‘Rules governing the steps to prevent incidences of fire in tourist resorts. Introduction. Fundamentals behind the compellation of such a set of rules are to safeguard the lives and possessions of the people at resorts from any possible harm or danger posing from incidents of fire. Both the government and the owners of these resorts have had! to tae extreme damages in, in particular incidences of fire. To minimize or prevent such incidences, ideal preventive measures have to be set forth and acted. On Due to the geographical features of the country, the two options of travel between 2 islands is either by air, sea. Fire and rescue personnel at male’ may take as much as 3-4 hours to reach the site of such an incident. Sometimes being the only people prepared to tend to these incidents. This will occur only if the necessary precautions eren’t taken. Hence if these precautions aren’t met properly preventing the damages caused to human lives and property, The short-term and long-term damages caused to resort owners and Govemment will prove to difficult. If tourism is affected in anyway because of an incident of fire, economy of the country is destabilized. Hence resorts must take precautions in accordance to the conditions stated below: 1. Implementation 1.1 _iffnew resorts are being built, on land(s) obtained from the Ministry of Tourism or if any old resort is demolished and renewed then rules and regulations to prevent fire(@) should be in accordance to the law in effect before the opening and running of such resorts 1.2. ull existing resort properties which have obtained permit of the Fire safety procedures laid down by the Ministry of Tourism should accomplish the requirements within the stated period/duration. These conditions of amended regulations may be implemented into four phases. 1.2.1 phase 1.: Requirements of the law in phase 1 should be completed in the resorts within 9 months. 1. Fire extinguishers and Fire blankets 2. Fire awareness course 1.2.2. Phase 2. Requirements of'the law in phase 2 should he completed in the resorts within 1 year and 6 months. 1. Pressurized Hydrant systems/equipments specialized for extinguishing fires 2. Electric wiring and Power house. 3. Location for incinerators 4, Signs and Notices 5. Fire squad 6. Course in action due to fire.2 1.23 Phase 3. Requirements of the law in phase 3 should be completed in all resorts within 2 years 1. Fire alarm system 2. Storage 3, Handling and stomge of LP gases 4. Handling and storage of dangerous cargo 1.24 Phase 4. Requirements of the law in phase 4 should be completed in all resorts within 3 years, 1 Buildings (safety pathway of exits and the exits/ Fire escapes! Exit signs and notices) 2. Lightning Rod 3, Storage and handling of Diesel and Kerosene 4. Stomge and handling of Petrol. 1.3 Before any resorts (new/old) are run with the permission of the Ministry of Tourism, detailed drawing(6) containing steps to be taken in case of fire must be submitted in order to get approval. 2 Recommendation If any section of a resort is rebuilt then it is highly recommended that these rules and regulations are completed before the opening, 3.Penalty. 3.1 From the resorts that all ready running before this law comes into effect, those spsoits that do not takes steps to comply with these rules and regulations will be given 30 days notice and will be fined. 3.2 Ithenevessury steps ure not completed in the time given in 3.1 un amount not more than Mrf 30000 will be fined and three months will be given to complete the steps which need to be taken, 33 Ifthe necessary steps are not completed in the time given in 3.2, a fine of Mrf 100, 0000 will be imposed and a notice that the resort will be closed until the necessary steps are taken will be given. Two months will be given for the steps to be taken, 33 Ifthe necessary steps arenot completed in the time given in 3:3, A fine Mf 100,- 0000 will be imposed and resort will be closed until the steps are taken.4. Designing and Installation. For the steps taken as a precaution in case of fire all the necessary designing and installations should be done by people authorized by the Ministry of Defense and ‘National Security Services and must abide by their rules. 8. Fire Extinguishers. In case of fire so that the person or people in the area can immediately put the fire out, fire extinguishers must be accessible. Controlling the fire from spreading is the reason for installing the fire extinguishers. If the fire can be extinguished the moment it starts, damage caused lo people and property can be decreased. The place where the fire extinguishers are placed is called fire point. ‘There are many types of fire extinguishers. In some counties fire extinguishers of different type are given different colors. But in other countries, all fire extinguishers are colored red or some other color. The safest way is to give different types of fire extinguishers different colors. But the European standard BS EN3 which replaced BS 5423 states that all fire extinguishers should be red in color even so, different colors can be used in seals, handles and on the lever in accordance with BS 4523. This is to help people who live close to where fire extinguishers are installed, differentiate hetween them. Tf any additional information is needed ahout fire extinguishers please ‘contact the National Security Services Fire and Rescue Service. Or this information ‘can also be obtained from BS EN 3. 5.1 Water and CO? Fire Extinguishers. Fite extinguishers of these types can be installed in guest rooms, staff quarters, children’s nurseries, restaurants, receptions bars, Lobbies, convention centers, disco halls, sport complexes, carpentries, laundries medical centers, saloons und general stores. The fire extinguishers installed at these places must be made to comply with the European Standard: 1997 BS EN 1869 or another equivalent intemational standard. Also these fire extinguisher handles and levers should be in red color. 5.2 CO? Fire Extinguishers, CO22 Fire Extinguishers can be installed in places where electric eppliances are used or repaired such as dive schools, desalination plants, pump houses, DABX control rooms, electronic workshops and computer centers. The fire extinguishers installed at these places must be made to comply with the Buropean Standard: 1997 BS EN3 1869 or another equivalent international standard. Also these fire extinguishers must have either black levers and ‘handles or should have a 1.5 inch wide black band around it in a clearly visible place.53 DCP and CO? Fire Extinguishers. Fire extinguishers of these types can be installed in kitchens, power houses, and incinerators and in work shops. And a fire blanket should be installed in the kitchens. The fire extinguishers installed at these. Places must be made to comply with the European Standard: 1997 BS EN 3 1869 or another equivalent international standard also these fire extinguishers must have either dark blue handles and levers or they should have 1.5 inch wide dark blue band running wround it in a clearly visible place. 5.4 Fire Blankets. Fire blankets should be installed in places such as kitchens. Fire blankets installed at these locations must be made to comply with the European Standard: 1997 BS EN 3 1869 or another equivalent intemational standard. 5.5 Installation of Fire Extinguishers. Tn normal cases of fire incidents a fire extinguisher should be available within 25 meters. If there are separate blocks and even if they are within this 25 meters each block should have a fire extinguishers. f there are various types of places within a building each place should be installed with an appropriate type of fire extinguishers. These fire extinguishers should be installed on brackets or stands in accordance with the British Standard 138 5306 or another equivalent intemational standard. Ifa fire extinguishers is heavy and difficult to handle the fire extinguishers should be installed so that the handle is 1 meter above the floor. Small fire extinguishers which are easy to handle should be installed 1.5 meters above the floor. A mep which shows the location and types of all the fire extinguishers should be made by the people responsible for the resorts and should be made available for the authorities at any time. 5.6 Fire Point, ‘A fire point is where the fire extinguishers and other fire fighting equipment are installed. For example, in a kitchen where the CO2 / DCP fire extinguishers and fire blanket is kept is the fire point. Fire points should be ‘made near the exits and should be easy to reach. Fire point locations should not be changed from one place to another. Nothing should be placed within a radius 1 meters from the fire point. The pathway to the fire points should be free from obstacles. Nothing should be place on top or hung down from the fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers should be free from any covering other than the fire extinguishers cabinet| 5.7 Inspecting and Testing. All the fire extinguishers should be inspected and tested in accordance to BS 5306 or another equivalent international standard, by a firm licensed by the “Ministry of Defense and Netional Security. The and inspected fire extinguishers should be labeled. The date of inspection and testing should be i ‘written on the label with the name and signature of the inspector. 5.8 Safety Meusures in Maintaining the Fire Fighting Equipment. 5.8.1 Relocating and concealing equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire blankets is prohibited 58.2 Fire Exits must not be locked and should be easily accessible at all times. The pathway to the fire exit should be clear from obstacles. Note: Fire exits should be closed at all times. 5.83 Nothing should be placed within 1 meter from the fire point and nothing should be placed on top of fire fighting equipment. 5.84 The pathway to the fire fighting equipment should be free from obstacles. 5.8.5 _A firm licensed by the Ministry of Defense and National Security should be informed if the Break tie is removed or if the safety pin is removed. 5.8.6 Respective authorities should be notified immediately upon use of fire extinguishers or fire blankets etc. ‘Note: The fire squad could be assumed as the respective authority. 5.8.7 Fire fighting equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire blankets should be wiped, cleaned and maintained to standard conditions. ‘Note: Special care should be given not to remove the break tie and the safety pin while cleaning. 6. Hose Reel System, The people living in the place can use the hose reel system to control and extinguish the fire in case the fire cannot be controlled using fire extinguishers, Since the hose reel system plays a very important role in reducing the damages and in extinguishing the fire in a short time, it is very advisable to install this system. Llowever ifa pressurized hydrant is installed it is not necessary to install the hose reel system. 6.1 The hose of the hose reel system should not be shorter than 30 meters, and the diameter should not exceed 1 meter. ‘The hose reel system should be made in accordance to BS $274 or to an equivalent intemational standard.62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6.10 6 6 For every 800 square meter of the building, a hose reel should be installed. Even if the furthest two hose reels from the inlet are used simultaneously, they should release 0.4 liters per second (24 liters per minute) Furthermore the water released should reach distance of 6 meters. For every hose reel there should be a minimum of 2275 liters of water stored. i And for every additional hose reel there should be between 1137.5 109100 | liters of water stored. If the source of the water is the ocean, then we can | assume that the above mentioned amount of water is available, Anelectrical booster pump (Duly pump) should be instulled in order to pressurize the water required by the hose reel. An additional mechanical standby pump should be in reserve for use in case the electrical pump fails. ‘The place where the two pumps which boosts the hose reel are installed should be a secured area with the required fire safety measures. A separate circuit should be connected to the booster pump in such a way that the flow of electricity to other places can be cut separately. This wiring should bbe placed in a safe path with fire resistant conduit pipe (BS 6099/BSEN 50086) If the water from the hose reel is released, or if the pressure reduces the booster pump set should start up automatically. Furthermore the pumps in the booster pump set should be automatically primed at all times, All the pumps in the booster pump set should be equipped with a mechanism that allows them to be switched on and off manually. And the standby pump should have a self start mechanism in case of malfunction and/or failure of the duty pump. If the tank used by the hose reel system is being used for other purposes, it should always have in reserve an adequate amount of water for the hose reel system. ‘The Hose reel should be installed to the British standard code of practice BS ‘5306 or as stated in an equivalent intemational standard, 6.12 Inspeeting and Testing Bach hose reel should he inspected and tested in accordance to BS 5306 or any other ‘equivalent Intemational Standard; the inspection should be done by a person or firm authorized by the Ministry of Defense and National Security. If asked by the ‘authorities the resort should be able to produce the document which indicates that the testing and inspection had been completed. This document should contain the name sand signature of the inspector as well as the date of inspection,7. Pressurize Hydrant System ‘A pressurize hydrant system should be placed to help control and extinguish fire. The pressurized hydrant system would help to prevent the fire from spreading and also ‘grant the fire squad with easy access to water. 7.1 Even though hydrants could be installed in two ways, in resorts it has to be installed as pillar hydrants. 7.2 Near every pillar hydrant there should be a delivery hose (2.5 inches in diameter and 30 meters long) and one jet spray branch pipe, The cup links of the delivery hose and brunch pipes should be 2.5 inches in diameter und they should be instantaneous cup links. 73 The outlets of the hydrants should have 2.5 inches in diameter and should be instantaneous coup links. 7.4 The hydrants should be placed no more than 12.2 meters away from a place that requires safety from fire. 75 Bven if the furthermost 2to 3 hydrant outlets are used at the same time, they should release water ata pressure of 4 or 5 bars. W193 L]nca 7.6 To provide these hydrants with water 170 to 254 tones of water should be stored. If the source of water is from the ocean, then it can be assumed tht the required amount of water is available. 7.7 To provide presswiized water an electric booster pump (Duty pump) should be installed. A mechanical standby pump should also be mstalled to be used in case of failure of the electric booster pump. 78 These pumps should be kept in a special place protected from fire. 7.9 Theelectricity provided to the duty pump used to pressurize the hydrant system should be provided from a separate circuit, so the pump will still get electricity even though the power to other appliances are out. The wiring of the pump should be laid along a safe path or through a fire resistant conduit pipe (BS 6099/ BSEN 50086) 7.10 The duty pump set should automatically switch on whenever the pressure of the water delivered hy the hydrant decreases. Also the pump should he automatically primed at al times. 7.11 Allthe pumps used to pressurize the system should be equipped with ‘mechanism that allows them to be switched on and off manually. There should also be an available standby pump that switches on automatically if the duty pump fails712 113 8 If the water provided to the hydrant system is from a tank being used for other ppurposes in the resort, there should be enough water reserved available to allow the system of operate efficiently. Inspection and Testing, Al the hydrants should be tested / inspected on the days allocated for testing/inspecting according to BS $306 or an equivalent Intemational Standard by inspectors permitted by the Ministry of Defense and National Scourity. A report on the inspection and testing should be available from the resort al any time the authorities request it, The report should include the date of inspection and the name and signature of the inspector. 8. Special Fire Fighting Equipment. Ifa pressurized hydrant system is not installed, altematively the resort should install other fire fighting equipment in the amounts required, thus: al 82 83 84 85 86 87 Every resort should have at least two pumps for fire fighting. The second pump serves as a standby pump in case the other pump fails. For every pump there should be a suction hose at least 16 feet in length end other equipment required to handle water. ‘The pumps should have a manual start function. A self start mechanism in addition to the manual start mechanism is recommended. Avhose line which reaches two thirds of the length of the island should be available. Also the pump used should be of a standard that, afler connecting a dividing breaching and two additional hoses 30 meters long, water should be delivered at a rate of 1650 liters st 4 bars from 2 nozzles of a diameter of 1 inch. jounts of fuel, oil and lubricant for the pump to run at ifast 2_) should be readily available at ail times. The pumps should be inspected daily anda record of all the inspections with thename, date and signature of the inspector should be promptly available at all times. ‘The hose used to fight fires should be made to comply with BS 3169 or an equivalent Intemational Standard, the hose should also be 60 meters longer than two third of the length of the island.9 88 Every island should at least have the following: 1. 2 branch pipes hoth jet and spray. 2.1 dividing breach, 89 Allthe objects connected to the hoses or branch pipes such as pump outlets, ‘coup links, branch pipes or dividing breaches should have either 2.5 inches instantaneous male or female coup link. 8.10 All fie fighting equipment such as fire extinguisher and branches and ‘accessories to the pump such as fuel, oil and lubricant should be kept in a special easily accessible place. This equipment should only be used for testing, sand fire fighting; they should not be used for other purposes and should b placed in a manner in which they can be utilized without delay. 8.11 Inspection and Testing. Fire fighting equipment should be tested according to BS 5306 or an ‘equivalent International Standard, by an inspector approved by the Ministry of Defense and National Security. A report on the inspection and testing should be available from the resort at any time the authorities request for it. The report should include the date of inspection/ testing and the name and ignature of the inspector. 9. Fire Alarm System. This system is used to notify the people in the area if'a fire has occurred. There are ‘wo types of fire alarm systems: Automatic fire detecting and alarming systems and ‘manual fire alarm systems. The better of theses two is the automatic fire detecting and alarming system. This is because only the automatic fire detecting and alarming system can detect fire if people are not around, 9.1 Manual Fire Alarm System, This system is used manually to inform people in case of fire. 9.2 Automatic Fire Detecting and Alarming System. This system measures the heat or smoke levels to detect fires and sounds an alarm. 9.2.1 To be informed in case of fire, all the resorts should have an automatic fire detecting and alarming, 9.2.2 There should be detectors in all the separate partitions in every building9.23 924 925 9.26 927 928 10 The resort should be separated into zones, and if there iss fire in any of the zones, it should he displayed on the main control board. “The fire alarm system should be separated into zones, and theses zones should be displayed on the main control board. None of the zones should be more than 2000 square meters. “Search Distance” The distance traveled for the fire to be visible (within the zone) and ascertained, should not be more than 30 meters. ‘Wa building has more than one storey, and has a floor eres of more than 300 square meters, each floor should be considered a separate zone If the total floor area of the building is less than 3000 square meters, even if it ‘has more than one storey it can be considered as a single zone. A.ccontrol panel is a device which receives the signal if, fire occurs. So the control panel should be installed in s place where people are on duty 24 hours a day. If the fire squad on a resort is stationed on standby 24 hours a day in a particular place, a repeater panel should he installed at that place. ‘Note: This system should be designed and installed in accordance with British ‘Standard Code of Practice BS5839 Part lor an equivalent Intemational Standard, 9.3 Inspection and Testing, This system should be tested or inspected according to the British Standard BS 5839 ‘or an equivalent Intemational Standard, by an inspector permitted by the Ministry of Defense and National Securily. A report on the inspection und testing should be available at ant time the Authorities request it. The report should include the date of inspection/ testing and the name and signature of the inspector. 10, Building. 10.1 Safe Paths and Exits, In case of fire a safe path or exit should be available in all buildings. So the distance of the paths and the locations of the exits should be noted. The following describes how these things should he in different types of buildings. 10.11 Single storey buildings10.111 10.1.1.2 10.113 ul For use in case of fire there should be a straight obstacle free path to an exit throughout the building. ‘The exit from the building should not be more than 30 meters away. If there are two exits from the building, the exits should be no closer than 45 degrees. Diagram 1 Exiting Doors Notte Thea Exiting Door 1.1.1.4 Af the methods described above cannot be used, a window or windows can cused as exits under the following circumstances: It is not used under normal circumstances. ILshould not be used by more than 10 normal (without disabilities) people. ‘The window should be of a size that normal sized person can easily pass through it (measuring at least 850 mm x 500 mm). Also the doors of the window should open sufficiently. ‘A staircase with handrail reaching up to the lower sill of the window should be on both sides of the window. It should be fairly easy to exit down the stairs and the path should be free from obstacles. ‘There should be more than 1.1 meters between the window sill and the floor ‘The window should not he made in such a way that itneeds a key to be opened. A bolt or a similar device should be used to lock the window. This window should have a sigh saying either “exit” ot “fire escape’ on it.i t 8 23/ +.10.1.2 10.13 10.1.4 10.1.5 10.1.6 10.1.7 12 Single storey buildings separated with partitions ‘@ Lach separated partition should have no more than 12 (B-A) meters from the furthest comer of the pattition to the door. b. The partitions should be made in such a way that the paths to all the exits from the building should be not more than 30 (C-A) meters away from the furthest comer of the partition, Ifa corridor is longer than 45 meters, double swing fire doors should be used to separate the corridors into pattitions. This is done to help stop the smoke from filing the corridors. There should not be any cortidors longer ‘than this which are not partitioned If there is only one exit in a building it should be in the following manner. 1, Ifthe Building is divided into separate rooms, and if the path to the exit is not straight, the path should not be further than 18 meters from the furthest comer of any room 2. Ian object in a building is placed in such a way that there is no straight ‘path from the farthest comer of the building, the path to the exit should not bbe more than 18 meters in length, If there is a partition in # room such as a toilet, the path from the furthest comer of the partition to the door of the room should not be more than 12 ‘meters in length. Acorridor of a building segmented into various rooms should not exceed 18m from the furthest comer of the room fo the main corridor. As indicated in fig. 6. The passage to the main corridor should be insulated with fire resisting material. If there are two exits in the main corridor and the intemal structure of the building is segmented into various rooms then the distance from the furthest ‘comer to the exits should not exceed 30m. Ifa building is 2 storey or higher then the following conditions should apply: ‘The distance from the staircase leading to the main exit from any point of the building should not exceed 18m. Note: This condition only applies if the height of the basement and the ‘other floors doesn't exceed 3.5mQ g 5 e522 f5F4 $4093 4 -- 288 B55 4 pigtts 23 pRenszF 26) eeeeh 3 ote) tag. seats ag 18 Fi, ZBLL3 ABE LEz 18 BEB PEASE oF Bagd Figth A32H6z IS 25/Ce) $3532 -- AEDS ab ah 26/106B b, Ie the distance is more than that mentioned in (a) then the staircase should be protected. 10.1.8 Ifa building 2 storey or higher, has 2 staircases on either sides then the distance from the furthest part away from the staircase to the exit leading, from the staircase should not exceed 30m. 10.1.9 I the distance between any locations of the building mentioned in 6.1.8 to the staircase is more than 30m, then the staircase should be protected. 10.1.10 Hence, every building should be constructed with safe passages and exits 102 Fire Escape, Fire escapes are the escape routes used by the inhabitants of the building in case of a fire, These routes can be constructed either on the inside or the outside of the building, these routes must be sufficiently fire protected. All openings in way of this route should also be fire resisted. There must be a fire escape in every building that is A storey or higher. 10.3 Exits and Notices. In case of.a fire the notices and the signs on various parts of the building must clearly state Where the exits are and the path to get to them. 103.2 ‘The signs and the notices should not be more than 24m apart; each of the signs should be at least 2m above the floor. 10.33 All the safe exits should be labeled “EXIT” or “FIRE EXIT”. These signs ‘must be labeled in accordance to Annex 1 103.4 Theexit signs and the direction signs should be in accordance to Annex 1 10.3.5 Thesigns placed to show the paths and exits must glow in the dark 10.3.6 The safe exit doors must be closed and labeled accordingly. 103.7 A descriptive fire plan must be placed on the doors of each room. 11 Electric Wiring and Power House. 11.1 Power House. The power house in any resort must be constructed according to the nules of the govemment.26 F232 P43 442 2542 40 2 23 618 Pane oF 225. 3s FB. — SS SS ql ‘ i i 27/ save14 11.2 Electric Wiring. A resort will be considered safe if the wiring in its buildings is encased in conduit pipes or any other means approves by the government, Note: conduit pipes are: BS 6099/BSEN 50086 or any other pipe that fits the required standard. 12. Lightening Rod. Every resort must either have NFPA lighting protection code 780 or another code hat is more or less similar. A code that the government approves of can also be used. ‘when constructing the lightening rod. 13. Suitable Location for the Incinerator. ‘The incinerator of every resort must be placed in such a way that itis entirely separate from the buildings by at least 7.3m. The required amount of fire extinguishers must be kept in this area. The resorts that don’t have these facilities can take extra measures to seduce the dangers incase of a fire. These steps can only be taken after consultation with the architect and also after getting the special permission required. The blueprint of the particular area sent, in order to get the special agreement must have details about the steps that are going to be taken. 14, Storage. ‘There is a greater chance of fire if the storage doesn’t have the necessary safety requirements, Hence the following conditions should be applied. 14.1 Storage must have good ventilation. In this case either openings on the top and bottom or exhaust fans must be installed. These conditions don’t apply to air-conditioned storage. 142 Current wires must be encased in conduit pipes or any other means approved by the government. There must not be any sockets or switches inside the storage. The source of power of the chiller and the freezer required in the storage doesn’t count in this case. 14,3 The storage must have shelves if there are any items that can be placed on the shelves. 14.4 There musthe a distance of 1m between the shelves either ahove/helow, tight/eft. In any case there must not be goods place in the empty are between the shelves. This doesn’t count in the case of wine cellars. In the case of a wine cellar, there must be an entrance and an exit at opposite sides of the wine cellar.15 145 Whenstoring goods in the storage make sure that the ventilation doesn’t get disturbed in the process 146 The goods must be arranged in such a way that it is no Jess than Imeter away from the source of light and 300mm below the rest of the ceiling, 14.7 The goods must be arranged in such a way that it doesn’t cause harm to the ‘people going in and out of the storage. 14.8 The goods must be stored according to the rules stated in condition 19 of “Handling Dangerous Cargo” and‘ Storage of Goods’ 149 Instorage 2 storey or higher goods must be stored in such a way that its weight can be held by the ceiling. Some thought must be given to the goods that absorb water as this may increase the load on the ceiling, Steps must be taken to decrease the load, 14.10 The door of the storage must be cut in such a way that it obeys the condition 7.1 in the nules in case of a fire. 15. Notices And Signs. A gesture, a word, a drawing or a mark that indicates some fact or quality etc. is defined as ‘signs’ The following paragraphs are about some such signs and the situations in which they are used. 15.1 No Naked Flame. Places that prohibit fire and the places that are vulnerable to fire must have a ‘board stating “NO NAKED FLAME” 15.2 Danger (HIGH VOLTAGE). If there are electrical dangers in an area then there should be a board saying “DANGER (High Voltage) Such boards must be made in accordance to Annex 1. The extent of the dangers must be clearly stated in the board. 183 NoEntry. ‘There should be NO ENTRY boards in every restricted area. 184 Exit All the doors in a building leading outside must have EXIT signs on them.15.5 16 Hlammable Gases, Places dealing with flammable gases like petroleum gas must have a sign saying “FLAMMABLE GASES”. The sign must be placed in such a way that it is clearly visible. 15.6 Flammable Liquids. Places dealing with flammable liquids must have a sign saying “FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS”. Note: All the signs must be written in both Dhivehi and English. Details of the designs its ‘of such signs are mentioned in Annex I. Every resort must have a diagram of design in an easily visible area. 16. Fire Squad. 161 16.2 Every resort must have a fire squad. In case of a fire, the people in charge of extinguishing the fire are known as the Fire Squad, Every person in the fire squad must have the required training and he approved by the Min. of Defense and National Security. Each person must have a written document as proof of their training. The resort should ako be given a copy of this document. When assigning duties to the employees of the resort, 7 people from the firing squad must be included in every shift. If there are less than 50 ‘employees in a resort then the number of people from the firing squad necessary for the shifts can be reduced to no less than 4 people. The leader of the squad must be a senior, but the squad itself can consist of people of a lower rank. The people of the firing squad must be well suited and fit for the job at hand. The members of the firing squad are allowed to do work besides extinguishing fires. ‘The training given to the people in the firing squad must be fully approved by the Min, of Defense and National Security. Noie: The rules of the Firing Squad are available in Annex 2. 17. Fire Awareness Course. 7 75% of the employees must have either taken the fire awareness course prepared by the Min. of Defense and National Security or have adequate information about fire awareness. Any employee who took part in the course ‘must have written documents and records, a copy should be handed to the resort as well. Itis strongly recommended that all employees take the fire awareness course,1 172 The syllabus of the course must be approved by the Ministry of Defense and National Security. Note: niles of the awareness course are available in Annex 3. 18 Stops To Take In Case Of Fire. 173 Incase ofa fire, steps employees should take. 17.3.1 As soon as you are aware of the fire necessary steps must be taken to ensure that the resi of the building knows about it as well. 173.2 Call the N.8.S Fire Department as soon as possible hotline 118) also call the ‘authorities concemed in the tourism ministry. 1733 Get everyone out of the building os quickly es possible, 173.4 Get the Fire Squad in charge of the situation as soon es possible, 17355 Use the fire extinguishers or other means necessary to put out the fire. 173.6 Nover put your life at risk while putting out the fire. 18.2 Steps the inhabitants of the resort should take in case of a fire. 18.2.1 Get out of the building from the nearest and easiest Bxit 18.2.2 Avoid using elevators. 1823 In case ofa fire don't stay indoors for uny reason. 182.4 When everyone reaches the safe area inform the head of the resort. 18.2.5 Donot enter the recently extinguished building unless permission is given. 183 Steps The Head Of The Resort Should Take In Case Of Fire, 18.3.1 Assist the people in the building in getting out. 183.2. Make sure that everyone exits the building safely. 18.33 Help the N.SS fire department to put out the fire and also give them the required information about the fire.18 ‘19 Dealings And Storage Of Kerosene, Diesel. Kerosene and diesel are classified as Class 2 compounds of oil. Class 2 consists of oils that are combustible between 37.8 and 60 degrees. Since it is a must to have kerosene and diesel in the resorts, necessary precautions must be taken when dealing or storing such oils. If an oil tank somehow gets exposed to fire or if by any chance there happens to be a leak in the tank, then the resort is in danger of a fire. This may cause serious environmental problems, Large amounts of the oil getting absorbed into the soil causes the water to become impure. This also threatens the lives of the sea creatures. Since most of the islands are ‘quite stall, the tanks may have to be places quite near the shores. In cases like this, the oil may go straight into the sea thus creating environmental problems and causing, threats to the lives of the sea creatures. This may cause serious problems in the existing tourism industry. Therefore always take the necessary safety precautions ‘when dealing with or when storing such flammable liquids. A tank is said to have too much oil if thes more than 2501. This doesn’t include fuel tanks supplied with electric generators. 191 192 193 19.4 19.4.1 When designing an oil tank on the floor, the project must be handled by experts. il tankers must be designed in accordance to Annex 4. When placing oil tanks in islands consisting of buildings close to one another, Make sure that additional steps are taken to ensure safety. Such steps can only be taken after consulting with the designer. If 2 or more tanks are to be placed together then the distance between them should not be les than a meter. This does not include the situation mentioned in Annex 5. If there happens to be a leakage of Class 2 or2 oil. Then it must not be allowed to seep into any residential areas. Steps must be taken to ensure that the oil doesn’t get absorbed into the earth. In case of leakage there are two ‘ways to control it. They are: Jn case of spills, using pipelines will eliminate the possibilities of the oil getting absorbed into the earth and the oil seeping into residential areas. The pipelines will transfer the oil into a reserved area where it can be controlled. in doing so oil wont be seen collected around the tanks. This can be possible only if the following conditions apply: The distance between the reserved area and the tanks should be less than 15m. The pathway must be 1% steep. ‘The reserved area must have enough space, able to contain the amount of oil in the biggest tank19 ¢. Ifthe pipelines catch fire then it must not be allowed to pose as a threat to the tanks/residential areas, Hence the pipelines should be constructed in such a ‘way that it reduces the risk of fire to the areas mentioned. The distant from the reserved area to the tanks / borderline of residential areas, must not be less than 15m. 19.42 Ifa bund wall is assembled around the tank, then the following conditions should apply The pathway from the tanks to the edge of the bund wall should be 1% steep. b. ‘The bund wall assembled around the tank should be able to hold the capacity of oil in the respective tank. ©. The distance between the bund wall and the neighboring property should not exceed 3m. d. The bund wall should be built in such a way that it doesn’t allow the leakage to seep into the surroundings. ¢. Tleight ofthe inner part of the bund wall can be increased to more than 2m, only ifthe tanks valves and other equipments are in danger of getting too close. £ The height of the inner pat of the bund wall may not be increased to more than 2m for any reason except that mentioned in (e) . Pipelines should be taken above the bund wall. It is allowed to have pipelines underground as long as there are no leaks. Since the surrounding area of the bund wall absorbs water, the leakage must not, be allowed into this area. Leakage must stay in the bund wall. The surrounding are must not have full / empty tanks, fifaa bund wall or flammable materials, J. Apermanent staircase must be at hand in order to get in and out of the area inside the bund wall. (IN and OUT) 193 Oil tanks must have good ventilation system in order to escape any changes ‘caused by nature. 19.4 Oil tanks must be built in such a way that it has means to let the pressure out incase the tank catches fire.20 19.5Any place thet deals with components that release flammable vapors should ‘make sure that there is no chance of a fire, Hence the bund wall should be free of such things that may cause a fire, for example fire, people smoking etc. 19.6Any place dealing with oil must have a DCP fire extinguisher for every 4001 of oil. Hence, a DCP fire extinguisher of at least Skg should be available in any place dealing with oil less than 24001. Any other means of diminishing the spread of fire used must be approved by the government. 19.7The oil tanks must be tested according to the mules and regulations. 19.8The bonds made as u safety precaution must obey the NFPA lightning protection code 780. 19.9Places/areas dealing with oils must be free of any flammable materials, Smoking or carrying fire is against the rules. 19.10 Any wiring near the oil tanks must be encased in conduit pipes or another medium approved by the government. Bulbsilights, switches and plugs must be fire proof, 19.11 Signs and Notices: should he designed in accordance to condition 15. 19, How to handle and store LP gas. 193 The handling and storage of LP gas. 1934 Handling cylinders. 193.1.1 Cylinders must be kept upright at all times unless there are specific instructions stating otherwise. Cylinders should be positioned in such a way that there is enough room for the safety valves to release gas. 193.1.2 Cylinders must be handled very carefully as not to damage the valves or the cylinder itself. 193.1.3 Make sure that the valve is closed before the cap is removed 193.1.4 The valves on empty cylinders must be closed and capped. 193.1.5 The cylinders should not be exposed to heat. 193.1.6 Soapy water or gas detectors can be used to confirm any gas leakage.2 20.1.2 Storage of cylinders. 20.1.2.1 Cylinders should be stored in the warehouse in such a way that they are casily removable in case of emergency 20.1.2.2 Storage of cylinders close to corrosive or highly flammable matter is prohibited. 201.23 If cylinders are stored outside a building, special attention must be given to the following conditions. a They should be stored in a clean and dry place. b. Unauthorized people should not be able to enter the storage arcas. c. They should be stored in such a way that no damage is caused to them by vehicles. 2012.4 Cylinders should not be stored in places without sufficient ventilation at ground level, 2012.5 Cylinders should be stored either at or above ground level. LP gas should not be stored in places where its vapors can accumulate, for e.g. basements, sewers, caves ete 20.12.6 Cylinders must not be exposed to heat, 2012.7 Fire fighting equipment must be installed outside the warehouse in an easily accessible place. 20.1.2.8 The valves of stored gas cylinders (inchuding empty cylinders) must be kept closed at all times 20.12.9 Cylinders should be stored in such a way that they are easily accessible and easy to inspect, Cylinders should be positioned in such a way that there is enough room for the safety valves to release gas. 20.12.10 The valves of every full gas cylinder must be capped or corked at all times, 2022 Necessary precautions, 2022.1 The oylinders must be stored in such @ place where unauthorized people cannot tamper/ cause damage to the cylinders, In addition the cylinders should not be allowed to overheat. Cylinders should not be exposed to sunlight or rain, Cylinders must be stored in such 2 way that it doesn’t get exposed to water, in case of a flood.20.222 2022.3, 20.2.2.4 2022.5 22 Cylinders must be kept clear of the pathways used regularly by the people; they should also he kept away from the pathways used in cases of emergency. Likewise they should be kept clear of exits and stairways. ‘While handling cylinders, steps must be taken to ensure the safety of their valves. All the outlet valves of the cylinders must be fitted with the appropriate caps. If empty LP gas cylinders stored in a building are of a permitted amount then they should be considered full. 20.23 Storage in buildings. 20.23.1 0.2.3.2 20.233 20.23.4 20.23.6 20.23.7 20.23.8 Storage of gas cylinders in public places such as shopping centers, theaters, schools etc. or in buildings joined to any public place is prohibited TP gas warehouses should be located on the ground floor. Tn addition an exit that leads outside should be at hand, If any wall, floors of the storage space is shared with the other compartments in the building, then they should be fire resisted for at least 2 hours, Note: 100mm thick walls made from hollow bricks or coral stones and 75mm thick walls made from embedded and concreted iron rods should be fire resistant for at least two hours 110% of ‘the boundary walls and the roof of the building should be ‘made of single strength glass or similar material. (Should not shatter) ‘At least one wall of the storage should be an outer wall. The outer wall must include at least one exit or fireproof passage which leads directly outside, Ea door or window connecting the warehouse to another patt of the building is desired and permission is granted, the door or window should be able to resist fir for at least 1.5 hours. The floor above the warehouse should not be accommodated by people. ‘The ware house should have a diffused light flooding the compound.23 2023.9 Warehouses which store LP gas can only be ventilated from the top 20.23, 20.23. 20.23. and bottom of the outer wall. Fan lights placed in the warehouse must be at least 1.5m apart from the other sources of ventilation in the building. The area of the fan lights should be larger than 3/100 of the floor. 10 The floor of the warehouse should not be below ground level. If there are any hollow spaces beneath the floor, they should be packed or properly ventilated ‘Note: the hollow spaces should be packed with solid materials ¢.g. sand and stone, 11 Ifa building or a section of a building is used to store LP gas cylinders, then such places should not be used for any other purpose. ‘Un authorized persons should not be allowed into the storage areas. 12 Empty gas cylinders must be stored with their valves facing upwards. 20.2.4 Storage of cylinders outside the building. 2024.1 Cylinders that are brought for usage can only be placed outside (compounds), as stated in Annex 6, in the following areas or nearest place that the cylinder(s) can be kept on the safest note. a. Thenearest permanent building(s). b, Areas that is most likely to accommodate a building, «Roads. 4. Boundary wall, ifthe place be a sports pitch, hospital, mosque, school 0.2.4.2 20.243 ‘or anywhere that the public generally gathers, ‘The cylindsr(s) must be stored in an eppropriately safe place, closed space where they cannot be tampered with. ‘Any cylinders stored outside (or inside) must be protected from min, sunlight, There should not be grass/dry grass within 3meters of the oylinders. 203 The evlinders in use, 20.3.2 203.21 Cylinders installed/in use outside the building, Place(s) where the cylinders can be installed. f any cylinders are installed outside the building then the following conditions should apply.2032.2 4 They should maintain the safety distance mentioned in Annex 7 and 8. Any cylinders installed without permit must be kept closed off with a fonce (in a manner that doesn’t damage the cylinders) and locked. If the building has an opening below the level at which a cylinder has a safety valve, the cylinder should be no less than 1 meter from the building (One or more cylinders can be placed beneath » window. Cylinders installed in such a way should have a distance at least 150mm between the lower window sill and the top of the valves(of cylinder) Installation of gases closer than $ meters to warehouses containing, flammable materials is prohibited. If however a wall, capable of being fire resistant for 2 hours separates them, then the oylinders may be kept 3 meters from the warehouse. Installation, 2032.2.1 Cylinders must be connected or installed in such a way that it does not get in direct contact with the ground. Cylinders should also be placed so that there is no risk of a fire and also it should be kept in a stable ‘manner. Flammable materials must not be found near the cylinders. 203.2.2.2 Cylinders should be installed with it’s valves facing upwards and they should be attached firmly in order to be kept in a stable manner. There should not be any flammable objects near the cylinders such as grass or paper. 2032.23 Cylinders must not be installed below ground level 2032.24 If the safety valves of a cylinder emit gas horizontically, it should be placed in a manner in which the gas travels directly and with force at another gas cylinder or flexible parts. 2032.25 Anauthorized person should only do other than to connect or to disconnect a cylinder, any modification, and removal of spare parts or repairing. 2032.26 If two or more cylinders are connected toa single pipe (manifold installation) the following conditions must apply. a Cylinders should be installed in such a way that the removal and any replacement can be done as quickly as possible, b+ Connection and regulator devices must be in an accessible area, so that work is made easy.25 c- How cylinder valves should be operated. Note: A regulator device should connect the pipe holding the cylinders to the pipes that lead to the place(s) in use. Annex 8 shows two of the ways of connecting the pipes. 2032.27 Ia special compartment is built inside the building in accordance with the conditions below, the compartment will be regarded to be outside the building, These types of compartments, which are regarded to be outside, should be at an appropriate distance in accordance with the safety requirements, a, The walls of the compartment should be of a 4 hours fire resistant rating. And the walls should be separate from all the other walls of the building. ‘There should be no opening in the compartment into the building, b. Asmooth concrete floor should be constructed, reaching up to a 100 mm above ground level. This is to prevent the cylinders hitting a rough surface and creating sparks, ©. The electrical appliances installed in the compartment should be “explosion proof”. And they should he ahove the height of the cylinder(). 4. The area of the ventilation openings should have at least 300 m 2 to each ‘square meter on the floor. And these openings should be as close es possible to the floor. It is to prevent the gas from accumulating in the ‘compartment in case of a leakage. e. Adoor not less than 1.5 meters in width should be constructed in these ‘compartments. These doors should lead directly to the outside of the building. 20.32.2.8 Special Circumstances, Cylinders could be installed and used in a place, only after the guidelines in annex 9 (the minimum required safoty distances) and the following, conditions have been met. a. The surrounding walls should at least be as strong and fire resistant as walls made of concrete walls made from 150 mm thickness or with iron embedded concrete of 120 mm thickness. Any wall made with concrete blocks should be 150 mm thick and 1.8 m high. If there are holes in the blocks they should be filled with cement. The iron rods should be of 9 mm. in diameter and should be placed at a distance of 400 mm between them, both vertically and horizontally. The rods should be strongly attached at the comers where they meet.26 . The door should have one and half hours fire resistant rating. ©. The roof should be made of a light and rigid material(s), able to support the structure. 4d. Asmooth concrete floor should be constructed, reaching up to a 100. mm above ground level. This is to prevent the cylinders hitting a rough surface and creating sparks ¢. The atea of the ventilation openings should have at least 300 cm? to each, square meter on the floor. And these openings should be as close as possible tothe floor. It is highly recommended that the ventilation opening. be al the floor. It isto prevent the gas from accumulating in the compartment in case of a leskage. £ The electrical appliances installed in the compartment should be “explosion proof”. And they should be above the height of the cylinder(3). g. IF the cylinders are installed at two sides of the compartment there should be at least a 3 m gap between them. This gap should be measured at the point where the two cylinders are the closest. The gap could be minimized to 1 monly if atwo hours fire resistant wall is constructed between them. h. There should be a minimum distance of 500 mm between cylinders and the wall in the direction where the safety valve releases the gas. 20.4 Signs and Notices. 20.4.1 Any place that stores LP gas should have a board, which shows “LP gas store” in English and “cooking gas” in Dhivehi, in an easily visible manner. This board should be in white color and have red lettering, The letters should be each 75 mm in height and 12 mm in width. 20.42 The below mentioned signs (If ices are required including these as well) should be placed in the vicinity of the warehouse or in a place where it could be seen from outside the building in both Dhivehi and English. a. NoSmoking b. NoNaked Flame ©. Tlighly Flammable 20.43 The sign boards should be in an appropriate size as stated in Annex 10. The height of the letters should be 50 mm height.7 20.5 Prevention of Fire. ee wcee 20.522 20.5.2.3 2051 Use. 20.5.1 This section describe how to prevent fire incidents in places where LP gas cylinders ate installed and used. 20.52 General Issues. 20.5:2.1 This section is complied according to the things mentioned below. Fire prevention system should fulfill two objectives. This is to control and extinguish fire incidents us soon as possible and to protect the goods from the heat of the fie. Controlling and extinguishing a fire can be divided into two parts. 1. An incident of fire near gas warehouse or from a leakage from ges should be provided with immediate help. 2. ‘Lange hazardous incident of a fire should be provided with appropriate equipment. One of the best way to protect the object from heat, is to cool the fire with water, This is the most common way. The other way is insulating and burying underground. The conditions stated in this section are the minimum requirements which should apply when installing cylinders in normal conditions. On the other hand the respective authorities have the power to alter these conditions, after importance of the building is taken into consideration, The following conditions should apply in such a situation. ‘The possible dangers of the fire incident in a place(s). Total number of people in the area. Damages that may occur to peoples’ possessions. Availability of water. Capability of the fire fighting vehicles. Capability of the fire fighters. ‘The usage of appliances in the building. ‘The fire extinguishers in the area containing LP gas are installed for any cother purpose, they can be used on the LP gas only after special permission from the respective authorities. ‘Similarities in the systems. The pipes, connectors, booster connections and foam compounds should ‘be similar to that in the N.S S fire department.28 2052.4 — Location of the fire fighting equipment. ‘The fire fighting equipment should be conveniently located in the areas most likely to be in danger ofa fire 2052.5 Portable fire extinguishers. The portable fire extinguishers (note 1 and 2)should be in accordance to the conditions mentioned below. Portable DCP fire extinguishers should be in accordance to the European standard BS. EN3 or in any standard, not lower than the standard mentioned. Portable carbon dioxide extinguishers should be in accordance to the European standard or in any standard, not lower than the standard mentioned. Note 1: Foam Fire extinguishers are not appropriate for extinguishing combustible gas(s) Note 2: The conditions mentioned above does not apply to Fire extinguishers that are fixed to trolleys for easier handling. Even so the conditions should be applied to such wherever passible. 20.52.6 Hydrant System, ‘The hydrant system installed must be in accordance to MS 830. The conditions mentioned below should be applied. a. Hydrant system should be installed in such a way that it is able to cool the as cylinders in any case of fire even if the wind happens to be blowing hhard in any direction, b. Every hydrant system should have at least 1 hose, hose connecting tools and combination jeV/spray nozile. ¢. Hoses and Hydrants should be repaired and maintained according to the niles set be the respective authorities. 2052.7 Water delivery. ‘The water used in the fire fighting system(s) should be in accordance to the conditions mentioned below. a. Ifstated as ‘Gardening Hose’, the length of the hose should not ‘exceed 30m the diameter should be within 19mm. The hose should be rigid so that the water flow is not disturbed due to squeezing, ‘The water hose should be placed closer than 18m from the gas, cylinder. A. 6mm permanent instantaneous nozzle should be installed in the hose(s). The hose(s) should be capable of releasing water at 251-/minute to a distance of 6 meters.29 '. Ifpossible the water should be obtained from the regular water system. ©. Ifpressure of regular water system is low, a booster pump should be used. 4, Place(s) denied of regular water system mentioned in clause ‘c” should have means to pump adequate amount of pressured water. ¢. The water storage, as mentioned in clause‘d” should have the capacity (of water) to fight fire for at least 2 hours. Note 3. The water in the reservation of the freezing system can be included in the calculation of the water that should be available for ‘two hours, as mentioned in clause ‘e" Note 4. Water from sea(s) or river(s) can be used as a source, (as ‘mentioned in clause ‘e') as long as the necessary attention is given to the changes in tide, 20.53 Cylinder Warehouses and Installed Cylinders. 20.5.3.1 20,5.3.2 2053.3 If more than 500 Kg LP gas is stored in the warchouse, then there should be at least 1 watering hose (can be used instantaneously) or a 40B rating fire extinguisher. f more than 500UKg is stored in the warehouse, then there should be at Jeast 1 fire hydrant installed in addition to the items mentioned in section 17.5.3.1. To prevent fire accidents, the objectives in section 17.5.3.1 or section 16,5.3.2 should be fulfilled after mass of the cylinders are taken into consideration. 21. Usage and Storage of Petrol. aa 2.41 22 Precautions that should be taken in the area(s), place() storing petrol. Residential areas, centers, assemblies, offices, shops, workshops, industrial buildings should be within 7.3 meters of an adjacent wall of ‘any petrol storage place, ‘The roof of the sheds storing petrol should be made of roofing sheets, Ceiling should be made of asbestos. The wooden beadings should be made of hard wood. (Size of hard wood, 1 x1/2). The roof can also be made of materials approved by the respective authorities.a3 24 215 21.16 30 Conduit pipes with a fire rating of more than 1.5 hours should be used in the electric wiring of petrol stornge place(s) All switches, plugs, bulbs, tube lights etc. should be spark proof. The main switch should be placed in an easily accessible area, Tools that don’t create sparks, such as copper and brass should be used ‘when opening the petrol tanks. Such tools must be made available in every shed, storing petrol. Petrol stomge must be in accordance to the diagrams in annex 11. ‘The signsMnotices in petrol storage should be placed in an easily visible area, The notices should be written in a logical manner, such signs should not be smaller than ‘1x3, 2161 Signs and Notices, 21.17 18 219 21.110 ail a No smoking. b._Nonaked lights. Flammable Liquids, 4. Petrol- this sign should be easily visible to people traveling both directions, ‘The dimensions of such signs or notices should be in accordance to Annex 12. ‘Height should be SOmm. ‘The cleanliness should be maintained to the standard set by the govemment, Petrol should be stored below ground level (in accordance to Annex 13), The ‘capacity of the tanks kept underground should not exceed more than 1000L. Arratio of 2001 of petrol to 1K of DCP fire extinguisher should be maintained at petrol storage. If less than 1200 L are stored then a DCP of at least 6Kg should be installed, A petrol container should not be placed / filled in the vicinity of a running, engine In accordance to section 18.1.10,no machinery or vehicle should be started within Smiles of the area where petrol is being passed into a container. 21.2 Petrol Storage Tanks. 21.21 Hf mote than 400 liters of petrol is stored, the petrol tank should be built underground.31 21.22 The petyol Tank should be placed inside a special concrete casing, underground. “These tanks should be built in accordance to annex 13 and should be kept separate from the dispenser. 21.23 The surrounding wall should be at least 2.5 M from where tank is kept 21.24 Up to4 openings are allowed in the tanks. These openings should be covered cor concealed by sand while the tanks are in use. Only one opening should be uncovered at a time, 21.25 There should at least be a 600 mm diameter in the openings in the tank 21.2.6 In accordance with annex 14, every tank should have a pipe to release its vapor. It should have a diameter of at least 25 mm. the tip of the pipe should not be less than 1.5 m from the shed and the surrounding walls, and should not be below 4 m from ground level. At the tips of ll these ventilation pipes an automatic pressure-releasing valve should be attached. 21.2.7 The petrol tanks should be thoroughly inspected both inside and outside once in every 5 years. And the certificate of inspection should be displayed at an easily visible point. 21.3 Petrol dispenser and filling points. 21.3.1 Petrol should be delivered only through a dispenser. 21.32 There should be at least 5 m between the dispenser and the surrounding walls 21.33 The petrol dispenser should be placed on @ floor reaching 150 mm above ground level. 21.34 The petrol dispenser should be placed in accordance with annex 15. 213.5 A6 KG dry powder fire extinguisher should be installed at a convenient place near the petrol dispenser. 21.3.6 Atthe times that the petrol tanks are being filled, there should be a fire extinguisher as described in section 17.3.6 near the vehicles used for carrying, petrol and near the filling point ofthe petrol tank. The fire extinguisher should be protected fiom sunlight and rain. 21.4 Transfer of petrol 21.4.1 Except for an emergency a vehicle carrying petrol should not stop to transfer petrol or to change tires on streets, within 5 m of an inhabited building or house.32 ‘21.4.2 A petrol-carrying vehicle should not be left unsupervised on the street. In. addition to this at night the vehicle should be parked where the light from other vehicles ca reach, and should have a luminous sign or a flashing light, 21.43 Handling naked flames and smoking is prohibited in the vicinity of a petrol- carrying vehicle. Objects, which easily spark, as well as explosive objects are prohibited. 21.44 There should be two 9 KG (Dry powder or foam) fire extinguishers on the vehicle at easily accessible places. 21.45 All petrol carrying vehicles should be kept clean. Spilling petrol over the vehicle and on the streets is prohibited. 21.46 Repairing of the engine and electrical components of a petrol carrying vehicle, Should only be carried out after the petrol inside that vehicle has been transferred else where, and after switching off the battery, If proper care and attention is not given in usage, transport and storage of dangerous goods, dangerous circumstances may arise. Goods that are dangerous ate classified into 9 categories. That is 1. Class 1 (Explosives) 2, Class 2(Gas) ‘According to the type and state of the gas and the way they are handled, the devices are classified into 3 divisions. That is: 21 Flammable gas 22 — Nontoxic, Non flammable gas 23 Poisonous gas Class 3 Flammable liquid Class 4 Flammable solids and spontaneously combustible substances Oxidizing substances and Organic peroxides Poisons and infectious substances Radio netive substances Corrosive ‘Miscellaneous dangerous substance and article Wer Awaw ‘When handling and trans ferring dangerous goods, the packing must be marked have an intemationally acceptable label. Annex 16 demonstrates how these Inhels should appear. 22.1 Class 1. ‘Explosives’ The items in class 1 must be dealt with, legislation number 4/75.(legislation ‘concerning illegal imports)33 222 Precautions that must be taken when storing ‘gas’ 22.2.1 Receptacle(s) should be safe from heat in the storage. And when transferring, they should be kept as safe from heat as possible. 22.2.2. Receptacle must be stored in the following way 2222.1 If full receptacles are kept in a metallic place pieces of wood should be inserted between them. And if they are not attached to the frame, then there should be something to support and stable them. The gas receptacles should be ‘placed in such a way thet the cold vapors from cylinder(s) doesn’t get in contact with the device releasing fresh air. 22.2.2.2 If full gas cylinders are kept in a group, in boxes, in crates then pieces of wood should be placed between the cylinders and the metal. The cylinders in crates, boxes should me made stable by tying them strongly in a secure way. 22.2.3. When storing receptacle(s) (containing gas) in an open space, they should be keptsafe from heat. It is advisable to keep the receptacle away from direct suniight. 2222.4 There must be ventilation, exhaust fans or such, if gas cylinders (Containing gas)are to be kept in a closed space. 22.23 Storage(s) should be built in such a way that the gas emitted from the receptacles isn’t allowed to accumulate, This is so, because some gases are denser than air and hence may cause serious fire accidents, *Special attention ‘must be given to gases that are poisonous and difficult to breathe in 22.2.4 Cylinders should be placed in such a way that the leakage doesn’t have a chance to escape through any openings into areas, where machinery and other equipments are being used. 22.25 Storage(s) must be located away from inhabited areas. 22.2.6 Cardboard boxes containing gas cylinders or gas spray cans should be kept in an area where water cannot reach. 22.2.7 Emitted gas should be protected from heat, If storage is a closed spaces then ventilation such as exhaust fans are needed, to keep combustible gas(s) out, 22.2.8 Vessels storing such should be kept away from residential areas and other possessions/200ds. ‘Note: Information regarding section 19,2.24 and 19.2.7 will be given by the authorized people 22.3 Precautions to take when storing flammable liquids 22.3.1 Such products should be kept as safe from heat as possible. Flammable liquids ‘must be kept away from fire sparks, steam pipes, heating coils etc. 22.3.2 Storage must be constructed in such a way that it meets the requirements mentioned below. ‘* Anoutlet must be present as a way forthe flammable vapors to escape © Ventilation ‘+ Any leakage or flammable vapors should not be allowed to escape. Note: the above information can he provided by the authorities’ concerned.34 22.33 Vehicles carrying leaky gas containers must not be allowed into working areas, residential areas or places using machinery. 22.3.4 Such items must be stored in such a way that it does not affect food products. 22.3.5 Such containers must be kept away from residential areas. 22.3.6 If containers are enclosed in a fiber board box, then it should be waterproof. 22.3.7 Contents should be stored in such a way that it does not marine/water pollution. 22.4 Class 4 Flammable Materials. Precautions to be taken while storage. 22.4.1 The contents in fiber board boxes should not be exposed to water 22.42 The storage must have exhaust fans or such, to allow the dust particles and flammable vapors to escape. Storage must be kept as cool as possible. Note: above information can be provided by the authorities’ concemed. 22.4.3 Flammable materials must be kept away from heat producing mediums such as fire, fire sparks. Steam pipe, heating coil etc 22.4.4 Flammable materials must be kept away from residential areas. 22.4.5 Flammable materials must not be kept in food storages. 22.8 Class § Warehousing combustible and non combustible oxygen containers. Precautions to be taken while storage. 22.5.1 Make sure that such contents are kept away from flammable materials. Dry logs can be used in this case, 22.5.2 Such contents must be kept away from residential areas. 2253 Such contents must not be kept in food storage. Storage used for these contents must have a good ventilation system. 22.5.4 These items must be kept away from metal powder. Ammonium compounds, cyanide and hydrogen peroxide. The items must never be stored in « hot place. 22.55 Items must be stored in such a way that it doesn’t get exposed to water.35 22.6 Class 6 Poisonous and disease causing agents. Precautions to be taken hile storage. 22.6.1. Contents enclosed in the fiber board must not be exposed to water. 22.6.2 If such items are to be stored in food storage then, distance between the items and the food should be 6m or more. (On the same level) if items are placed in a different storage then items must be at least 3m away from the other goods/ each other. (On the same level). The path between the 2 storages must be water proof and fire proof, Page 70 22.63 Storage must be cleansed properly of the previously stored goods, ifit is to be used to store different goods. If food products are the replacement goods, then the storage must be inspected thoroughly. 22.6.4 Ttems should be kept away from residential areas. 2.65 Items should be stored in such a way that it doesn’t cause water/marine pollution 22.6.6 Storage must have exhaust fans or such allowing air in and out; the temperature of the storage should be kept as low as possible. Items should be kept away from heat producing agents such as fire, fire sparks, steam pipes ete. 22.6.7 Ifthe containers filled with poisonous matter starts leaking, then the people going in and out of the stomge must take necessary steps for decontamination, 22.6.8 ‘The areas contaminated due to the leakage of poisonous matter must only be visited by experts weating a breathing upparalus und protective clothing. 22.7 Class 7 Radioactive products, Precautions needed to be taken while storage. 22.7.1 The maiation level of the vessel carrying such dangerous containers must not exceed 2mSv/h (200rem/h). in any case the radiation level 2m outside the whole vessel should not exceed (1 0mrem/h) 0.1Sv/h Page 71 22.7.2. The amount of packages, tanks carrying radioactive products: kept in the storage room must not exceed the limit mentioned in the condition 4.4 of TSA 2.13 Except for the radioactive products needing special preparations, special permission is not needed to transfer contents from one packet to another. ‘Therefore when the items needing special preparations are to be transferred, a ‘special permission is needed.36 22.74 Normally there is limitation for packets white labeled category 1. 22.7.5 When storing nuclear radioactive substances and non fissile radioactive substances in the same storage, the maximum amount that can be stored should be equal to the maximum amount of only fissile radioactive substances that can be stored in storage. 22.76 When storing different kinds of radioactive substances in the same storage, the amount that can be stored must not exceed the limit mentioned in condition 18.75 22.7.7 Particular things to be considered while storage. 22.7.7.1. The storage designed for the radioactive substances does not have to tesemble item no.1 or 2. It should however meet the necessary requirements mentioned below. 22.771. Should be very prepared when moving nuclear radioactive and fissile radioactive substances from one place to another. 2.1.1.3 Aprogram mast e made for radiation protection 22.7.7.4 There must be a special expert in charge of checking and handling the radioactive substances. 72.8 Class $ Metals and other substances that causes harm to the body. 22.817 The substances must be stored in a dry place. Contact with water creates rust ona lot of metals, There is danger of an incident occurring without warning if some metals are exposed to water. 22.88 If the substance happens fo be enclosed in unprotected plastic, then the substance should not be kept in @ hot place as plastic loses strength when heat level increases. 2289 In any case, the substances kept ina fiber/wooden box should not be exposed to water. 2.8.10 Substances that may cause harm must be kept away from residential areas, 228.11 These substances should be kept away from food products, 2.8.12 Substances must not be kept in a hot place; there must be 2 good ventilation system. In any case the set temperature of the storage must not be tampered with by means of heat producing matter.ovos o AP” TH ave mS. Se is eee atti saininihainiininliatsatatasiale iat aso e272¢e¢¢< ofl POF PF SPF POIANA = No Naked Flames zore FBPxIaS No Entry oe 2022 © vee + WS GAS S Karr > Flammable Gas.986 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS <2 eo >> SVE PP BLF7 2 2 2 EXIT 7 Oo? aon Blase7o°2 Pan - ed i Fe rrr ® —) a rrve§® Cae FIRE EXIT RE T7/ove37 22.9 Other dangerous items. Precautions needed to be taken while storage. 229.1 Dither dealing with/storing marine products, necessary steps must be taken to ‘make sure that the products have no means of escape into the sea. 229.2 When transporting these products on the boats or such, steps must be taken to make sure that the products don’t spill into the sea; the products must be kept in an area that is protected from the water and arranged in such a way that it causes no harm to the people. 22.10 Dividing and storage. 2.10.1 The table regarding the division of the storage room anil slonage can be found in Annex 17. Topics of Course ‘Theory Chapters that should be covered in the theory How a fire gets started How a fire is spread. Extinguishing a fire. Classes of fire. ‘The things used to put out fires. wenn 8. How itis prepared. b. Type. «6, Precautions to be taken when using, 6. Cooking gas. & Steps to take in order to escape the dangers caused by gases and precautions to be taken in such a situation, . Precautions to be taken when changing gas cylinders. ¢. Things that can be done if there happens to be a leakage. 7. Petrol, diesel, kerosene ‘a Handling oils such as petrol, diese! and kerosene 8, Fire blanket a. Definition of a fire blanket b. Low itis made Practical ‘Should know how to extinguish fires, using fire blankets or any other means.38 Annex 4 Construction of the oil tanks. ‘Nearest distance between roads, buildings, residential Amount of oil that can area's borderline and bund wall BRgeauae a 50 3 Annex 5 be stored (L) tess than 1000 1001-3000 3001-45000 45000-120000 110001-190000 190001-380000 380001-1900000 1900001-3800000 3800001-7600000 71600000-11400000 ‘mote than 11400001 ‘The distance present between the tanks if they are to be placed together in the same ‘tanks with width less than 45m the distance hetween the tanks must be. ‘more than the height of the neighboring tank(1/6) tanks with width fess than 45m. If tank |~ the distance between the tanks must be similar to the one mentioned in condition ‘more than the 1/4 height of the 4.1is present neighboring tank tanks with width less than 45m. Ifa tank |~ the distance between the tanks must be similar to the one mentioned in condition ‘more than the 1/3 height of the 4.2is present neighboring tank Annex 6 Placement of cylinders outside the building ‘Amount of LP Gas that can be stored ‘Minimum distance that should be present 0 Up to 220kg 221- 2500kg 3 2501- 4500k 6 More than 4501 75Annex 7 Place of storage and the safety distance(s) ‘Volume of water The nearest safety measures needed (mm) thatcan be stored “From the building | Starting from the | Starting from the in cylinders area devices that connected to the generate sparks. manifold (KL) He Up 102.5 ‘None ‘None’ ‘Devices generating, From 25 -10 78 1s sparks should not be kept in zone 0,1 or2 ‘the capacity of water in the cylinders connected to the manifold (Note ~ 1) should not be more than 125L. If more than one manifold is installed then the distance(s) between them should be less than 7.5m. The distance could be reduced only if] wall (fire resisted for 2 hours) separates them, but the vapor path should not be lesser than 7.5m. Annex Safety Precautions Weight of waterin cylinder connected Precautions that must be taken to manifold (kl) ‘Starting from class | Starting from class | Distance from any 1 building 2 building dangerous areas(occurrence of fire) Upto25 0 0 Don'tkeep flamimable 25-10 0 3 objects in zone 0,1 10-135 10 13.5 «how the buildings are divided Class 1 building - buildings made for large crowds, e.g. shopping center, theater, cinema, mosques ete. Class 2 buildings- buildings made usually for people to live in.891... a evor0e Srod ASP SRA AV ope pe nial e727 0 ce tor OPPs ws vay LP GAS STORE ® ® t+ orr0c oF + 20>> 0%> <2e PP PISPS PSA wore Poagha Sere 2 No Naked Flames NO SMOKING os a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE eee pr ovr LYE ALIS POPS 7 7 iTU) FMhing Peal era srz3 in 3 Ui eresness ® ts or20¢ oF + PP PISPSE PIZA 2 "No Naked Flames NO SMOKING Zro2> erv0> POrKY prag— a SPIPA FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS <- 2 2 > | out a7 4277 olvfoec ZF ee} PETROL ee ee ee| 14 B45 4m above grountl (evel 2laee16 Wee Puy, ther ee > >00 SI“4 Label of class 1 f ul —— Subsidiary risk label of classt for self reactive and felated substances in dass 4,1 and ‘organic peroxides (class 5.2) with explosive propertiesay Label of class 2 POISON GAS. 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[ele kee” (sonsoideagy'24 V1} -z, ‘ = Tor! ot ]st z|eolvolzs|rsfer|zr]er] © fez|zz|re|rsyes jer te sse]p I ia I “4 2 Bab gabvap opal IE TP LP PID PHVA Vegestt CIE Es ie ed gods iF et a Spee Hope eeeeeecee 7 REL bogs RTE SOT ee . wiu spec Yo co. rev sletays pe t mt telg my at :40 In relation to the table regarding division of the storage and storage 1. If two items are to be stored together, then the distance between the packages. (no matter how irregularly shaped the packages are) must not be less than 3m. 2. items must not be kept in the same storage. If the storage has been divided into 2 compartments, it should be designed in such a way that leakage is not allowed in addition to the compartments being fireproof. In this case two items ccan be stored together. 3, items must not be stored in the same storage. The distance belween the packages within both the storage (no matter how inegularly shaped the package) must be more than 12m, Different Items can be stored in the same stomge if storage is 3 storey or higher. In order for the items to be stored together the storage must be built in such a way that it doesn’t allow leakage, ‘has 2 ceilings and is fireproof. In addition the middle floor should be free of any items. 4, Different itoms must not be stored together or placed in storage next to each other. The distance between the packages in both the storage must not be less than 24m, Details of the above information is available in the paragraph titled storage precsautions to take while storing