Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tacloban City Socio Economic Profile
Tacloban City Socio Economic Profile
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF TACLOBAN CITY ......................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2 GEO-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................... 6
2.10 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND AREA ................................................................................... 6
2.20 LAND CLASSIFICATION .......................................................................................................... 6
2.30 TOPOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.40 SOILS ........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.50 GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS ...................................................................................... 8
2.60 NATURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM............................................................................................... 11
2.70 WATER RESOURCES ............................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 3 POPULATION AND SOCIAL PROFILE ............................................................................ 17
3.10 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................... 17
3.20 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH RATE ............................................................................... 17
3.30 URBAN-RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ..................................................................... 19
3.40 POPULATION , DENSITY AND HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION ........................................... 20
3.50 HEALTH ..................................................................................................................................... 26
3.60 EDUCATION .............................................................................................................................. 34
3.70 HOUSING ................................................................................................................................... 42
3.80 SOCIAL WELFARE ................................................................................................................... 47
3.90 PROTECTIVE SERVICES .............................................................................................................. 55
3.91 Tacloban City Police................................................................................................................. 55
3.92 Bureau Fire Protection ............................................................................................................. 56
3.93 Bureau of Jail Management & Penology................................................................................. 57
CHAPTER 4 ECONOMIC ...................................................................................................................... 59
4.10 PRIMARY ECONOMIC SECTOR............................................................................................... 59
4.11 Crops ....................................................................................................................................... 60
4.12 Fisheries .................................................................................................................................. 61
4.13 Livestock & Poultry ................................................................................................................ 63
4.14 Forestry ................................................................................................................................... 64
4.20 SECONDARY ECONOMIC SECTOR ........................................................................................ 68
4.21 Manufacturing ......................................................................................................................... 68
4.22 Electricity................................................................................................................................. 69
4.23 Gas ........................................................................................................................................... 70
4.24 Water ........................................................................................................................................ 70
4.25 Construction ........................................................................................................................... 70
4.30 TERTIARY ECONOMIC SECTOR ............................................................................................ 71
4.31 Financial Institutions .............................................................................................................. 71
4.32 Wholesale and Retail Trade ................................................................................................... 71
4.33 Transportation ........................................................................................................................ 71
4.34 Communications ..................................................................................................................... 73
CHAPTER 5 INFRASTRUCTURE, UTILITIES & FACILITIES ............................................................... 74
5.10 ROADS AND BRIDGES ............................................................................................................. 76
5.20 FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE ........................................................................................... 77
5.30 WATER SUPPLY ....................................................................................................................... 78
5.40 ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY .................................................................................................... 78
5.50 TRANSPORT FACILITIES ........................................................................................................ 78
5.51 By Land.................................................................................................................................... 79
5.52 By Air ....................................................................................................................................... 80
5.53 By Sea ...................................................................................................................................... 80
5.60 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES ............................................................................................... 81
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List Of Figures
Figure 1 Topographic Map....................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 Geologic Map .......................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 3 Tacloban City Population Increase Trend, 2018 ...................................................................... 18
Figure 4 Household Population by Age Group, 2018............................................................................. 26
Figure 5 Highest Educational Attainment, PSA 2015............................................................................. 35
Figure 6 Location of Secondary Schools, CPDO 2018 .......................................................................... 41
Figure 7 Distribution of Power Consumer, LEYECO 2018 .................................................................... 69
Figure 8 Actual Expenditures, 2018 ....................................................................................................... 95
List of Tables
Table 1 Average Rate of Annual Increase Per Censal Year, PSA 2014 ................................................ 17
Table 2 Urban & Rural Population 2014-2018 (CPDO,PSA) ................................................................. 20
Table 3 Projected Urban/Rural Population Projection Distribution (2018-2025) .................................... 22
Table 4 Projected Household Population by Age Group & Sex, 2018 ................................................... 25
Table 5 Health Facilities, 2018 .............................................................................................................. 27
Table 6 Health Personnel & Facilities, 2018 .......................................................................................... 27
Table 7 General Health Situation 2016-2018, City Heath Office ........................................................... 28
Table 8 Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity 2016-2018 ........................................................................... 29
Table 9 Ten Leading Causes of Mortality 2016-2018 ............................................................................ 30
Table 10 Nutritional Status 2016-2018 .................................................................................................. 31
Table 11 Kind of Toilet Facility, 2018 ..................................................................................................... 31
Table 13 Solid Waste Generation by Source, 2018 ............................................................................... 32
Table 14 Manner of Garbage Disposal, 2018 ........................................................................................ 33
Table 15 Cemeteries & Memorial Parks, 2018 ...................................................................................... 34
Table 16 Comparative Enrolment Schools by Level, SY 2015-2017 ..................................................... 36
Table 17 Total Private Enrolment in Elementary by Schools SY 2017-2018 .......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Table 18 Total Private Enrolment in High School by Schools SY 2017-2018 ......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Table 19 INGO/NGO Housing Projects, City Housing 2018 .................................................................. 44
Table 20 DSWD Programs Implemented and Target Clientele,2018.................................................... 47
Table 21 Population Served by DSWD by Type of Clientele 2016-2018 .............................................. 48
Table 22 Presence of Social Welfare Services & Clientele, 2018 .......................................................... 49
Table 23 Location of Day Care Centers, 2018 ....................................................................................... 50
Table 24 Projected Number of Social Welfare Clientele, 2017-2025 ..................................................... 54
Table 25 Existing Sports and Recreational Facilities, City Sports 2018................................................. 55
Table 26 Crime Volume Statistics Comparison, TCP 2018 ................................................................... 56
Table 27 Solution & Crime Clearance Efficiency, TCP 2018 ................................................................. 56
Table 28 Comparison of Locally Sourced Revenue, 2016-2018 ............................................................ 60
Table 29 Existing Major Agricultural Crops by Area , 2016-2018......................................................... 60
Table 32 Volume and Value of Production of Fishing Grounds, 2016-2018 .......................................... 61
Table 33 Fishery Resources and Technology, CAO 2018 ..................................................................... 62
Table 34 Number of Fishermen by Type, 2016-2018 ............................................................................ 62
Table 30 Comparative Data on Animal Slaughtered (heads), 2016-2018.............................................. 63
Table 31 Comparative Data on Animal Slaughtered (Kilos), 2016-2018................................................ 63
Table 35 Area and Location of Forestland by Sub-Category and Primary Use, 2018............................ 64
Table 36 Type of Project in Forest Area, 2018 ...................................................................................... 65
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Tacloban was officially proclaimed into a municipality in 1770. Since then, Tacloban became a
trading point between the provinces of Leyte and Samar. On February 26, 1830, Tacloban became the
capital of Leyte because of the ideal location of its port. The Tacloban Port is well sheltered and has
adequate facilities.
During the American Regime, the first American military governor of Leyte, Col. Murray,
assumed office In February 1901. He opened the Tacloban port to world commerce, especially for
copra and abaca, which were exported in large quantities. Before World War II, Tacloban was the
center of commerce, education, social and cultural activities in Leyte.
On May 25, 1942, Japanese Forces landed in Tacloban and started a three-year Japanese
occupation of Leyte. The Japanese forces fortified Tacloban, improved its airfield and established San
Pedro Bay as a port of call and entry for the Japanese Imperial Naval Forces. During the Japanese
occupation, many guerilla forces were organized and the most famous was the group of Colonel
Ruperto Kangleon.
On October 20, 1944, General Douglas MacArthur and his troops landed in Leyte. Also known
as Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval war in the pacific during World War II.The Allied forces landed
in Tacloban (White Beach) -Palo (Red Beach) and Dulag (Blue Beach) and eventually liberated these
towns from the Japanese Forces after 3 days of heavy battle.
After the war, the municipality of Tacloban was now a booming locality as it became the center
of trade and industry owing to its strategic location. Traders and businessmen opened their respective
businesses in the municipality as Tacloban evolved to become an economic potential for commerce.
On June 20, 1952, Tacloban was created into a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act No. 760
signed by then President Elpidio Quirino. Its first City Mayor, Ildefonso Cinco, headed the city.
On December 18, 2008, Tacloban City was converted into a Highly Urbanized City (HUC)
by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1637. Tacloban became the first HUC in Eastern Visayas
and 34th in the Philippines. Tacloban City has now emerged from its dependency from the Province of
Leyte. From its modest beginnings, Tacloban City has grown to be the premier city of Eastern Visayas,
gateway of the region and the center of commerce, trade and industry, education, and communication
and technology. Now, as a Highly Urbanized City, economic opportunities for its people and the
nearby municipalities eventually flowed unhampered.
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Tacloban City is located in the northeastern part of the Island of Leyte, one of the islands in
Eastern Visayas or Region 8. It lays 11 degrees 14’ 38.19” north latitude and 125 degrees 0’ 18.24”
East longitude and is situated about 580 kilometers southwest of Manila.
Tacloban's original land area was 10,297.29 hectares. A survey in 1977 by the Bureau of
Lands disclosed that a certain portion of the municipality of Babatngon was actually a part of Tacloban
City. Barangay Sta. Elena in the northern part of Tacloban City which is adjacent to the Municipality of
Babatngon increased the land area by 556 hectares. In 2004, the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR-LMB) disclosed that the total larea of Tacloban, as submitted in Resolution
No. 99-001 and reiterated under Circular Letter No. 2001-21, is recorded at 20,172 hectares that
included the small islands, water bodies within the territorial bounds of the city.
2.30 TOPOGRAPHY
Tacloban City’s mean elevation is 3.05
meters above sea level. In the western vicinity,
along Naga-naga mountain range has a steep
slope of 40% with a highest elevation of 305
meters. On the Northern part, the Sta. Elena
mountain range has a steeper slope of 60.5% with
the highest elevation of 575 meters.
These ranges serve as the boundary
between Tacloban and its adjacent municipalities
such as Palo, Sta. Fe, Alang-Alang, San Miguel
and Babatngon. While on the northeastern
portion of the city proper, Kanhuraw Hill, seat of
the Local Government of Tacloban, has an
elevation of 15.09 meters above mean sea level,
lies as a landmark overlooking Cancabato Bay.
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2.40 SOILS
Tacloban City has 9 principal soil types namely: Tacloban Clay; Naga-Naga Clay; Caibaan
Clay; Pawing Silt; Caibaan Clay Loam; Pawing Silt Loam; Calanipawan Clay Loam; Nulatula Clay and
Sta.Elena Clay The following soil series are herein illustrated and defined as:
1. The Tacloban series are moderately deep, well drained, fine clayey soils found on the
mountainous areas of Tacloban City. The A Horizon is 5 to 15 cm thick is brown to yellowish-brown
granular clay loam or clay. The C Horizon below 90 cm. consist of brown to dark brown, dark yellowish
brown or yellowish brown clay loam or clay with few to common highly weathered shale.
2. The Naga-Naga series are poorly drained, fine clayey, recent alluvial soils found on the level
areas just above the swamp. The A Horizon 15 to 20 cm thick is light gray to dark gray clay. The B
horizon, 50 to 100 cm. deep, is light gray to gray clay with few CaCO3 nodules.
3. The Caibaan series are very deep, somewhat poorly drained fine clayey soils found on the
medium plain before the undulating and slightly higher piedmont landscapes. The A horizon 20 to 30
cm. thick is gray to very dark gray, reddish gray to dark reddish gray silty clay to light clay with
yellowish red mottles.
4. The A Horizon 10 to 20 cm. thick of the Pawing Clay is brown to dark brown very friable sandy
loam. The B Horizon 40 to 60 cm. deep, is strong brown to dark brown to dark brown sandy loam. The
substrata below 60 cm. consist of stratified layers of gray to grayish brown silt loam, sandy loam, loamy
sand and sand.
5. The Sta. Elena series are deep, somewhat poorly drained, very fine clayey soils found on the
slightly undulating piedmont landscape. The A Horizon, 15 to 25 cm. thick is grayish brown to dark gray
friable clay loam with strong brown mottles. The B Horizon, 120 to 150 cm. deep is very pale brown to
heavy yellow clay with yellowish red mottles. The C Horizon, 150 to 220 cm. deep is pale brown heavy
clay. Below the C Horizon buries A Horizon which is characteristically greenish gray to dark gray clay
loam, silty clay or clay with common to many highly decomposed organic matters.
Tacloban City is underlain by basement of an ophiolitic rocks forming an elongated body with
the long axis roughly oriented at NW-SE direction. The ophiolite suite consists of Tagawili Ultramafics,
Tigbao Gabbro, Paglaum Diabase Dike Complex and Caibaan Pillow Basalt. The Tacloban Ophiolite
are exposed along the mountainous areas west of the city proper specifically in Brgy Tigbao and Diit.
Chert, red mudstone, shale and sandstone of Palanog Pelagic Sediments conformably overlies
the Caibaan Pillow Basalt. Unconformably overlying the ophiolite suite are Neogene sediments of the
San Ricardo Formation and Bagahupi Formation. These Neogene sediments are well exposed near the
coastline especially in Brgys. Cablawan , Kawayan and Tagpuro. The northwestern trending narrow
ridge in Brgy Anibong is underlain by conglomerate, sandstone and marly tuffaceous shale of Bagahupi
Formation. Small outcrops of this formation are also exposed near the Tacloban City hall.
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The wide flat areas which is concentrated along the western portion of the coastline of
Tacloban City is underlain by Quaternary Alluvium. It consist mostly of unconsolidated sand, silt and
mud deposits. Topographic terrains such as swampy areas, wide floodplain, swales, ridges and ponds
are common features of this lithologic unit. The district of Sagkahan and San Jose are mostly underlain
by this rock unit.
Tacloban Ophiolite is being traversed and bounded by numerous faults that are generally
oriented parallel to the long axis the ophiolite body. Foremost of which are the NW trending faults that
defined the eastern and northwestern contact of the ophiolite body with the recent alluvium and tertiary
sedimentary rocks.
Tacloban City has deposits of metallic and non-metallic mineral resources. Metallic deposits
are mostly hosted by Tacloban Ophiolite and its related rocks. Foremost of them are copper, chromite
and iron deposits occurring in the ophiolite body. The mineralized areas fall within the jurisdiction of
Brgys. Suhi, Palanog, Salvacion , Bagacay and vicinities.
In Brgy Suhi, copper sulphide occurences has an estimation of 2,025 tons of milling grade
copper assaying 2% to 3% Cu and the presence of high grade copper assaying 8% to 11% Cu from the
vein system in the mineralized zone. Moderate- sized chromatic dunite deposit were also located at the
midstream of Guinbo-an River in the northeastern portion of the Ophiolite body. Non-metallic mineral
deposits consists of talc deposit, magnesite, red burning clay which is used for producing bricks and
pottery and dimension stone for use in the interior and exterior building design. Quarry resources such
as gravel, sand and filling materials are abundant in the areas of Brgys. Palanog, Salvacion and Diit.
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Likewise, the city has four bodies of water serving as drainage outlets of these rivers and
creeks. These bodies of water are Anibong and Panalaron Bays situated in the North, and Cancabato,
San Pedro and San Pablo Bays situated in the East. The other smaller natural drainage ways located
at the northwestern part of Tacloban, drain the watershed areas of the city such as those found in
Barangays Camansihay,Bagacay, Cabalawan, Sto. Niño, San Roque and Tigbao towards the San
Juanico Strait andAnibong Bay.
The Abucay river, located at the northwestern side of the city’s watershed area was previously
tapped for irrigation of the farm lands in barangays Abucay and Naga-Naga. It has a catchment area of
about 2.4 square kilometers and drains to the Anibong Bay. Mangonbangon River runs 5 kilometers
along the western side of the City proper and carries part of the City’s runoff, storm water and drains
towards Panalaron Bay. The upper stretch of the national highway is swampy. Its catchment area is
around 5 square kilometers. Burayan River with a total length of 4 kilometers, has a catchment area of
6.5 square kilometers, flowing from southwest to northeast on the southern part of Tacloban.
The mountainous area serving as the watershed is located west of the City. A small hilly area
partitions the Tacloban city’s central plain. The eastern plain occupies the Tacloban’s Central Business
District and the other half on the western side starts to be developed into a mixed residential and
commercial use.
Hand pumps and wells were observed at barangays Tigbao, San Roque, Diit, Bagacay,
Camansihay, Tagpuro, New and Old Kawayan, and San Jose. Water discharged from these sources is
clean and is encouraging although no measurements have been done to quantitatively determine the
flow of water. The sub-surface water is being utilized as drinking water in certain places of the city
despite the absence of technical studies.
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There are 4 climate stimuli being considered in the Forest & Upland Ecosystem namely:
Increase in Temperature, Drought, Heavy Rainfall, and Typhoon. The direct impacts to the ecosystem
are Froest fire, decrease in water supply, habitat disturbance (flora & fauna), destruction of forest, and
soil erosion.
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In the urban ecosystem, tsunami, storm surge, and typhoon are the natural hazard being
considered. The direct impact are devastating in social, economic, institutional and infrastructure and
greatly affects the entire population.
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There are geologic hazards being considered in the forest area namely: Earthquake, Faultline
and Ground shaking. The direct impacts to the ecosystem are Ground gapping, displacement of upland
dwellers, increase of dwellers relocation, landslide/rockslide, and damage to properties to name a few.
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In the social sector, there are 4 natural hazards being considered in the urban area namely:
Earthquake, Typhoon, Flooding, Storm Surge, and Incease in Temperature. The direct impacts to the
urban areas are distraction of livelihood, houses, infrastructure; lack of food and safe water; destruction
of halth facilities; and drought which later will affet the food security.
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There are 4 natural hazards being considered in the forest area namely: Earthquake, Groundshaking
and Faultline. The direct impacts to the forest areas are Landslide/rockslide resulting to damage to
wildlife, forest and affects biodiversity. The indirect impact causes soil erosion, river siltation, and
flooding at lowland.
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Based on the actual survey conducted by PSA in 2015, Tacloban City population is
predominantly Roman Catholic 94.04%; Protestants 1.96%; Iglesia Ni Kristo 0.92%; Mormons 0.43%;
Other Christain Sect .70%; Islam 0.24%; Jehovahs Witness 0.22% , Buddhist .02% and lastly Other
Religious Affiliation 1.49%
Table 1 Average Rate of Annual Increase Per Censal Year, PSA 2014
CENSAL YEAR POPULATION GROWTH RATE
1960 53,551 1.38
1970 76,531 3.64
1980 102,523 4.90
1990 136,890 2.93
2000 178,639 1.41
2010 221,174 2.16
2014 239,938 2.13
Tacloban City records a steady growing population count since 1960 until the 1980 census and
fluctuated in the proceeding years. The highest recorded Average Annual Rate of Increase recorded for
the period was 4.90% during the censal year 1980. The average growth rate after the 1990-2010
census is 2.16%. In the table below, all are actual population survey by PSA except for Year 2020
population data which was projected using 2.13% annual growth rate.
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Source: PSA,CPDO
In 2015 the Philippine Statistics Authority conducted a survey of 190,951 respondents about
Marital Status 10 Years Old and Over by Age Group. Based on the result, there are single 90,827
persons (47.57%); Married 59,943 (31.39%); Widowed 8,055 (4.22%); Separated 4,264 (2.23%); and
Live-In 27,812 ( 14.57%) in the City of Tacloban. See table below.
The same 2015 survey of 240,513 Household Population by Relationship to the Household
Head and Household Size result shows that for every household in the city there are Husband & Wife
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36.01%; Children 47.24%; In-Laws 1.68%; Grand Children 6.35%; Other Relatives 6.48%; ; Nonrelative
1.49%; Boarder 0.11%; and only 0.68% with Domestic Helper .
Also based on the 2015 survey, there are 25.70% household above 8 members; 11.71%
household with 7 members; 15.50% average household with 4 members; 15.50% average household
with 5 members ; 15.50% average household with 6 members; 10.17% household with 3 members,
4.56% household with 2 members and 1.38% household with 1 member. See table below
Household Population by Relationship to the Household Head and Household Size: PSA,2015
Relationship to HH Percent 1 2 3 4, 5, 6 7 8+
the Household Populati
Head on
Husband & wife 86,585 36.01 3,297 8,401 13,834 41,640 7,348 12,065
Children 113,612 47.24 0 1,246 7,700 55,105 15,427 34,134
In-Laws 4,033 1.68 0 2 67 1,173 619 2,172
Grand Children 15,254 6.35 0 287 841 5,082 2,101 6,943
Other Relative 15,571 6.48 0 758 1,579 6,653 1,936 4,645
Non-relative 3,572 1.49 0 204 297 1,387 429 1,255
Boarder 256 0.11 0 22 27 124 42 41
Helper 1,630 0.68 0 27 115 675 242 571
Total 240,513 100.00 3,297 10,947 24,460 111,839 28,144 61,826
Percent 1.38 4.56 10.17 46.51 11.71 25.71
Of the 138 barangays of Tacloban City, 17 are Rural Barangays and 121 are Urban Barangays.
Based on the projected 2018 population (261,043) the city’s population is concentrated in the urban
barangays with a population of 220,041 (84.29%) while the rural population count is 41,002 (15.70%).
In the following table 3.12.1, the projected urban population is shown given the rate of annual increase
of 2.13%. See table below.
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TEMPO OF URBANIZATION
In the PSA census of 2014, it reflected that the urban and rural population grew by an average
of 2.13 %. annually. It is postulated that constituents are looking towards the rural barangays for
residential purposes as the urban barangays gear for increased commercialization and industry as
Tacloban City is categorized as a highly urbanized city.
According to City Housing Office , when Super Typhoon Yolanda struck Tacloban City in
November 2013, many were left homeless. Based on the survey conducted about 59,610 families were
found out to have damaged houses. Totally damaged houses were about 28,351 while partially
damaged houses were about 31,224. However, there were about 36 Barangays identified to have
14,433 families living in danger zone and in fact, those families were the hardest hit by storm surge
during the onslaught of Super Typhoon Yolanda. The aforementioned 14,433 families were those that
need to be relocated to Northern part of Tacloban City.
With this problem faced by the city and its solution that the homeless will eventually be
relocated in the north, it is a reality that in the next few years the rural area in the north will be urban in
terms of classification as new socialized housing are being built for the said 14,443 families and other
residents from barangays living in danger zones.
Tacloban City has a total area of 20,172 hectares . It comprises 4,204.18 hectares of forest
and 6,306.68 ha. of Alienable and Disposable lands and 9,661.14 are water bodies. In 2014, the city
has a total population of 239,938 and a population density of 38.05 persons per hectare. Projecting for
the year 2018, the population would then count to 261,043 and the population density comes at 41.39
persons per hectare. In the 2014 census, household population is over 99 percent of the total
population because of the institutional population in the urban barangays. But most of the barangays,
particularly rural barangays, have the same household population and total population which mean all
their residents are members of the households.
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Accoring to the latest barangay population survey, Brgy 109A is the highest with 10,357
persons. , While Brgy 90 San Jose is the least at 61 persons only. The reason behind is that aside from
the damage of structures during the 2013 typhoon, there is also a “no build zone policy” within 40
meters from shoreline. Most of the residents in brgy 90 were relocated in the northern part of the city.
For the year 2018 the population density of Brgy. 36 in Anibong is the most densely populated
with 1,288.37 person per hectare while Brgy 90 in San Jose is the least densely populated with only
2.15 person per hectare.
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Barangay A&D 2018 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
(Urban) Area Density
Brgy 30 1.15 108.24 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 145
Brgy 31 1.74 136.73 237 242 247 252 257 262 268 274
Brgy 32 1.47 148.18 217 222 227 232 237 242 247 252
Brgy 33 1.37 229.34 313 320 327 334 341 348 355 363
Brgy 34 1.48 156.68 231 236 241 246 251 256 261 267
Brgy 35 0.81 234.22 189 193 197 201 205 209 213 218
Brgy 35A 1.12 366.57 409 418 427 436 445 454 464 474
Brgy 36 1.03 1288.37 1322 1350 1379 1408 1438 1469 1500 1532
Brgy 36A 34.4 31.66 1089 1112 1136 1160 1185 1210 1236 1262
Brgy 37 8.95 301.14 2694 2751 2810 2870 2931 2993 3057 3122
Brgy 38 2.34 200.34 467 477 487 497 508 519 530 541
Brgy 39 21.08 139.26 2934 2996 3060 3125 3192 3260 3329 3400
Brgy 40 1.18 335.17 394 402 411 420 429 438 447 457
Brgy 41 1.32 173.39 228 233 238 243 248 253 258 263
Brgy 42 1.49 640.01 950 970 991 1012 1034 1056 1078 1101
Brgy 42A 5.53 343.47 1899 1939 1980 2022 2065 2109 2154 2200
Brgy 43 1.73 250.66 432 441 450 460 470 480 490 500
Brgy 43A 2.48 573.14 1416 1446 1477 1508 1540 1573 1607 1641
Brgy 43B 6.59 314.81 2073 2117 2162 2208 2255 2303 2352 2402
Brgy 44 3.2 134.16 429 438 447 457 467 477 487 497
Brgy 44A 3.25 101.62 330 337 344 351 358 366 374 382
Brgy 45 6.17 53.52 330 337 344 351 358 366 374 382
Brgy 46 1.71 289.4 493 504 515 526 537 548 560 572
Brgy 47 3.28 197.71 648 662 676 690 705 720 735 751
Brgy 48 1.55 328.99 508 519 530 541 553 565 577 589
Brgy 48A 1.5 349.33 522 533 544 556 568 580 592 605
Brgy 48B 1.58 252.22 397 405 414 423 432 441 450 460
Brgy 49 14.74 129.77 1912 1953 1995 2037 2080 2124 2169 2215
Brgy 50 5.57 106.67 594 607 620 633 646 660 674 688
Brgy 50A 7.53 94 707 722 737 753 769 785 802 819
Brgy 50B 2.83 423.44 1198 1224 1250 1277 1304 1332 1360 1389
Brgy 51 1.65 147.84 243 248 253 258 263 269 275 281
Brgy 51A 0.65 369.09 239 244 249 254 259 265 271 277
Brgy 52 4.17 224.3 934 954 974 995 1016 1038 1060 1083
Brgy 53 4.09 140.54 574 586 598 611 624 637 651 665
Brgy 54 7.9 67.3 531 542 554 566 578 590 603 616
Brgy 54A 2.5 261.8 652 666 680 694 709 724 739 755
Brgy 55 4.29 172.75 740 756 772 788 805 822 840 858
Brgy 56 6.6 202.13 1333 1361 1390 1420 1450 1481 1513 1545
Brgy 56A 3.12 107.76 336 343 350 357 365 373 381 389
Brgy 57 4.02 287.69 1155 1180 1205 1231 1257 1284 1311 1339
Brgy 58 5.64 109.61 618 631 644 658 672 686 701 716
Brgy 59 37.38 92.06 3441 3514 3589 3665 3743 3823 3904 3987
Brgy 59A 14.87 260.44 3871 3953 4037 4123 4211 4301 4393 4487
Brgy 59B 5.9 145.83 860 878 897 916 936 956 976 997
Brgy 60 3.51 341.35 1197 1222 1248 1275 1302 1330 1358 1387
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Barangay A&D 2018 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
(Urban) Area Density
Brgy 60A 3.62 71.63 259 265 271 277 283 289 295 301
Brgy 61 6.41 56.36 361 369 377 385 393 401 410 419
Brgy 62 15.81 87.1 1377 1406 1436 1467 1498 1530 1563 1596
Brgy 62A 16.6 314.58 5221 5332 5446 5562 5680 5801 5925 6051
Brgy 62B 16.6 255.05 4233 4323 4415 4509 4605 4703 4803 4905
Brgy 63 14.53 180.73 2625 2681 2738 2796 2856 2917 2979 3042
Brgy 64 9.58 240.35 2301 2350 2400 2451 2503 2556 2610 2666
Brgy 65 9.41 134.73 1267 1294 1322 1350 1379 1408 1438 1469
Brgy 66 4.09 343.74 1404 1434 1465 1496 1528 1561 1594 1628
Brgy 66A 3.64 345.97 1258 1285 1312 1340 1369 1398 1428 1458
Brgy 67 5.54 239.04 1324 1352 1381 1410 1440 1471 1502 1534
Brgy 68 8.92 241.48 2153 2199 2246 2294 2343 2393 2444 2496
Brgy 69 22.86 105.69 2416 2467 2520 2574 2629 2685 2742 2800
Brgy 70 4.5 227.25 1021 1043 1065 1088 1111 1135 1159 1184
Brgy 71 68.57 79.41 5445 5561 5679 5800 5924 6050 6179 6311
Brgy 72 15.58 42.91 668 682 697 712 727 742 758 774
Brgy 73 4.3 90.14 387 395 403 412 421 430 439 448
Brgy 74 101.01 83.66 8450 8630 8814 9002 9194 9390 9590 9794
Brgy 75 14.77 27.97 413 422 431 440 449 459 469 479
Brgy 76 15.12 44.54 673 687 702 717 732 748 764 780
Brgy 77 70.22 49.43 3470 3544 3619 3696 3775 3855 3937 4021
Brgy 78 38.55 59.63 2298 2347 2397 2448 2500 2553 2607 2663
Brgy 79 22.64 78.6 1779 1817 1856 1896 1936 1977 2019 2062
Brgy 80 15.1 21.54 325 332 339 346 353 361 369 377
Brgy 81 58.5 15.13 885 904 923 943 963 984 1005 1026
Brgy 82 59.06 20.65 1219 1245 1272 1299 1327 1355 1384 1413
Brgy 83 7.9 317.47 2508 2561 2616 2672 2729 2787 2846 2907
Brgy 83A 9.95 148.75 1480 1512 1544 1577 1611 1645 1680 1716
Brgy 83B 71.13 49.65 3531 3606 3683 3761 3841 3923 4007 4092
Brgy 83C 10.99 352.47 3873 3955 4039 4125 4213 4303 4395 4489
Brgy 84 100.86 67.37 6794 6939 7087 7238 7392 7549 7710 7874
Brgy 85 6.29 238.64 1501 1533 1566 1599 1633 1668 1704 1740
Brgy 86 8.72 137.78 1201 1227 1253 1280 1307 1335 1363 1392
Brgy 87 59.06 49.75 2938 3001 3065 3130 3197 3265 3335 3406
Brgy 88 202.04 27.41 5537 5655 5775 5898 6024 6152 6283 6417
Brgy 89 99.71 41.43 4130 4218 4308 4400 4494 4590 4688 4788
Brgy 90 27.94 2.15 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
Brgy 91 366.4 25.34 9282 9480 9682 9888 10099 10314 10534 10758
Brgy 92 109.74 44.72 4907 5012 5119 5228 5339 5453 5569 5688
Brgy 94 97.29 27.52 2677 2734 2792 2851 2912 2974 3037 3102
Brgy 95 133.07 44.74 5952 6079 6208 6340 6475 6613 6754 6898
Brgy 95A 132.72 27.83 3693 3772 3852 3934 4018 4104 4191 4280
Brgy 96 53.98 130.62 7050 7200 7353 7510 7670 7833 8000 8170
Brgy 109 60.69 78.57 4768 4870 4974 5080 5188 5299 5412 5527
Brgy 109A 90.16 112.65 10156 10372 10593 10819 11049 11284 11524 11769
Brgy 110 191.43 21 4020 4108 4196 4288 4380 4473 4572 4671
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Overall, there is male plurality in practically most of the age brackets especially for those age
20 - 49 where there are more males to females by about 4.88%. But in the age bracket 50 and above,
the female outnumber the male by 16.20%. In totality, there are more males to females age bracket 60
and above by 1.815% of the total 2017 household population but considering the minuscule gap, male
and female seems to be in an even keel in terms of populating the city of Tacloban.
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SOCIAL PROFILE
One of the priorities of the City Government of Tacloban is the well-being of its constituents and
to bring this into motion, several activities related to the general health and welfare of the residents
were conceived in partnership with the private sector and other government agencies. This could be
quantified in the succeeding graphs and profile in the health, social services, peace matters, housing,
education and other sub-sectors contributing to the general well being and welfare of the Taclobanon’s.
Tacloban’s constituents enjoy a great deal of health package being delivered to them through the
regular conduct of Barangayan’s where most of the basic services are availed of for free such as
medical and dental consultations, medicines, child registration, personal hygiene demonstrations and
other such services which people usually get from the city government.
3.50 HEALTH
Tacloban City has sufficient health care facilities both private and public. In the government
sector, there is the Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center, a fully equipped hospital providing better
medical attention not only for the city but the whole region eight. Augmenting this is the Tacloban City
Hospital to cater to those residents who cannot afford to go to private hospitals. Four more private
hospitals are ready to fulfill the health and medical needs of the Taclobanons and these are the Divine
World Hospital; Remedios Trinidad Romualdez (RTR) Hospital ; Mother of Mercy Hospital and
Tacloban Doctors Medical Center. This will assure the people of Tacloban more health services and
medical care.
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Private Hospitals 4
St. Pauls Hospital - 179 bed capacity 1 Level 3 Avenida Veteranos
RTR Hospital - 50 bed capacity 1 Level 2 Brgy. Calanipawan
Tacloban Doctors Hospital - 32 bed capacity 1 Level 1 Mate Avenue
Mother of Mercy Hospital - 50 bed capacity 1 Level 1 Aquino Avenue
Above table shows that pool of health facilities and manpower resources is within the city. It
has 7 hospitals and 15 Barangay Health Station.There are three government owned hospitals namely:
Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center (EVRMC) at Magsaysay Boulevard and at Barangay
Bagacay which is under the Department of Health RO8. Another is Tacloban City Hospital which is
under the City Government of Tacloban. Four other hospitals are privately owned namely St. Pauls
Hospital, Remedios Trinidad Romualdez (RTR) Hospital, Mother of Mercy Hospital and Tacloban
Doctors Medical Hospital. In line with the hospital capabilities, EVRMC and St. Paul’s Hospital are
providing the highest level curative care (Tertiary Care/Level III) while others provide secondary
level/Level II.
The city provides, with efficiency, all the priority government health services in its 7 District
Health Centers and 21 Barangay Health Station . These 7 District Health Centers are all PhilHealth
accredited with PCB, MCP and TB-DOTS and 1 special health unit (MASA) accredited with PCB.
Tacloban City Hospital is a 50-bed hospital providing general adult and pediatric medical, obstetric-
gynecology and surgical care.
As to the DOH-prescribed population to health personnel ratios, the city does not conform with
the standards. As shown in table above, the city really needs additional manpower resources. We are
in dire need of doctors, nurses, midwives, medical technologists and other allied health workers that will
cater to the primary health care needs of the constituents. However, with the support of the DOH by
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providing the City Government with additional manpower resources through their Deployment Program
(NDP’, RHMPP’s, PHA, DDP, MDP), we are able to deliver efficient heath services to the public.
The different barangay voluntary workers such as the Barangay Health Worker’s (BHW),
Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS) and Barangay Service Point Officers (BSPO’s) also provides health
support services to the health centers/stations at community level. These volunteer workers serve as
our active partners in the delivery of basic health care services to the communities. All health facilities
(hospitals, district health centers and barangay health stations) in Tacloban are vulnerable to typhoons
These plans are programmed through the path of socio-economic transformation through
urbanization. The City Government is equipped to meet the health demands for this general revolution
towards progress that will give back every edge of benefit to its people. With the grace of the Lord
Almighty and the help and cooperation of its citizens, Tacloban will be one of the healthiest and the
safest place to live in the Region and the Philippines as well.
Urbanization is a major challenge in the health sector. Implementing health interventions has
been designed as a single package, backed by effective management, infrastructures and financing
arrangement. This plan is directed towards achieving the following end-goals: a) Improve health
system performance; b) Compliance to Health Regulation; c) Expansion of equitable health care
financing; and d) More responsive health system in collaboration with the different government
organizations, non – government organizations, development partners and donor agencies.
The table below shows comparative description of the health condition of the city for the past
three years (2016 – 2018).These figures are not exclusive for the residents of the city because a
modest number of residents from other municipalities or provinces who accessed the different health
care facilities in the city, given medical attention in Tacloban City were included in the statistics.
Infant mortality is 14 or 14/1000 live births (IMR). Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Neonatal Mortality
Rate (NMR) and Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) is consistently way below the MDG target for the
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past 3 years.. These deaths can be attributed to non immunization, poor management of common
childhood illnesses, poor health practice of some parents especially at the rural and informal
settlements, poor environmental sanitation, congestion or poor health seeking behavior of the family.
Factors associated with IMR-NMR-U5MR warrant not just improving maternal and child health care
programs but uplifting the socioeconomic conditions as well.
Prematurity among newborns can be attributed to gaps in care for pregnant women before,
during, and the immediate period after childbirth. – services under the domain of the City Health Office
and hospitals (private/public). Special emphasis has to be made on access to prenatal care services,
during which infections that are known to cause prematurity are detected and addressed appropriately.
The maternal mortality in 2018 remains of vital health implication. Maternal death of 14 live
births (MMR) within a year is still of great impact to our MNCHN Program. Maternal Death Review
needs to be strengthened especially deaths are all hospital based. Although there was no data
gathered for 2018. the gaps still needs to be addressed and given more emphasis especially that all
deaths are hospital based. Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCH) interventions and
advocacy campaigns needs to be strengthened. The most common maternal death causes are
pregnancy induced hypertension, bleeding/shock, obstetric complications and pregnancy related
infections. These can be attributed on the three delays: delay in deciding to seek medical care, delay in
reaching appropriate facility and delay in receiving appropriate and adequate care at the facility.
Table above shows that diseases of the lungs such as URTI, SVI, ARI, Pnuemonia,
consistently on top 5 as the most common leading causes of morbidity among all ages for the past 3
years.
Between year 2016-2018, URTI, SVI, ARI, HPN, and Pneumonia consistently ranked 1st, 2nd
3rd 4th 5th
respectively. Pulmonary TB ranked 6th and Bronchitis 7th. It is notable that of the top 7 causes
of morbidity, 5 are respiratory diseases.
The consistency of these diseases as leading causes of morbidity may be attributed in poor
environmental condition, sudden change of climate, poor health and hygiene practices especially in
rural and resettlement areas, congestion, poor health seeking behaviour and lack to financial access for
medical consultation.
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These remains to be a major problem in the city. Environment - Friendly Ordinances like anti-
spitting Ordinance, solid waste management and other related laws and regulations has to be revisited
and strictly implemented to somehow contain disease transmission. Factors such as congestion, living
in one quarter due to limited space, climatic condition, patient treatment compliance and financial
capacity is also to be considered.
The lack of permanent NTP nurse significantly impacts the implementation of the program.
Continuity of care is disrupted, gathering of data, recording/monitoring and reporting is delayed and
compromised specially in advising/scheduling patients for sputum exam, follow up examinations and
tracking lost to follow up patients (TALF) which resulted to lowering of the Cure Rate. Advocacy,
communication and social mobilization remains to be strengthened, presently there is no community
based organization established to help disseminate information and improve awareness/education in
the fight against TB.
The table above shows that in year 2018, diseases such as Pneumonia, Myocardial Infarction,
Hypertensive Cardio Vascular Disease, Septecemia, Chronic Kidney Disease are the top 5 leading
causes of mortality in the city.
Pneumonia, Myocardial Infarction (MI) consistently ranked 1st, 2nd respectively for two
consecutive years. Hypertensive Cardio Vascular Disease is at 3rd; Septicemia is at 4th; and Chronic
Kidney Disease is at 5th place. Sudden cardiac death; Congestive heart failure; COPD; and Uremia
are the new leading causes of mortality ranked from 6th to 10th place respectively..
Healthy Lifestyle, Health Risk Management Initiatives in the aim of removing the common
cause of mortality and morbidity from the top 10 line list has started. It is evident enough in the sudden
drop of lifestyle diseases in the line list as shown in this table. Health consciousness and adaptation to
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healthy lifestyle activities and exercises has contributed much. Access to regular provision of
maintenance medications for hypertensive and diabetic is also considered.
Emphasis on health service delivery must be taken into account in the prevention of onset of
lifestyle diseases through promotion of healthy lifestyle advocacies and activities.
Limitations in the provision of diagnostic and therapeutic support to these patients at the
primary health care facilities has to be considered such as lack of Medical Technologists and laboratory
equipments in providing blood chem. analysis and ECG. Provision of medications is also limited.
Nutritional Status
The City Nutrition Office is in charge in monitoring the nutritional status of preschool children in
Tacloban City .The office also provide programs and services related to nutrition with the assistance of
the trained Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS).
Table below shows the nutritional status of preschool children for the last three years. For the
year 2017, of the 19,370 preschool children weighed 84 (0.43%) were severely underweight. 626
children (3.23%) were underweight. 299 children (1.54%) were overweight. Majority of the pre school
children were normal in nutrition constituting 18,361 (94.80%)
Lack of nutritious food, lack of information, potable water, were among the contributory factors
to the increase of underweight and severely underweight children. With the efforts of the city
government and assistance from NGOs ,INGOs& other agencies supplemental feeding, nutrition
education, and trainings on Nutrition in Emergencies (NIE) were provided both to the child and mothers.
This resulted to the decrease of underweight children from 4.78% in 2017 to 3.23% in 2018.
The number of severely underweight children and prevalence of underweight children is one of the
indicators for the Millennium Development Goals under the number one goal which is eradication of
extreme poverty and hunger.
Sanitation
Based on the survey on the type of toilet used by the household conducted by City RAPID
Project in 2018, 96.40% of Taclobanon’s have access to safe disposal of human waste (sealed sewer
septic tank, pail system) while 3.60% resort to unsafe disposal of human waste ( open pit, closed pit, or
do not have toilet at all). See table below.
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Households with unsanitary or without toilet facilities can be attributed with poor knowledge on
the importance of toilet facility and it’s health effects, financial capability, geographical location of the
household and the type of land ownership. The indiscriminate disposal of human waste can resort to
cholera and other water born diseases. Human waste exposed to flies and other insects also brings
diseases to humans. However, the city have initiated interventions in addressing these issue.
Strengthened advocacy campaigns on Phil. Approach to Total Sanitation (PhATS), Water Sanitation
and Hygiene Promotion (WASH) activities has been conducted and enhanced.
At present the barangay Brgy. 106, Sto Niño garbage facility is still being used for final disposal
of the city’s garbage. The issue of garbage is serious in the sense that it causes health hazard and the
problem as to where to dispose the large volume of garbage . The city generates on the average
114.92 tons of domestic waste; 71.78 tons of Commercial Waste; 11.75 tons from street sweeping and
7.34 tons from other sources with a grand total of 225.79 tons per day.There are trucks specially
assigned to collect hospital waste that are to be treated delicately considering that they are toxic. See
table below.
The problem of waste reduction can only be solved thru waste segregation at source and
applying the 3R’s scheme (reduce, reuse, recycle). There are proposal of penalizing household that do
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not practise segregation a way of enforcing RA 9002 (Solid Waste Management) and rewarding clean
barangays as an incentive.
According to the survey in 2018 of the city thru RAPID Program , majority of the domestic and
commercial garbage in the city (61.34%) is being picked up by truck. Some of the waste are being
burned (5.99%); Waste segregation (17.00%) and Recycling (9.64%) while other biodegradable
garbage are being buried within their territories intended for composting (3.54%) and some are buried
in pits (1.07%) are solutions to reduce the volume of garbage being brought to the dumpsite. See table
below.
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CPDO projected number of deaths was based on the projected population & Crude Death
Rate for 2014. Projected area requirement for burial grounds was based on the projected no. of deaths
& the standard minimum plot size of 1.0m by 2.44m. And based on this computation, the city will need
a total of 6.8 has in the next nine years. The city has identified 2 sites for a public cemetery to be
located at the North and the other at the south. Table 18 presents the different Cemeteries and
Memorial Parks of TaclobanCity .
3.60 EDUCATION
The Philippine Statistic Authority in 2015 surveyed about the Literacy of the Household
Population 10 Years Old and Over by Age Group of 189,398 respondents. Based on the result there
are 187,170 persons that are literate (98.82%) and 2228 persons (1.18%) that are illiterate in the city
of Tacloban. See table below.
Literacy of the Household Population 10 Years Old and Over by Age Group: PSA 2015
Age Group Household Population Literate Illierate
10 - 14 24,499 24,099 400
15 - 19 28,088 27,883 205
20 - 24 25,365 25,158 207
25 - 29 20,143 19,991 152
30 - 34 17,317 17,164 153
35 - 39 14,762 14,617 145
40 - 44 12,848 12,677 171
45 - 49 11,636 11,506 130
50 - 54 10,234 10,093 141
55 - 59 8,280 8,173 107
60 - 64 6,094 6,001 93
65 & above 10,132 9,808 324
Total 189,398 187,170 2228
The Philippine Statistic Authority in 2015 also surveyed 102,653 respondents about Household
Population 5 to 24 Years Old Who Were Currently Attending School by Age Group . Based on the result
there are 71,877 persons that are currently in school (70.02%) and 30,776 persons (29.98%) that are
not. See table below.
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Household Population 5 to 24 Years Old Currently in School by Age Group : PSA, 2015
Age Group Household Currently Attending Not Currently
Population School Attending School
In response to the call for a quality and lifelong learning programs and projects the different
sectors and institutions for education both public and private are united in achieving quality education
for all. Tacloban City is faced with the challenge to sustain and maintain the city’s being the center for
excellence in education. The city government has to envision the increasing population of students from
pre-elementary up to the tertiary level. There is a need for more modern educational equipment and
facilities particularly in public schools. Trainings and capability building for teachers and other school
personnel are to be improved.
After the typhoon disaster in 2013, the education sector has fast recovered with the help of the
different NGOs, INGOs, private and government sectors. More resilient school buildings are being built.
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Trainings on disaster preparedness and mitigation is on going in the education sector. Along with this
development, there is still a need for the construction of more school buildings particularly at the
Tacloban North where the homeless victims of the disaster is being relocated. For the Tacloban North
there is a need for an estimated number of additional 384 elementary school classrooms and 255 high
school class rooms.
The Schools Division of Tacloban City has 3 levels of education the Kindergarten, Elementary
and the Secondary. Among the 3 levels of education, elementary has the highest enrolment both in
public and private schools. See table below.
ELEMENTARY 27,449 27,442 4,163 4,162 260 265 31,872 31,869 -0.01
SECONDARY - 18,230 18,567 2,985 3,105 716 692 21,931 22,364 1.97
JHS
SECONDARY - 4,293 4,899 5,950 6,263 10,243 11,162 8.97
SHS
TOTAL 54,861 55,668 13,957 14,512 1,020 1,001 69,838 71,181 1.92
Source: DEPED
There is an increase of 1.92% in the enrollment of public schools at all levels; an overall
increase of 3.98% in the enrollment of private schools. An overall increase of 1.47% for public schools
at all levels. The increase of 8.97% in Secondary Senior High at public schools enrollment can be
attributed to the students transferring from the pivate schools. The public schools are cheaper than
private schools.
Based on the 2018 DEPED City Division report, for SY 2017-2018 there are 121 public
schools; 90 private schools; and 4 state universities and colleges that are operating in Tacloban City.
There are also 46 kindergarten public schools and 33 kindergarten private schools elementary. See
table below.
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Table 23 List of Senior Public High Schools and Enrolees, DEPED 2018
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It would be noted that all public schools particularly those located at the downtown area and
San Jose are susceptible to storm surge. This was experienced during the onslaught of Typhoon
Yolanda. These public schools were also used as evacuation centers. However for the private schools
only few were used as evacuation center. After two years these schools were repaired reconstructed
making it more resilient. The schools that are high in hazard susceptibility should either be retrofitted,
rebuilt or transferred to a higher or safe area.
Some of the schools which were provided assistance from the different INGOs were able to
build a resilient school classroom or school buildings. Some of these schools are the Marasbaras
Elementary School, San Fernando Elementary School, San Jose Elementary etc. These schools are
much better than their previous old buildings.
3.70 HOUSING
Tacloban Development Group (TACDEV) was created to come up with a plan to solve the
increasing housing backlog of the city. A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) was
conducted with different stakeholders of the city CCVA analysed the city’s exposure, sensitivity,
adaptive capacity and relative vulnerability to climate change. In Tacloban City out of the 138
barangays there are 102 barangay identified as coastal barangays (RA 8550 known as the Phil.
Fisheries Code of 1998 defining coastal barangays within 1km from the shoreline)from this total HH
there are 12,012 Informal Settler Families.
Based on the Tenure Status of Housing Survey conducted by Philippine Statistic Authority in
2014, 89.29% of Taclobanon’s own house (some own the lot, others rent the lot). The remaining
12.71% of the population are renting from other house owners.
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Based on the Housing Survey on the type of Roofing Materials conducted by the city RAPID
Program in 2018, 77.10% of Taclobanons own house that uses strong roofing materials (Galvanized
Iron, Concrete, asbestos, tiles) ; Mixed predominantly light 10.80% ; Mixed predominantly strong
9.80%; light materials using nipa, cogon, anahaw at 5.90%; salvaged materials 1.50%; and lastly
Mixed predominantly salvaged materials 0.80%. See table below.
Based on projections, for the year 2018 the city needs 15,285 houses for socialized housing
and an equivalent 153.26 hectares of land for the project. There are 26 New Resettlement
Areas/Socialized Housing located at the Tacloban North . The northern portion of the city which is safe
for housing particularly in Brgy Sto Nino, Brgy Cabalawan and San Isidro have enough land area for the
relocation projects. See table below
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needs
According to City housing, in 2017, there are 7227 housing units occupied and based on the
latest barangay survey in 2018, about 25,000 persons (10% of the population) are already residing in
the three northern barangays.
Tacloban City being a highly urbanized city where economic activity is at its highest, the influx
of people also increases. There is a rapid increase of informal settlers. They have proliferated in
vacant and government lots along coast, riverbanks and creeks. With this condition aggravated by the
fast increase in population, consequentially, the problem of growing housing needs. Informal settlers
are those living in danger areas like along the shoreline, on lands earmarked for government
infrastructure, areas where there is a court order for eviction and demolition. It would be noted that
these informal settlers are mostly families who earn income in a daily basis like vendors, drivers,
farmers, fisherfolks and migrants who flock into the city to earn a living.
Different informal settlers in the city occupying an area of 37.60 hectares with a minimum of 15
sqm per household. Most of these settlers are found in the urban area especially where economic
activities are conducted. Since they are situated in urban barangays they also have access to the
different facilities, utilities and amenities afforded to the people like electricity, water, roads,
transportation
Tacloban City has more or less 15,000 illegal settlers whom the city government likewise plans
to provide housing facilities for or resettlement lots to build their own homes and live decent lives. The
city government eased the applications for low cost and socialized housing so that people can have the
opportunity to have their own houses at affordable costs. In 2018, the target number of socialized
housing units both NJA & INGO is 16,723 and a total of 6,358 were occupied. See table below.
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living out side the service area of LMWD specifically in the Northern Barangays (Cabalawan-Tagpuro)
depend on shallow & deep wells for their drinking water. Another water supplier is Mactan Rock and
San Juanico Spring water in Cabalawan which utilize sub-surface water and series of filters. It supplies
some part of V&G area and Tacloban North housing project (GMA).
Based on the result of the survey conducted City RAPID Program about the source of Drinking
Water, 97.82% of Taclobanon’s drink clean water (bottled water , piped water, tanker truck, protected
spring, etc) ; 2.18% use different unsafe source of water (unprotected spring, unprotected dug well,
dug well , rain water ) See table below
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The City Social Welfare & Development Office covers 12 programs with different target
clientele such as disadvantage children,youth, women in difficult circumstances, senior citizens, PWD
among others. Table 33 presents the historical number of population served by clientele. The
catastrophe brought about by Yolanda destroyed all documents of the office. For the year 2016, 36,589
were served but for the year 2018 83,716 clientele were served or an increase of 47,127 (equivalent to
228%).
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Table 34 presents the different social welfare facilities in the city both government &private.
The clientele served are the disadvantage persons/families, and the vulnerable sector which needs
protection.(PWD,Senior Citizen, children & women. These facilities provide different services from
financial assistance, referrals, shelter assistance, counselling, trainings, livelihood opportunities among
others.
The Women Center and Day Center for Street Children provides temporary residential care
and protection to the abandoned, orphaned, abused, exploited and neglected children, youth and
women. With the present social welfare facilities the city still lacks other facilities such as the following:
- Holding Center for CICL –this center is for the pre delinquent children and youths and children
in conflict with Law. The children in conflict with law are those children whose cases filed in
court or adjudged, and delinquent youths/ children are those that have committed crimes, but
are not filed in court but rather they are given diversion programs in the community by a social
worker, barangay council, and parents/ guardians. In most cases they are repeaters of crimes,
meaning that diversion program is not so effective in the community but is appropriate on a
center based setting.
- A hospital or center for mentally challenged persons but this is a Regional concern. The City
Government of Tacloban thru the City Social Welfare and Development Office has a budget for
the medical needs of the mentally challenged persons to residents in Tacloban City. But those
proliferating around the city about 90% comes from other municipalities and they are left
roaming around the city due to absence of mental care hospital for their confinement.
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12. Women Friendly Brgy. Advocacy o social protection issues Women in difficult
Space 106 for women circumstances and other
Sto. needy women
Niño
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The projected number of social welfare clientele in 2017 is 51,120 and 60,508 in 2025 or an
increase of 18.36%. This increase is minimal on the assumption that the social welfare clientele
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decreased because the individual clientele provided by the social services had improved his way of
living and is now self reliant. It is also assumed that the social welfare facilities had been improved and
are more resilient where the needed services were provided. Computation was based on the
assumption that 20% of the population belong to the bottom poor. The Poverty incidence in Tacloban
City is 20% based on the 2010 PSA Survey. See table below
There is also the increasing number of fitness center because the people are becoming health
conscious . Like wise Taebo Jam is also a physical fitness activity participated by many individuals. As
part of the city government’s program ‘Labs ko an Lawas ko’ Zumba is regularly conducted at the
Tacloban City Hall grounds. Trainings and sports clinic are also conducted for students , and other
youth to improve and enhance their respective sport .
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Records show that between the year 2017-2018, there was a decrease of crime solved 261 (-
2.63%). decrease of crime cleared 238 (-4.30%). The average monthy crime rate (AMCR) decreased
by 11.95%. The possible reason is the fight against illegal drugs was intensified and the conduct of
police operations against lawless elements in the city was strengthened, and police visibility was
observed as a deterrent to commit crime.
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lamp, unattended lighted candle and overheated electrical appliance amongst others. Landslide
occurred at Brgy. 43-B Quarry Artemio Mate Avenue dated January 13, 2018. A total of 3 days’
retrieval operations was done even battling the heavy rains and as result extricated and retrieved 5
cadavers .
Emergency Medical & Rescue Services and TTCFS Special Rescue Unit (SRU).
In 2018, there were 374 recorded emergencies which was responded by the EMS personnel of
Tacloban City Fire Station. 104 of these are vehicular accidents and 270 are medical emergencies.
Increasing alertness and preparedness when calamity strikes are essential in order to prevent massive
loss (life and properties). The TCFS SRU spearhead rescue operations by the Bureau of Fire Protection
R8 and coordinate with the Local Government Unit and other related agencies with regards to
evacuation, transfer to evacuation areas, and other related activities.
Inspection:
In 2018, the TCCFS inspected 8,268 establishments which is broken as follows: High Hazard-
1; Low/Moderate Hazard- 77; Non Industrial High Hazard- 96; Other Establishment-8,094. Only 7550
were issued FSIC. For the year 2018, there was an overall increase in the Fire Code Fees Collection
(National) 12.89% compared to the previous year. The TCCFS collected a total amount of Php
7,987,852.41 from various types of establishments.
The BJMP plays an important function in maintaining public safety in the country not only by
keeping the inmates where they should be but also developing the into productive citizens prior to their
eventual reintegration into mainstream society.
The BJMP has four (4) major thrusts in its Welfare and Development (WD) Programs, namely;
Livelihood Trainings and Projects; Educational and Vocational trainings; Recreation and Sports; and
Religious/Spiritual Activities. These are continuously implemented in all of its jails to eliminate the
offenders’ pattern of criminal behavior and to develop them into law-abiding and productive citizens.
HUMAN RESOURCES
In 2018, Tacloban City Jail-Male Dormitory was manned by no seventy one (71) personnel. It is
far from the ideal custodial personnel staffing of 1:7 personnel-to-inmate ratio per shift and escorting
personnel staffing of 1:1 plus 1 personnel-to-inmate plus supervisor ratio with the jail’s monthly average
inmate population for the said period of one thousand forty-two (1042) and a monthly average of seven
hundred twenty(720) inmates attending court hearings, respectively.
PARALEGAL SERVICES
A total of 7 PsDLof the jail facility were granted Special time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL). A
total of ninety (90) Persons Deprived of Liberty (PsDL) has been released thru the Plea Bargaining
Agreement. The bureau also conducted two hundred twenty five (225) Off-Site (EVRMC) and On-Site
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Drug-Dependency Test among Persons Deprived of Liberty (PsDL) who availed in the Plea Bargaining
Agreement
There are 3 hazards that greatly affect the economic sector of Tacloban City namely: Tsunami,
Storm Surge, & Typhoon. Mostly it will result to the damage to structures, closure of establishments,
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loss of revenue, increase of inflation, increased prices of food are the direct imact once these hazards
are experienced.
CHAPTER 4 ECONOMIC
As the first HUC in Region 8, Tacloban started to set its priorities in terms of economic gains
and self-sufficiency. With a healthy local economy and receptive citizenry, Tacloban City is head-on to
full development and expansion.
Based on the survey of Gainful Workers 15 Years Old and Over by Major Occupation
Household Source Income conducted by Philippine Statistic Authority in 2015, 35.60% of Taclobanon’s
are professionals (Managers, Technicians, Associate Professionals, Clerical Support); 42.68% are
Skilled Workers (Service and Sales Workers; Skilled Agricultural Forestry and Fishery Workers; Craft
and Related Trades Workers; Plant Machine Operators and Assemblers); 21.22% are Elementary
Workers ; 0.19% Armed Forces Occupations; and .31% are not reported. See table below
Gainful Workers 15 Years Old and Over by Major Occupation, PSA 2015
Major Occupation Group Workers Percent
Managers 10,855 11.65
Professionals 8,868 9.52
Technicians and Associate Professionals 6,103 6.55
Clerical Support Workers 7,370 7.91
Service and Sales Workers 19,941 21.4
Skilled Agricultural Forestry and Fishery Workers 3,393 3.64
Craft and Related Trades Workers 8,922 9.58
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 7,530 8.08
Elementary Occupations 19,779 21.22
Armed Forces Occupations 173 0.19
Not Reported 290 0.32
total 93,224 100.00
Based on the survey of the Household Source Income conducted by Philippine Statistic
Authority in 2014, 23.51% of Taclobanon’s engage in enterpreneural activites (profits, rentals, interest
& dividends from bank, crops, fishing, etc. ); 6.31% rely on assistance local & abroad; 66.33% rely on
salaries; 3.85% rely on pension and retirement.
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4.11 Crops
Tacloban City as mandated conforms with the Agrarian Reform Program and several areas
designated under the program were assigned to several farmer-beneficiaries who in turn cultivated their
respective lots contributing to the positive economic picture of Tacloban City.
For the year 2018, in terms of production by Value (Million Pesos), Vegetable topped the crops
with a total of P 47.88 million (1,596 m.tons); followed by Corn P 25.83M (1396.10 m.tons); Root
Crops 23.84M (476.78 m.tons); Fruit Crops 20.77M (1038.86 m.tons); and lastly Rice 15.03M (683.07
m.tons) . These products consequently yielded a total of 5190.81 tons of crops and a total P 133.35
million in value.
For the year 2018 in terms of percentage of value, only the Corn (15.52%); Root Crops
(23.15%); Fruit Crops (414.11%) had an increase while vegetable (-41.88%); and Rice (-70.73%) had
a decrease in terms of production by value in million of pesos. See table below.
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4.12 Fisheries
Facilitating the rehabilitation and recovery of the city’s coastal and marine ecosystems
continues to be a challenge for the LGU and the locals. Considerable efforts have been exerted by the
LGU, some National Government Agencies, Local and International NGOs as well as locals in trying to
at bring back or at least bring growth to the remaining resources left of the 2013 typhoon.
For the year 2018, in terms of production by Value (Million Pesos), Captured Fishes
(Lapulapu, sagision,etc) produced P137.26 million (1,143.84 tons) an increase of 9.20% ; Aquaculture
Fish Cage (bangus) produced P44.28 million (369.05 tons) and an increase of 231.99% ; These
products consequently yielded a total of P181.54 million 1,512.89 metric tons of produce and an overall
increase of 30.58%. See table below.
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Aquaculture Bangus in cage, Pen and Pond Culture, Mudcrab culture, Lapu-Lapu in
cage culture, Seaweed culture
Post Harvest Fish salting, Drying and Smoking, Boneless Bangus and Seaweeds
Drying and processing
To ensure that the fishery sector gets the optimum in harvest and continuously benefit from this
resource, transfer of new technologies and skills by the City Agriculturist’s Office and other agencies
safeguards this primary economic activity.
As illustrated, the following number of Fishermen by type operates along the bays surrounding
the city. There is a modest number of owner/cultivators, demonstrating that the fishery sector is a
thriving economic activity in the city. Most number of type of fishermen are the capture fisheries,
gleaning and shell collector numbering 2,383 ( 0.05% increase); followed by fish vendors numbering
1029 (0.10% increase). Aquaculture numbering 75 (no increase); Post harvest numbering 13 in the
year (no increase). The overall total of fishermen by type numbering 3,500 and an equivalent
percentage of 0.06% increase compared to last lear. See table below.
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Between the year 2017-2018 Carabao heads increased 3.63% (80 heads); Cattle meat
increase by .09% (1 head); while hog meat increased by 1.25% (376 heads). The overall increase in
terms of slaughtered animal is 1.36% (from 33,558 heads in 2017 to 34,013 heads in 2018). See table
below
Between the year 2017-201 , the number of kilos of Carabao meat increased 3.63% (14,196
kgs); Cattle meat increase by .09% (91 kg); while hog meat increased by 9.08% (117,296 kg). The
overall increase in terms of kilograms is 7.37% (from 1,787,773 kg in 2017 to 1,919,356 kg in 2018).
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Tacloban City is not self-sufficient in fish products and other marine products because of the
damage to the natural habitat in the waters along the San Pedro, Cancabato, Panalaron and Anibong
Bays in 2013 Typhoon. To remedy the situation, the city is importing fishery product from nearby towns
provinces and as far as General Santos which is abundant in tuna products.
In the animal commodity and meat sector, the local supply is inadequate and to remedy the
situation, livestock and poultry products are brought in from other provinces and regions. Also, the local
supply of rice is considered very insufficient and the city gets it’s rice allocation from the nearby rice-
growing municipalities, provinces and the regions in Luzon.
4.14 Forestry
Tacloban City has a total forest area of 3,985.53 hectares and is categorized as production forest and
protection forest. Production Forest is 1910.11 ha.; Industrial Forest is 81.99 ha.; and 1,993.43 ha.
categorized as protected area consisting of mangroves and forest areas. The table below shows the
forest areas as categorized in their specific locations.
To ensure that the city will protect our upland forest, significant reforestation projects were
adopted in 2014. Among those projects were 1. (Community Based Forest Management Areas
(CBFMA); and 2. Integrated Forest Mgt. Areas (IFMA)
In order that our shoreline will also be protected and have ecological balance, the city
encourages the local communities to support various programs, projects, and activities on mangrove
and beach forest rehabilitation and protection implemented by the city government of tacloban , DENR-
8 on its national greening program and other concerened agencies from local , national, and
international organizations.
For the year 2018, In terms Economic Activities in Production Forest by Sub-Category and
Primary Use by Value (Million Pesos), CBFM outrank the other forest concessionaire with a value of P
11.85million; followed by CSC P 8.33M; FLMA P 7.46M; and lastly IFMA P 7.19M; . These products
consequently yielded a total of P 34,860,248.00 equivalent to 417,429.00 metric tons of forest
products. See table below.
Table 32 Area and Location of Forestland by Sub-Category and Primary Use, 2018
Forest Production Area (ha) Type of Permit Volume Value (Php)
Area (m3)
Paglaum 305.82 CBFM 3,149.94 6,299,892.00
Salvacion 144.43 CBFM 1,487.62 2,975,258.00
San Isidro 90.46 CBFM 931.73 1,863,476.00
Sto. Niño 21.46 CBFM 221.03 442,076.00
PalanogResettlementl. 6.61 CBFM 68.08 136,166.00
Palanog 4.92 CBFM 50.67 101,352.00
Basper 1.8 CBFM 18.54 37,080.00
sub-total 5,927.61 11,855,300.00
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For the year 2018, In terms Economic Activities in Production Forest Areas by Value (Million
Pesos), CSC outrank the other forest concessionaire with a value of P 3.71 million; followed by
PIAFDA P 3.34M; IFMA P0.71M; BURAC P 0.60M; FLMA P 0.18M; BSIRA P0.14M; BSIRA P0.14M;
and lastly CFLA .07M; . These products consequently yielded a total of P 8,803,080.80 equivalent to
4,401.50 metric tons of forest products. See table below
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4.21 Manufacturing
In terms number of establishments in the year 2018, the top three businesses are:, Contractor
and Services topped the list with a total of 2052 establishments; followed by Gen. Merchandise -Non-
Essential (WS/Retail) with 1679 establishments and followed by Gen. Merchandise-Essential
(WS/Retail) 1199 establishments.
In the transportation sector, there was a decrease in the number of registered Motorcab for
Hire in 2018 with 2161 units (-0.74%). The same is true with the PUJ with a total registed number of
PUJ with 1459 units (-0.9.38%). As an anwers to global warming, a new mode of transportation plying
the city of tacloban which is non-oil dependent was introduced in the early part of 2018 which are the
yellow Cab (17 units) and the E-tricycle (15 units).
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4.22 Electricity
Leyte Electric Cooperative II or LEYECO II is the primary power distribution service in the city
and the neighboring towns. It has its main office at Real Street with 2 of its 4 substations also in the
city, the Sagkahan and Abucay Sub-Stations. LEYECO II has the capacity to illuminate and provide
power needs of large companies and institutions in the city and other nearby municipalities because
LEYECO II is categorized as an A+ Extra Large Electric Cooperative. Gearing towards
industrialization, investors can be assured of sufficient power supply for their respective ventures.
Based on the 2018 household survey on Source of Power for Lighting conducted by the City
RAPID Program , LEYECO is the number one source of power at 97.90%; followed by generator at
0.90%; Solar Panel at 0.50%; Other sources at 0.20% and some household have no source of power
with 0.20%.
The Sagkahan Substation houses two power transformers, Sagkahan I and Sagkahan II, with a
capacity rating of 10 MVA and 5 MVA respectively. Their combined peak demand reached an average
of 11,406 KW. This substation is operational giving out power to 3 feeders.
While the Abucay Substation has a capacity rating of 20 MVA serving part of Tacloban City and
the entire municipality of Babatngon. As expected, Tacloban City will definitely attract more big
companies to follow Robinson’s such as the Ayala and SM Group of Companies because of a reliable
power supply in the city which will in turn generate more employment even with other small and
medium business ventures as well as other economic opportunities.
In the year 2018, the overall power connection is 69,370 (5.83% increase ). The Residential
sector ranked the highest with 63,069 (6.05%); Commercial 4,517 (1.87% increase); Industrial 921
(5.38%); Public Buildings 591 (2.43%,) and lastly street lights 194 (.52%).
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4.23 Gas
Three of the large oil companies in the Philippines such as Shell, Petron have depots in
Tacloban City. Relatively, Tacloban City’s economic growth is continuously directing an upward trend
and fuel is an important factor that will propel economic activities as we are in an era where
development is supported by power and fuel. These depots could easily supply Tacloban City and
practically the whole region for its fuel needs. The city on the other hand has 50 gasoline refueling
stations and 33 LPG and petroleum products distributors.
4.24 Water
Table 36 Total Water Consumption Comparison, LMWD 2018
Based on the data gathered from LMWD, the total water consumption in 2018 was: Residential
Sector consumption 8,458,854 cu.m (2.62% increase); Commercial consumption 2,492,061 cu.m
(10.79% increase); Government consumption 1,075,591 cu.m (4.03% increase); and lastly Industrial
consumption 526,930 cu.m( 2.58% increase) as compared to the water consumption in 2017 .
Water supply in the city is a little less sufficient. According to the Leyte Metropolitan Water
District, almost all areas in the city, have insufficient water supply because of low pressure. There are
barangays in the northern part of the city that are not serviced by LMWD. Some of the concessionaires
use electric pumps to get maximum supply of water while others use deep well water pumps and/or dug
wells particularly in the northern part of the city.
Nevertheless, the city government is looking into some possibilities and ways to remedy or
improve this basic utility problem. Construction of a parallel supply from the main source is being
considered. To augment the shortage of water supply in the city, Mactan Rock which derived its source
from sub-surface and with series of filters supplies part of V&G and Tacloban North subdivision (GMA)
in barangay New Kawayan in the north. Another water service provider is San Juanico Spring located
in Cabalawan which delivers water in some parts of the northern barangays especially subdivisions.
4.25 Construction
Tacloban City is booming and the construction industry is at the core of this development
especially after 2013 rebuilding of damaged structures. The city also needs to cope up with the
demand of the increasing population both in public and private infrastructure projects. Horizontal and
vertical projects are being undertaken especially the road widening in almost all national highways and
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bridges within the city and employment generation is in the positive note as the city readies itself for this
economic transformation.
In 2018, there are 147 registered building contractors in the city aside from non-registered sub-
contractors who make their legitimate living through the registered builders. New buildings stand one
after another and new businesses open as a new face of Tacloban emerges. The construction boom is
expeditious and the physical change of the city is matched by the economic layout of a healthy
economic stature. The presence of large and medium hardware and construction material
establishments substantiate the present setting in the construction and infrastructure scene.
4.33 Transportation
Tacloban City is accessible by land, sea and air travel. It is the gateway to the south and north
by land travel through the San Juanico Bridge. Along with urbanization comes the increase in
population and consequently, transportation facilities will likewise bear the same trend. This is the
advent of modernization and advancement. For some, this may constitute a problem but it is inevitable
and a consequence of development.
In 2018, transportation around the city proper and suburbs is provided by jeepneys, multicabs
and motorcabs. In the barangays there are pedicabs plying only within its jurisdiction as this mode of
transport is not allowed in the national highways and city roads. To travel to the nearby municipalities
and provinces in the region, there are several vans, buses and mini buses to every point of destination.
There are 1459 jeepneys and 2161 tricycle , 17 Yellow Cab, and 15 E-Tricycle that travel within the city
proper to augment the demand and serve the transportation need of the population.
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Tacloban City has one operational port under the direct operation and supervision of the
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA). This port caters to local and foreign vessels, fishing boats and other
smaller motorboats. There are virtually countless of motor bancas stretched from the main port to
Quezon Boulevard. These motor bancas and motorboats are private but most are used as mode of
public transport for residents of nearby municipalities in Samar and Leyte.
Also, some travelers still prefer to travel by sea when going to the nearby municipalities or
provinces such as Samar, Southern Leyte or even to some municipalities in the Province of Leyte.
Motorboats of all sizes are docked at the wharf area side by side all through Quezon Boulevard as
passengers embark for the nearby islands, municipalities or other island provinces.
Tacloban City has an operational port and there is a regular schedule of trips to Manila and
Cebu City by three shipping lines namely:, Gothong Southern Shipping Lines, Incorporated , Meridian
Cargo Forwarders, Inc. , Oceanic Container Lines .
Based on the data prepared by CAAP in 2018, DZR Airport recorded 11,376 flights bound for
Manila, Cebu, Davao and Clark. With this air traffic volume, Tacloban City’s domestic airport is at
present lined-up for expansion. The City Government of Tacloban and the Air Transportation Office is
in collaboration with this expansion project to improve the existing facility and have it at par with other
modern airports in the country. See table below.
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4.34 Communications
Tacloban City is the axis of communications in the region. Communication facilities in the city
are attached to the present development trend in terms of expansion, technology and convenience. It
has also been in the forefront of this economic service area and the people regard this as a vital
component of development.
Bayantel, a telephone service provider, is located in the city and it is the largest company in
terms of landline connections in the city and the region. Also, two of the primer communications giants
in the country, Globe and Smart Communications has its Eastern Visayas branches in the city.
Telecommunications, television and radio broadcasts open all the communication channels in the city to
the world and the constituents have adapted so well to this trend with the use of other forms of
communications equipment such as international networking through computers and other smaller
gadgets such as cellular phones. On the other hand, the government telecommunications bureau still
cater to other clients who wish to transmit their communications through telegraphs to other specific
areas.
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There are 5 hazards bbeing considered that affects the infrastructure sector namely:
Earthquake, Tsunami, Storm Surge, Typhoon and Increase in temperature. These hazards result in the
destruction of roads, bridges, terminal, drainage, and temporary immobility of transportation. These
hazards also affects lifeline and utilities, water interruption and damage to communication facilities.
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Tacloban City is accessible by land, sea and air travel. It is the gateway to the south and north by
land travel through the San Juanico Bridge. The city built a spacious new North Bus Terminal to
accommodate vehicles going to and from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. This new facility has
improved the land transportation system in the city and brought convenience to the riding public.
TaclobanCity, a highly urbanized city is the center of aviation in the region and is the 8 th busiest
airport in the Philippines. The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport is located 4.3 nautical miles southeast of
Tacloban City proper, having a road distance of about ten (10) kilometers from kilometer zero (0) origin.
The airport runway is 2,140 meters long and 45 meters wide with 1,000 meter wide easements. The
width of the runway is enough to accommodate Boeing 737 planes. The airport is being maintained and
managed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). At present, plans are being
considered for it to become an airport of international standards.
Tacloban City has a total of 71.38 kms. road network which includes national roads, city roads,
and barangay roads. Based on DPWH data 2018, the city has 32.68 of Asphalt Roads, 36.49 Km of
Concrete Roads, and Bridges with total length of 2.407
The city government is continuously upgrading or repairing its roads and there are new ones
being constructed which are not yet included in the inventory. These new roads are being built owing to
the expansion and development of some barangays. The tables below illustrate the roads inventory in
the city and their corresponding length.
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Barangays of Tacloban City situated in the low-lying area and along the coastline experiences
frequent flooding. The city’s drainage and sewerage system is to be upgraded to conform with the
Master Drainage Plan of the city. The present sewerage drains to the 4 catchment basins in the city
namely the Tanghas-Lirang Creek, Mangonbangon River, Abucay and Burayan Rivers.
Except for the Central City Proper which is provided with a system of drainage pipes, some
built-up portions along Real Street which are drained by pipes, open canals and culverts and bigger
housing areas like V&G and Imelda Village subdivisions where networks of drainage pipes exist, the
core area is practically unsewered. In some congested and blighted residential areas and in some
subdivision, there are shallow earth ditches that are virtually filled-up and often times do not lead to any
particular discharge point.
There is a particular concern that developers of new subdivisions do not conform with the
Master Drainage Plan of the city as the subdivision residents are the most affected during heavy
downpours. Although there are designated catch basins in strategic places, the proliferation of
informal settlers along riverbanks and the clogging of waterways aggravate the situation. The existing
drainage system constructed way back in 1975 is the only structure serving the dense commercial and
residential areas in the city proper.
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Tacloban City’s Master Drainage Plan has yet to be fully implemented into the present drainage
system but in the meantime, the canals and rivers are regularly declogged and worn out drainage
pipes are likewise repaired. The increase in population parallels to the increase in garbage that clogs
the waterways and catch basins causing these habitual inundations.
Tacloban City’s main water supply is from the Leyte Metropolitan Water District or LMWD. The
water source is from Tingib River of Pastrana and Dagami, Leyte and it is inadequate. In the northern
barangays where there is no piped water service, people use deep wells or shallow wells for their water
needs. Others have their water supply delivered in tanks by LMWD while some residents resort to the
use of electric motor driven deep wells.
Mactan Rock which derived its source from sub-surface and with series of filters. It supplies
part of V&G and Tacloban North subdivision (GMA) in barangay New Kawayan in the north. Another
water service provider is San Juanico Spring located in Cabalawan which delivers water in some parts
of the northern barangays especially subdivisions.
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South Bus Terminal (2018) Robinsons Complex LGU Tacloban Passengers Lounge
Marasbaras, Tacloban City Ticketing Booths
Air
DZR Airport (1950) 81.00 hectares CAAP X-Ray Machines
Barangay 88, Tacloban City Passengers Lounge
Ticketing Offices
Luggage Carousel
Arrival Area
Airport Operations Building
Parking Area
Note : All terminals are in good condition
5.51 By Land
Transportation around the city proper and suburbs is provided by jeepneys, multicabs and
motorcabs. In the barangays there are pedicabs plying only within its jurisdiction as this mode of
transport is not allowed in the national highways and city roads. To travel to the nearby municipalities
and provinces in the region, there are several vans, buses and mini buses to every point of destination.
There are 1042 jeepneys (15.14% increase) that travel within the city and to small towns in Leyte and to
other town in Samar. There are 119 buses (38.34% decrease) that travel almost every hour from
Tacloban to other towns in Leyte , Biliran, Samar, Manila and Davao. There are 726 vans (29.79%
decrease) that travel from Tacloban to other towns in Leyte, Biliran and Samar . There are 1304
multicab (13.87% decrease) that travel within the city. There are also 2,193 Tricycle (0.32% decrease)
that travel within the city . E-tricycle is a new mode of battery operated transportation that travel within
the city as an alternative to fuel dependent vehicle. See listing below.
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5.52 By Air
Tacloban City is the center of aviation in the region and is the 8 th busiest airport in the
Philippines. The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport is located 4.3 nautical miles southeast of Tacloban City
proper, having a road distance of about ten (10) kilometers from kilometer zero (0) origin. The airport
runway is 2,140 meters long and 45 meters wide with 1,000 meter wide easements. The width of the
runway is enough to accommodate Boeing 737 planes. The airport is being maintained and managed
by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). At present, plans are being considered for it to
become an airport of international standards.
5.53 By Sea
Tacloban City has one operational port under the direct operation and supervision of the
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA). This port caters to local vessels mostly for cargo purposes. There is
a regular schedule of trip to Manila, Cebu, Iloilo, Dumaguete, Cagayan de Oro City by five shipping
lines namely:, Gothong Southern Shipping Lines, Incorporated , Meridian Cargo Forwarders, Inc. ,
Seamine Ventures Inc, Oceanic Container Lines , and Trans Asia Shipping Inc. . See table below.
Note:
Tac-Tacloban
Mla-manila
Ceb- Cebu
Ilo-Iloilo
Cag- Cagayan de oro
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Orm-Ormoc
Dmgt-Dumaguete
There are also virtually countless of motor bancas stretched from the main port to Quezon
Boulevard. These motor bancas and motorboats are private but most are used as mode of public
transport for residents of nearby municipalities in Samar and Leyte.
Tacloban City is globally linked with its varied communication facilities through international
networking using computers and other gadgets and other modern equipment. Tacloban City provides 5
internet connections namely: Globelines/Bayantel,Globe Telecom; Smart Communication/Digitel
(suncell); PLDT ; Filproducts CATV Internet Sevices.
Radio communications is another facility present in the city. There are 2 AM radio broadcast
stations, 11 FM broadcast stations, 5 television broadcast providers. Ther are also 2 cable TV providers
operating in the city.
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TYPE Address
Manila Broadcasting Company (DYVL)-AM Campitic, Palo, Leyte
Manila Broadcasting Company (DYTH)-AM Campitic, Palo, Leyte
FM BROADCAST – 11
ABS-CBN Network (Channel 2) Avenida Veteranos, Tac City
Century Communication, Inc. (DYXV 98.3)-FM YAU Bldg., Real Street, Tacloban
Manila Broadcasting Co. (DYTM 91.1)-FM Leyte Park Cmpd.., Tacloban City
Newsound Bctg. Network (DYTX 95.1)-FM Real Street, Tacloban City
Radio Mindanao Network (DYXY 99.1)-FM Burgos Street, Tacloban City
Radio Corp. of the Philippines (DYCG 96.7) Casa Anson Bldg., Lopez Jaena St.
Phil Collective Media Group (DYDR 100.7) RTR Compound, Calanipawan
Allied Broadcasting (DYAB 104.7)-FM Mate Avenue Extension, Tac. City
Tagbilaran Broadcasting Corp(DYTG-103.1) Mate Avenue Extension, Tac. City
Far East Broadcasting Corp. (PA 97.5) Burgos Street, Tacloban City
Wave Network Inc. (DYTA-99.9) Maharlika Highway, Caibaan. Tac City
CABLE TV SERVICE - 2
Leyte Cable TV Network Zamora Steet, Tac City
Filproducts CATV Services Burgos Street , Tac City
*** All the listed communication service facilities are privately owned.
The Philippine Postal Corporation holds its regional office in the city is located at Trece Martirez
Street. The reliable way of communicating through letters and written manuscripts is still prevalent,
particularly for areas in the region where there are no other available means of communications.
Altogether with other printed materials such as newspapers, tabloids and magazines, these materials
from Manila arrive on time. In addition, there are 10 local publishers of tabloids and newspapers in the
city, a proof that communications and updated information is readily available in the city.
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Considering that the dumpsite area is small, the city is serious with its segregation scheme and
the full implementation of SWM Act 9003 up to the barangay level. The city needs to implement the
waste segregation policy to make sure that only the residuals will be transported to the dumpsite. All the
recyclables and the biodegradable will not be collected by the service provider. The city also employed
night sweepers to ensure that garbage is well kept in the city proper particularly in the city streets.
Penalties will be imposed to the law breakers.
Tacloban City’s solid waste disposal system is privatized by the City Government to two service
provider namely ECI and Victoria. The City Government still uses controlled dumpsite disposal system
where the process uses soil as cover in Brgy Sto Nino.
A new dumpsite is being built at brgy San Roque. The new dumpsite hopefully will operate
within the year. Issues of right of way and road widening are the reasons why the facility is nt yet
operational.
5.80 SLAUGHTERHOUSE
The city built an new public slaughterhouse / abattoir located in Brgy. Salvacion, Tacloban City
is now operational . For health reasons, slaughtered meat (pork, carabao,etc) needs to be inspected for
diseases in order to prevent the said meat to be cosumed by the general public.
5.90 MARKET
Tacloban City has 4 public markets. The main public market is located at Tarcela Street.
There is the Magallanes Public Market, Old Road Fish Shed, the San Jose Public Market. Likewise
there are 5 private “talipapa” in Brgy. Utap, Marasbaras, Picas, Kalipayan and Calanipawan.
The main public market has three main buildings set together and faces the wet or fish section.
The new two wings are two storey buildings, the upper storey intended for dry goods section and
restaurants. In addition, there is the “Bagsakan” area where vegetable and other similar products from
other municipalities are brought for the middlemen and retailers.
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There are 5 hazards bbeing considered that affects the institutional sector namely: Earthquake,
Tsunami, Storm Surge, Typhoon and Increase in temperature. Damage of dwellings, institutional
incompetence, insufficient budget for relocation & rebabilitation and ultimately leave the people
homeless.
Administrative Structure
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The Office of the City Mayor, with the Mayor as Chief Executive, exercises the general
supervision and control over all programs, activities and projects of the City Government. Enforcement
of laws, rules and regulations is likewise under the control and supervision of the Executive Branch,
represented by the City Mayor. Tacloban City has nineteen (19) component departments and each
department has its distinctive and inherent function to assist the City Mayor in the enforcement of
activities and regulation of laws. Likewise, generation and maximization of income is another function of
the executive branch which is specifically undertaken by the treasury department.
While the Chief Executive exercises full administrative powers over the formulation of policies,
strategies and plans and the implementation of such proposals, he is ably assisted or represented by
the various department heads concentrating on their respective field of concerns. Such policies ensure
the delivery of basic services and the coordinated efforts of the various departments give an efficient,
effective and equitable implementation of projects parallel to the Vision and Mission of the City
Government, purposely to benefit the people.
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Legislative Structure
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With its intrinsic function as the check and balance in local governance, the Sangguniang
Panglunsod (SP) exerts equal powers with the Executive Branch. It performs its functions through
parliamentary procedures done in the session hall through the conduct of a regular session once a
week. Plans, policies and projects, upon its formulation in the executive branch, are then passed to the
Sanggunian for approval and appropriation of funds.
Primarily the council enacts ordinances, passes resolutions and on fiscal matters sees to the
maximum generation of resources and revenues for the development plans, programs, priorities and
activities of the city, which in substance is for the general welfare of the constituents.
In addition, it ensures the proper and equal apportioning of funds and qualifying the priorities
set by the executive branch and notes the propriety of funding requests, fund disposal and
appropriations. In which case, pursuant to the legislative authority granted by Republic Act 7160 (Local
Government Code of 1991) to the Sanggunian and in accord to the laws, the SP has the authority to
reject or approve the appropriations passed by the executive branch.
Considering the advantage of the constituents, the council acts in a cooperative stance with the
executive council on matters that generate the general welfare of the citizenry. The Sangguniang
Panlungsod is composed of 57 officials and employees, 11 of whom are elected and representatives
from the Association of Barangay Chairmen (ABC) and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK).
Resolution confirming the election of chairmen and members of the thirty (30) standing
committees and three (3) special committees of the 13th Sangguniang Panglugsod.
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SPECIAL COMMITTEE
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To be at pace with the rapid growth of the city as envisioned by the present administration, the
Sangguniang Panlungsod and its personnel earnestly maximize meager resources vis-a-vis
indisputable constraints such as, but not limited to, the lack of personnel and supplies in the
performance and discharge of its statutory mandate. Consistent with its intrinsic function as the check
and balance in local governance, the Sangguniang Panlungsod exerts equal powers with the Executive
Branch. It performs/discharges its functions through parliamentary procedures set in motion during
regular and special sessions at least once a week.
Primarily, the Sangguniang Panlungsod enacts ordinances and adopts resolutions necessary
for an efficient and effective City Government.
The Sangguniang Panlunsod is primarily tasked to enact ordinances and adopts resolution
designed to serve the general welfare of its constituents.
RESOLUTIONS
Several Resolutions have adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod relative to
recommendation for Financial assistance, resolutions authorizing the City Mayor to enter into various
contracts, Memoranda of Agreement, ratification of contracts, approval on review of Barangay
Ordinances, approval of Committee Reports, accreditation of NGO/POs
At the most, the finances, resources and budgetary requirements for services were properly
appropriated based on its prioritization and expediency. The economic, social and infra-utilities
services were given sectoral appropriations to sustain the thrust of development and support the
promotion for a better life for the people of Tacloban.
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The generation of income by the city government had a good turn-out due to the stringent
implementation of regulatory laws and ordinances and measures to make more income by way of the
economic enterprise divisions of the city government. Altogether with the judicious management of the
financial capability and regular monitoring of priority projects, the City Government of Tacloban
managed to lessen the unnecessary expense and allocated more for the development fund.
Revenues by Source
Fiscal Autonomy
Tacloban City is doing well with its income generation scheme although it could not be
categorically stated that it is not IRA dependent because it is part of the total revenue considered for its
expenditure program. The present thrust of the local government is to improve its policies and activities
for effective and efficient income generation.
Based on the actual generated revenue in 2018 as prepared by the City Treasurer’s Office, the
revenue both for local and external sources for the year 2018 is P1,282,978,521.00 an increase of
P 163,443.706 as compared to 2017 with an equivalent percent increase of P14.60%
In the local source of income, the Business Tax got the biggest share with a collection of
208,339,200.00 (9.97% increase). “Other Fees” got 144,680,625.00 (19.89% increase).; SEF, trust
Fund got P74,173,861.00 (79.41% increase); Real Property Tax got 72,593,745 (73.03% increase) and
lastly Economic Enterprise got 54,826,632.00 (30.33% increase). (see table below)
Actual Expenditures
In 2018, the CTO disbursed General Funds from various obligations amounting to P
1,331,456,834,07. The office also disbursed Special Education Funds from obligations amounting to P
51,373,861.98. In terms of percentage of the actual expenditure in 2018, the top 3 disburbed fund of
the city is the Maintenance and other Operating Expenses 34.01% of the total budget; followed by
Personnel Services 28.21%; and Capital Outlay ( Expropriation, Motor Vehicle, Furniture’s, etc.)
20.39% . See table below
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Capital Outlays
20.39%
Financial
Expenditures
Prior Year Accts
Payable
34.01% Special Education
Funds
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Climate in the city is classified by Tacloban PAGASA as falling between the boundary of Type
II and Type IV which indicates that there is no dry season and no pronounced period for maximum
rainfall which normally runs from July to December, but that rainfall is more or less evenly distributed
throughout the year except on adverse periods where there is La Niña or El Niño.
As shown in Table 1, the month of January, 2018 registered the highest rainfall with 836.30 mm
while the driest month was in August registering only 65.40 mm of rainfall.
Also as shown in Table 1, the month of February, 2018 registered the lowest temperature with
21°C centigrade while the highest temperature was in June recorded at 35.50°C centigrade. See
table below.
Month Highest Lowest Ave. Ave. Wind Speed & Total Monthly
Temp. in °C Temp. in °C Relative Direction in mps Rainfall in
Humidity mm
January 31.50 22.40 84 1 / NE 836.30
February 32.00 21.00 84 1 / NE 703.90
March 32.80 22.80 84 1 / NNE 201.20
April 32.80 23.20 86 1 / NNE 230.10
May 33.20 23.00 86 1 / SE 216.30
June 35.50 27.10 84 1 / SSE 223.30
July 34.50 23.50 83 1 / NE 267.20
August 35.20 23.20 78 1 / NE 65.40
September 34.50 22.50 81 1 / NE 82.50
October 34.00 23.50 84 1 / NE 76.50
November 33.20 21.50 89 1 / NNE 362.10
December 31.60 22.60 88 1 / NNE 610.40
Climate Projections
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An important and primary process was the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA)
carried out by key local and regional agency stakeholders in partnership with UN Habitat. The process
was a mixed of methodology of UN Habitat’s vulnerability and adaptation assessment (VAA) and
HLURB’s supplemental guide to CLUP preparation. This is a flexible and participatory process of
identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing the overall vulnerabilities of the city determined through the
area’s exposure to Climate-induced and natural hazards, the degree by which a sector can be affected
by the hazards considering the existing and potential impacts or losses, and the status of their
capacities to adapt, avoid or reduce the impacts of the changing climate and its biophysical effects. This
process increases the awareness of the key stakeholders and guides local planners and decision-
makers in policy formulation, action planning and Investment programming.
The results of the assessment has spin-off the updating of the city’s Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) and Comprehensive Development Plan CDP (CDP). It also informed the crafting of the
City’s Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) and Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Plan (LDRRMP).
In 2011, DOST-PAGASA published “Climate Change in the Philippines” as a reference for long
term spatial planning and medium term multi-sectoral planning of local government units. The changes
in climate for 2020 and 2050 were projectedusing the mid-range emission scenario (A1B) developed by
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The A1 scenarios considered rapid economic
growth, global population that rose to 9 billion then gradually declines quick spread of new and efficient
technologies, and extensive social and cultural interactions worldwide. The A1B has a balanced
emphasis on all energy sources both fossil and non-fossil fuels. Based on the climate projections,
TaclobanCity will be affected by 3 major climate change drivers: increasing temperature, changes in
rainfall in various seasons, and increasing occurrences of extreme events in 2020 and 2050.
Temperature
Under the A1B scenario the projected mean monthly temperatures in the Philippines are
expected to rise by about 0.7ºC to 1.1ºC for 2020 and 1.6 ºC to 2.2 ºC by 2050.
For Tacloban City, the projected changes of monthly mean temperature indicate increasing
trends both in 2020 and 2050 using the A1B scenario.It is to be noted that all the projected changes are
relative to the baseline (1971-2000) climate. The figures below illustrate the average mean temperature
for Tacloban City.
29
28
OBS
27
2020
26
2050
25
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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For 2020 and 2050. Tacloban City’s seasonal patterns changed, with the second quarter (April,
May, June) registering the highest mean temperature increase average mean temperature increases
both in 2020 and 2050, at, and will extend until August.
Minimum Temperature
Future changes in the monthly average minimum temperature is expected to increase from
0.7°C to 1.1 °C in 2020 and from 1.5°C to 2.3°C in 2050.
Table
45.
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Minimum Temperature
Tacloban
Projected Change BIAS CORRECTED PROJ CHANGE
MEAN (°C ) TMIN
Month BIAS
Observed Model
2020 2050 1971-2000 2020 2050
1971-2000 1971-2000
Jan 23 25 2 0.8 1.5 23 23.8 24.5
Feb 23 25 2 0.9 1.5 23 23.9 24.5
Mar 23.3 25.5 2.2 0.8 1.7 23.3 24.1 25
Apr 24.3 25.9 1.6 1 2 24.3 25.3 26.3
May 25 26.2 1.2 1.1 2.1 25 26.1 27.1
Jun 24.8 26.1 1.3 1.1 2.3 24.8 25.9 27.1
July 24.6 26 1.4 1.1 2.2 24.6 25.7 26.8
Aug 24.6 26.1 1.5 1.1 2.2 24.6 25.7 26.8
Sept 24.5 26.1 1.6 0.9 1.9 24.5 25.4 26.4
Oct 24.4 25.4 1 1 1.9 24.4 25.4 26.3
Nov 24.1 25.3 1.2 0.9 1.7 24.1 25 25.8
Dec 23.6 25.3 1.7 0.7 1.6 23.6 24.3 25.2
Maximum Temperature
Future changes in monthly average maximum temperature indicate increasing trend in 2020
from 0.7°C to 1.1 °C in 2020 and from 1.6°C to 2.2°C in 2050.
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Rainfall
There are varied trends in the magnitude and direction of the rainfall changes, both in 2020 and
2050. What the projections clearly indicate are the likely increase in the performance of the southwest
and the northeast monsoons in the provinces exposed to these climate controls when they prevail
over the country. Moreover, the usually wet seasons become wetter with the usually dry seasons
becoming also drier; and these could lead to more occurrences of floods and dry spells/droughts,
respectively.
Future changes in rainfall in Tacloban show generally increasing trend in rainfall during the wet
season from 0.3% to 58% and decreases in rainfall from -2.9% to -33.7%. The highest decrease in
rainfall is projected during the month of April from -27.9% to -33.7% which is considered the driest
month of the year in Tacloban. It is important to note that Tacloban is characterized as Type 2 climate
where maximum rainfall is observed from November to February. Projected changes in rainfall are
expected during the months of September to February except for the month of January. Generally
projected changes in rainfall in Tacloban indicate increase in rainfall during the wet season and
decreases in rainfall during the dry season as shown below.
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400
200
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
OBSERVED BASELINE (1971-2000) 2020 (2006-2035) 2050 (2036-2065)
The drier seasons of March-April-May will become drier still in most parts of the country in 2020
and 2050. Likewise the wetter seasons of June- August and September-November will become wetter
in Luzon and Visayas in 2020 and 2050. The model indicated that anthropogenic climate change will
probably lead to an active southwest monsoon in Luzon and Visayas as evident in future increases in
rainfall which is more pronounced in JJA and becoming greater with time.
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86
Percent (%)
81
76
OBS
71
2020
66 2050
61
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Tacloban City’s monthly relative humidity is decreasing in 2020 onwards to 2050, from its
observed data (baseline of 1971-2000). The decrease is sharp in the months of MAM and August but
increases in November to December. With a scenario of rapid growth, Tacloban City’s future climates in
the next 30-40 years will be greatly influenced by past carbon emissions. Tacloban City needs to
introduce new and more efficient technologies to respond to the impacts of decreasing humidity to
different key sectors and systems, such as population, school and health facilities/services, water and
agriculture.
Table 47. Projected Change in Average Relative Humidity, Tacloban City
Extreme Events
The increasing trend in the frequency of occurrence of extreme events, including the episodes
of El Nino and La Nina phenomenon, poses threat in the City. PAGASA projections revealed that the
number of days with maximum temperature greater than 35 °C will increase to 1398 days and 2495
days in 2020 and 2050, respectively. The current observation of dry days for the same time period has
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reached 6874 while the projected figure is 5199 days in 2020 and is expected to increase to 5475 days
in 2050. Further, the projected number of days that will pour a rainfall amounting to more than 150 mm
will be 10 days in 2020 and 15 days in 2050. Projections on change in temperature and total frequency
of extreme events are presented in the table below.
Table 48. Frequency of Extreme Events, Tacloban City
Following the processes and templates provided in the Supplemental Guide to CLUP
preparation, the technical working group of Tacloban City analyzed further the projected climate
changes of the city, specifically the climate variables such as temperature increase/decrease, rainfall
increase/decrease and number of days with extreme events. Reference periods of 2020 and 2050 were
followed. These information led the TWG to derive and analyze the patterns of change of urban system,
agriculture, coastal/marine resource, forest/upland and sub-sectors such as population, critical
infrastructure and lifelines. Below is the summary of projected climate change in the city:
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Source: GIZ
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Based on the data above, there is a possible 1cm sea level rise every year in Tacloban City. In the next
50 years, half meter (50cm) of sea level rise is alarming considering that some parts of the city is within
low slope (0-1%). Some part of the city will be submerged because of frequent flooding causing
damages to the ecosystem and biodiversity.
Tacloban, in the past decade, has been used to frequent typhoon occurrences with speed and
strength averaging at 180-220 kph. In the next 2 decades the frequency of typhoons will be the same
but the Intensity will grow stronger. Super typhoon Yolanda, in 2013, is an example wherein 378 kph of
gustiness was experienced. Similar super typhoons are being experienced in other parts of the world
after Typhoon Yolanda.
Climate Trends
PAGASA recorded 63 tropical cyclones that passed through the Province of Leyte within the
period 1948-2013 where ST Yolanda was the strongest and deadliest so far.
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While barangays in the country differ in risks to hazards, all 138 barangays of the City are
susceptible to typhoons. Barangays in the northern portion of the city are most prone to rain-induced
landsides while flood hazard is mostly contained in the city proper and in low-lying barangays. The San
Jose District, which is composed of several barangays, is most likely to be affected by the storm surge
hazard together with the rest of the barangays along the Cancabato Bay, San Pedro and Anibong Bays
as the district stretches along the city’s sea coast.
The City of Tacloban has experienced various types of natural disasters in the past. Only a
number of these occurrences have been recorded but quite a number have been without any data or
record. The City’s Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO) have identified a
number of significant events in the past decade. The table below lists some of those events which
resulted in loss of lives and damages to property. The figure below illustrates that most of the
barangays in Tacloban City are susceptible to soil liquefaction, flooding and tsunami.
Eartquake-induced landslide
Fault line
Storm Surge
Rain-induced Landslide
Tsunami
Flooding
Soil liquefaction
0 50 100 150
No. of Brgys
Flood Prone
Low-lying Areas are particularly susceptible to flooding. This problem is aggravated by
inadequate drainage facilities, encroachment on drainage ways, clogging of drainage systems and
removal of vegetation in the watersheds. Low areas along the open coast are susceptible to storm
surges. Storm surges occur during the very strong typhoons with strong winds and heavy downpour,
and sometimes even during strong monsoons. Storm surges that affected Tacloban City in the past
have been documented. This means that this potential hazard still exists (Gonzales, 1994). (See map
below)
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The low-lying areas that are prone to flooding are the lowland plains southwest of the City
proper, which include portions of Apitong, Sagkahan, Caibaan, Calanipawan, all of Marasbaras and
San Jose, portions of Tigbao, Diit, Cabalawan, San Isidro, Tagpuro, Old Kawayan, New Kawayan and
Tacloban City. The coastal areas that are particularly susceptible to storm surges are the coastal
barangays of San Jose, Marasbaras and Tacloban City proper. Their proximity to deeper and open
waters (especially San Jose which is facing the San Pedro Bay), qualifies these places as a surge
prone area, especially during typhoons and strong monsoons.
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Landslide
Slope erosion caused by heavy surface runoff during strong rains often occur in elevated areas
with considerable steepness of slopes and covered with unconsolidated or loose rocks and alluvium.
This can also occur in places where heavy surface runoff occurs and natural vegetative cover is scarce
or absent, such as denuded hills covered with cogon grass instead of trees. These conditions are
present mostly in the mid-section towards the southern portion of the Western Mountain and hilly chains
of Tacloban, especially in slopes with minimal vegetative cover. The northern section of this
mountainous chain also has some slope erosion potential, but these can be more related to
earthquake-generated landslides rather than those caused by surface water run-off.Lately, there have
been landslide events that occurred in the city as in the case of Bagacay, Anibong, and Camansihay
which unfortunately caused casualties and damage to properties.
Revegetation of the denuded, steep-slope areas can be an effective measure to limit slope erosion and
landslides in vulnerable areas. Engineering measures, when possible, such as slope stabilization, can
be applied in landslide-prone areas where major infrastructures, such as Natl. Roads, are located.
Knowledge of these areas is also important in guiding the location and development of new
infrastructure. The strict enforcement of laws prohibiting the families from occupying the landslide prone
area is another way of minimizing casualties in the event of thatthese disasters occurs.
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Earthquake
Tacloban City is generally close to the active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ), the ‘high angle fault
line’ that runs through the middle of Leyte Island. The PFZ is a major earthquake generator and may
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have been the immediate source of earthquakes that has affected Tacloban City in the past. The
Philippine Trench (PT), which is located at the eastern coast of Samar but quite far from Tacloban, can
also be an earthquake generator on a lesser degree than that of the PFZ. See structural map.
The two minor thrust faults immediately located near Tacloban City may or may not pose a
direct threat to the City itself. This is because of the nature of activity of these geological structures may
not have been completely established, as to whether the faults are still active or not. Previous reports
inferred that these structures have been inactive for quite sometime, but recent studies will help in
confirming this problem (Balce, C., pers. Comm.., 1997).
Most of the city areas are underlain by igneous rocks represented by the Tacloban Ophiolite,
especially in elevated areas like Salvacion and Tigbao. Settlements and structures located over these
areas are less susceptible to ground shaking because igneous rocks generally provide better
foundation for infrastructures.
Areas that are underlain by loosely stratified sedimentary rock units and recent alluvial and
sand deposits are more susceptible to ground shaking. The presence of weak planar contact between
the different beds of sedimentary rocks, as well as their lower density as compared to igneous rocks,
allow for an increased effect of ground shaking.
The stronger shaking is more prevalent on thick and poorly stratified alluvial soils and poorly
compacted or constantly wet sands because these sediments are loose enough to be re-mobilized
during ground shaking.
Areas wherein these conditions allow for a strong, ground shaking potential are the areas
underlain by all the sedimentary rock units and recent alluvial and sand deposits. Most of these areas
are located along the rolling to low-lying coastal areas of the city such as the city proper, San Jose and
the Airport area, the low-lying areas southeast of the city proper, and narrow low-lying portions along
the coast facing San Juanico Strait.
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Storm Surge
Low areas along the open coast are susceptible to storm surges. Storm surges occur during
strong typhoons with strong winds and heavy downpour. There are a number of Storm surge
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occurrences that affected Tacloban City in the past that have been documented. This means that this
potential hazard may still affect the City in the future (Gonzales, 1994). The coastal areas that are
particularly susceptible to storm surges are the coastal barangays of San Jose, Marasbaras and
Tacloban City proper. Their proximity to deeper and open waters (especially San Jose which is facing
the San Pedro Bay), qualifies these places as a surge-prone area, especially during typhoons. The
coastal areas along the San Juanico Strait have a low surge potential as these places normally have
relatively calm waters and are next to a small body of water.
When super typhoon Yolanda struck the City in November 2013, the hardest hit areas were
those located near the coast wherein houses, infrastructures, and utilities were damaged. The height of
the storm surge reached up to 15 feet in some areas and the water reached the second floor of
buildings and practically covered one-storey high structures in other low-lying locations. The worst hit
areas were in the coastline of San Jose, Fatima Village to Magsaysay Boulevard, Anibong Area, and
Nula-tula to Diit.
To discourage families from building in the storm surge area, there is a no dwelling policy within
40 meters from the shoreline wherein residential structures are not allowed. The worst hit were in the
coastline of San Jose, Fatima Village to Magsaysay boulevard, Anibong Area, Nula-tula to Diit. There is
a proposed tide embankment and road hightening to counter the effect of storm surge in the future.
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Liquefaction
Liquefaction of the ground is also associated with this ground shaking motion. This process
usually happens in regions that are underlain by loose or compacted and/or wet sands, and poorly
consolidated, compact or loose alluvial sediments. Tacloban City had been identified as one of the
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places in the Philippines with a strong potential for liquefaction (Torres, et.al., 1994) The location of the
Airport in San Jose, which is southeast of Tacloban City proper is susceptible to this kind of hazard.
Proper foundation, structural and soil engineering measures can be applied for built structures
in areas, that are prone to both ground-shaking and liquefaction hazards. The basement bedrocks that
can be stable and can withstand the effects of earthquakes may not be too deep to reach for laying
foundation to large-scale, high density structures.
Undertaking a detailed geological and geotechnical studies in the area will be of great
importance as this will help in understanding the mechanics of the immediate geological structures, as
well as the geotechnical properties of the rocks and sediments. All of these measures will greatly
minimize the adverse effects of earthquake-related hazards in prone areas. (see map below)
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Tsunami
Tacloban City is generally close to the active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ), the ‘high angle fault
line’ that runs through the middle of Leyte Island. The PFZ is a major earthquake generator and may
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have been the immediate source of earthquakes that has affected Tacloban City in the past. The
Philippine Trench (PT), which is located at the eastern coast of Samar but quite far from Tacloban, can
also be an earthquake generator on a lesser degree than that of the PFZ. See structural map.
Low areas along the open coast are susceptible to tsunami. Tsunami occur during strong
earthquake. There is tsunami that affected Tacloban City in the past that have been documented. But
that the potential hazard may still affect the City in the future (Gonzales, 1994) since we are directly
parallel to the Philippine Trench and if a strong earthquake occurs within the Pacific Ocean particularly
in Leyte & Samar Area . The coastal areas that are particularly susceptible to Tsunami are the coastal
barangays of San Jose, Marasbaras and Tacloban City proper. Their proximity to deeper and open
waters (especially San Jose which is facing the San Pedro Bay), qualifies these places as a tsunami
area, especially during strong earthquakes. The coastal areas along the San Juanico Strait have a low
tsunami potential as these places normally have relatively calm waters and are next to a small body of
water.
In the event that a tsunami will occur in the future, the hardest hit that will be affected by
tsunami are those located near the coast wherein houses, infrastructures, and utilities will be damaged.
Based on several studies, the behavior of the surge during typhoon Yolanda and the Tsunami are
similar and the height of the tsunami will reached up to 15 feet in some areas and the water reached
the second floor of buildings and practically covered one-storey high structures in other low-lying
locations. The same areas will be damaged particularly in the coastline of San Jose, Fatima Village to
Magsaysay Boulevard, Anibong Area, and Nula-tula to Diit.
To discourage families from building in the storm surge and tsunami area, there is a no
dwelling policy within 40 meters from the shoreline wherein residential structures are not allowed. The
coastline of Tacloban particularly San Jose, Fatima Village to Magsaysay boulevard, Anibong Area,
Nula-tula to Diit are the most tsunami prone areas. There is an on-going tide embankment and road
hightening to counter the effect of tsunami and storm surge in the future.
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A large portion of the city is at risk to flood particularly in areas 1, 2, 4, 5,6,7,8, and10. On the
other hand, most of the northern part of the City (area 9) and in the San Jose area (area 3) have low
riskto flooding.
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Majority of the population are located on a low slope area and less exposed in terms of
landslide except for some area wherein the population is located in steep slope, unstable ground and
low-land cover. Barangays in the northern portion of the city are most prone to rain-induced landsides.
See Exposure Map above.
Majority of the city is at low risk in terms of landslide except in Areas 1 (Brgy. 3, 65, 66, 66A,
67, 68,), 8 (Brgy. 39, 42A), 5 (Brgy. 49,43B), and 10 (Brgy. 50A).
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In the event that an earthquake will struck Tacloban City, majority of the population will be at
risk to earthquake considering that the City is densely populated and some structures are already
dilapidated. The population on the northwestern part of the city is at less exposed considering that it is
located in a stable soil-location and few people reside in the area.
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The map above illustrates the areas in the City at high risk to the possible negative effects of
an earthquake. The densely populated southern part, which includes the downtown area, is most
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vulnerable to earthquakes. The strict enforcement of the Building Code plus the planning of evacuation
routes for the population must be ensured to adapt to the risk.
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The potential to experience another occurrence of storm surges is mostly felt by communities
located along and near the coast of the City. These communities are the heavily populated locations in
Tacloban. Measures have been enacted to minimize or even remove the risk to the exposed
population. The relocation of families to the north has been an effort to resettle displaced families in
areas relatively free from storm surge hazard. The map below shows the exposed communities:
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In the event that a 3m high storm surge will struck Tacloban City again, majority of the southern
part of the city is at risk to surge considering that it is densely populated and most structures are at a
low level (3m average). The scenario can only be changed once the tide embankment is realized,
which is expected to protect the southern part of the city. The northern part of the city is at low risk to
surge since that most structures are at a higher elevation except at some parts in Brgy. Diit and Brgy.
Bagacay.
7.55 Exposure and Risk of Urban Use to Flood
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Majority of the southern part of the city is exposed to flooding since most structures are at a
low elevation and the drainage system needs to be improved and expanded. The northern part of the
city experiences low exposure to flooding considering that most structures are located at a higher
elevation except at some parts where there are settlements beside the rivers. The scenario can only be
changed once a fully operational drainage system is in place.
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The map above shows the risk of urban use to flooding. The urban communities in the south
will be most at risk to flooding in the event that continuous heavy rainfall will be experienced in
Tacloban City since most urban structures are at a low elevation and the drainage system in the area
has to be rehabilitated.
7.56 Exposure and Risk of Urban Use to Landslide
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Except for some area in the south, the northern part of the city is generally with low exposure to
rain-induced landslide considering that most structures are at low slope. Most of the relocation sites in
the north are outside the danger zone. As a precautionary measure, the City discourages settlers to
reside in identified landslide-prone areas. The strict implementation of the law regarding vulnerable
areas to landslide must be ensured.
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The southern part of the City is at risk to rain-induced landslide. These barangays are 66, 66A,
67, 3, 49, 50B, 42A, 43B, and 39 considering that these communities are located within steep slope
with little vegetation to mitigate effects. On the other hand, Tacloban North is at low risk to rain-induced
landslide considering that most communities are located at low-slope areas except some parts of Brgy.
Diit, Brgy. Camansihay, and Brgy. Palanog.
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The map above details the urban use exposed to earthquake hazard. It is the central and southern part
of the City most exposed as these areas contain majority of the urban use facilities.
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In the event that an Int. 7 magnitude earthquake will be experienced in Tacloban City, most of
the city will be exposed to the negative effects considering that many structures are within the danger
zone as identified by MGB and many of these are dilapidated and some do not conform to building
standards.
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Most of the barangays near the coastal zone of the City are exposed to storm surges. These barangays
are heavily populated and have some of the major urban use facilities of the City. Since the likelihood of
a strom surge happening is quite high, it is encouraged to adapt to this possibility by such measures as
building multi-level structures and the relocation of vulnerable families to elevated locations. The
protection of vital urban structures is necessary for sustainability even after the occurrence of storm
surges.
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The map above shows the exposure of urban use to storm surge. The various classifications
highlighted in different colors makes apparent the susceptibility of major urban use facilities in the
central and southern areas of Tacloban City.
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The Natural Resources located in the northern portion of the city are highly exposed to flooding
because they are located in low land. On the other hand, some areas are at low risk to flooding
considering that they are occupying higher elevation especially forest production areas.For those
agricultural areas in low-lying topography, proper drainage will help solve the problem of flooding.
The flooding hazard may affect the sustainability of production in agricultural communities if not
mitigated. It is essential to ensure that these areas are free from flooding so as not to affect the City’s
food source.
The map above shows large areas in the northern and western part of the City exposd to flooding.
These are in Brgy. Bagacay, Tigbao, San Isidro, Tagpuro. Some agriculture areas are at low risk to
flooding such as portions of Barangay Cabalawan, Diit, and New Kawayan.
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There are some portion of the northern part of the city utilized for forest production that are
exposed to landslide especially areas occupying steeper slopes. Some areas that are exposed to
landslide are utilized for agricultural use but are less vulnerable since there are few settlements in the
area. The matrix below details affected barangays including the potential effect to production in crops
produced in the identified areas.
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The map above highlights the natural resources areas susceptible to landslides.
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The northern part of the city is highly exposed to earthquake. They occupy a low slope area
utilized for Agricultural Purposes. Areas wherein these conditions allow for a strong, ground shaking
potential are the areas underlain by all the sedimentary rock units and recent alluvial and sand
deposits. Forest Production area are located on a stable soil and therefore at low exposure to
Earthquake as identified by MGB.
Risk of Natural Resources to Earthquake
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In terms of Natural resources, the northern part of the city is at high risk to earthquake. These
include Brgys.93,94,97,99,101,102, 105 & 106. Areas wherein these conditions allow for a strong,
ground shaking potential are the areas underlain by all the sedimentary rock units and recent alluvial
and sand deposits.
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In terms Natural Resources, agricultural areas beside the coastal areas and at low elevation
were flooded during typhoon Yolanda. Barangays Bagacay, Tigbao, Cabalawan, Diit, Old Kawayan,
San Isidro, and Tagpuro. These barangays occupy a large portion of agriculture areas and at highly
exposed to storm surge .
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In terms Natural Resources, agricultural areas beside the coastal areas and at low elevation
were flooded during typhoon Yolanda. These are Barangays Bagacay, Tigbao, Cabalawan, Diit, Old
Kawayan, San Isidro, and Tagpuro. These barangays occupy a large portion of agriculture areas and at
high risk to storm surge in the future.
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In terms of Critcal Facilities, some parts of the northern portion of the city are at high risk to
flood especially schools located in Brgy. Tigbao, Diit. Old Kawayan, and Tagpuro. The low-lying areas
at the southwest of the City proper are at risk to flooding where many schools are located which include
the downtown area, barangays Apitong, Utap, Marasbaras, and Sagkahan.
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The map above highlights important critical facilites that are at risk to landslide. Some of these
facilities include schools located in the Anibong Area (Brgys 66, 66A, 67).
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The map above illustrates the Critical Point Facilities in the City susceptible to earthquakes. A
large portion of the central and southern parts of Tacloban City are most vulnerable considering that
these facilities occupy unstable land as identified by MGB.
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Tacloban City has quite a number of Critical Facilities spread over its land area. The preceding
map highlights facilities in various areas susceptible to storm surge. While most of these facilities are
near the coast, some in Northern portion of the city are also vulnerable to storm surge. These facilities
are situated in Brgys. Diit, Bagacay, Cabalawan, Old Kawayan, and Tagpuro.
Table 50. Summary of Impact Chain Analysis
SYSTEM CLIMATE MAJOR IMPACTS & AFFECTED AREAS
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Majority of business
establishments were heavily
damaged by storm surge and
strong winds
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7.61 Flood
DECISION
DECISION TECHNICAL AREA IMPLICATION POLICY
AREAS FINDINGS DESCRIP S INTERVENTION
TION
Population 18,373HH (72,455 Area 1,2 Cost of lives Temporarily move
persons) are at high vulnerable people to
risk to flood resilient evacuation
centers
Population 9.74% of the affected Area 3,4 No decent Assist the poor to
HH live in makeshift housing retrofit structures
housing against disasters
Population 44.15% of the affected Area 5,6 Hunger Enhance 4P's program
household live below to uplift the cost of living
the poverty threshold standards of the poor
Population 21.05% of the affected Area 7,8 No decent Intensify the program to
HH are informal housing have a new decent
settlers house for the poor
Population 0.23 % of the HH are Area 9,10 Cost of lives Periodic nutritioning to
malnourished the poor in order to
address malnutrition
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DECISION
DECISION TECHNICAL AREA IMPLICATION POLICY
AREAS FINDINGS DESCRIP S INTERVENTION
TION
Natural 728 hectares of Brgy. Food security Retrofit the Agri-
Resources agricultural products 93,94, 97, in peril Structure
are expected to be 99,101
damaged due to
flooding costing to
17.15M
Natural An average of 50% of Brgy Food security Intensify city programs
Resources the affected 102,105, in peril that addresss
agricultural areas have 106, 108 alternative livelihood
access to alternative
livelihood
7.62 Landslide
DECISION
DECISIO TECHNICAL AREA IMPLICA POLICY
N AREAS FINDINGS DESCRIP TIONS INTERVENTION
TION
Population 2,475 HH (10,602 Brgy. 3 Cost of Temporarily move
persons) are at high Lives vulnerable people to
risk to landslide resilient evacuation
(6.09% of the total centers
population)
Population 9.43% of the affected Brgy. 66 No Assist the poor to retrofit
HH live in makeshift decent structures against
housing housing disasters
Population 59.28% of the affected Brgy 66A Hunger Enhance the 4P's
household live below program to uplift the
the poverty threshold cost of living standards
of the poor
Population 28.16% of the affected Brgy. 67 No Intensify the program to
HH are informal decent have a new and decent
settlers housing housing for the poor
Population 0.42 % of the HH are Brgy. 70 Cost of Periodic nutritioning to
malnourished Lives the poor in order to
address malnutrition
Population 34.05% of the affected Brgy. 49 Cost of Priority assistance to the
HH are young and old Lives dependents in times of
dependents disaster
Population 25% are PhilHealth Brgy. 37A Some Government program to
members have no make health care free
access for the needy
to health
care
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DECISION
DECISIO TECHNICAL AREA IMPLICA POLICY
N AREAS FINDINGS DESCRIP TIONS INTERVENTION
TION
landslides
7.63 Earthquake
DECISION
DECISION TECHNICAL AREA IMPLICATIO POLICY
AREAS FINDINGS DESCRIP NS INTERVENTION
TION
Population 5,064 HH (235,390 Area1, 2 Cost of lives Temporarily move
persons) are at high vulnerable people to
risk to earthquake Int. resilient evacuation
7 centers
Population 20.35% of the Area 3, 4 No decent Assist the poor to
affected HH live in housing retrofit structures
makeshift housing against disasters
Population 38.07% of the Area 5,6 No decent Intensify the program
affected HH are housing to have a new and
informal settlers decent housing for
the poor
Population 1.017% of the HH are Area 7,8 Cost of lives Periodic nutritioning
malnourished to the poor in order
to address
malnutrition
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DECISION
DECISION AREA POLICY
TECHNICAL FINDINGS IMPLICATIONS
AREAS DESCRIPTI INTERVENTION
ON
Population 10,855 HH (37,614 Area 1,2 Cost of Lives Temporarily move
persons) are at a high vulnerable people
risk to surge to resilient
evacuation centers
Population 9.75% of the affected HH Area 3,4 No decent Assist the poor to
live in makeshift housing housing retrofit structures
against disasters
Population 46.93% of the affected Area 5,6 Hunger Enhance 4P's
household live below the program to uplift
poverty threshold the cost of living
standards of the
poor
Population 22.34% of the affected Area 7,8 No decent Intensify the
HH are informal settlers housing program to have a
new decent house
for the poor
Population 1.16 % of the HH are Area 9,10 Cost of lives Periodic
malnourished nutritioning to the
poor in order to
address
malnutrition
Population 27.65% of the affected Cost of lives Priority assistance
HH are young and old to the dependents
dependents in times of disaster
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