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CDROM-Appendix-K Fogler
CDROM-Appendix-K Fogler
Appendix K
€
Multiply through the integrating
f ( y ) dt dy fdt fdt
€ e∫ + e ∫ y = e ∫ g(t)
dt
Collect term
⎛ ∫ fdt ⎞
ye ⎟ = e ∫ fdt
€ d ⎜ g(t )
⎜ dt ⎟
⎝ ⎠
fdt fdt
ye ∫ = ∫ g( t ) e ∫ dt + K 1
€
fdt
and divide by e ∫
€ − fdt fdt − fdt
y = e ∫ ∫ g(t ) e ∫ dt + K1e ∫ (K-16)
€
Example A–1 Integrating Factor for Series Reactions
€
dy
+ k 2 y = k1e −k1t
dt
€ dye k 2 t k −k t
= e k 2 t k1e −k1t = k1e ( 2 1 )
dt
€
k2t k −k t k1 k −k t
e y = k1 ∫ e ( 2 1 ) dt = e ( 2 1 ) + K1
k 2 − k1
€
k1
y= e −k1t + K1e −k 2 t
k 2 − k1
€
t = 0 y = 0
€
€ 1
4thEd/AppnKinsert.doc
k1 −k1t −k 2 t
y= [e − e ]
k 2 − k1
⎡d x⎤
dt
dy
(2)
dt
= cx + dy t =0 y = y0
€ €
€
=⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎥
and
y = K1e −α t + K 2 e −βt
dy ⎣c d⎦ ⎣y⎦
€ (4)
where
⎢ ⎥
⎡TrA ± TrA 2 − 4 DetA ⎤
€ ,β = −⎢ € ⎥, TrA = a + d, DetA = ad − bc
⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎣ dt⎦
From the initial conditions
€
t = 0 x = x0 and y = y0 we get
x0 = A + B
and
y 0 = K1 + K 2
€
differentiating equations (3) and (4) and evaluating the derivative at t = 0
dx ⎞
€ dt ⎟⎠ = −α A − βB = ax 0 + by 0
t=0
dy ⎞
⎟ = −α K1 − βK 2 = cx 0 + dy 0
dt ⎠t=0
€
2
4thEd/AppnKinsert.doc
€
We have four equations and four unknowns (The arbitrary constants of
integration A, B, K1 and K2) so we can eliminate these arbitrary constants of
integration.
If y0 = 0 then the solution takes the form
⎡( a + α )e −βt − (a + β )e −α t ⎤
x = x 0 ⎢ ⎥
⎣
⎢ α −β ⎦
⎥
cx 0 cx 0
y= e −βt − e −α t
€
α +β α +β
3
4thEd/AppnKinsert.doc