p≤n-bm-Wv. hnj-b-ßsf
hyh-t—-Zn-°p∂ _p≤n. aXn h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ Al-ΩXnbpw
h¿≤n°pw. Al- Ω - X n- b n¬\n∂pw ]Sp- Ø p- b ¿Ø- s ∏´
PohnXw ]fp-¶p-sIm-´mcw t]mse-bmWv. sNdn-sbm-cm-LmXw
aXn. XI¿∂p Xcn-∏-W-am--Ipw.
Fs¥√mw {]bm-k-ß-fmWv a\p-jy≥ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv?
GIm-¥-Xbpw \ncm-ibpw DXvI-WvTbpw òXn-bp-sa√mw Hcp-
hs‚ hy‡n-XzsØ Im¿∂p-Xn-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv.
F∂mepw \mw Adn-hm-f-∑m-sc-t∏mse kwkm-cn-°pw. F\n-
s°s∂ Adn-bm-sa∂p hºp ]d-bpw. F∂m¬ Bfl-kzm-
X{¥yw B\p-`q-Xn-I-am-Wv. AXp {]im-¥n-bpsS el-cn-bmWv.
hnjm-Z-—-hn-bn-√mØ NnZm-Im-i-am-Wv. Fs‚ Bflmhv t`Z-
_p≤n Ah-km-\n-bv°Ww. At∏mgmWv Bfl-kzXbgn-bmX
Adn-hm-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcn-°epw \in-®p-t]m-ImØ Cu ⁄m\w
Bflm-hn¬\n∂pw A\y-am-ImsX Adn-b-Ww. Rm≥ F∂pw
Ft‚-Xv F∂pw D≈ hnShv Bfl-⁄m-\sØ XS- -s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 215
99
Adn-h-l-sa-∂-Xp-c-≠p-ta-I-am-am˛
hc-W-sam-gn-™-h\\y\p≠p hmZw
Adn-hns\ hn´-l-a-\y-am-Ip-sa-∂m˛
edn-hn-s\-bn-ß-dn-bm-\p-am-cp-an-√.
Adnhv ˛ tIh-e-amb Adnhv

Alw F∂Xp c≠pw ˛ Rm≥ F∂p≈ c≠pw
Bh-cWw Hgn-™-h\v ˛ ambm-ad amdn-b-h\v
GIamw ˛ GIamWv.
A\y\v ˛ Bh-cWw Hgn-bm-Ø-h\v
hmZ-ap≠v ˛ C°m-cy-Øn¬ X¿°-ap-≠v.
Adn-hns\ hn´v ˛ ]c-a-amb Adn-hn¬\n∂v
Alw ˛ Rm≥
A\y-amIpw F∂m¬ ˛ thsdbm-sW∂p h∂m¬
Adn-hns\ ˛ Cu Adn-hns\
Cßv Adn-bm\pw ˛ ChnsS Adn-bm\pw
Bcp-an√ ˛ Bcpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√.
B tflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIØns‚ awKfw ]mSp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn

AXns‚ kn≤m¥w Hcn-°¬°qSn Ac-°n´v Dd-∏n-°p-
∂p. B kn≤m¥w CXm-Wv. Adnhpw Rm\pw c≠-√. GI-am-
Wv. ]t£, Cu GIXzw Adn-bm-Ø-h-sc-°p-dn®p≈ ]cn-K-
W-\bpw Kpcp hn´p-If-bp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Bh-c-W-
sam-gn-™-h¿°p am{X-amWv Adn-hn-t‚bpw Al-Øn-t‚bpw
GIm-fl-IX D◊bmbn sXfn-bp∂p-≈q. {io\mcm-b-W-Kpcp
B GIm-fl-I-X-bpsS Pohn-°p∂ km£y-am-bn-cp-∂p. k¿h-
Ønepw Xs∂bpw, Xs∂ k¿h-Ønepw I≠-dn-bp-∂-h¿ Imcp-
Wy-im-en-I-fmWv. Atd-_y≥ aW-em-c-Wy-Øn¬ sIm≠p-]n-
Sn® lnwk-Iƒ°n-Sb - nepw {]hm-NI
- \
- mb apl-ΩZp\_n Imcp-
Wy-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-amb PohnXw temI-Øn\p ImWn
Btflm]tZiiXIw 216
®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Pdp-k-te-anepw tPm¿Zm≥ \Zo-X-Sß-fnepw
tbip hnfw-_cw sNbvX kvt\l-k-tµiw AssZz-X-t_m-[-
Øn¬\n∂v Dd-h-sIm-≠-Xmbn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw Fs‚ ]nXmhpw
c≠√ F∂p ]d™ tbip [n°m-cn-b-√. Ffn-b-h-\n¬ Ffn-
b-hs‚ kzc-amWv B hm°p-I-fn¬ [z\n-°p-∂-Xv. AssZz-X-
Øns‚ emfn-Xy-Øn¬ [n°m-c-Øns‚ kzcw tIƒ°p-∂Xv
A⁄m-\w-sIm-≠m-Wv. ""Adn-hl - s
- a-∂X
- p-c≠
- p-ta-Ia
- mw.'' F{X
km¥z-\-ta-Ip∂ {]Jym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv! F∂m¬ Cdm-Jn¬h®v
Hcp kq^n-h-cy≥ CtX- kXyw temI-Øn-t\mSp sXm≠-bn-S-
dn-sIm≠v hnfn®p ]d™ncp-∂p. A\¬ lJv ˛ Rm\mWv
kXyw F∂v. At∏mƒ At±-lsØ Kf-t—ZwsNbvXp. Cu
Ak-ln-jvWpX t{]m’m-l-\o-b-a-√.
""A\¬lJv'' F∂v a¨kq¿ A¬l÷v F∂ kq^n-
k-∂ymkn samgn-™Xns‚ A¿∞w km{º-Zm-bnI-hm-Zn-Iƒ°v
lrZ-b-I-tTm-c-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-Wv? ⁄m\-Øns‚
sXfn-a-bn-√mØ hnizm-k-Øns‚ K¿Ø-ß-fn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-
SpØ aX-t_m-[\w sIm≠m-W-Xv. Rm\pw kXyhpw c≠√
F∂mWv AXns‚ A¿∞w. kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb AssZzX⁄m\-
Øn¬ cs≠∂ t_m[-an-√. ]t£, ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-jy\pw
CS-bn¬ A⁄m-\-Øns‚ hen-sbmcp ]SpX hoWp-In-S-°p-
∂p-≠v. B ]SpX ambm-a-d-bm-Wv. AXp t]mbm¬ a\p-jy≥
]pXn-sbmcp hk-¥m-cm-a-Øn-te°p {]th-in-°pw. temIw
H∂mbn ImWm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ kØp-°fpsS Xncn-®-dn-hn-
\p-th-≠n-bmWv Kpcp Cu hcn-Iƒ Ipdn-®-Xv. Adn-hns\hn´v
""Rm≥'' A\y-am-sW∂p hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu Adn-hns\
Adn-bm≥ Hcmfpw ImWp-I-bn-√.- Cu hnizw apgp-h\pw Htc-
sbmcp D◊-bm-Wv. AXns‚ Xmf-`-{ZX \Ωƒ A\p-\n-anjw
A\p-`-hn-®p--t]m-cp-∂p-ap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Rm\pw Adnhpw
H∂m-Wv. Fs∂hn´v Adnhpw C√. Adn-hns\hn´v Rm\pan√.
a{µa-[p-c-amb Hcp kwKo-X-amWv D◊-bpsS GIm-fl-I-X.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 217
100
AXp-an-Xp-a√ kZ¿∞-a-√lw k˛
®nZ-ar-X-sa∂p sXfn™p [oc-\mbn
kZ-k-ZnXn {]Xn-]-Øn-b‰p ktØm˛
anXn arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbv Aa¿∂n-tS-Ww.
Alw ˛ Rm≥
AXpw CXpw A√ ˛ AsX∂pw CsX∂pw ]d-bm-hp∂
H∂pw-X-s∂-b-√.
AkZ¿∞w A√ ˛ Rm≥ anYym-k-¶-ev]-hp-a√,
k®n-Z-arXw ˛ kXv NnXv B\µ-amWv Rm≥
F∂p sXfn™v ˛ F∂ sXfn™ A\p-`q-Xn-bp-≠mbn
[oc-\mbn ˛ ÿnX-{]⁄\mbn
kZv AkZv CXn ˛ D≈Xv C√m-ØXv F∂
{]Xn-]-Øn-b‰v ˛ {]Xn-]ØnIƒ C√m-Xmbn
kZv Hmw CXn ˛ {]]©w {]W-h-sa-∂-dn™v
arZp-hmbv arZp-hmbv ˛ arZp-hmbn arZp-hmbn
Aa¿∂n-tSWw ˛ H∂m-bn-Øo-cW- w.
C Xp-hsc \mw \ΩpsS D◊sb a‰p ]e-Xp-ambn Xń®p a\-

n-em-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ ip≤-amb t_m[-amWv
F∂Xv Hcp kn≤m-¥-a-√. kz¥w A\p-`q-Xnbmbn hc-Ww.
AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv BZy-ta-Xs∂ Rm≥ AXp-a√ CXp-a√ F∂
c≠p \ntj-[-ß-fn-eqsS kwkn-≤-am-°p-∂-Xv. Zqc-ÿ-am-b-Xn-
t\bpw kao-]-ÿ-am-b-Xn-t\bpw Rm\p-ambn XmZm-fly-s∏-Sp-
Ønb A⁄m-\sØ BZyta \ntj-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. F∂n¬
A[y-kvX-am-bn-cp∂ F√mw Rm≥ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂p. ssZh-
cmPyw B ae-bntem Cu ae-bntem A√ F∂p tbip Xd-
∏n®p ]d-bm≥ ImcWw, Aß-s\-sbmcp XmZm-fly-_p≤n P\-
ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. F∂n´p lrZ-b-Øn-te°p
Btflm]tZiiXIw 218
Nq≠n A\p-`-hsØ Dd-∏n-°m-\mbn AXp \ns‚ lrZ-b-Øn-
emWv F∂p ]d-™p. Bfl-hkvXp Ak-Z¿∞-a-√. hm°p-I-
fn¬ am{Xw HXpßn \nev°p∂ anYym-I-ev]-\-bp-a√ Rm≥.
Rm≥ kØpw NnØpw Aar-Xhpw Ie¿∂ ckm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-
Wv, kzmX-{¥y-am-Wv. ap‡n-bm-Wv. ]p\-cm-hr-Øn-bn-√mØ \ne-
bm-Wv.
tIhew Bflm-hmbn h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ F\n°v `bw
tXm∂p-∂n-√. ImcWw Rm≥ Fs∂-b-√msX thsd Btcbpw
ImWp-∂n-√. Fs∂ Rm≥ F¥n\p `b-°Ww? Rm≥ Fs∂
Xo{h-ambn kvt\ln-°p-∂p. kvt\l-Øn\v A\y-Xz-an-√. kz¥-
am-°m-\p≈ hy{K-X-bp-an-√. Rm\-√msX thsd Btcbpw {]]-
©-Øn¬ ImWp-∂pan-√. thsd F∂p ]d-bs∏Sp-∂sX√mw
Rm≥X-s∂-bmWv. AXn-cp-I-fn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ A\-¥-
\m-Wv. F√mw sXfnabmbn Rm≥ ImWp-∂p. A\p-`h - n-°p∂p
F∂-XmWv IqSp-X¬ icn. Hcp hkvXp-hnt\mSpw {]tXy-In®v
Bk‡n tXm∂p-∂n-√. D≈-sXt∂m C√m-Ø-sXt∂m hyh-
t—-Zn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ D◊-bpsS \nd-hmWv Rm≥. Rm≥
Akw-K-\m-Wv. Fs‚ kØ Imcp-Wy-km-K-cw-t]mse arZp-e-
am-Wv. kpK-‘-ta-dnb Hcp ]qhpt]mse-bmWv Rm≥. Rm≥
]cn-afw {]k-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂n¬Xs∂ B ]cn-
afw \nd-™p-I-hn-bp-∂p. F∂nse GIm-fl-I-X-bn¬ F√mw
arZp-hmbn arZp-hmbn hne-bn®v hne-bn®v H∂mbn amdp∂p.
Bg-ta-dnb au\w! HmwIm-c-Øns‚ kuay-amb \mZw! ]c-am-
Àm-Z-I-c-amb Cu \nan-j-Øns‚ [\yX! FØn-t®-cm≥ Hcp
CS-an-√. \n¿hr-Xn-bpsS B\-tµm-’-hw. AXv samgn-bm-\m-
hp-∂n-√..........
Btflm]tZiiXIw 219
D]-kw-lmcw
B tflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Øn\v \nc-h[n hymJym-\-ßfpw hni-

Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw Fgp-X-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. A°q-´-Øn¬ Hcp
hymJym\w F∂ \ne-bv°√ CsX-gpXn-bn´p-≈-Xv. CXv
\ap°p sIm≠p-\-S-°m-hp∂ Hcp ]pkvX-IamWv. Pohn-X-
Øns‚ hnj-a-k-‘n-I-fn¬ [ym\-]q¿hw CXnse Hcp t]Pv
Xpd∂v hmbn-°p-I. At∏mƒ {]iv\ß - ƒ°p≈ ]cn-lmcambn
\nßƒ°p-≈n¬ Kpcp-Ir-]-bpsS shfn®w hgn-Im-Wn-®p-X-cpw.
CXn¬ ]Z-t—Zw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xpw A¿∞w ]d-™n-
cn-°p-∂Xpw Kpcp-hns‚ Z¿i-\sØ BIth B[m-c-am-°n-
s°m-≠m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v hm°p-Iƒ°v A¿∞w ]d-bp-
tºmƒ \nL≠p-hn¬\n∂pw t\sc A¿∞-sa-SpØp ]d-bp-
I-b-√ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ipsd
hm°p-Iƒ CW-°-an-√msX Iqń-h-®-Xp-t]m-setb tXm∂p-I-
bp-≈q. hmNym¿∞-Øn-\p-]-cn-bmbn hm°p-Iƒ°v Hcp e£yw
Kpcphpw Ipdn-°p-∂p-≠v. Kpcp-hns‚ `mj-bn-ep≈ ss\]pWn
hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂-Xm-Wv AXv.
Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw Hcp alm-Z¿i-\-am-sW∂pw AXv
A\p-`qXn{][m-\a- m-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu hymJym\w
[mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw. kzm\pp`q-Xn°v Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw ]Icw
\nev°n-√. Kpcp-Xs∂ Cu kXyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xm-
W-t√m. ""Adp-Xn-bn-Sm-\-cp-Xm-X A-hm-Mva-t\m-tKm-N-cw CXn-
seßp Ncn-®nSpw {]am-Ww?'' B≤ym-fln-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ a\p-
jy\v Btflm-∑p-JX (self-orientation) am{Xta D≠m-°n-Ø-cp-
∂p-≈q. kXym-t\z-j-Whpw Kpcp-Ir-]bpw k‘n-°p-∂n-
SØp\n∂pw B\-µa - mbn kzm\p-`qXn Dd∂phcWw. Kpcp-hns‚
ImcpWyw \Ω-fn-se√mw Aar-X-h¿jw sNmcn-b-s´.
Btflm]tZiiXIw 220
]Z-kqNn
AJ-fi-hn-thIw 93 Bhn 71
AwKn 155 Bi-b-hmZw 18
AXn-hn-i-Z-kvarXn 147 B‰w 166
AXo-X-hn-Zym-\n[n 147 CZ¥ 121
AssZz-X-Zo-]nI 83 Cc 150
A\¬˛lJv 217 Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-jØv 164
A\m-Zn-eoe 163 Ck (ssl-°p-I-hn) 115
A\p-`hw 80 Clw-˛-]cw 181
A\p-`qXn 84 Cuiz-c≥ 44
A\y 90,92 Cuiz-cm-\p-`hw 45
A¥-°cWw 23 DØpw-Km-\p-`qXn 185
AWp-Ip-Spw_w 65 D]m[n 158
AWp-˛-A-JWvUw 210 D≈-S-°pI 21
A]-hmZZ¿i\w 137,203 EXw 191
AcWn 182 F∏n-Iyq-d v 207
Acn-tÃm-ń¬ 18 F{_lmw amt…mhv 185
Acpa 149 H]v‰n-°¬ C√q-j≥ 85
Ah- b hn 70 Hukvs]≥kvIn ]n.Un 161
AjvSm-h-{I-ap\n 146 I]-S-bXn 47
AkvXnX 193 I_o¿ 142
Al-¶m-cw 113 Icp 15,20
Al¥ 120 I¿Ωw 146
Alw-s]m-cpƒ 41 Ie 133
Alw-t_m[w 41 Ieew 133
BImiw 140 Iey 133
Bflm-\µw 201 ItTm-]-\n-jØv 174
Bfl- { ]nbw 61 Im\¬Pew 175
Bfl-t_m[w 74 Im‚ v 153
Bfl-cXn 159 Ima\ 45
Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw 75 Imew 48
Bfl-kz-cq]w 43 Ime-N{Iw 87
Bfl-hn-tcm[n 69 Imivao¿ ssihnkw 137
BZn-_oPw 124 Ipcn-ip-bp≤w 111
BZn-a-kØ 57 Iri-Ku-Xan 205
Bcy 155 Ir]-WX 64
B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão≥ 49,209 Ir]mep 64
Bh-cWw 36,52 sISp-aXn 128
Btflm]tZiiXIw 221
Jeo¬ Pn{_m≥ 139 \mc-Z-a-l¿jn 159
KW\ 152 \nP-kz-cq]w 84
Kmcn kpJmhv 208 \nZn-[ym-k\w 40
KoXm-Im-c≥ 183 \n{Zm 127
tKm]-\obw 165 \ncp-]m-[n-I-⁄m\w 152
Nm¿hm-I≥ 207 \oXn-tISv 206
NnØ-hrØn 53 s\K-‰ohv ssa≥Uv 91
NnØ-ip-≤o-I-cWw 163 ]X-RvPen 93
NnØpw PUhpw 167 ]Zm¿∞w 164,186
Nn{X-`mj 36 ]©-`q-X-ßƒ 22
ssNX\yw 79 ]©-hn-j-b-ßƒ 34
Omtµm-tKym-]-\n-jØv 179 ]WvUn-X≥ 145
PK-∑nYy 194 ]c-a-tcWp 166
P∑n 177 ]c-h-i-X 142
Pem-ep-±o≥ dqan 125 ]cn-Nn¥ 143
PfX 141 ]q¿W-Pm-K-cnXw 127
Pm{K-Z-hÿ 46 t]mkn-‰ohv ssa≥Uv 91
Pohs‚ amdme 172 {]⁄m-]-cn-Wmaw 119
Poh-∑p‡n 131 {]Xn` 81
tPm¨k¨, tUm. 18 {]Xn-{]-khw 161
⁄m\-N-£p v 51 {]Whw 33
⁄m\-imkv{Xw 13 {]]©w 23
⁄m\m·n 183 {]amWw 207
⁄mt\-{µn-b-ßƒ 22 {]tbm-P-\-aqeyw 59
tSmƒtÃmbv 171 {]mXn-`m-knIw 121
X\p 190 {]nbw 60
X\pX 115 tπt‰m 18
X] v 37 {^m≥knkv t_°¨ 137
Xncp-hn-f-bm´w 87 {^ntPm^v Im{] 172,208
Xpcobw 74 _¿°nen 18
{XnKp-Wm-flnI 44 _¿Kvk¨ 79,135
{Xn]pSn 26 _¿{Sm‚ v d ¬ 148
Z¿i-\amem 55 _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-jØv 205
Zr°v 191 {_“-hnZy 14
Zriyw 191 `P-tKm-hnµw 47
[¿Ωn 81 `‡n-Z¿i\w 125
[¿Ωw 83 `K-h-ZvKoX 63
[z\n 123 `m\-hrØn 99
\cIw 37 t`mKn 180
\mZw 50 t`mKy-hnizw 181
\mK-tk-\≥ 83 ù-Xn-I-hm-Zw 18
\m\mXzw 59 {àw 61
Btflm]tZiiXIw 222
aXw 106 hntijw 96
aXn 215 hnj-b-hn-tcm-[n\n 93
aX-kw-L¿jw 113 hnt«-jWw 95
aX-hmZn 113 shfn-hpcp 35
a\\w 40 sshZn-I-I¿Ωw 163
a{¥-P]w 77 hyh-lmcw 121
a¨kq¿-˛-A¬l÷v 217 i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ 163
acWw 49 inh-kq{Xw 137
akv\mhn 125 {i≤ 50
ambm-Ie 133 {ihWw 40
ambm-acw 121
{io_p-≤≥ 184,204
ambm-h-\nX 127
{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-]-c-a-lw-k¿ 209
anfn-µ-cm-Pmhv 83
kØ 193
apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jØv 33,57
apl-Ω-Zp-\_n 216 kØm-imkv{Xw 13
aqey-imkv{Xw 13 kZvKXn 103
ssat{Xbn 205 ka 91,92
au\w 213 ka-Z¿in 144
bm⁄-h¬Iy≥ 205 kam-\m-[n-I-cWw 97
bn≥˛bmMv 209 k¿h-\maw 100
tbip 202 kh\w 161
cXn 157 km[\ 77
cXn-cYw 157 km[yX 149
cY-N{Iw 87 km£n-ssN-X\yw 29
ca-W-a-l¿jn 39 kmam\yw 96
coXo-hn-[m\w 121,196 kn≤m¥w 216
cqVy¿∞w 196 kn≤m¿∞-cm-P-Ip-am-c≥ 174
en_ntUm 31 kpjp]vXn 46
temPn-°n¬ t]mkn-‰o-hnkw 148 tkm{I-ókv 139
euIn-I-I¿Ωw 163 tkm]m-[n-I-⁄m\w 152
h≥]I 195 ssÿXnIw 85
hSnhv 83 kwL-Sn-X-aXw 111
hcw 43 kwt«-jWw 95
hen-sbm-c-l¥ 43 kz]v\w 46
hmk\ 53
kzm\p-`-h-KoXn 89
hnIev]w 31
kv]nt\mk 186
hnIrXn 105
ÿqe-Zr°v 200
hnt£]w 36,52
hnZy 163 kvarXn 147
hnt\m-Z-hnZy 209 sltK¬ 195
hnh¿Øw 25 tlmfn-ÃnIv Xn¶nMv 173
hni∏v 150 sds\ sU°m¿´v 167
Btflm]tZiiXIw 223
Btflm]tZiiXIw 224

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Btﬂm-]t- Zi-iX

Phone : 9539746366, 9645828032

Cover : One-World Graphics

1967 ¬ Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Ip≠-en-bq-cn¬ P\n-®p. sNdp-∏-Øn¬Xs∂

G{]n¬, 2002 tUm. Sn. `mkvIc≥

Rm s\mcp IY hmbn-®n-´p-≠v. bph-Xz-Øn-te°v Imeq-∂n-

I cp Bﬂ-kØ - b- m-W.v Bﬂ-kØ F∂m¬ \ΩpsS \nXy-

I≠pw tI´pw sXm´pw \pW™pw aWØpw Nn¥n®pw Adn-

Ic-Whpw ˛- A¥-°c- W - ß- fpw

B Imiw, hmbp, A·n, Pew, ]rYn-hn F∂n-hb

I√pw ]p√pw ]pgbpw ]pgphpw am\pw a\p-jy\psa-√mw- \n¿Ωn-

Adnhpw ˛ Adn-bpI F∂ {]{In-bbpw

C {µn-bß- f- n-eqsS I≠pw tI´pw aWØpw cpNn®pw sXm´pw

De-I¿ ˛ km[m-cW P\-ßƒ

km [m-cW a\p-jys‚ XmXv]-cy-ßƒ £W-{]-`m-N-©-e-

DW-c-cpXv C\n ˛ hnj-b-ß-fn-te°v C\n DW-c-cp-Xv.

A SpØ ho´n¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ]e-lm-cß - ƒ Nps´-Sp-

Hfn apXemw ˛ IÆns‚ hnj-ba- mb cq]w XpS-ßnb

C sXmcp D]-a-bm-Wv. Poh≥ t`mKy-hn-izsØ A\p-`-hn-®p-

Ccp-]p-dhpw ˛ c≠p ]pdhpw

C sXmcp Nn{X-`m-j-bm-Wv (picture language). Cß-s\-bp-≈

B ﬂm-hns‚ A\n-tj-[y-amb D◊sb X¿°-an-√mØ coXn-

Alw Alw F∂v ˛ Rm≥ Rm≥ F∂v

F √m a\p-jycpw Ah-ch - sc kw_-‘n-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ

i co-csØ apgp-h\pw sXmen-sIm-≠m-Wv s]mXn-™n-cn-°p-

{XnKp-W-abw ˛ kXzw, cP- v, Xa v F∂o

{] IrXn {XnKp-Wm-ﬂn-I-bm-Wv. kXzw, cP- v, Xa v F∂o

{Xn`p-h-\-koa IS∂v ˛ Pm{K-Øv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn

\ ΩpsS A\p-`-h-ßƒ°v aq∂v AXn¿Øn-Iƒ Iev]n-°mw.

]c-bpsS ]mev ˛ ]c-am-ﬂ-⁄m-\-Øn¬\n∂pw

Im ew Ne-\a - m-Wv. Ne\w am‰-am-Wv. am‰w ico-cØ - nt‚bpw

A[n-I-hn-im-e-a-cp-{]-tZiw ˛ hfsc hnim-e-amb acp-`q-an-bn¬

acp-`qan apgp-h≥ \nd™p]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ Pe-{]-hmlw Dd-h-

Alw Ccp-f√ ˛ Bﬂ-t_m[w Ccp-f-√.

Hm tcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-c-h-sc-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Rm≥

ASn ˛ ASn-bn-ep-≈-XmWv kXyw

Cu {]]©w apgp-h\pw Htc-sbmcp kØ-bpsS \m\m-

De-In\v ˛ \ma-cq-]m-ﬂ-I-amb {]]-©-Øn\v

F √m a\p-jycpw tbmKm-ﬂI-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-h-c-√.

{]nbw Hcp PmXn ˛ Htc-sbmcpXcw {]nbtabp≈q.

{]n bw B\-µa - m-Wv. B\-µØ

{]nb-a-]-cs‚ ˛ thsdm-cp-hs‚ {]nbw GXmtWm

Po hn-X-Øn\v \s√mcp s]cp-am-‰-®n´ thWw. AXn-s√-¶n¬

Ah≥ Ch≥ F∂v ˛ Ah≥ F∂pw Ch≥ F∂pw \mw

tem I-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp Bﬂ-kØ

Hcp-h\p \√Xpw ˛ Hcmƒ°v \∑ hcp-Øp-∂Xpw

B ﬂm-hnemWv F√mw kzc-e-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. kl-P-

Ah-bhw Hs° ˛ F√m Ah-b-h-ß-tfbpw

B wKe-`m-j-bn¬ Ah-b-h-Øn\v organ F∂mWv ]d-bp-

Ccp-fn-en-cp∂v ˛ Ccp≠ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-∂v

B ﬂm-hns\ ]q¿Æ-ambpw \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. F∂n-

ASn apSn A‰v ˛ ASn-sbt∂m apSn-sbt∂m D≈

B ﬂ-t_m[w PmK-cn-X-Øntem kz]v\-Øntem kpjp-

a\-a-e¿ sImbvXv ˛ a\- nse k¶ev]-hn-Iev]-ß-fm-

a \p-jy¿ F√m-hcpw t_m[-hn-Im-kØ

PUw Adn-hoe ˛ PU-Øn\v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

\mw F¥-dn-bp-tºmgpw Nn¥n-°m-dp-≠v. Nn¥n-°msX H∂pw

A\p-`hw ˛ C{µn-b-{]Xy-£amb A-\p-`hw