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Eastern Iowa’s independent, employee-owned newspaper

Sunday, September 8, 2019 www.thegazette.com $3.00

THE FINAL IOWA TODAY TIME MACHINE HOME+GARDEN BUSINESS 380 LIVING
SCORE Indian Creek Nature Marion Railroad Three ways to ease Big Grove Brewery Find new ways to
Hawkeyes run around Center meets Depot, with deep into autumn as the in Iowa City grows cook corn by trying
Rutgers, 30-0, in Big rigorous ecological roots in community, temperatures begin brand as RAGBRAI out these five
Ten opener, 1B standards, 1C lives on, 4C to drop, 1E sponsor, 1F recipes, 1L

TREADING WATER
After 30
Millions of dollars riding on years, C.R.

WATER QUALITY
police close
Schappert
murder case
2 men police think killed him
on overnight shift now dead
By Kat Russell, The Gazette

CEDAR RAPIDS — After 30

years of investigation, police
are closing the murder case of
22-year-old Coe
College senior
Brian Schappert,
who was stabbed
to death Sept. 8,
1989, while work-
ing the overnight
shift alone at a
gas station conve- Brian
nience store. Schappert
But it’s not the
conclusion everyone wanted.
Instead of pointing to one or
more suspects as the definite
killers, authorities were able
to narrow the suspect pool to
two men they are confident
committed the slaying, Cedar
Rapids police investigator
Matt Denlinger said. And they
are dead, he said, never to face
criminal charges.

;; SCHAPPERT, PAGE 10A

James Lyle of Montezuma, Ohio, accelerates his remote-control boat to more than 70 mph Aug. 31 as he takes advantage of the still waters created by
a new barrier at West Beach on Grand Lake in western Ohio. Reopening the polluted Grand Lake’s West Beach has been an expensive endeavor, costing
Andy Grimm photos/freelance
Dems face
about $500,000. Tests before the Labor Day weekend showed the beach was again safe for recreation, but officials left a warning sing up regardless.
few options
With lessons for Iowa, tainted Ohio lake ravages local economy to expand
By Erin Jordan, The Gazette caucuses

S
T. MARYS, Ohio — Two tourism directors 700 miles
apart, one in Iowa and one in Ohio, use the same After ‘virtual’ caucuses are
word when describing the effect a swimming ban denied, state party starts over
caused by water pollution would have on their
lakeside vacation communities:
By Erin Murphy,
Devastating.
Gazette-Lee Des Moines Bureau
For Rebecca Peters, Okoboji Tourism director, it’s hypo-
thetical because the northwestern Iowa region generates
DES MOINES — With the
nearly $290 million a year as people flock to the lakes known
presidential caucuses just five
for their clean water.
months away, time is running
But in the Greater Grand Lake Visitors Region in western
out for the Iowa Democratic
Ohio, the lake’s four public beaches have had swim warnings
Party to announce a Plan B —
every summer since 2009 — which means this 13,000-acre lake
if it has one — for heeding the
surrounded by homes and used as a vacation destination has
national party’s call to make
been deemed for a decade as no longer safe to touch.
the process more accessible.
“For us, when it first started, it was like the sky was fall-
The state party’s plan to
ing,” said Donna Grube, executive director of the Grand Lake
A sign at Grand Lake Saint Marys West Beach in western Ohio warns meet that mandate was to
tourism bureau.
visitors of the toxins from harmful algae. Officials have spent about introduce a virtual caucus,
Last weekend, after spending millions of dollars over
$500,000 on projects to improve the water quality at West Beach and where Iowa Democrats could
hope to remove the swim warnings next summer. express their presidential pref-
;; WATER, PAGE 6A erence over the phone instead
Sunday of in person.
But that officially was
Inside: Clean water has been a significant driver of Milwaukee’s economic development
throughout its history through beer brewing and other industries, 7A ;; CAUCUSES, PAGE 12A
© 2019 The Gazette

• BUSINESS 380������������������������������� 1F • DEATHS������������������������������������������5C • LIVING�������������������������������������������� 1L • RIVER LEVELS����������������������������� 10B

VOL. 137 NO. 242 • COMICS����������������������������������� INSIDE • HOME + GARDEN��������������������������� 1E • LOTTERIES�������������������������������������4A • SPORTS � �����������������������������������������3B
© 2019 The Gazette
• CROSSWORDS � ������������������������ 7D, 6L • HOROSCOPES � ������������������������������� 6L • MILESTONES���������������������������������� 9L • TV � �������������������������������������������������� 7L
• DEAR ABBY������������������������������������ 6L • IOWA TODAY � ����������������������������������1C • PUZZLES���������������������������������������� 6L • WEATHER������������������������������������ 10B
6A The Gazette ● Sunday, September 8, 2019
A bird flies above the water in a channel at Grand Lake, a 13,000-acre lake in western Ohio. Officials have warned against swimming, jet skiing and water skiing since 2009 because of toxins generated
by harmful algae. The community is working on solutions that include wetlands that filter incoming water and new laws that restrict winter manure application on nearby farm fields.
Water/Quality impacts local economy
;; FROM PAGE 1A
10 years trying to fix Grand
Lake’s chronic water qual­
ity problems, one beach
finally was safe enough for
swimming. Officials hope
the cleanup works and lures
tourists back.
They also warn other Mid­
western states: It can happen
to you.
STUDY: IOWA ALREADY
MISSING OUT
Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds in
June announced the “This is
Iowa” campaign to persuade
people from other states to vis­
it, move to and work in Iowa.
Prominently featured on the
campaign’s website is a photo
of a family pedal boating and
a shout out to four Iowa lakes
— Red Rock, Coralville Lake,
Clear Lake and Lake Rathbun.
What the site doesn’t tell
people is that Rathbun, which
hosts the Iowa Department
of Natural Resources’ Honey
Creek Resort, had a swim
advisory one week in August.
High levels of toxins produced
by algae turned the lake a
murky green much of the sum­
mer. Moreover, microcystins
can cause health problems
ranging from skin irritation to
liver damage.
Clear Lake had three advi­
sories this summer for high
levels of E. coli, a bacteria that
indicate feces in the water.
As Iowans go elsewhere for
vacation, the state loses out on
tourism spending. A 2018 Iowa
State University study found
Iowa stood to gain $30 million
a year by improving its water
quality.
“Beach advisories may
cause families to cancel
planned trips altogether,” the
study states.
West Okoboji Lake is an
exceptional Iowa lake, with
clear, cold water that so far
has avoided algal blooms be­
cause of careful monitoring
and protection.
“Because so many people
spend time in and around the
water, we want to make sure
it’s healthy and safe,” Peters
said.
Okoboji tourists — most
from a 200-mile radius — col­
lectively spend an estimated
$1 million a day during the
peak summer months. This
money holds down prop­
erty taxes and helps pay for
schools, roads and police,
providing year-round resi­
dents with more amenities
than those in many other Iowa
small towns, Peters said. But
many of these benefits would
Erin Jordan of The Gazette researched
and reported on the progress — or lack of
progress — in reducing the flow of nitrate
and phosphorus into the Mississippi River
West
Okoboji
Lake
vanish if a lake is deemed un­
safe for swimming.
“From a tourism perspec­
tive, being able to swim in the
lake is important,” Peters said.
“It would be devastating for
their property values as well,
which then would affect tax
revenue the city and county
brings in, which would affect
the money they have to make
improvements.”
Grand Lake is Ohio’s larg­
est inland lake, stretching
across two counties in western
Ohio and providing plenty
of space for lakefront homes
lining the shore and canals
carved out by developers.
The lake has been filling in
with silt since it was construct­
ed in 1949 and now, despite reg­
ular dredging, has an average
depth of just 6 feet — making
it particularly susceptible to
harmful algae fed by agricul­
tural runoff from nearby corn
and soybean fields.
Jesse Stienecker, 59, of
New Breman, Ohio, grew up
on Grand Lake in the 1970s,
boating and water skiing with
friends.
“You would get done
swimming and your arms
would be green,” he said. “I
swam in it and constantly had
ear infections.”
But in 2009, alarm bells
sounded when Grand Lake
water samples showed micro­
cystin toxins at 82 milligrams
per liter — more than four
times the World Health Orga­
nization standard for recre­
ational waters. The Ohio Envi­
ronmental Protection Agency
warned people not to swim or
water ski in the lake and said
dogs shouldn’t play in or drink
the water.
“The 2010 algae were worse
than 2009, forming a blue-
green scum with a foul odor,”
federal EPA officials reported
in 2011. “Dead fish washed
up on the shoreline. Twenty-
three cases of human illnesses
and dog deaths potentially
related to the algal toxins were
reported.”
Total tourism income for
the region plunged 22 percent
from $51.7 million in 2008 to
$40.3 million in 2010, and the
region lost more than 500 jobs
and other lakes and rivers during an O’Brien
Fellowship in Public Service Journalism at
Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wis.
Jordan worked with Marquette students
Grand Lake
St. Marys, Ohio
Gazette map
supported by tourism dollars,
Grube said.
Some businesses shuttered,
people had trouble selling their
homes and trickle-down effects
were felt communitywide.
“I get my hair done by a
lady in St. Marys,” Grube said
of the town on Grand Lake’s
eastern shore. “She said the
lake issue hurt her business.
A number of waitresses are
her clients. Their hours were
cut or their restaurants were
closed in the winter because
they didn’t have enough busi­
ness. They had to stop getting
their hair done.”
LOSSES FOR PROPERTY
VALUES, BUSINESSES
Six Ohio counties between
2009 and 2015 showed a loss of
property values in near-lake
homes of 11 to 17 percent, with
Grand Lake homes losing
$51 million in value during
that time, according to 2017
economic analysis by David
Wolf and Henry Klaiber in the
Ecological Economics journal.
Stienecker opened Ohio Ma­
rine in the late 1990s in Celina,
a city of 10,000 on the north­
west end of Grand Lake.
The marina sold Bass Pro
Shop-brand boats, serviced
boats and rented about 100 boat
slips, serving locals and tour­
ists, he said. Despite being in a
volatile industry, where every­
thing from gas prices to interest
rates to weather can hit boat
sales, business was good until
the first warnings about harm­
ful algae on the lake, he said.
“People quit using their
boats,” Stienecker said. “We
would do boat shows and not
sell a single boat.”
Stienecker and his business
partner tried to hold on, but
they had loans on the property
and by 2010 Stienecker had to
get out.
“I went months and months
and months without a pay­
check,” he said. “I was doing
construction on the side, but it
got to the point I had to think
about my family.”
Stienecker left the business,
which eventually closed. He
now does construction full
time with his sons.
Local residents still use the
ABOUT THIS STORY
Meaghan Kaupe, Mark Lisowski and
John Steppe to travel to both ends of
the Mississippi River and report on what
is happening in the 1.2 million-square-
lake, boating or participating
in fishing derbies. A handful
of sailboats surged in front of
the St. Marys Boat Club on the
Saturday of Labor Day week­
end, and dozens of boats gath­
ered for an outdoor concert in
the evening.
Tourism income and jobs
have rebounded, but reports
on the algal blooms still deter
some visitors, Grube said.
“If you’re going to go on
vacation and you Google it
(Grand Lake) and the first
thing you see are stories about
horrible conditions, you’re not
going to pick that lake,” she
said. “Why would you?”
Ohioans’ primary water
quality concern has been Lake
Erie, which has had signifi­
cant algal blooms for seven
of the last 10 summers, the
National Weather Service re­
ported. In 2014, microcystins
from the algae contaminated
drinking water for 400,000 resi­
dents in and near Toledo.
But Grand Lake’s problems
also caught the state’s atten­
tion, and the Ohio EPA desig­
nated it a distressed watershed
in 2011. New rules, such as a
2015 law prohibiting farmers
from applying fertilizer and
manure during the winter,
helped reduce runoff that
feeds harmful algae.
“Two big things changed
over the years,” said Jared
Ebbing, community/economic
development director for Mer­
cer County, Ohio. “The state
instituted a manure ban over
the winter months. We’ve been
developing a lot of wetlands,
which we call treatment trains,
in the lake and upstream. If
you let Mother Nature do what
she does, it’s amazing what the
difference can be.”
Brian Miller, southwest
district park manager within
the Ohio DNR, lives just east
of one of these treatment
trains. The $2.1 million proj­
ect, completed in 2016, pulls
water from Coldwater Creek,
a tributary to Grand Lake, and
channels it through a series of
wetlands over 32 acres before
letting it flow into the lake.
“We can pump about 3 mil­
lion gallons a day,” Miller
said. In the summer, when cat­
tails, grasses and other vegeta­
tion are lush, the plants draw
up nutrients and help clean
the water.
A study published in the
Journal of Environmental
Quality in 2018 showed levels
of nitrate and phosphorus
flowing from nearby streams
into Grand Lake decreased be­
tween 5 and 35 percent during
the spring and summer and 20
mile watershed. Marquette University and
administrators of the program played no
role in the reporting, editing or presentation
of this project.
Andy Grimm
to 60 percent during the winter
months covered by the ma­
nure ban. That research was
led by Stephen Jacquemin,
an associate biology profes­
sor and research coordinator
for Wright State University,
which has a campus on Grand
Lake.
Adding to the cleanup are
two other treatment trains; a
fourth in the works is expected
to cost $2.5 million.
WARNINGS STAY FOR
NOW ON WEST BEACH
Reopening Grand Lake’s
West Beach also has been ex­
pensive. The $500,000 price tag
has included building a rock
jetty reducing the beach’s con­
nection to the lake, dredging
the lake bottom, installing a
fabric “curtain” that extends
underwater between the lake
and beach and aerating the
water.
Two water tests before
Labor Day weekend showed
microcystins were well below
the 20 micrograms per liter
safe recreational standard, but
because it was so late in the
summer season, Grand Lake
officials decided to wait on
removing signs that say “Dan­
ger, avoid all contact with the
water.”
West Beach, with its sand
perfectly combed, remained
deserted for much of the Labor
Day weekend.
James Lyle, 41, who lives on
the south side of Grand Lake,
used the waveless cove to race
remote-control boats, gingerly
stepping in the water every
time he had to retrieve the
vessel.
“If they get it cleaned up and
get it advertised, then I think
you’ll see a lot of people over
here,” April Lyle, 42, said of the
beach as she watched her hus­
band’s boats circle the water.
Getting people out to swim
at West Beach would be a
major milestone for the lake’s
recovery and a confidence
builder for the community,
Miller said.
“We can look then at how
we scale that 8 acres up to
13,000 acres,” he said. Given
how many other lakes across
the country have been effected
by algal blooms, Miller expects
Grand Lake will be a model for
other communities.
“What I tell folks when I
travel to other lakes is, ‘Don’t
think it can’t happen to you,
too.’ Protect your watershed
and make sure you’re putting
best practices in place in your
watershed.”
Comments: (319) 339-3157;
erin.jordan@thegazette.com
© 2019 The Gazette

Beer made Milwaukee famous.
Wisconsin city touts
water quality to fuel
economic growth
By Mark Lisowski, for The Gazette
MILWAUKEE, Wis. — Early
beer brewers in Milwaukee
drew fresh water from the
Menomonee, Kinnickinnic and
Milwaukee rivers as well as
nearby Lake Michigan.
Now the city of nearly
600,000 is trying to turn that
brewing legacy of easy ac-
cess to clean water into an
economic engine, with leaders
touting the western shores of
Lake Michigan as the “fresh
coast” and the “Silicon Valley
of water.”
Is this just branding or has
the city truly found a way
to have clean water fuel its
economy?
“We were the first to move
forward on this effort,” said
Dean Amhaus, president and
chief executive officer of the
Water Council, a Milwaukee
nonprofit organization that
aims to unite businesses spe-
cializing in water technology
and to advance regional eco-
nomic development around
water quality. “There are oth-
ers in the United States that
try to compete and it’s hard for
them because they don’t have
that historical standpoint.”
In 2007, leaders at Wis-
consin-based companies AO
Smith, a water heater manu-
facturer, and Badger Meter,
which builds products to mea-
sure and control water flow,
recognized an opportunity
to unify economic interests
around water tech — an effort
that gave rise to the Water
Council.
The Water Council now
serves as an economic hub
for water tech firms, helping
research and development
and working with more than
230 businesses. Its business
incubator, called the BREW
accelerator, has trained 34
startups and raised $10 million
in capital since 2013.
HISTORICAL FILTER
Clean water has been a
significant driver of Milwau-
kee’s economic development
throughout its history through
beer brewing and other “wet
industries” such as leather
tanning.
“It was the trading that
brought folks here, but it’s the Brewers baseball.
water that kept them,” said
Rocky Marcoux, commission- time of the 1993 outbreak, is
er of the department of city
development.
But Milwaukee endured the ing tap water at his parents’
worst waterborne illness out-
break in U.S. history in April
1993, when chlorine-resistant
Cryptosporidium — because
of contamination at a water
treatment plant — sickened
more than 400,000 people.
Cryptosporidiosis, an infec- not eating would help him get
tion that causes diarrhea in
most victims but can be deadly seat, avoiding the bathroom.
for those with compromised
immune systems, caused more season opener without a bath-
than 100 deaths, more than
Mugabe mourned: Liberated, then repressed, in Zimbabwe
Reuters
HARARE — Zimbabweans
on Saturday mourned the
death of founding father Rob-
ert Mugabe, one of Africa’s
most polarizing figures.
Mugabe died Friday at age
95 in Singapore, where he long rigged elections, suppressed
had received medical treat-
ment. His 37-year rule ended
in ignominy when he was
overthrown by his own army
in November 2017.
President Emmerson Mnan-
gagwa, who worked closely
with Mugabe for decades
before helping to oust him,
granted him the status of na-
tional hero Friday, while trib- learn and go to school,” said
utes poured in from leaders
across the continent.
Mugabe was feted as a
champion of racial reconcili-
ation when he came to power
in 1980 in one of the last Afri- Richard Shumba, 57, speaking
Can water help now?
Zurn, a company that produces valves and drains for commercial use, relocated its headquarters, shown here in March,
from Erie, Pa., to Milwaukee, Wis., in 2016. Milwaukee officials cite Zurn as an example of economic growth spurred by a
community focus on water technology and enterprise.
Mark Lisowski/for The Gazette
Bob Koehler stands outside his home in Milwaukee, Wis. Koehler, an avid
Milwaukee Brewers fan, contracted cryptosporidiosis in April 1993 just before
the Brewers’ season opener. The Milwaukee outbreak, which sickened more
than 400,000 people and killed about 100 people, was caused by contami-
nated drinking water. That caused Milwaukee to spend $89 million in upgrades.
4,000 hospitalizations, 77 busi- ered from cryptosporidiosis a
ness closures and at least $96 day later.
million in illness and produc- In the wake of the Crypto-
tivity losses during Milwau- sporidium crisis, Milwaukee
kee’s crisis. Water Works upgraded both
“I got it five days before the its water treatment facilities
season started, and I didn’t and introduced ozone, a highly
know what I had,” said Bob reactive gas that kills micro-
Koehler, a Milwaukeean who’s organisms and is more potent
an avid fan of Milwaukee than chlorine. The upgrades
cost $89 million.
Koehler, who was 35 at the “We have some of the best
drinking water in the United
convinced he contracted States, but part of that was
cryptosporidiosis from drink- because we had a crisis,”
Marcoux said.
house. Now 61, he’s recognized
locally for having not missed BUILDING ON WATER
a home game in decades — Part of Milwaukee’s global
though he came close in 1993. water hub initiative has been
“I wanted to get to the game to support up-and-coming
so I didn’t eat for three days,” water tech companies in the
Koehler recalled. He said that region and recruit others to
the area.
to the game and stay in his Rexnord, a Milwaukee-
based manufacturer special-
Koehler made it through that izing in water and other indus-
trial technologies, relocated
room visit, and said he recov- one of its companies, Zurn
can states to throw off white across the road from Mugabe’s
colonial rule. But by the time large homestead in Kutama.
he was toppled to wild celebra- “He was iconic, he was an
tions across the country of African legend. His only mis-
13 million, he was viewed by take was that he overstayed in
many at home and abroad as power,” said Ha-
a power-obsessed autocrat rare resident On-
who unleashed death squads, well Samukanya.
Others ex-
the media and ruined the pressed anger
economy to keep control. that Mugabe had
Many residents in Harare left the economy
said Saturday that they were in shambles, with
saddened by Mugabe’s death. mass unemploy- Robert
“Even now we have live- ment. “We are Mugabe
stock we keep in the rural just trying to deal
areas because of him, so it’s with ... the harm that he did,”
painful to lose our father, our said Margaret Shumba, an-
grandfather who helped us to other Harare resident.
Zimbabwe is beset with
Tongai Huni, a fruit vendor. triple-digit inflation, power
“The government should cuts lasting up to 18 hours a
name important monuments day and shortages of fuel and
after him, his name should be other basic goods.
eternally remembered,” said A clampdown on dissent by
Mnangagwa’s government has
Sunday, September 8, 2019
Erin Jordan/The Gazette
Industries, from Erie, Pa., to
Milwaukee in 2016. Zurn’s new
headquarters — a $15 million,
52,000-square-foot develop-
ment in Milwaukee’s Walker’s
Point neighborhood — staffs
more than 100 employees, with
many others scattered across
the United States and interna-
tional sites.
“Zurn relocated here to be
part of the thought leadership
around water tech,” said Eric
Loferski, marketing director at
Zurn, a company that makes
products including valves for
toilets.
Wisconsin invested more
than $400 million in real estate
in Walker’s Point between
2010 and 2018, according to a
University of Wisconsin- Mil-
waukee study, with much of
the public funding supporting
Water Council projects.
This includes $53 million
for a UW-Milwaukee School of
Freshwater Sciences.
Other public money in-
cludes $2.5 million from the
Wisconsin Economic Devel-
opment Corp. for brownfield
cleanup and an idle sites pro-
gram in the Walker’s Point
neighborhood.
The state agency also un-
derwrites, at about $200,000 a
year, space in the center for
the BREW business incubator
and a coworking space.
By enlisting entrepreneurs,
scientists, business experts
and investors, the state eco-
nomic development group
hopes to bring more ideas to
market, said Cate Rahmlow,
sector strategy director.
Rexnord will get $2 million
in state tax credits through
2021 if Zurn creates 120 full-
time jobs at its new headquar-
ters. So far, the company has
met annual targets set by the
state, the Economic Develop-
ment Corp. said.
revived memories of repres-
sive tactics in the Mugabe era.
On Friday, even Mugabe’s
opponents acknowledged that
the former statesman had
made a huge contribution to
Zimbabwe’s development. But
they said he lost his way and
relied on repressive tactics.
Born on Feb. 21, 1924, on
a Roman Catholic mission,
Mugabe was educated by Je-
suit priests and worked as a
teacher before going to South
Africa’s University of Fort
Hare, then a breeding ground
for African nationalism.
Returning to then-Rhodesia
in 1960, he entered politics and
was jailed for a decade for
opposing white rule. Mugabe
took power after seven years
of a liberation war, with a
reputation as “the thinking
man’s guerrilla.” He held
seven degrees, three earned
● The Gazette 7A
QUESTIONING GROWTH
Milwaukee might want to
focus attention on growth of
water-related industry, but
some critics suggest it’s more
about branding than actual
economic expansion.
“There’s some reality to
some of it,” said Marc Levine,
professor of history and
economic development at
UW-Milwaukee. “But it has
been grossly exaggerated as
a driver of the local economy
or as something that is in any
way particularly unique to
Milwaukee.”
Milwaukee’s water-related
businesses have clustered
together to advance their col-
lective economic interests,
Levine said. Advantages of
clustering include creating
and sustaining a labor market
in the area.
Levine noted that at least
20 other areas of the country
have had a similar prolifera-
tion of water-related compa-
nies and research and develop-
ment efforts.
Amhaus, the Water Coun-
cil’s president, acknowledged
it is difficult to calculate
growth in the water technol-
ogy sector. It doesn’t have its
own North American Industry
Classification System code, so
its hard to collect statistical
data about related companies.
Water Council member busi-
nesses fall into several indus-
tries, making it challenging to
estimate the economic impact.
Another problem is that
many of these businesses
are private companies not
required to publicly disclose
some aspects of their economic
contributions.
FUTURE PLANS
Milwaukee, which has a
lot riding on its clean-water
reputation, is facing some of
the same challenges as other
major cities.
Local movements Fresh-
water for Life Action Coali-
tion and the Get the Lead Out
Coalition recently addressed
city government about lead
in Milwaukee’s water. The
groups assert the city’s partial
replacement of water mains
has caused the presence of
lead to spike in drinking water
— which might be a cause of
increased infant mortality in
some neighborhoods.
Milwaukee’s water treat-
ment facilities also are on
guard for trace pharmaceu-
ticals, such as birth control
hormones and antibiotics, that
end up in the water supply,
Marcoux said.
The Water Council’s strate-
gic plan through 2021 includes
establishing a Freshwater Uni-
versity by 2020 in part to con-
nect talent with internships
and hiring opportunities.
“I believe we’re destined to
be the global water leader,”
Marcoux said. “There’s a little
hyperbole in that right now,
but I think 20 years from now
people will look worldwide to
Milwaukee as one of the global
hubs of water technology.”
behind bars. Later, he would
boast of another qualification:
“a degree in violence.”
Only three years after in-
dependence, he sent a North
Korean-trained army brigade
into the homeland of the Nde-
bele people to crush loyalists
of his rival, Joshua Nkomo.
Human rights groups esti-
mate as many as 20,000 people
died in a two-year purge.
Mugabe’s administration
said reports of mass killings,
were fabrications of hostile
Western media. However,
after Nkomo’s death in 1999,
Mugabe called the massacres
a “moment of madness.”
Many years later, Mugabe
© 2019 The Gazette
admitted the episode was “very
bad” and blamed it on ren-
egade soldiers. However, re-
searchers say evidence shows
he clearly knew and condoned
what was happening.