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New European Pellets Standards March 2011 PDF
New European Pellets Standards March 2011 PDF
Introduction to standards, certification standards for wood pellets (EN 14961-1 and
and fuel specification EN 14961-2) and including some special
requirements for power plant users.
The European Commission gave in 2000 a EUBIONET III is currently carrying out survey
mandate to the European Committee for of the product standard for industrial use.
Standardization, CEN under committee TC335 Results of this survey will be used for ISO
to prepare standards for solid biofuels. In first standard: Graded pellets ISO/NP 17225-2,
phase 27 pre-standards (technical which is under preparation.
specifications) were published during 2003–
2006. These pre-standards have been updated Fuel specification and classes and
to full European EN-standards during 2007– quality assurance – multipart standards
2010. In total 40 standards for terminology,
fuel specification and classes, quality The two most important standard being
assurance, sampling, analysis physical and developed deal with classification and
mechanical and chemical properties will be specification (EN 14961) and quality
published. Most of these standards have been assurance for solid biofuels (EN 15234). Both
published and rest will be published in 2011. these standards will be published as multipart
See list of standards, which have published or standards. The Part 1 – General requirements
are under preparation, in the end of this article. of EN 14961 includes all solid biofuels and is
Also most important terms according EN targeted for all user groups, but will be
14588 are listed in Annex 1. probably used mainly in industry.
When EN-standards are published the Working group 2 of CEN/TC 335 is developing
conflicting national standards shall be the following pellet standards
withdrawn. - EN 14961-1 for general use (includes pellets
from different biomass raw materials),
This article describes the fuel specification and (published)
classes standards (EN 14961-serie) for pellets. - EN14961-2 for wood pellets for non-
industrial use (approved)
European Pellet Council, which is working - EN14961-6 for non-woody pellets for non-
under AEBIOM is launching the certification industrial use (under approval).
scheme (ENplus and EN) for wood pellets for
non-industrial use (www.pelletcouncil.eu). Also EN14961-2 and EN14961-6 are so-called
German DINplus and French NF have been product standards for non-industrial use, which
updated their certification system to EN means fuel intended to be used in smaller
standards. Certification is third-party attestation appliances, such as, in households and small
(i.e., issue of a statement, see Annex 1) that commercial and public sector buildings. In the
specified requirements related to wood pellets product standards all properties are normative
have been fulfilled. ENplus, DINplus and NF and they are bind together to form a class (see
certification systems are based on European Annex 3, 4 and 5).
standards EN 14961-2 and EN 15234-2 with
some modifications. Biomass pellets in EN 14961-1
Seven biggest industrial pellet users have General part 1 of EN14961 includes Table 4
produced own fuel specifications for wood (see Annex 2) for specification of all kind of
pellets, which state the requirements of the biomass pellets. These pellets can produced
wood pellets in power production. These from different of biomass raw materials. This
specifications are based on European part also includes the raw material
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
classification of solid biofuels, which is based material based on origin with as much detail as
on their origin and source. The fuel production needed. The quality classification in a table
chain of fuels shall be unambiguously form was prepared only for major traded solid
traceable back over the whole chain. biofuels.
The solid biofuels are divided to the following The classification in EN14961-1 is flexible, and
sub-categories for classification in EN 14961-1: hence the producer or the consumer may
1) Woody biomass (Table 1, Fig. 1) select from each property class the
2) Herbaceous biomass, (Table 2) classification that corresponds to the produced
3) Fruit biomass and 4) Blends and mixtures or desired fuel quality. This so-called “free
(Table 3). classification” in Part 1 does not bind different
characteristics with each other. An advantage
Woody biomass is biomass from trees, bushes of this classification is that the producer and
and shrubs. Herbaceous biomass is from the consumer may agree upon characteristics
plants that have a non-woody stem and which case-by-case. Demolition wood is not included
die back at the end of the growing season. It in the scope of the EN 14961-1.
includes grains and their by-products such as
cereals. Fruit biomass is the biomass from the The most significant characteristics are
parts of a plant which are from or hold seeds. mandatory, normative, and shall be given in
the fuel specification. These characteristics
If appropriate, also the actual species (e.g. vary for different traded form, while the most
spruce, wheat) of biomass should be stated. significant characteristics for all solid biofuels
The actual wood species (e.g. spruce) can be are moisture content (M), particle
stated according to EN 13556 "Round and size/dimensions (P or D/L) and ash content
sawn timber Nomenclature". (A). For example, the average moisture
content of fuels is given as a value after the
The term “Blends and mixtures” in Tables 1, 2 symbol (e.g. M10), which means that the
and 3 refers to material of various origin within average moisture content of the fuel shall be
the given box in the classification table and 10 w-%. Some characteristics, e.g., bulk
appears on four levels. Blends are intentionally density (BD), are voluntary, informative (see
mixed biofuels, whereas mixtures are Annex 2). Example of fuel specification for
unintentionally mixed biofuels. The origin of the wood pellets according EN 14961-1 is shown
blend and mixture shall be described using in Fig.2.
Tables 1, 2 and 3.
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Table 3. Classification of 3 Fruit biomass and 4 Blends and mixtures (EN 14961-1)
4.1 Blends
4.2 Mixtures
Amount of fines
(< 3,15mm)
at factory gate < 1 p-%
Length of pellets
3.15– 40 mm (> 95 w-%)
Maximum length, 45 mm
( < 5 p-%)
EN 14961-2 Wood pellets for non- pellets are excluded from the scope of this
industrial use standard. In ISO/NP 17225-1 there will be a
special quality table for thermally treated
Wood pellets for non-industrial use are biomass (e.g. torrefied biomass).
specified according to EN 14961-2. The
property table is shown in Annex 3. Torrefied
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Property class A1 for wood pellets represents This standard covers only non-woody pellets
virgin woods and chemically untreated wood produced from the following raw material (see
residues low in ash and nitrogen content. Tables 2 – 3):
Fuels with slightly higher ash content and – 2 Herbaceous biomass
nitrogen content fall within grade A2. In
– 3 Fruit biomass
property class B is also allowed chemically
treated industrial wood by-products and – 4 Biomass blends and mixtures
residues and used wood, but there are very
strict threshold values for heavy metals. Standard will include Table 1 (Annex 3) for
specification of straw, miscanthus and reed
canary grass pellets and Table 2 (Annex 4) for
To protect small-scale consumer some heavy
metals are normative for wood pellets for non- blends and mixtures.
industrial use. Group 4 Blends and mixtures include blends
and mixtures from the main origin-based solid
If the properties being specified are sufficiently biofuel groups woody, herbaceous biomass
known through information about the origin and fruit biomass.
and handling (or preparation method combined
with experience) then physical/chemical If solid biofuel blend or mixture contain
analysis may not be needed. chemically treated material it has to be stated.
To ensure resources are used appropriately EN 15234- Multipart standard for fuel
and the declaration is accurate, utilise the most quality assurance
appropriate measure below:
1. using typical values, e.g. laid down in The overall aim of EN 15234 multipart
Annex B on EN 14961-1, or obtained by standard is to guarantee the solid biofuel
experience; quality through the whole supply chain, from
2. calculation of properties, e.g. by using the origin to the delivery of the solid biofuel
typical values and considering and provide adequate confidence that
documented specific values; specified quality requirements are fulfilled.
3. carrying out of analysis: a) with simplified
methods if available, b) with reference The objective of EN15234-1 is to serve as a
methods. tool to enable the efficient trading of biofuels.
Thereby:
The responsibility of the producer or supplier to 1. the end-user can find a biofuel that
provide correct and accurate information is corresponds to its needs;
exactly the same whether laboratory analysis 2. the producer/supplier can produce a
is performed or not. Typical values do not biofuel with defined and consistent
negate the producer or supplier from providing properties and describe the biofuel to
accurate and reliable information. Typical the customers.
values of different biomass fuels are listed in
Annex B in EN 14961-1. Quality assurance measures shall establish
confidence in the biofuel through systems that
Chemical treatment before harvesting of are simple to operate and do not cause undue
biomass does not need to be stated. Where bureaucracy.
any operator in the fuel supply chain has
reason to suspects serious contamination of Solid biofuels are specified according to EN
land (e.g. coal slag heaps) or if planting has 14961 series — Solid Biofuels, Fuel
been used specifically for the sequestration of Specification and Classes.
chemicals or biomass is fertilized by sewage
sludge (issued from waste water treatment or According to the terminology of ISO 9001
chemical process), fuel analysis should be Quality Management system generally consists
carried out to identify chemical impurities such of quality planning, quality control, quality
as halogenated organic compounds or heavy assurance and quality improvement. EN
metals. 15234-1 covers fuel quality assurance (part of
quality management, focused on providing
EN 14961-6 Non-woody pellets for non- confidence that the quality requirements will be
industrial use fulfilled) and quality control (part of quality
management, focused on fulfilling the quality
This European standard determines the fuel requirements).
quality classes and specifications of non-
woody pellets for non-industrial use. The users of this European Standard may
integrate the EN 15234-1 in their general
quality assurance scheme, e.g. the ISO 9000
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
series. If the company does not have a quality The fuel product declaration shall as a
management system, EN 15234-1 can be minimum include (see Annex 6):
used on its own to help the supplier in Supplier (body or enterprise) including
documenting fuel quality and creating contact information
adequate confidence between the supplier and Origin and source (according EN
the end-user. 14961-1)
Country/countries (locations) of origin
Fuel product declaration (EN 15234-1) for the
Traded form (e.g. pellet)
solid biofuel shall be issued by the supplier to
the end-user or retailer. The fuel product Specification of properties according to
declaration shall be issued for each defined lot. appropriate part of EN 14961
The quantity of the lot shall be defined in the o Normative properties
delivery agreement. The supplier shall date the o Informative properties
declaration and keep the records for a Chemical treatment if chemically
minimum of one year after the delivery. The treated biomass is traded (yes/no)
fuel product declaration shall state the quality Signature (by operational title or
in accordance to the appropriate part of EN responsibility), name, date and place
14961 (Annex 6). In Fig.3 there is example of
specification of wood pellet according EN The fuel product declaration can be approved
14961-2. electronically. Signature and date can be
approved by signing of the waybill or stamping
of the packages in accordance with the
appropriate part of EN 14961.
Fig.3. Example of the product declaration according to EN 14961-2 for wood pellets.
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Alakangas, E. Fuel specification and classes – introduction EN 15103, Solid Biofuels – Methods for the determination
to Task IV and feedback from industry and classification of of bulk density
used wood in fuel specification and classes (EN 14961)
multipart standard, Final conference – BioNormII, Pre- EN 15104, Solid Biofuels – Determination of carbon,
Normative research on solid biofuels for improved hydrogen and nitrogen – Instrumental method
European standards, 4 November 2009, Leipzig,
EN 15149-1 , Solid biofuels – Determination of particle
Germany, p. 71 – 80 (www.bionorm2.eu) size distribution - Part 1: Oscillating screen method using
sieve apertures of 1 mm and above
Alakangas, E. European standards for fuel specification
and classes of solid biofuels, “Solid Biofuels for Energy: A EN 15150, Solid Biofuels – Methods for the determination
Lower Greenhouse Gas Alternative”, Springer 2010, ISBN of particle density
978-1-84996-392-3, p. 21-41.
EN 15210-1, Solid Biofuels – Methods for the
Alakangas, E. (VTT), Kilgus, D. (USTUTT ) & Rautbauer J. determination of mechanical durability of pellets and
(FJ-BLT). Comparison of different pellet standards and briquettes – Part 1: Pellets
proposals for upgrading CEN/TS 14961, BioNormII.
EN 15234-1, Solid Biofuels – Fuel quality assurance, Part
November 2007. 16 p.
1: General requirements (approved)
Alakangas, E. European standards for solid biofuels – FprEN 15234-1, Solid Biofuels – Fuel quality assurance,
case wood pellets and wood chips, Riga 6 – 7 May 2009, Part 2. Wood pellets for non-industrial use. (final draft)
Wood combustion and standards, Proc. Environmental
and climate technologies, Serija 13, sejums 2, p. 7 – 20. EN 15289, Solid Biofuels – Determination of total content
of sulphur and chlorine
Alakangas, E. & Gushcha, J. (eds.) Summary report of EN 15290, Solid Biofuels –Determination of major
combustion test, BioNormII- Pre-normative research on elements
solid biofuels for improved European standards, Project
no. 038644, DIV7-Part 7. 86 p. (www.bionorm2.eu). EN 15296, Solid Biofuels – Conversion of analytical results
from one basis to another
Alakangas, E., Rathbauer, J., Sulzbacher, L., Kilgus, D., EN 15297, Solid Biofuels – Determination of content of
Baumbach, G., Grammelis, P.& Malliopoulou, A., minor elements
Blumberga, D. & Gushcha, J. Feedback on prEN 14961
standards from industry and workshops. BioNormII- Pre- FprEN 15370, Solid Biofuels – Methods for the
normative research on solid biofuels for improved determination of ash melting behaviour
European standards, Project no. 038644, DIV6-Part 1. 51
prEN 16127, Solid Biofuels – Determination of length and
p. (www.bionorm2.eu). diameter for pellets and cylindrical briquettes
Alakangas, E., Wiik, C. & Lensu, T. CEN 335 – Solid ISO/NP 17225-1 Solid biofuels – Fuel Specification and
biofuels, Feedback from market actors, EUBIONET report classes, Part 1 – General requirements.
– VTT Report VTT-R-00430-07, Jyväskylä 2007. 58 p. +
app. 13 p. (www.eubionet.net) ISO/NP 17225-2 Solid biofuels – Fuel Specification and
classes, Part 2 – Graded wood pellets
List of standards related to pellets
ISO/NP 17225-6 Solid biofuels – Fuel Specification and
EN 14961:2010. Solid biofuels – Fuel Specification and classes, Part 2 – Graded non-woody pellets
classes, Part 1 – General requirements.
Standards marked by pr are under preparation. Standards
EN 14961-2.:2010 Solid biofuels – Fuel Specification and marked by Fpr are under approval.
classes, Part 2 – Wood pellets for non-industrial use
EUBIONET III - IEE/07/777/SI2.499477
FprEN 14961-6. Solid biofuels – Fuel Specification and
classes, Part 6 – Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
(final draft).
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Annex 1 - Terms related to pellets and solid biofuel into a specific size and shape such as
standards cubes, pressed logs, biofuel pellets or biofuel
briquettes. See also biofuel briquette and biofuel
pellets.
additive
material which improves the quality of the fuel (e.g. fruit biomass
combustion and handling properties), reduces biomass from the parts of a plant which hold seeds.
emissions or makes production more efficient. Example. Nuts, olives
bioenergy fuel
energy from biomass energy carrier intended for energy conversion. Fuels
biofuel are solid, liquid or gaseous. Fuels can originate from
biomass, waste and/or fossil material.
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass
(includes solid, liquid and gaseous biomass fuels) fuel specification
biofuel blend document stating the requirements of the fuel
biofuel resulting from intentionally mixing of different herbaceous biomass
biofuels. (content of blend is known) biomass from plants that has a non-woody stem and
biofuel mixture which dies back at the end of the growing season.
See also energy grass.
biofuel resulting from natural or unintentional mixing
of different biofuels and/or different types of non-woody pellet
biomass (content of mixture is not exactly known) densified non-woody biofuel made from pulverised
biofuel pellet biomass with or without additives usually with a
cylindrical form diameter < 25 mm, random length
densified biofuel made from milled biomass with or and typically 3,15 to 40 mm with broken ends,
without additives usually with a cylindrical form, obtain by mechanical compression. The raw
random length typically 5 to 40 mm, and broken material for non-woody pellets can be herbaceous
ends. The raw material for biofuel pellets can be biomass, fruit biomass, or biomass blends and
woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, mixtures. They are usually manufactured in a die
or biomass blends and mixtures. They are usually with total moisture content usually less than 15 % of
manufactured in a die. The total moisture of biofuel their mass.
pellets is usually less than 10 % of mass.
solid biofuel
biomass
solid fuels produced directly or indirectly from
is defined from a scientific and technical point of biomass
view as material of biological origin excluding
material embedded in geological formations and/or standard
transformed to fossil. document, established by consensus and approved
Biomass is defined in legal documents in many by a recognized body, that provides, for common
different ways according to the scope and goal of and repeated use, rules, guidelines or
the respective documents (e.g.: Directive characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at
2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and the the achievement of the optimum degree of order in
Council; Commission Decision (2007/589/EC) of 18 a given context. NOTE Standards should be based
July 2007). This definition does not contradict legal on the consolidated results of science, technology
definitions. and experience, and aimed at the promotion of
optimum community benefits.
certification
Source: CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations.
third-party attestation (i.e., issue of a statement) that
wood fuels, wood based fuels, wood-derived
specified requirements related to products,
biofuels
processes, systems or persons have been fulfilled
(adapted from ISO/IEC 17000, 2005, Definitions 5.2 all types of biofuels originating directly or indirectly
and 5.5). from woody biomass. See also fuelwood, forest
fuels, and black liquor.
chemical treatment
wood processing industry by-products and
chemical treatment is defined as any treatment with
residues
chemicals other than air, water or heat.
(Different chemical treatments are listed in Annex C woody biomass residues originating from the wood
in EN 14961-1. Chemically treated wood residues processing as well as the pulp and paper industry.
from wood processing and the production of panels Examples: bark, cork residues, cross-cut ends,
and furniture (glued, painted, coated, lacquered or edgings, fibreboard residues, fibre sludge, grinding
otherwise treated wood, 1.2.1) or used wood (1.3.2) dust, particleboard residues, plywood residues, saw
is included, as long as they do not contain heavy dust, slabs, and wood shavings
metals or halogenated organic compounds as a woody biomass
result of treatment with wood preservatives or biomass from trees, bushes and shrubs. This
coating.) definition includes forest, plantation and other wood,
densified biofuel, compressed biofuel wood processing industry by-products and residues,
solid biofuel made by mechanically compressing and used wood.
biomass to increase its density and to mould the
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
L Length D Diameter
D
Dimensions (mm)
L
Dimensions (mm)
a
Diameter (D) and Length (L) EN 16127
D 06 6 mm 1,0 mm and 3,15 L 40 mm
D 08 8 mm 1,0 mm, and 3,15 L 40 mm
D 10 10 mm 1,0 mm, and 3,15 L 40 mm
D 12 12 mm 1,0 mm, and 3,15 L 50 mm
D 25 25 mm 1,0 mm, and 10 L 50 mm
Moisture, M (w-% as received) EN 14774-1, EN14774-2
M10 10 %
M15 15 %
Ash, A (w-% of dry basis) EN 14775
A0.5 0,5%
A0.7 0,7%
A1.0 1,0%
A1.5 1,5 %
A2.0 2,0 %
Normative
A3.0 3,0 %
A5.0 5,0 %
A7.0 7,0 %
A10.0 10,0 %
A10.0+ > 10,0 %
Mechanical durability, DU (w-% of pellets after testing) EN15210-1
DU97.5 97,5 %
DU96.5 96,5 %
DU95.0 95,0 %
DU95.0- < 95,0 % (minimum value to be stated)
b
Amount of fines, F (w-%, < 3,15 mm ) after production when loaded or packed, EN15210-1
F1.0 1,0 %
F2.0 2,0 %
F3.0 3,0 %
F5.0 5,0 %
F5.0+ > 5,0 % (maximum value to be stated)
c
Additives (w-% of pressing mass) Type and content of pressing aids, slagging inhibitors or any
other additives have to be stated
3
Bulk density (BD) as received (kg/m ) EN 15103
3
BD550 > 550 kg/m
3
BD600 > 600 kg/m
3
BD650 > 650 kg/m
3
BD700 > 700 kg/m
3
BD700+ > 700 kg/m (minimum value to be stated)
Net calorific value as received, Q (MJ/kg or kWh/kg) Minimum value to be stated
EN 14918
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a ,b
mm D06, 6 ± 1; D06, 6 ± 1; D06, 6 ± 1;
Diameter, D and Length L 3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L < 40
prEN 16127 D08, 8 ± 1 D08, 8 ± 1; D08, 8 ± 1;
3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L < 40
Moisture, M as received, w-% M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10
EN 14774-1, EN 14774-2 wet basis
Ash, A EN14775 w-% dry A0.7 < 0,7 A1.5 < 1,5 A3.5 < 3,5
Mechanical durability, DU, as received, w-% DU97.5 > 97,5 DU97.5 > 97,5 DU96.5 > 96,5
EN 15210-1
Fines at factory gate in bulk transport w-% as received F1.0 < 1,0 F1.0 < 1,0 F1.0 < 1,0
(at the time of loading) and in small
Normative
a
Selected size of pellets to be stated.
b
Amount of pellets longer than 40 mm can be 1 w-%. Maximum length shall be < 45 mm.
c
Type (e.g. starch, corn flour, potato flour, vegetable oil). Also additives which are used after production, before unloading to end-user
storages, shall be stated similarly (type and amount).
d
All characteristic temperatures (shrinkage starting temperature (SST), deformation temperature (DT), hemisphere temperature (HT) and
flow temperature (FT) in oxidizing conditions should be stated.
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Fines at factory gate in bulk as received, F1.0 < 1,0 F1.0 < 1,0 F1.0 < 1,0
transport (at the time of loading) w-%
and in small bags, up to 20 kg and
large sacks (at time of packing or
delivery to end-user), F,
EN15210-1
Additives e w-%, dry Type and amount Type and amount Type and amount
to be stated to be stated to be stated
Net calorific value as received, MJ/kg or Minimum value to Minimum value to Q14.5 > 14,5
Q, EN 14918 kWh/kg be stated be stated Q4.0 > 4,0
Bulk density, BD, EN 15103 as received, BD600 > 600 BD580 > 580 BD550 > 550
3
kg/m
Nitrogen, N, EN 15104 w-% dry N0.7 < 0,7 N0.5 < 0,5 N 2.0 < 2,0
Sulphur , S, EN 15289 w-% dry S0.10 < 0,10 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.20 < 0,20
Chlorine, Cl, EN 15289 w-% dry Cl0.10 < 0,10 Cl0.08 < 0,08 Cl0.10 < 0,10
Arsenic, As, EN 15297 mg/kg dry <1 <1 <1
Cadmium, Cd, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 0,5 < 0,5 < 0,5
Chromium, Cr, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 50 < 50 < 50
Copper, Cu, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 20 < 20 < 20
Informative
Mercury, Hg, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1
Nickel, Ni, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 10 < 10 < 10
Zinc, Zn, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 100 < 100 < 100
f o
Ash melting behaviour , C should be stated should be stated should be stated
EN15370
a
Selected size (D06, D08, D10, D12 or D25) of pellets to be stated
b
Pellets longer than 40 mm can be 1 w-% (from D06 to D10). Maximum length shall be < 45 mm for pellets from D06
to D10.
c
Actual ash property class shall be stated.
d
value to be stated.
e
. Type of additives to aid production, delivery or combustion (e.g. pressing aids, slagging inhibitors or any other
additives like starch, corn flour, potato flour, vegetable oil,…). Also additives which are used after production, before
unloading to end-user storages, shall be stated similarly (type and amount).
f
All characteristic temperatures (shrinkage starting temperature (SST), deformation temperature (DT), hemisphere
temperature (HT) and flow temperature (FT)) in oxidizing conditions should be stated.
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Annex 5 – Specification of pellets produced from herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and
blends and mixtures (final draft Fpr EN 14961-6)
Property class, Analysis method units A B
a
Origin and source , 2 Herbaceous biomass 2 Herbaceous biomass 3
EN 14961-1 3 Fruit biomass Fruit biomass
4 Blends and mixtures 4 Blends and mixtures
Diameter, D b and length L c mm D06 to D25, D ± 1; D06 to D25, D ± 1;
EN 16127 3,15 < L < 40 3,15 < L < 40
(from D06 to D10) (from D06 to D10)
3,15 < L < 50 3,15 < L < 50
(from D12 to D25) (from D12 to D25)
Moisture, M, as received, M12 < 12 M15 < 15
EN 14774-1, EN 14774-2 w-%
Ash, A, EN 14775 w-% dry A5.0 < 5 A10 < 10
Mechanical durability, DU, as received, DU97.5 > 97,5 DU96.0 > 96,0
Normative
EN 15210-1 w-%
Fines at factory gate in bulk transport (at the as received, F2.0 < 2,0 F3.0 < 3,0
time of loading) and in small bags, up to 20 kg w-%
and large sacks (at time of packing or delivery
to end-user), F, EN 15210-1
Additives d w-%, dry Type and amount to be Type and amount to be
stated stated
Net calorific value as received, Q, EN 14918 MJ/kg or Q14.1 > 14,1 or Q13.2 > 13,2 or
kWh/kg Q3.9 > 3,9 Q3.7 > 3,7
Bulk density, BD, EN 15103 as received, BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600
kg/m3
Nitrogen, N, EN 15104 w-% dry N1.5 < 1,5 N2.0 < 2,0
Sulphur , S, EN 15289 w-% dry S0.20 < 0,20 S0.20 < 0,20
Chlorine, Cl, EN 15289 w-% dry Cl0.20 < 0,20 Cl0.30 < 0,30
Arsenic, As, EN 15297 mg/kg dry <1 <1
Cadmium, Cd, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 0,5 < 0,5
Chromium, Cr, EN 15297 mg/kg dry < 50 < 50
Informative
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
Annex 6a. Example of a template for the product declaration for wood pellets (FprEN 15234-2)
PRODUCT DECLARATION BASED ON EN 14961-2
Supplier Name, contact information
Number of contract
Amount of delivery Agreed mass, volume or number of bags of the delivery. (The supplier and end-
user shall also agree upon the methods of weighing or volume determination)
Origin: According to Table 1 from EN 14961-1 (select the level which is needed)
Country Country/countries (or more detailed location if agreed)
No □ Yes, class B □
Chemical treated material
Traded Form Pellets
Class A1 or A2 or B
1
The value column can be used for stating the average (mean) value or minimum and maximum values.
2
at factory gate in bulk transport (at the time of loading) and in small (up to 20 kg) and large sacks (at time of
packing or when delivering to end-user)
3
All characteristic temperatures (shrinkage starting temperature (SST), deformation temperature (DT),
hemisphere temperature (HT) and flow temperature (FT)) in oxidizing conditions should be stated.
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Alakangas, Eija. New European Pellets Standards – March 2011
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