Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Microorganism in Live
Microorganism in Live
Mikrobiologi dalam
kehidupan
Edited by: Endah Puspitasari
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Microbiology Tradition of Excellence
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Microorganisms can be: Tradition of Excellence
• unicellular
• multicellular
• acellular
• viruses
• viroids
• prions-proteinaceous infectious particle
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Mikroorganisme Tradition of Excellence
• Bakteri
prokariot
• Archaea
• Fungi (kapang, khamir)
• Protozoa eukariot
• Alga
• Virus
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Multicellular fungi
Tradition of Excellence
Amanita muscaria 5
Unicellular fungi Tradition of Excellence
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Amoebas Tradition of Excellence
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Tradition of Excellence
Amoeba
Entamoeba histolytica
Amebic dysentery
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Tradition of Excellence
Flagellate
Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis 9
Tradition of Excellence
Ciliate
Balantidium coli
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Gram positive Tradition of Excellence
Staphylococcus
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Gram negative Tradition of Excellence
Escherichia coli
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Adenovirus Tradition of Excellence
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Bacteriophage Tradition of Excellence
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Occurrence of microorganisms Tradition of Excellence
• air we breathe
• food we eat
• on the human body
• Only 1 in 10 cells of the body is human, the rest are microbial
• A square centimeter of skin holds about 100,000 microbes
• Humans are free of microbes until they pass through the birth
canal
• environments
• extreme
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Activities of microorganisms Tradition of Excellence
•Destructive
• Disease-EIDs (emerging infectious diseases)
• Food spoilage
• Eutrophication
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Beneficial activities Tradition of Excellence
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Microorganisms Tradition of Excellence
• Normal flora
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Escherichia coli
• Candida albicans
• Pathogen
• Shigella dysentriae
• HIV
• Toxoplasma gondii
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Sejarah mikrobiologi Tradition of Excellence
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Teori Generatio Spontanea Tradition of Excellence
• Sebelum abad 19
• Makhluk hidup berasal dari benda mati
• Dipatahkan oleh Francesco Redi dan Lazzaro Spallanzani
• Redi belatung pada daging busuk berasal dari telur lalat
bukan berasal dari daging itu sendiri
• John Needham
• Spallanzani
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Teori Biogenesis (1858) Tradition of Excellence
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Teori Bibit Penyakit Tradition of Excellence
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Postulat Koch Tradition of Excellence
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Peran di bidang farmasi Tradition of Excellence
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Tradition of Excellence
• Produksi antibiotik
• Penicillium chrysogenum: penisilin
• Produksi steroid
• Cunninghamella blakesleeana: hidroksilasi steroid
koteksolon (cortexolone) untuk membentuk hidrokortison
(menambahkan oksigen pada posisi 11)
• Produksi vaksin
• Strain mutan patogen/inaktivasi patogen virulen tanpa
menghilangkan antigen yang diperlukan untuk
menimbulkan respon imun.
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• Produksi enzim
• Thermus aquaticus: DNA polimerase untuk PCR Tradition of Excellence
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Tradition of Excellence
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Tradition of Excellence
• Indikator model metabolisme obat mamalia
• kesamaan sistem enzim mikrobial dengan sistem hati
mamalia
• Kelebihan: mikroba menghasilkan jumlah metabolit yang
signifikan, biaya lebih murah dibandingkan model
binatang
• Cunninghamella blacesleeana, Aspergillus avipes,
Fusarium oxysporum, dan Mucor griseocyanus:
metabolisme obat antidepresan imipramin
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Tradition of Excellence
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