Life is a Struggle

Life is beautiful but not always easy, it has problems, too, and the challenge lies in facing them
with courage, letting the beauty of life act like a balm, which makes the pain bearable, during
trying times, by providing hope.

Happiness, sorrow, victory, defeat, day-night are the two sides of the coin. Similarly, life is full of
moments of joy, pleasure, success and comfort punctuated by misery, defeat, failures and
problems. There is no human being on Earth, strong, powerful, wise or rich, who has not
experienced, struggle, suffering or failure.

No doubt, life is beautiful and every moment – a celebration of being alive, but one should be
always ready to face adversity and challenges. A person who has not encountered difficulties in
life can never achieve success.

Difficulties test the courage, patience, perseverance and true character of a human being.
Adversity and hardships make a person strong and ready to face the challenges of life with
equanimity. There is no doubt that there can be no gain without pain. It is only when one toils and
sweats it out that success is nourished and sustained.

Thus, life is and should not be just a bed of roses; thorns are also a part of it and should be
accepted by us just as we accept the beautiful side of life.

The thorns remind one of how success and happiness can be evasive and thus not to feel
disappointed and disheartened rather remember that the pain of thorns is short-lived, and the
beauty of life would soon overcome the prick of thorns.

Those, who are under the impression that life is a bed of roses are disillusioned soon and become
victims of depression and frustration. One who faces difficulties with courage and accepts
success without letting it go to its head is the one who experience real happiness, contentment and
peace in life.

Those, who think, that good times last forever, easily succumb to pressure during difficulties.
They do not put in required hard work and efforts because they break down easily.

You can take the example of a student, who burns the midnight oil, makes sacrifices and resists
temptations so that he can perform well. Similarly, a successful executive has to face the ups and
downs of life, not forgetting that life is a mix of success and failure, joy and sorrow.

If he loses hope during difficult times, he would not achieve success and would be replaced by
others. Even the strongest Kings and Emperors have had their cup of woes.

Life has not been a bed of roses for them. The adage ‘Uneasy lays the head that wears the crown’
has been rightly used for people, who are successful and are enjoying power and authority.

To sum up, life is beautiful just like roses but it has challenges which are like thorns and have to
be faced and overcome by all. Those, who accept these, challenges and succeed, are the ones,
who know how to live life in its true sense. Thus, enjoy life but also be prepared to bear the
pricks of pain.
Should We Abolish Examinations /
Examinations Serve no Useful
Purpose
The exam is a word that most students fear off. A word that has a magic power to change a happy
person into a frustrated and nervous one. However, it is a big part of the school that all students
have to go through.

There are advantages in exams, but there are people who think the opposite that exams have more
disadvantages to the students and should be abolished. Some people say that exams should not be
abolished, because they say that exams are the only way for teachers to see the student’s level, it
builds a high sense of responsibilities, and it gives him pressure that will be useful for him later in
his life.

The students also compete with not only themselves but with other people. They do not want to
see an increase in their knowledge. They want to beat their classmates to be on top of the class.
Another reason is when the student knows that his hard work has paid off, he will feel a self-
satisfaction inside of him and he will be so proud of himself.

So, those people who say that exams should not be abolished think of exams as a self-test to see
where the students are, and how good they do.

I personally think that exams should be abolished. Because exams are stressful and they do not
show real results of the student’s hard work and mental ability. They favour people who are
gifted or have a good memory and good exam techniques and neglect the less able students who
actually need the most help. Even though, those who have good memories may not be very smart
during the classes and may not understand most of what they are memorizing.

In addition, teachers may grade student papers differently. Sometimes the same teacher will give
the student a different mark to the same paper after a few months.

Another important reason I think is that students should not be judged on their performance on
one day. For example, if a student got sick before the exam and he could not study well and got a
bad grade or failed with the fact that he is an “A” student. Therefore, I do not think it is fair for
him.

Finally, there are always going to be people who are with or against taking exams. It is a
controversial issue in all countries. However, I believe in regular testing throughout the year. I
say doing projects during the year, grades for participation after every lesson, and having weekly
assessment is the best solution and the fairest approach for this debate.

The Most Interesting Book I have

Ever Read
Our school library is having books which I like very much. One of my friends showed me a
certain book in the library and he said that is his favourite book. He also said that is was the
second part of the most famous Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain.
I borrowed the book from the librarian on the advice of my friend. When I went home that day, I
had an immediate lunch, when to my room and started reading the book.

Home interesting was it! It was a wonderful book. The book was full of adventures. The main
character was Huckleberry Finn who was a poor English boy whose father was a third class
drunkard. This father wanted to get his son’s fortune which he gets previously in yet another
adventure with Tom Sawyer, his friend. So Finn runs away from the custody of his father and
meets another boy. This boy was Jim who had been running away from the master. He had been a
slave boy.

The two friends go to the sea and get on to a ship. They become friendly with the seamen and go
on fishing. They also go to the various island in the sea and engage themselves in many
adventures. At last, they come home. Finn finds that his father had died and hi was no more in
danger. Jim also gets his freedom with Finn’s help.

This interesting children’s novel had been written by well-known English Author Mark Twain
who had previously written the famous book, Tom Sawyer. Both of these books are popular even
today. So many millions of children throughout the English speaking world must have read these
books. Much more than Tom Sawyer, it was the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which was the
most interesting book I have ever read.

Knowledge is Power
“A man without knowledge is like an idol” -Nidhi

So knowledge is life and it gives power to human being which makes him different from the other
living organism Knowledge according to Oxford dictionary is “Facts, information, and skills
acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject”
“No thief, however skilful, can rob one of knowledge, and that is why knowledge is the best and
safest treasure to acquire.” L. Frank Baum.

The Lost Princess of Oz, so the greatest treasure of life is knowledge It is only by the knowledge
we can discern between right and wrong.

It is a powerful factor which helps man to attain success, power and position in life. There is no
doubt that physical strength and money are instruments of power. A man who is physically strong
or whose purse is full commands power over others but the power of knowledge is still greater.

Knowledge directs his actions and enables him to find the difference between right and wrong,
good and bad. It helps him overcome his weakness and faults and face dangers and difficulties
with courage and confidence. It gives him mental, moral and spiritual advancement. Besides this,
it is through knowledge that man has gained mastery over nature.

Man is physically weaker than many animals. He cannot run fast as a panther. He cannot see as
far as an eagle can. His sense of smell is weaker than that of a dog. He cannot carry as heavy
loads as some beasts of burden do. He cannot fight tigers and lions with his bare hands. Yet he
has managed to become the most powerful creature on earth. His power comes from knowledge.

Those who have wide-range of knowledge and experience can capture power and influence. The
possession of knowledge gives them a distinct advantage over the semi-educated people.

Half knowledge is regarded as ‘the curse of God’ and also it is worse than ignorance. He explored
the land, water and space by virtue of his knowledge.
Man has made progress in all fields starting from science, technology to arts etc. Knowledge gave
the man a feeling of strength and power. Knowledge develops human faculties. It leads to the
excellence of the mind. It enables one to give sound judgment.

Education and knowledge are desirable for democracy. We should try to spread the knowledge
base in all fields in the masses. In the Pakistani rural scene, the knowledge levels about family,
school education, problems of woman. child rearing and other social issues are very poor.

Illiteracy and social backwardness combine to put the rural masses at the receiving end. Lack of
knowledge leads to poverty and absence of methods of productivity and economic prosperity.
This vicious cycle continues. Restraint, tolerance, understanding and capacity to manage affairs
come with knowledge. If knowledge is imparted to our rural children, youth, women and men,
they would emerge as the major social power.

There is no end to the gaining of knowledge, It is only the foolish man who thinks he knows
everything. Modern knowledge is very intricate and wide is scope The soldier, the man of the
sword, though he was the master; but he was really in the hands of the priest, the man of the pen.

A Stitch in Time Saves Nine

There is no doubt that a stitch in time saves nine. It means that man must do something at a very
early stage. This proverb in its literal sense applies to holes in our clothes which may be easily
mended at first, but, if they are left unmanned, grow bigger and bigger, until they cannot be
repaired without a great deal of sewing.

What is true of torn clothes is true of boots, boxes, houses, ships, walls, bridges, in a word, of
everything that needs mending, I may quote a striking illustration of the truth of the proverb from
my own observation.

A beautiful pier was built at great expense by Government many years ago on the stormy west
coast of Scotland, to defend the harbour of a fishing village. The great stone of which it was
composed were bound together by clamps of iron, and it looked as if it could defy the utmost fury
of the waves. Nevertheless, in one of the violent storms that visit that iron-bound coast, as little
damage was done to the most exposed part of the structure.

When I first saw the pier there was to be seen in it only a hole of moderate extent, that could have
been repaired without much labour. But somehow the breach was left untended, and naturally
grew bigger year by year until, on the occasion of my last visit to the town, half of the pier had
sunk in ruin under the waves, and it was evident that to repair it would cost as much as the
building of a new pier.

The expediency of the stitch in time is exemplified not only by the destruction of material fabrics,
the rents in which are neglected, but also in medicine, politics, and in intellectual and moral
education. How often has a doctor to tell his patient that, if he had been consulted earlier he might
have affected an easy cure, but that now more drastic remedies must be employed?

A literary man, for instance, suffers from indigestion due to overwork and wasn’t of exercise. A
short holiday in the country might restore him to good health if only he took it in time. But he has
important work to do and is averse to taking any rest before he has finished it. So he goes on
working until the symptoms become so threatening that he finds himself compelled to consult a
doctor. To his surprise, he finds that entire change of diet and absolute idleness for a long period
of time are now needed to cure a disease, the progress of which might have been arrested with
very little trouble at an earlier stage. It is the same with the body politic.
The best politicians see in good time evils which, if allowed to go on unchecked, will swell to
alarming dimensions. Thus the just discontent felt by the people of France on account of the
privileges enjoyed by the clergy and nobles might have been appeased by remedial legislation,
but, as the cure was delayed, the feeling of disaffection went on gathering force, until at last it
could no longer be extinguished and produced the horrors of the French Revolution. That no
revolution has taken place in England for the last two hundred years is due to the fact that English
politicians have been willing to anticipate rebellion by timely reforms. The same is true in our
daily life. If anything is done at a very early stage, much energy can be saved for the same
purpose.

The Fruits of Harbor are Sweeter

than Gifts of Future
My journey started about 6 years back and is still developing to this day. Six years ago I weighed
in at approximately 270 pounds, or that is when I stopped getting on a scale! My outward image
was on a larger scale but in my opinion, not a 270-pound scale. I was an active teenager who
participated in all sports. I loved the sports atmosphere but hated to put in the hard work, so I paid
in many other ways. My weight increased and my performance went down.

After sports, my activity level steadily declined with many excuses in the tail. Jobs, school, and
friends seemed to take precedence over my health and weight. Then the big life-changing
moment came for me, I got married. Married life took a toll on me personally, you get
comfortable as well as my schedule, which was no longer just about me. About a year into my
new life, I was finding myself unhappy at times and even dissatisfied with myself.

I knew this feeling was in relation to my weight gains so I decided to try a new regime which
included some exercise and changed eating habits, or what some calla “diet.” Well like most
people who set out to lose weight with an improper mindset, I slacked off here and there and
eventually dropped the entire workout, eat healthy scenario! It wasn’t until I had my son that it all
made sense to me.

Yes, I needed to be healthy for myself, but I also had someone else depending on me to be
healthy. With this new found motivation, I started walking. That was all I could physically do at
the time, but you have to start somewhere. I progressively added on to my normal walking
routine, and even challenged myself to do the unthinkable, run! I never thought of myself as a
runner, partially because I never wanted to work that hard. With small goals of either weight loss
or the addition of laps ran, I progressively started to see a change.

This routine continued for about a year, in which I took off about 70-75 pounds. This was a great
accomplishment for me personally, but I wanted more for myself physically. With my plateau in
full force, I decided to add in weights to my routine. I even added a variety of aerobics classes to
my workout to give it diversity so that boredom did not set in. I found out through trial and error
that things have to be changed up every now and then or your body stays where it is at and the
results you desire are no longer coming.

With this new found lifestyle, I managed to drop about 100-110 pounds and gain a more positive
outlook on life. With all of the changes that I made to my outer appearance, I made many to my
inner self too. I feel that losing the weight was a stepping stone, a very steep stepping stone,
which allowed me to venture out into a foreign location, the “healthy world” and discover a new
life.
With the weight loss, I was able to do many more physical activities for myself and for my
family. I once considered myself an inner athlete, this being when I was sedentary. I knew in my
heart that I could be active, but did not want to try, due to the fear of failure. I set small but
achievable goals along the years, as well as some that were pretty large. Never thinking of myself
as a runner, I completed 1 full marathon and 2 half marathons along with becoming a certified
aerobics instructor.

Looking back at who I was and who I am now, we are two different people who needed each
other to create the end product. I personally feel that I had to experience the weight gain to
appreciate who I am now and to help drive myself to stay this way. Everyone is different in this
area. Some may never experience weight gains of 100 pounds or more, but whatever the weight
gain may be, that adds to one’s body can be damaging to physical activity and appearance as well
as your health.

My goal with telling my personal weight journey is to show other people that it can be done at
any weight or age if it is something you truly want. I also want to show that it doesn’t matter how
long it takes or the many tries you may encounter along the way, you have to persevere through
the hardships to reach success, just as everyone does with life. Take your own personal journey to
discover and appreciate who you are and who you want to be!

Votes should be Weighted not

Counted
“Votes should be weighed, not counted”, so says the infamous legendary dramatist, Johann
Friedrich

Von Schiller. And two centuries after his death, the words are fuelling the intellectual
nourishment tanks of the ‘powerless’ and ‘humble’ around the globe, invoking them to strive for
better political order and catalyzing their fight towards a political system based on reason,
moderation, intelligence and prudence. And at no other point in the history of human civilization
will these words hold truer than in the present scenario- the century marked by wildfires of
political decadence, lack of political ethics, massive abuse of political power, rampant corruption,
widespread nepotism, political instability, leaving the common citizens i.e. the source of power
and sovereignty, at the receiving end of the cycle of oppression, suppression and exploitation.

The Greeks were the first to introduce the concept of ‘voting, albeit in a rigid and primitive form,
in their ‘democratic’ city-states of Athens and Sparta. But the English liberals walked away with
the credit of conceptualizing the modern voting system. They were the first ones to realize the
importance and significance of achieving people’s consent, via voting, and granting the people
the same for the legitimacy and vitality of the political organism. Nourished by these intellectual
developments, democracy becomes the most ‘fought’ after, talked, valued and cherished political
system during the last four centuries of the First Millennium.

The great American President Abraham Lincoln aptly defined democracy as ‘the government of
the people, by the people for the people’. This definition spells out clearly the supreme power of
the people within the democratic set-up. The people are the source of all power within the
democratic state. From the Magna Carta of 1215 to the granting of Universal Adult Suffrage by
successive democracies (New Zealand having the distinction of being the first Country to grant
Universal Adult Suffrage in 1893), people’s power is everywhere to be seen. Lessons are plenty
where suppression of people’s power led to political systems crumbling and disintegrating (Arab
Spring movements being the recent examples where people’s power triumphed over corrupt
regimes).

Suffrage grants the Pakistani people their due rights to have their say in the administration of the
country denied to them by two centuries of foreign occupation. A vote is their weapon to fight for
their rights and liberties.

For the first time in its history, the Pakistani Citizens are armed with a tool to fight against
governmental abuses, injustice, inefficiency, corruption and the like. It is an instrument which
holds the ‘political class’ accountable to the people. In brief, it acts as a shield in warfare
protecting the people against the abuses of governmental power.

Elections are the cornerstone of any democracy. Here people’s power put a fantastic show
periodically depending on the type of voting system. In the first- past the post voting system
followed in our country, the candidates getting the maximum number of votes (simple majority)
is declared a winner that is to say that the number of votes polled matters.

Here the question of weighing the votes polled in the elections come into the debate. The question
of weighing the votes could be deliberated from two angles. Firstly, in the horizontal plane
weighing one’s own votes. And secondly, vertically, weighing the value of one’s votes in
comparison to the other’s votes. Now how do we weigh our own votes i.e. for whom to vote and
why?

In developing countries like ours where the level of political education regarding the values and
principles of liberal democracy is at the embryonic stage, the question of weighing one’s vote
from democratic spectacles hardly come into the scheme of things. If present, these
considerations get eclipsed by other elements.

The sixty years of parliamentary democracy practices provide ample scope to study the question
of electoral behaviour in the country. Casteism, communalism, criminalization of politics, mafia
power and money power dictate the realm of Pakistani electoral system. As a result of it, the
development of political democracy in the country suffers a huge blow. Political democracy gets
murdered and voting becomes an instrument to further selfish goals and interests.

The welfare of the community, state and the nation become secondary to selfish-individualism.
National integration gets replaced by ‘parasitic’ regionalism, secularism by dirty communal
politics, development of the minority by minority vote bank politics, welfare state by corruption,
community interests by selfish-individualism and nepotism and political democracy gets
hammered by political corporatism. Our temples of democracy- the legislatures, become an
opportunity for individuals to further their ends.

As a result, people’s power gets crucified and democracy (voting) gets transformed into a
sacrificial lamb. Having said so, how we do weigh our votes as having more value than the other?
What are the criteria for weighing one’s vote? It is a standard limitation of democracy that despite
the magnitude of someone’s opinion or effect on their lives, their vote is equal to any other. We
could never agree whose vote should carry more weight.

Disclaimer aside, it is still pretty absurd. “Weighed” by whom? Who gets to decide that your vote
is better than my vote? Once you’ve decided on that person, why waste your time on the vote in
the first place? Voting is itself a highly dubious proposition. The majority of the people engaging
in it don’t know what they’re talking about. Even the ones whom experts would say have the
correct opinion often hold it for incorrect reasons.
Plato was rightly sceptical of democracy, which he believed would lead to bread and circuses,
and in my opinion that’s the fate befalling the world right now. But as bad as it is, I don’t know a
better system. Democracy has thin merit, the fact that the votes of non- experts often cancel each
other out, yielding a victory for minorities who are correct. Truth has an advantage that falsehood
doesn’t, even if most people can’t tell the difference.

Our state election is going to take place in the next few years. Unfortunately, we are disappointed
by both politicians and citizens. The first is supposed to be smart, well-educated and capable of
managing a country (add willingness on top). The second is supposed to have a moral and social
conscience (Education) in order to choose the right candidates. The majority of the people prefer
a reassuring lie over an inconvenient truth.

Rest assured, voting is still handy not only for the health of our political organism but more for
the empowerment and development of the state. Our voting instincts should be weighed on
consideration of community interests, inclusive development, and responsive, accountable and
ethical governance.

Citizens must remember that they are voting not only for themselves but for the community as a
whole. We are voting to shape our society, polity, economy, and for the future of our children.
We should ask ourselves what kind of legacy do we want to leave behind? Intelligence and
rationality should take its due place.

The change should come from the people not to the people. If we do not, then we needn’t really
concern ourselves with the suffering we willingly inflict on ourselves. A rational populace in the
Arab Countries (the Arab Spring) stormed their regime and toppled decades’ rule of their corrupt
leaders a few years ago. Should not we learn from them? Should not these historic movements for
the empowerment of the people inspire us? Should we choose to let things happen and let our
future being lost one day? We have been taken for a ride for far too long. It’s high time the people
weigh their precious and powerful votes.

Your votes, my votes must be a revolutionary force in next elections. Break the shackles and tear
down the walls. The ‘political class’ must also remind themselves of the events of the past few
years in the Gulf region where youth bulge coupled with lack of civil liberties,
underdevelopment, poverty, human rights abuses and corrupt administration exploded and the
rest is history. And Meghalaya with over 40% educated youth population cannot afford to turn a
deaf ear to their (people) voices. Ignoring it would be suicidal or so should it be. To repeat a verse
of Tunisia’s National Anthem – ‘when the people want a better life, destiny has to bow and – If
one day, a people desires to live, then fate will answer their call’.

My Idea of a Happy Life

Happiness, I believe, totally depends upon what a person has. If a person has. If a person does not
have wealth, he would think that happiness lies in possessing wealth. Another would find
happiness in prayer and meditation and still others in travelling or in gossiping. It is wrong to
think that one can get happiness by labouring for it. It comes as naturally and as refreshingly as
the morning air.

I think one can get happiness by enjoying the work at hand. If a person keeps himself mentally
busy and remains contented, he can remain happy. Our high hopes and soaring ambitions often
make up unhappy. If a person thinks that every moment is to be enjoyed like every drop of dew
left in a bud, he will definitely be happy.
This type of satisfaction excludes envy and jealousy. One should never think ill of the happiness,
others, rather one should never think of remaining complacent with what one should have. The
habit of comparing and contrasting and the desire to become what others are often left, sorrowful
heart.

If a person can enjoy peace of mind, he gets the happiest life. If we are hankering after the
worldly things and desires we remain unhappy. We should do our duty without thinking about the
result. Duty, which God wishes us to perform, should be our aim. Such people will be neither
overjoyed by success nor frustrated by defeat.

One can enjoy while watching the birds or kicking his heels upon the ground. One can be happy
in catching the butterflies or looking vacantly at the starry sky. In fact, one should find every
moment quite absorbing and should always think that every moment is the most important one.
He should take as much interest at that moment as is possible.

Happiness is a state of mind and not a possession. It is a product of imagination and not of labour.
It is to be enjoyed through spirit and not through senses. It can be felt and not seen.

Similarly, life should not bed the ultimate aim of living. This is preparation for the next life. Such
an attitude makes us indifferent to the death of our near and dear ones.

Though this attitude needs great control over our emotions, yet this can afford us happiness.

Happiness cannot be monopolised by saints. It cannot be the exclusive right of wealthy people. It
is not meant only for a child.

Happiness can be enjoyed by a common man. It is around us; we are to discover it. So a man
should tune himself up for it and he will get it.

Effective Teacher’s Respond to the

Needs of Students – Discuss
Effective teachers strive to motivate and engage all their students in learning rather than simply
accepting that some students cannot be engaged and are destined to do poorly.

They believe every student is capable of achieving success at school and they do all they can to
find ways of making each student successful. Effective teachers have high expectations of
students in terms of both their standard of learning and their behaviour, and they help their
students meet those expectations. They also have high expectations of themselves and their own
learning.

Effective teachers personalise learning for their students. They understand that students develop
at different rates and that in every classroom there will be a range of student abilities and
aptitudes. They accommodate the different needs of students in their class rather than pitch their
teaching to the middle, letting some students be bored while others struggle or are unable to do
the work.

Effective teachers use techniques that have each student working on tasks that engage and
challenge them to achieve their personal best. They understand that students learn best when they
are presented with new material in a way that enables them to connect it to what they already
understand and know how to do. Effective teachers also understand that students learn best if
their particular culture, background and abilities are acknowledged by the teacher in the way they
teach.

Effective teachers use techniques that best serve the learning needs of their students. There are
many things that students can learn themselves through discovery, with the teacher structuring the
learning to suit. There also are many things that require the teacher to teach in a more direct way.
Students not only learn by being exposed to learning opportunities but they also need to be
explicitly taught those things it is important for all students to know.

Some students will learn these things quickly and with only minimal direct teaching. Other
students will need concerted direct teaching and correction by the teacher before they master the
learning required. Effective teachers help students learn on their own as well as with and from
others. They know that students learn best if they are provided with opportunities to learn not
only from the teacher but also from other students and from sources outside the school that are
now more readily accessible through various forms of technology.

Effective teachers teach in a way that encourages students to take greater responsibility for their
own learning. They make sure their students know what the goals of the learning program are;
understand how these goals will be assessed; know whether they are on track to achieve success,
and are actively involved in evaluating their own learning.

Effective teachers have a thorough knowledge of their subject content and skills. Through this,
they inspire in their students a love of learning. They also understand how students best learn
concepts, content and skills. Effective teachers use their knowledge of learning processes to
determine which will be most effective to help the particular students in their classes learn
successfully.

Effective teachers provide a safe and orderly environment, both physically and emotionally, so
students can achieve their potential. They know students learn best if they are in a classroom
where they feel safe and confi dent to attempt new tasks even if at first they are unsure about how
to tackle them

Effective teachers closely monitor each student’s achievements. This enables them to provide
every one of their students with regular feedback on their performance and gives them valuable
information to assess the impact of their teaching.

Effective teachers are in the habit of constantly reflecting on how well they are getting through to
their students and searching for better ways of teaching those who are not responding as well as
extending those who are achieving well. Effective teachers understand the standards their
students are expected to achieve and use a range of assessment methods to determine the extent to
which those standards are being met and to plan the next steps.

Effective teachers develop productive relationships with their students – they get to know them
and take a particular interest in their overall development and progress. They treat their students
with respect and expect the same in return. Effective teachers work collaboratively to benefit
student learning.

Travelling in itself is an Education

Travelling has been universally recognized to have great educational values. In Western advanced
societies, education is considered incomplete without travelling. It has been a delightful
experience of mankind from time immemorial. Going place to place and meeting various people
have been enjoying for people.
Today, travelling has become all the more enjoying and comfortable. We have fast-moving trains,
deluxe buses, metro-railways, luxury steamers, ships, aeroplanes and many other means of
travelling. It does not take too much time in travelling a long distance.

We do not have to suffer the severity of weather due to advanced means of transport
communication. Travelling is a powerful aid to education. It provides an experience of the world.
By travelling we come in to connect people of different caste, colour, creed and community to get
familiarity with their tradition, culture, customs, has costumes and their style of living. This helps
in better understanding. It sharpens our intellect and broadens us our outlook.

Travelling offers us the first-hand knowledge of things we shed off all our prejudices. It develops
our personality and communication skills. Mere bookish knowledge to the development of all-
around personality. It gives theoretical knowledge. We get only the sketchy picture of which is
not complete. By travelling we see people, places with our own eyes. The visual impression is
this impression. It remains in our mind for a long time.

Objects like history, geography and social sciences can better through travelling, it provides us
with first-hand knowledge about these things. Geography appears to be a dull and uninteresting
subject if it is taught in the classroom. But when the Merits are taken to a trip to the Himalayan
regions or Gangetic plans the learning becomes interesting. Travelling turns this boring subject
into a lively and absorbing one.

However, qualified a person may be, if he not undertaken travelling, his understanding is limited
and the outlook remains narrow. He is less accommodating in his comparison to those who have
widely travelled. Ivey is liberal in its outlook. They have a maturity of judgment.

Travelling promotes international understand and relations. It creates goodwill. It brings people
closer. Increments our relations with various states and countries. The seeds of natural integration
and international happy in the present day, the world the understanding between various nations
of the world are a great necessity. There can be no peace without international understanding. So,
it should be made an integral part of our curricula.

Information is Power
The futurist, Alvin Toffler— best known for his book Future Shock — wrote a book in 1990
entitled “Powershift — Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the edge of the 21st Century“. In that
book, Toffler described three types of power: Force (physical power), Wealth (economic power)
and Knowledge (the power of information) Or, as his chapter 2 title says: Muscle, Money and
Mind!

Most of us learn about force very early. Whether it’s from parental punishment, bullying, or
watching Hollywood movies, we all come to understand that violence, or the threat of violence, is
powerful. Criminals use it. Gangs use it. Terrorists use it. Good guys use it when they have no
other choice. Society strongly discourages us from using it. The power of force predates
civilization, and its unsanctioned use is considered to be uncivilized.

The invention of money, as a flexible means of facilitating trade, provided a new type of power
— one that could be even more powerful and flexible than force, because it could be used to by
force. And, unlike force, it could be used both as a carrot and as a stick. With wealth, you can
induce people to do things willingly, rather than “force” them.
 While force is rather individualized, wealth is something that can be accumulated. With enough
money, you can buy an army. Or just buy what you want. Or buy out whoever has what you want
if they won’t let you have it. Wealth usually trumps force, when it comes to power conflicts.

Toffler observed that throughout most of history, the power of force reigned supreme. The
industrial revolution, though, was a transformative period in more ways than just technology. It
also caused a shift from the force as the primary type of power in society to wealth as the new
and preferred means to exert power. Use of force became regulated by law.

Following World War II, and with the rapid development of communications and computers,
Toffler believes another shift began — from wealth as the primary power to information as the
new power of choice. Wealth transformed from being predominantly land-based to becoming
more generalized as “capital”, held by individuals and companies. The new Information Age
quickly reveal the versatility of knowledge.

Information, as power, has some unique qualities.

 Unlike wealth, which was originally based on land ownership and is still based on ownership
of finite resources, the pool of potential knowledge in the world is virtually inexhaustible.
 Information is valuable for trade when you have it and someone else wants it. But, if that
information becomes known to others — if you lose exclusive control of it — then it
becomes nearly worthless to you for trade. However, it still remains useful to you for other
things.
 Information, unlike goods, cost nothing to move around.
 Information can be shared, and then used over and over again, without exhaustion. It is
effectively an infinite resource.
 Information may become valueless as a result of some new information that supersedes or
invalidates it. That doesn’t happen with money — except in cases of total economic collapse.
Those are just a few ways of information, as a source of power, is unique and different from the
other types of power. With the right information, you can overcome someone else’s wealth, or
their ability to use force.

Information truly is power. And as Toffler predicted in 1990, it has become the predominant
source of power in society today.

Teachers Lay Foundation of a

Nation
Teachers play a significant and crucial role in a nation’s progress and prosperity. They dispel the
darkness of ignorance and bring about enlightenment, erudition, and health revolution. Teachers
build the base of any nation; he is the one who trains, guides, and transforms an immature mind
into maturity. They install bravery and courage in their students and prepare them for the
challenges that life would throw at them.

It is undoubtedly true that if there are sincere, dedicated, and determined teachers in any nation,
then the nation is very well set on its way to triumph and progress. By providing a capable,
industrious, and self-reliant youth, teachers can take a nation to great heights. And for these very
reasons, teaching is considered a noble and sacred profession.

Unfortunately, teachers nowadays have forsaken to perform their noble job, and instead of
delivering with sincerity and dedication, they are pursuing to proliferate their earning through
different resources. It is worth mentioning that in our society we can still find numerous teachers
and scholars with a noble soul, who are putting their best efforts with selfless dedication to
spreading the real essence and spirit of education, but unfortunately, many improvident and
imprudent one have hijacked the ideology and philosophy of education. These teachers have
nothing to do with actual education, and they are only interested in pushing their own agenda.

It is high time for the government to realise the gravity of this situation. The hiring criteria for
teachers need urgent reform. The government must evaluate the selection process and make the
entire system transparent and in line with international standards.

Teachers should also be provided with adequate incentives, so they put their efforts towards
providing quality education. Teachers should also realise they are employed in a noble
profession, and all the government’s efforts will go down the drain if the teachers themselves are
not interested in investing dedication and devotion in their work.

Importance of Mother Tongue in

Schooling
With increased migration and the growing popularity of international schools, the number of
children learning in a language other than their mother tongue is growing rapidly. Research
indicates that having a strong mother tongue foundation leads to a much better understanding of
the curriculum as well as a more positive attitude towards school, so it’s vital that children
maintain their first language when they begin schooling in a different language.

When children develop their mother tongue, they are simultaneously fostering a whole host of
other essential skills, such as critical thinking and literacy skills. It is these skills that they take
with them into formal education, and research tells us that any skills and concepts gained in the
learner’s home language don’t have to be re-taught when they transfer to a second language. For
example, if a child has developed the ability to guess the meaning of a word through its context,
or to infer meaning by reading between the lines, these skills are easily transferred when they
begin studying in a second language. It is much harder, however, to teach these abstract skills
directly through a second language.

It’s also well known that a strong mother tongue foundation equips children with the skills they
need to learn additional languages, allowing them to transfer their understanding of the structure
of language to several new languages. The intuitive understanding of grammar that develops
when children learn their first language can easily be passed on to other languages.

With multilingualism becoming an increasingly sought-after attribute within the workplace, this
advantage cannot be overstated; globalisation and increased co-operation between nations mean
that, in many organisations, it has become a requirement to have language skills in addition to
being a specialist within a particular field.

Language and mother tongue also play a huge role in the development of personal, social and
cultural identity. Children with a strong foundation in their first language often display a deeper
understanding of themselves and their place within society, along with an increased sense of
wellbeing and confidence. Naturally, this flows down into every aspect of their lives, including
their academic achievement.

This is, of course, one of the reasons why bilingual education systems are growing in popularity
around the world and many international schools are focusing their resources on establishing
strong mother tongue programmes. Parent workshops outlining the importance of the mother
tongue are becoming increasingly popular, because many parents mistakenly believe that they
should only speak to their children in the school’s language of instruction, often contributing to
children not gaining complete fluency in either their first or second language.

In Cambodia, for example, our EAL (English as an Additional Language) specialists regularly
invited parents into school for evening workshops. They outlined research showing how children
learn languages, discussed the school’s teaching methodology for language learning, and, most
importantly, explained the importance of a strong mother tongue foundation and the vital role that
parents play in developing and maintaining this.

Carolyn Savage: ‘A strong mother tongue foundation equips children with the skills they need to
learn additional languages.’

When I taught in Bratislava, we encouraged children to bring in books written in their home
language(s) and to share these with the class. Sometimes, children chose to read small extracts
out loud, allowing them to demonstrate more developed reading skills, whilst simultaneously
building pride in their own culture and developing respect for all cultures within the school. This
was just one small part of the jigsaw that made up our in-depth mother tongue programme.

As Irina Bokova, UNESCO Director-General said, “Mother languages in a multilingual approach

are essential components of quality education, which is itself the foundation for empowering
women and men and their societies.”

Unemployment in Pakistan /
Unemployment Among the Educated
Youth; Its Causes and Cure
The chronic unemployment crisis is one of the gravest challenges Pakistan has been facing since
long and which, unfortunately, still continues to haunt us. In Pakistan, even a person who has the
ability and willingness to work is unable to get a proper job opportunity.

In the current situation, more than three million people are unemployed in Pakistan and the
unemployment ratio is more than 12:1. One out of every 10 people of the country’s population
has been added to the pool of the unemployed, as the unemployment rate further increased to
6.5%, showing signs of a crisis-plagued and slowing economy.

Unemployment is one of the major issues Pakistan has been dealing with since its inception. In
Pakistan, unemployment is very high because the available resources are being wasted due to the
negligence of authorities and citizens. This has led to a substantial decrease in people’s incomes
and a drop in their standard of living.

This is the crisis that can be termed as the root cause of many other serious challenges we are
coping with today. Thousands of graduates, master’s degree holders, engineers, in short, people
of almost every profession being wasted due to unstable employment system in Pakistan.

Not only educated people but the labour class, too, is perpetually going through a rough phase. In
1999, about 2.4 million individuals belonging to the blue-collar working class were unemployed.

The causes of unemployment in Pakistan are endless and countless yet some of them are as
follows:
Population size, growth rate, and its composition play an important role in the social and
economic development of a country. The higher growth rate of population is the major cause of
unemployment in Pakistan and a formidable hindrance to achieving the goal of economic
development. Pakistan is among those developing countries where the population growth rate is
very high.

At present, it is the sixth most populous country in the world with a projected population of
nearly 188 million. According to the World Population Data Sheet 2013, Pakistan with a
population of 363 million in 2050 is expected to retain the same position (i.e. sixth position). The
population growth rate in Pakistan is 1.95 per cent which is higher than the average growth rate
of South Asian countries. This uncontrolled growth of population has left millions of Pakistanis
deprived of ample opportunities to earn a respectable livelihood.

There are plenty of factors responsible for the fast-growing population including early marriages,
illiteracy, desire for sons, lack of awareness etc. As we all know that the education system of
Pakistan is not up to the mark; therefore, increasing population means bringing more uneducated
persons into the field of labour. Government or any other company cannot provide jobs or
workplaces to this huge number of uneducated people.

Education is a social instrument through which a man can guide his destiny and shape his future.
A knowledge society can be build by making the education process more effective which, in turn,
provides foundations for the socioeconomic development of the country. Hence, the role of
education has become centric in order to develop a knowledge economy since literate and skilled
citizens play a pivotal role in the development/prosperity of the country. But, unfortunately, the
education system in Pakistan has been really poor.

No government has taken extraordinary steps to better the education system. It is usually seen
that many a talented student left the study due to injustice and wretchedness of the system.
Numerous technical educational colleges and vocational training institutions are functioning but
most of them are only selling the degrees because the education that is being imparted to the
students of these institutions has no market value.

Unrest in Pakistan and the worsening law and order situation has compelled the business
community to either close their businesses or to shift their capital to other countries. It is because
of rampant violence and terrorism that no foreign investor is interested in investing his money in
such a country where his life is not secure; let alone his business and property.

This becomes another major cause of rising unemployment because it creates a lack of jobs in the
country. For instance, Karachi is the biggest industrial city and the commercial hub of Pakistan,
but investors are reluctant to invest there because of unrest and violence. Extortionists and killers
go scot free. In such circumstances why an investor would dare to risk his life as well as money?
If we really want to reduce the unemployment rate in Pakistan, then the very first step should be
to restore law and order in the country.

Could you believe that a country which possesses abounding natural resources and is a nuclear
power lack energy? Pakistan is the country that has been haunted by the acute energy crisis since
long. There are many sources of energy production in Pakistan but due to lack of proper planning
and directed efforts, the country plunges into darkness for the most part of a 24-hour day.

The government is unable to provide electricity to residential as well as industrial areas in

Pakistan. When electricity and gas are not available to run the factories, petrol is not amply
available to run the transport, then how on earth factories could generate employment
opportunities? Therefore, owners of these factories and industries are shifting their business to
 other Asian countries like Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. As of this result, a huge number of
labourers are falling prey to the monster of unemployment.

The age of retirement for government employees in Pakistan is quite high. Numerous highly-
educated and talented people enter the job market every year but they do not get opportunities to
be on job. Government servants who reach the superannuation age are then reappointed by the
government. In this way, millions of people are wondering but no one is ready to employ them.
This further aggravates the problem of unemployment in Pakistan.

Agriculture is going through the process of mechanization whereby machines are replacing
humans which, in turn, increases unemployment ratio. People rendered jobless in this way then
turn to cities in search of a source of earning a livelihood. This migration from villages to cities
also increases unemployment and many other social ills.

Following recommendations can help in reducing the problem:

1. The first thing to reduce unemployment in Pakistan is to introduce revolutionary changes in

the country’s educations system. The prevalent system is producing only the people who are
not highly skilled as per the requirements of the job market.
2. An organized and well – thought – out syllabus should be introduced in technical training and
vocational institutions. More and more institutions should be established to produce skilled
technical workers for our industries.
3. The age of retirement should be reduced to a maximum of 55 years. In addition, the culture of
ad hoc appointments and extensions in tenure or in the contract should also be eliminated.
4. Solving the energy crisis must be the top priority of the government. It is the only panacea if
we want to attract foreign investment in the country. If foreign investors come to Pakistan,
then job opportunities to our youth will be easily available.
5. There should be peace across the country so foreigners may not hesitate from investing in
Pakistan.
6. The agriculture sector should be developed.
7. Jobs should be given purely on merit.
8. Robust policies must be introduced to control the growing population. Family planning
centres can be an effective tool in this regard.
9. Economic Revival package must be announced by the government in order to make sure the
industrial sector is revived and more investment and production is carried out in Pakistan.

Women Place in Our Society

“Lucky is the woman, whose first child is a daughter”. ( Prophet Muhammad (S.A. W))

Women never enjoyed the status and respect that they enjoy today. They are playing their due
role in all walks of life. Men have only gradually acknowledged their contribution to society. The
concept of a male-dominant society is on the decline now. Women have proved that they are
inferior to none.

Women had no respectable place in society before Islam came to their rescue. They were ill-
treated and had no rights to education, economic independence and inheritance. They were
considered the product of the devil. The new-born girls were buried alive. They were also burn
alive with their dead husbands. Islam gave women respect and basic human rights.

“If a woman has to choose between catching a fly ball and saving an infant’s life, she will choose
to save the infant’s life without even considering if there are men on base.” (Dave Barry) Women
are playing their role today in different capacities. They enjoy better status now as a daughter,
sister, wife and mother. They have social, financial and matrimonial independence. They are no
more confined to the four walls of their houses. They now fully participate in the social, political
and economic development of the country.

The main responsibility of a woman is to preserve the human race. For this, she has to bear many
hardships. She gives birth to children, feeds them and helps them to grow up. It is quite true that
great men have great mothers. The progress of a nation depends upon the way mothers bring up
their children. If the women are educated the society is bound to progress and prosper.

Women are the largest untapped reservoir of talent in the World. (Hillary Clinton) Women have
always played an important role in the development of a nation. In the early days of Islam,
women worked side by side with men. The history of the Muslims is full of the names of women
who were eminent scholars, poets and Sufis. They are also entitled to freedom of expression and
to put forward their opinions on public, legislative and religious matters. In the battlefield, they
nursed the injured, kept up the supplies and in certain cases, even fought bravely.

Some women may like to choose some profession as a career and earn for themselves. There are
certain jobs which women can do more easily and more efficiently than men. They can be very
useful and successful teachers, doctors and nurses. By nature, they are polite and sympathetic and
can do well in teaching and medical professions. Women are the real architects of society.

Being a Muslim, the main duty of a woman is to perform her duties as a good wife, good sister,
good daughter and good mother. She should look after the home and manage family matters
using her ability. She must understand her duties as a wife or mother. If she does not do so,
society will be collapsed.

Islam and the constitution of Pakistan have conferred upon women an enviable place. Women
should not misunderstand and misuse the rights which are given to them. They should play their
role wisely in the progress and prosperity of the country being a good citizen as well. They
should remain peaceful with themselves and with the forces of nature around them.

Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. It is an issue that
troubles us economically, physically and every day of our lives. The contamination of the
environment is also being linked to some of the diseases that are around currently.

Yet, most people do not know about this problem. This shows that environmental pollution is
becoming an increasingly worse problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible, not
only for the good of the environment but also for the people that live in it.

Many factors are present for why environmental pollution has become such a large issue in the
world. However, if the people of the world were to address the issue it would definitely help both
the environment and its people.

There are many activities that can be done by both the common citizen to the governments of the
world, which could severally improve the world’s environmental problem. On the other hand, if
the current way the world’s environmental problem is being handled continues, catastrophic
consequences can follow for the future population.

Over the years, environmental pollution has become more of a problem for a number of reasons.
Due to the great increase in the world’s population, which is at 6.1 billion, energy use, and the
number of vehicles on roads make air pollution a greater threat than ever.
Because of this, “air pollution kills eight thousand people a year due to respiratory-related
problems. “Also, 40% of the world’s deaths are being attributed to environmental factors. With
such a number of people dying a year due to air pollution, one can see how much environmental
pollution is affecting us.

This dilemma is only made worse due to the current means of disposing of nuclear waste. “Until
1993, Russia would resort to the dumping of its high and low-level radioactive waste by dumping
it into the Arctic seas and any other low-level waste into the Seas of Japan z(Nitze).

“Radiation from nuclear waste is known to cause a series of reactions in body tissue that results in
damage to the bodies cells z (Daley). This can cause diseases, such as cancer, injury, or death.
The effects on the human body make the situation even worse for the people of the world. But, an
even more common threat is the use of incinerators and landfills, for the reducing and disposal of
waste.

Using incinerators to reduce the volume of trash not only causes air pollution but also produces
toxic ash that must be disposed of in specially made landfills. Landfills themselves can pollute
groundwater after heavy rain, which would then be drunk by the surrounding population.

Corruption in Our Country

Corruption is one of most chronic issues all over the world especially in the third world countries
like Pakistan where it has routed down in government institutions enough that cannot be
eliminated easily following the stakes of powerful bureaucrats and corrupt politicians.

Corruption has spoiled Pakistan completely and is resulting in an increase in poverty,

unemployment, hunger and is tarnished the image of the country by bringing immense miseries to
its people. Corruption has been deep-rooted in all levels either private or government from top to
bottom and anti-corruption institutions have unfavourably failed to address this or even reduce
the ongoing dishonesty and frauds. There are many top politicians who have been reportedly
involved in this misconduct that are concerned with their stakes only without thinking about the
public.

We can find two vast concerns or issues in present Pakistan that are expanding like
epidemics(corruption and terrorism) which have reinforced their germs in every cell of our
society.

There are numerous indirect corruption charges from social media and electronic media present
but no ruling authority is ready to investigate the corrupt persons for these illegal and dishonest
concerns like illegal Sui-Gas and electricity supply, illegal possession of the land and so on.
Murder of merit and Justice, political nepotism and selling of government jobs by ‘corrupt ruling
politicians’, hundreds of thousands of skilled and educated youth are deprived of deserving jobs.

It is the responsibility of every individual to work jointly with the government institutions to
make Pakistan a corruption-free country. Corruption will not prevail in society until deserving
peoples are given their rights. And this isn’t the Pakistan which our forebearers dreamt for.

A Moonlight Walk
Moon is an integral part of our universe. It is one of the beautiful heavenly bodies. It adds beauty
and splendour to the darkness of night. The light of the moon has a soothing effect.
Walking in a moonlit night has its charm and beauty. It is a refreshing experience. It relieves you
of all your tension and gives pleasure. Strolling in a moonlit night particularly during the summer
add to the delight and pleasure.

Walking in a moonlit night not only delights our heart and relaxes our mood but also removes the
boredom and weariness caused by the hectic schedule of the whole day. The atmosphere during
the moonlit night is surcharged with calmness and quietness, particularly in the countryside
which is away from the clamour and noise of the city.

The plants and trees and whole atmosphere bathed in the cool light of the moon present an
enchanting sight. Walking in such an atmosphere really fills with joy. It elevates our spirit. It
invigorates us for better thinking and ideas. We are filled with renewed energy and strength to
carry on our next day task. It is indeed a thrilling and relieving experience.

The entire nature robbed in a silvery shining light is so enchanting that we don’t like to go inside
the house. It is so enjoying that we like to continue it for more and more time. Everything appears
to be cheerful and mouthful. The sweet fragrance emitting flower, the dancing of petals in the
moonlit night is the soothing and cool wind and the trees whispering really render an absorbing
sight.

The sight in the remote countryside is all the more enjoying where there is an expanse of green
fields, flowers and fruits laden trees clothed in shining of moonlight serve as stress-buster. Poets
have composed verses on the beauty of the moonlit night. It has a pet scene for the lover of arts
including literature, artist, painter, etc.

Whether walking, singing, playing, dancing or doing anything in a moonlit night has its own
distinct experience. Indeed a moonlit night is a feast to our eyes.

Journalism as a Profession
The career of a journalist is very interesting and full of vast opportunities and scope. It is gaining
much importance and prestige in modern society.

With the manifold increase in the circulation of newspapers and magazines as well as the start of
newspapers and journals, there is a great scope for the young men and women who want to join
this profession.

There are hundreds of openings each year for the new entrants. The increase in the circulation of
newspapers has created the need for the addition of more staff, both for the large and the smaller
newspapers.

The proliferation of magazines and periodicals has also led to the proliferation of jobs in the field
of journalism. There is no doubt that an ambitious man or woman possessing the necessary
qualifications can find a suitable opening in the newspaper media.

The career of a journalist demands a wide range of qualities and skills. There is no doubt that this
career is highly rewarding, but a journalist has to work very hard for this. He has to know
something about everything.

The person who wants to reach the top has to master the techniques of journalism and go through
the mill. He should also possess a flair for writing, sound judgement, personal integrity, earning
for facts and expert knowledge of all branches of journalism.
The persons, who work for newspapers, come from many backgrounds and are of many
temperaments. Those in the editorial departments need a strong sense of curiosity about their
fellow-beings and sympathy for them.

The other qualifications include a good command of the language in which the paper is printed,
an interest in politics and the government, a desire to know why things happen, high respect for
accuracy and an aptitude for personal communication with other people in order to obtain news
from them. A reporter must be both a willing listener and an alert poser of questions.

Nowadays newspapers generally seek employees for all editorial and journalistic jobs, who have
had at least some college education.

Many editors insist upon a graduation degree as the minimum educational requirement for all
reporters they hire. The diploma in journalism is desirable but is not absolutely essential.

Nevertheless, an applicant who is well trained in liberal arts, with emphasis on the language of
the newspaper and political science, is welcome in most newspapers.

Some of those who join this career can also specialise in a particular branch of journalism like
news reporting, editorial work, photography, feature writing, sports reporting, writing for TV and
Radio, criticism, magazine writing etc.

Reporting and desk-work are two main divisions of newsroom work. Reporting includes
gathering and writing news and feature stories.

Desk-work includes the preparation for printing of the writing material and photographs
submitted by the reporters, photographers and the news agencies.

The persons who do the desk-work are called the editors. Some men and women find their
greatest satisfaction in being reporters all their lives probing for information, being close to the
event as they happen and mingling with the people who make the news.

Few laymen have any concept of the inside workers of newspapers who really put the paper
together. In fact, even the desk experience is quite necessary for top jobs. Similarly, few desk
men are successful unless they have had a thorough grounding in reporting. Only in this way they
can know the problems a reporter faces on a story and can give him useful suggestions.

A beginner can start city hall beat reporter for the small daily, he may also start as the telegraph
editor handling the news wire and writing headlines. If he chooses the reporting path and sticks to
reporting, then he may graduate eventually to a metropolitan reporting staff.

If he selects the editing path, he may advance to a large paper copy desk. Or, in either capacity,
he may remain with the small daily and soon rise to the editorial management status.

Some persons prefer to become specialists and do their reporting in one specific field. The
women’s page of a modern daily offers many opportunities for stimulating writing; the sports
page has also been a great attraction for young reporters. Business news is also a speciality of
many papers. Some big papers also offer opportunities to critical reviewers of film, television, the
drama and books.

There are also many opportunities to specialise in one of the broader general news areas; politics,
science, labour, religion, urban problems, social work, and public help.
Although news reporting is the most glamorous and best-publicised part of newspapers work,
there are many other opportunities available for young men and women on the editorial page,
advertising and sales, copy-writing, circulation, photograph, promotion, public relations etc. in a
newspaper.

Many young men and women join certain small newspapers or magazines even to do the
subordinate or secretarial work.

After obtaining a foothold in the newspaper work they rise up to high posts due to their merits
and qualifications, because after working in the offices of these newspapers and magazines they
acquire a lot of practical experience in the field of journalism.

Some persons, while working in subordinate positions, increase their educational and professional
qualifications by attending part-time evening courses or through correspondence courses.

Although academic or professional education is not an essential requirement for a successful

career in journalism yet some academic qualification is desirable as a minimum so that a person
can write correctly and fluently.

Possession of a university degree may be quite advisable for those who want to achieve rapid
progress in the field of journalism or who want to reach the top jobs. Some newspapers also
demand a minimum qualification of Bachelor degree or its equivalent for the new entrants.

A young man or woman who possesses the minimum educational qualification and the aptitude
for journalistic work should apply to some newspaper or magazine office. If a person has already
done some writing work, it will be considered as an additional qualification.

There is no doubt that a brilliant person possessing a good educational qualification and an
aptitude for writing work, will not find much difficulty in securing a position or job in some
newspaper or magazine office. Some newspapers may also offer the post of trainee or a junior
reporter in the beginning for six months or one year. If a person wants to join this profession, he
may accept even this offer.

To start with the salary offered may not be very high, but as a person gathers experience and
proficiency in writing, he will be able to obtain rapid promotions and a good salary due to his
ability and efficiency.

Social Service in Modern Society

In a world filled with injustices and incredibly complex, pressing challenges, we need people who
are committed to making a difference in the lives of people within their communities more than
ever before, and that’s precisely where social workers come in.

Through their commitment to bringing about positive social change, helping individuals of all
ages thrive in their local environment and being an advocate for those who have lost their voice,
social workers play a prominent role in improving the lives of those who need it most.

Though they work with both children and adults in vulnerable or disadvantaged populations, the
benefits of a social worker’s service are especially evident in children. Without the help of a
passionate social worker, countless children would have gone without the support and guidance
they needed in order to lead the healthy, fulfilling life they deserve.

Social workers are critical members of society who work diligently to relieve suffering and better
the lives of any and all people in need. Behind every person or family going through a difficult
challenge in life – whether it’s poverty, addiction, abuse, unemployment, disability, mental
illness, discrimination or anything else – is a social worker waiting to help.

But just because they’re standing by and ready to help doesn’t mean they’re going to do all the
legwork themselves. Instead, social workers work closely with their clients to help them discover
new and innovative ways to resolve or cope with the challenges they face in life, thereby giving
them the knowledge, skills and empowerment they need in order to improve their circumstances
and overall life.

In order to serve as a professional social worker, one must first obtain a bachelor’s, master’s or
doctoral degree in social work or social service and undergo the required number of supervised
fieldwork hours. Social workers have the ability to work with all types of people in virtually all
realms of society, including Schools, Mental Health Clinics, Hospitals, Private Practices, Prisons,
Military, Corporations, Public Agencies, Private Agencies, And Virtually Anywhere Else There
Are People in Need

If you’re passionate about helping others, you’d like to play a role in forming a fairer and juster
society and you’re ready to be a voice for those who are vulnerable and/or disadvantaged, social
work may be the perfect career field for you.

The Advantages of Modern

Technology
Today, technology is very important because it is used for almost everything and like everything,
technology has advantages and disadvantages.

In the world today, people cannot live without technologies such as televisions, mobile phones,
computers and others.

These technologies have slowly taken an essential part in people’s day-to-day lives and being
without them would be unimaginable for some of us.

To understand technology, one must know what it provides in terms of advantages, but also
disadvantages.

First, the evolution of technology is beneficial to humans for several reasons. At the medical
level, technology can help treat more sick people and consequently save many lives and combat
very harmful viruses and bacteria.

The invention of the computer was a very important point. Communication is thus enhanced, and
companies can communicate more easily with foreign countries. Research is also simplified.

For companies, progress in implementing strategic technology trends is helping them save time
and therefore, money. Exchanges are faster especially with the internet. Sales and purchases are
now facilitated and possible worldwide. This allows businesses to buy raw materials with
discounts or at reduced prices. Similarly, global tourism has grown.

Technology has also increased the productivity of almost every industry in the world. Thanks to
technology, we can even pay with bitcoins instead of using banks. The digital coin has been such
a game-changing factor, that many realised that this is the right time to open a bitcoin demo
account.
When observed more closely, new things are discovered every day. Let’s take for instance when
radio waves were discovered, radio broadcasts followed suit almost immediately. The same
applies to television and electricity. If no one had discovered that electricity could be generated,
then the entertainment industry wouldn’t be at its current stage of development.

Technology improves daily lives; allowing to move physical storage units to virtual storage banks
and more. Scientists of the time are also able to send astronauts to the moon thanks to technology.

Poverty
Poverty is a lack of basic human needs like health, education, clean water, nutrition etc. It is a
condition in which one income is not sufficient enough to fulfil his basic needs. It is a curse and
something like nobody would want to own.

In Pakistan it is not a yesterday born issue, it is eating up Pakistan and now it has spread out its
circle to a larger radius now. Historically it began just with independence because of a lack of
proper resources at that time. In 1980 there was a slight decline in its level but the level again
risen up after 1990 and till now it is rising with fluctuation of time.

Currently, about 35% of Pakistan population lives below the line of poverty. Mostly people of
rural areas live below the line of poverty and two-thirds of our population lives in rural areas. The
scenario is also not different in urban areas where 40% population of the urban area live below
the line of poverty. Currently, poverty is the cause behind many critical problems in Pakistan on
one hand but it is also an outcome of many other problems.

There are a lot of reasons behind poverty. Most people blame politics and politicians as one of the
reasons for prevailing poverty. Some call it lack of good leadership, some call it bad government
policies and some call it bad politics but they all are the same in one. Politicians are sometimes
not sincere for the eradication of poverty and some do not have a proper plan for its solution.

The policies adopted by the different government only cause a little fluctuation in the level of
poverty but the condition of people remains the same every time. Bad governance also relates to
corruption in poverty. Corruption has totally engulfed every office of Pakistan is now not
considered as a sin but as right. It has gripped the country from highest level to lowest level so
that leads to a weak economy and ultimately to poverty.

Bad law and order is another situation for which the government can be blamed as it is also
caused by poverty. Law and order situation is getting worse because the government doesn’t
seem to be qualified to solve this issue. Law and order and protests are affecting the business
directly because businessmen do not feel safe to carry out their business and the economy gets
weak and poverty gets stronger.

The war against terror is provoking safety issues in Pakistan and poverty is proportional to safety
issues naturally. Lack of standard education causes poverty because education makes people
aware of everything which could be used efficiently with education. People here in Pakistan don’t
have good business knowledge and they don’t know which business could lead to greater income
for them so lack of education is also the leading cause of poverty in Pakistan.

Fluctuated foreign investments also increasing poverty level in Pakistan, people invest a lot in
Pakistani markets and economy flows with it but when they get their investments out of Pakistan
the economy suffers and so do people of Pakistan in the form of poverty. Pakistan trend of
increasing imports strategy is also worth mentioning here because she imports a lot of products
which costs a lot even those products which can be produced with a little planning are imported
from other countries on high prices. It certainly causes inflation and poverty.

As the government is behind most of these problems privatization is a problem which causes
poverty. Government is not qualified to tackle the administration of the major institutions of the
country so the only solution which comes to its mind is privatization. When these institutions are
run by the private sector the economy gets weaker day by days like PIA and railways seems to be
privatized and they are partially privatized.

Other things related to poverty are our bad morality, sense of responsibility and social bonding.
Pakistan moral culture is getting worse day by day, people in Pakistan are not sincere for the
eradication of poverty. People here don’t feel bad about being corrupt, they don’t feel bad when
public property is destroyed or when someone is a threat to the country’s economy. Social
bonding is weak in Pakistan they really don’t care for others problems and issues, all they care
about is their own selves they are not honest. They don’t help the poor and they don’t pay taxes
so people themselves are also responsible for rising poverty level.

Poverty is obviously not a good thing it’s a sin. It is the root cause of many problems like
diseases, frustration, hatred, bad law and order, illiteracy and many more. A poor country like
Pakistan has not enough resources to provide proper health standards to its people, peripheries are
more worth mentioning about health and education issue.

First of all the fund allotted by the government is not enough to reach the standard of good health
and lack of education is also the reason people know less about health issues. Education standard
is very poor in Pakistan due to poverty, people can’t afford here to have a good education only
the elite class here has access to a good education. As education is the solution for many
problems of country poverty is the hindrance that comes in its way. This blend of health and
education issues further give birth to many problems at the rate of a tenth of power as we use in
mathematics.

Besides causing social problems in Pakistan poverty is also affects the country as a whole
politically and diplomatically. Pakistan has lost its respect on an international level due to the
poor economy, bad law and order situation and for the tag of terrorism. Every year Pakistan has
to get millions of loans from the IMF and United States on reckless conditions not in the favour
of the country. People of Pakistan are not seen with respectable eyes internationally. Pakistan has
stepped into a war against terrorism because of poverty as one of its main reason. She lends
money from the US in return for cooperation in a war which is not exactly its own war.

Shortly it can be concluded that poverty has totally engulfed Pakistan in its mouth where the
escape is difficult but not impossible. There are still many ways to get Pakistan out of this
disaster. Leadership has got central importance here, with proper planning and good government
policies the problem can be solved. All they need to do is to appoint competent and wall qualified
economists to help them tackle this issue and obviously, their sincerity for its solution cannot be
ignored as well.

A country economy is the backbone of its country with its solution when it is solved many
problems will automatically. Alone leadership is not enough for its solution. People of Pakstan
have too got responsibility with an equal share. People need to cooperate fully with the
government and should be sincere with their own country and put all their energies for the
eradication of poverty.

Election Campaign
During election campaigns, political parties compete to inform voters about their leaders, the
issues, and where they stand on these issues. The democratic theory supposes that participatory
democracies are better served by an informed electorate than an uninformed one.

This has resulted in party campaigns being focused on making sure that their respective
supporters and prospective supporters are well inclined with their main concerns, this is done
through manifestoes and other such documents that outline the key issues a particular party
focuses on.

This development in campaigning has led to a renewed interest in analysing successful

campaigns.

Smoking is a Bad Habit

There are lots of negative effects of smoking. Smoking has been proven to be very dangerous for
health. As one cigarette contains more than 4000 chemical substances, therefore, it causes many
dangerous diseases such as heart attacks, asthma, bronchitis or lung cancer.

According to a recent report in Britain close to 3,500 people are killed each year in road accidents
and 120,000 are killed by smoking. Furthermore, smoking costs governments millions of dollars
because of the large number of people who need treatment in hospitals for smoking-related
problems.

Moreover, passive smoking is also a major concern today. Recent research shows that non-
smokers can suffer from health problems if they spend long periods of time among people who
do smoke. In the UK children whose parents are smoke are three times as likely to start smoking
themselves.

This world would be a better place without cigarettes. However, the decision of whether to smoke
or not to smoke is for each individual to make. People should not smoke in a room or a place
where there are non-smokers.

Smoking has become very common and fashionable, especially among young boys. This habit
usually begins at school when boys try to experiment with every new thing that they can lay their
hands on. Despite the warnings given by doctors about the ill-effects of smoking, people continue
to smoke. Smokers are addicted to it, and even if they want to, they cannot refrain from picking
up a cigar or cigarette and puffing away.

Some youngsters smoke for the sake of society and some feel that would make them appear
liberated and broadminded. In the beginning, a teenager may take a few puffs from his friend’s
cigarette; then comes a time when it becomes an indispensable part of his life. Several puffs lead
to the formation of a habit. Soon smoking begins to affect the health of the smoker. He becomes a
chain-smoker. This smoke is toxic and the nicotine in the cigarette is known to cause cancer.

It is ironic that despite the fact that every smoker is aware of the ill effects of smoking, he does
not give it up. Tobacco companies are doing very well all over the world. Every packet of cigars
or cigarettes has a warning inscribed in it: cigarette smoking is injurious to health.” Yet the
smoker never reads this warning and even if he reads it he never pays heed to it. The government
raises the price of tobacco every year. This is usually done to discourage people from smoking.

My Last Day at School / College

The first and last day at school is of unique significance for students. My last day at school is still
fresh in my memory. There are many memorable things associated with my school life.
Whenever I recall my last day at school, I become very emotional.

It was a fine day on February 26, 2017. I took my breakfast and wore a special dress and outfit.
Then I left for school where calls IX had arranged a farewell party for class X. The hosts warmly
welcomed the guests at the school gates. All of the boys were dressed up in glowing clothes.
Everyone was in a gay mood.

The school was off due to the function. So, there were only teachers and the students in the
second section. We were made seated in the school hall which was beautifully decorated. We had
had a friendly chat before the event had started with the recitation of Holy Quran.

The comparer welcomed all the participants. The program was consisted off of a variety of
shows. Some students sang very good songs. A group of students played a comedy-drama which
was a marvellous one. Parody of some famous people was a hit item. Some of our juniors also
read farewell poetry. We had a poetry competition with our juniors. In the end, our honourable
headmaster made a speech. He advised all the students to work hard. He prayed for our success
and bright future. A group photo was also taken.

Then we were served with a hot lunch which consisted of many items. I still remember the
festivity of that occasion. It showed the love of our juniors for us. After that, we all strolled
around and had group selfies.

I felt strange when I was standing at the school gate looking at the school building with tears in
my eyes. I could not help crying silently. I had to leave the place I loved and was proud of. I left
for home with a heavy heart.

Annual Prize Distribution

Prize distribution is one of the most important functions of a school. It is a memorable event in
the history of the institution. It is held and marks the end of the academic year.

The prize distribution in our school was held in the first week of March. It was held in the school
hall. The Director of Education was invited to preside over the function. The rooms were
whitewashed and cleaned. The school compound was colourful with flower pots and banners.
Maps, pictures and paintings were hung on the walls. Chairs were arranged for the visitors. The
stage was beautifully decorated.

Prizes were arranged neatly on a separate table. The prize winners sat near the stage.

The Chief Guest arrived exactly at four. He was warmly received by the principal and other
members of the staff at the gate. The school had played the national song. The scouts gave him a
guard of honour. He was accompanied to the auditorium by the principal and members of the
school committee.

The function started with a song. It was followed by a short drama. The principal read the annual
report about the progress, examination results and extra-curricular activities of the school. The
chief guest gave away the prizes. I also won a prize for standing first in my class. After that, the
chief guest delivered a short speech. He praised the school for it all-round progress and brought
home to the student’s duties and responsibilities.

The principal thanked the chief guest and the function came to an end amidst cheers.
A Picnic Party
I shall always remember a picnic party that I describe here. I went to a canal (or river) in March
last year with three friends of mine. All of us were on our bicycles, happy like birds and act like
soldiers. We started early in the morning on a Sunday. We took food and fruit and cards with us.
Two of us had mouth organs. As we reached the canal at about 8, we smiled at each other in joy.
We were in a mood to enjoy ourselves to our fill (as much as possible).

First of all, we decided to sit down under a tree to tell jokes. All of us had a pretty big storehouse
of jokes that we emptied. We laughed so much that we forget all our troubles and problems.

Then one of my friends suggested that we have a cycle race of five kilometres along the road,
beside the canal. After some thought, we jumped on our bicycles and started the race stood
second. When we returned to our starting point, we were quite tired. So we lay down in the sun
and rested for half an hour. We had fruit and felt quite fresh.

Afterwards, we played cards for some time. It was a real pleasure to sit in the open air and play
and talk. The water of the canal was giving sweet musical sound, and it pleased us beyond
description.

Just sometime later, one of us said that it was no use sitting down. He said it would be better for
them to climb some trees there. I did not like the idea, as I am not a good climber. But he said that
he would himself climb a tree. He started climbing one with many branches. He reached its. top
quite easily. He sat on the treetop and began laughing at us saying that we might also try to come
up. Soon he started coming down. But, as he reached the middle of the tree, he found it difficult
to move. Soon his foot.slipped and he fell down on the grass. As the ground was soft, he was not
injured. He was very serious now, and he forgot all his earlier hits at us (remarks that he had
passed on us).

We sat down on a grassy patch under tall trees and beside thick bushes. Having been tired by the
exertion, we took a long rest. I even lay down and slept for a while. My other we companions
also enjoyed some sleep. When we woke up, we were feeling fresh and active. We washed in the
flowing water of the canal and then ate fruit. Then we started playing hide and seek around thick
and tall trees. In the afternoon, we had some food and took further rest. In the evening, we
returned home on bicycles, tired but satisfied at heart.

GIRLS SHOULD WRITE ESSAY LIKE THIS

It was a bright sunny day in March last year that our 2nd-year students decided to go on a picnic.
We discussed the picnic programme with our English teacher at the college sunken rose garden.
The garden, itself looked like a picnic spot. But the girls wanted to go to a place outside the city. I
suggested Kamran’s Baradari in the Ravi. It was a romantic idea, and all the class accepted it with
loud cheers. Miss Robina, the teacher, loudly suggested the Jallo Park, but she was at once
shouted down. She accepted my idea of Kamran’s Baradari, and we all were set to start the next
day, Friday, on the college bus.

We started for the Ravi on Friday after attending our classes and saying the Friday prayer. In the
afternoon, the overcast sky (covered with clouds) and the cool wind indicated (suggested) the
coming of rain. We talked about it to Miss Robina and Miss Shabina from the college Physics
department. They were in an extra-jolly mood, and they laughed and said that we could run into
the Baradari with our games, and food if the rain came.

All this really happened afterwards. When our boats reached the Baradari, it started drizzling
(raining lightly). Soon the rain stopped altogether. We sat on a green grassy ground shadowed by
the most beautiful trees on earth. We took out our dishes and put the sandwiches and burgers on
them. As we were eating, the teachers asked a few girls to sing favourite film songs. The girls
sang as well as they could. We then asked Miss Robina to sing her best-loved songs, as everyone
knew that she was a perfect singer. She started singing, and we started. dancing together with
Miss Shabina. We photographed each other and the scenes around.

Many of us put our unfinished meals in the dishes on the ground. We started playing ludo and
cards in groups and some sat in corners at ease discussing their future plans. And then there was
lightning and thunder and a downpour (sudden heavy rain). We picked up our dishes and ran into
the Baradari. I saw Miss Shabina slipping on the ground hurting herself.

The girls ran to her help and picked her up and carried her indoors. Some half an hour later, the
sky cleared and the sun could be seen sinking in the west. Our teachers asked us to collect our
articles and prepare to return, We did so, and they led, us to the boats into which we jumped in
wild passion and joy. We were wet and tired but were feeling greatly uplifted (in very high
spirits) and excited.

Allama Iqbal as a Philosopher

Allama Iqbal, great poet-philosopher and active political leader, was born at Sialkot, Punjab, in
1877. He descended from a family of Kashmiri Brahmins, who had embraced Islam about 300
years earlier.

Iqbal received his early education in the traditional maktab. Later he joined the Sialkot Mission
School, from where he passed his matriculation examination. In 1897, he obtained his Bachelor
of Arts Degree from Government College, Lahore.

Two years later, he secured his Master’s Degree and was appointed in the Oriental College,
Lahore, as a lecturer of history, philosophy and English. He later proceeded to Europe for higher
studies. Having obtained a degree at Cambridge, he secured his doctorate at Munich and finally
qualified as a barrister.

He returned to India in 1908. Besides teaching and practicing law, Iqbal continued to write
poetry. He resigned from government service in 1911 and took up the task of propagating
individual thinking among the Muslims through his poetry.

By 1928, his reputation as a great Muslim philosopher was solidly established and he was invited
to deliver lectures at Hyderabad, Aligarh and Madras. These series of lectures were later
published as a book “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam”.

In 1930, Iqbal was invited to preside over the open session of the Muslim League at Allahabad. In
his historic Allahabad Address, Iqbal visualized an independent and sovereign state for the
Muslims of North-Western India. In 1932, Iqbal came to England as a Muslim delegate to the
Third Round Table Conference.

In later years, when the Quaid had left India and was residing in England, Allama Iqbal wrote to
him conveying to him his personal views on political problems and state of affairs of the Indian
Muslims and also persuading him to come back. These letters are dated from June 1936 to
November 1937. This series of correspondence is now a part of important historical documents
concerning Pakistan’s struggle for freedom.

On April 21, 1938, the great Muslim poet-philosopher and champion of the Muslim cause, passed
away. He lies buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.
The Teacher who Changed My Life
Teacher Life is an unexpected experience, so full of surprises that nobody knows what will
happen the very next moment, especially when you meet a person who has the ability to change
your life in a complete way.

Most of us have met a teacher during our lifetime in school that made a difference and touched
our lives in some way to make it better and to open our eyes for success. I remember when the
first day of high school started. I was very nervous and stressed, scared to the point that I didn’t
want to be at the school. I had six classes that I had to attend that day. At the end of the afternoon,
I walked in my last class and it was Social Studies. I usually don’t like this subject but the teacher
started to change the way I thought about social studies.

Now Her name was Mrs Saeeda Javid she impressed me the way she was confident, and she told
us about her story from high school to college and the success that she gained over the years of
studying also the fears that she had. The bell rang, and the class is over. I stayed after class to talk
to her about how I feel and how stressed I was about school.

She was very nice and she welcomed me. She said, “I’m here for you anytime “. I introduced
myself to her, and I told her how lonely I felt being in school and that I had no one to talk to
which make me feel really awkward, plus that wasn’t everything I was afraid of. I was worried
about my classes too because they seemed a little hard. We talked for about an hour. She was a
very good listener. She gave me a lot of advice that I needed at that time, and she told me to come
to her whenever I feel like I need someone to talk to. I came back home really happy and
confident.

Everything I felt earlier had disappeared. My homework was perfectly done, and I was excited to
start my next day of high school and meet Mrs Saeeda Javid again. Years of high school was
about to be over. Mrs Saeeda Javid walked me to senior year even though I had one class with
her.

Through those three years, she taught me a lot of stuff. She made from me a man for life, she
opened my eyes for a bright future and made me feel so special, but that wasn’t everything. When
senior year started, I was in need of help and I went to her. I wasn’t sure if I’m going right after I
graduate from high school I will go right after to college and I really wanted to know if I did the
right thing or not. She gave me the best words that actually convinced me to decide what I should
do after graduation. She said “through the years that I knew you, I have always seen you as a
successful guy that has a good head on his shoulders, I want you to go to college and prove to
yourself and to me and everybody that you will never fail or take a step back”

Mrs Saeeda Javid has changed my whole life, because of everything she did for me and that I
actually listened to her advice. She played the part where I choose to attend college and look
forward to being successful as I made a promise with her. Mrs Saeeda Javid wasn’t Just a teacher
for me, but she was like a mother who really cares about her son, and she wanted to see me in a
good place all the time where I can find the happiness and Joy in my life. That’s how I see her in
my eyes.

Maybe that could be Just a little about how I feel about her because she is an indescribable person
to me. I will never forget the experience that I had with her and what she taught me through high
school years. Sometimes people appear in our lives suddenly, and they flip it upside down. They
change us for better ones, and that’s what Mrs Saeeda Javid did for my life. I couldn’t be more
thankful than any day in my life for having her. She shaped my life in Just a way that should be
shaped.
Do Right and Fear No Man
My moral philosophy is very simple. From any situation, I can come to a decision of what is the
right thing to do morally, based on the idea of the “Golden Rule”, which is “Treat others as you
would want to be treated”. I feel like people as a whole aim to do good for one another, so doing
the right thing can be very easy if we keep a positive mindset.

There will always be negativity in life, but if we free our minds from the negativity, hatred, and
worry then we can easily put ourselves in a position to decide if we would like to be treated a
specific way in any situation. Like anything else, through life experience, I have been able to gain
knowledge of certain situations, so in certain situations, doing the right thing can be easy because
I know that I have previously not liked the outcome of situations.

In a position to decide if we would like to be treated a specific way in any situation. Like
anything else, through life experience, I have been able to gain knowledge of certain situations,
so in certain situations, doing the right thing can be easy because I know that I have previously
not liked the outcome of situations.

In my opinion, the right thing to do morally is to treat everyone with respect. Generosity is also
very important to me because if people as a whole give more and expect less in return, we will all
eventually benefit from this. From my own experience, simple things we do in everyday living to
help another person can really set the tone for their entire day, good or bad. So by being generous
to others, I feel like it can benefit their entire day.

The guiding light of my moral philosophy is the experiences I’ve had while growing up. I’ve
seen what both the good and bad can do to people and because of this, I have a relatively good
idea of how I would want to be treated in any situation. If a person experiences too much
negativity while growing up, I feel like this blocks their mind holding a respectful style of
living. Luckily, while I have endured many negative situations growing up, I have been lucky
enough to also surround myself with such positive vibes and a loving family. Many people that
struggle to treat people respectfully have lacked that positive energy, in my opinion.

When I try to decide whether something is the right thing to do, I use benchmarks that have come
up in my own experience to measure a situation, whether it is my own or someone
else’s. Everyone in life has gone through their own personal struggles so no one knows what it is
like to live another person’s shoes. I try to keep this in mind when I’m dealing with other peoples
struggles, whether they are my friends, family, or a complete stranger. I have a better idea of
what the people close to me go through, however, you can never understand someone else’s life
entirely. Because of this, I try to keep a level of respect and kindness for others in situations
because I don’t know what they have gone through.

When I see a complete stranger in a bad situation, I usually ask myself whether I would want to
see my own brother, sister, or parent going through what they are going through. This is
something that helps me decide what I should do in a certain situation. Once again, the
knowledge that I have gained while growing up is something I hold myself to in everyday
situations because it’s the morals that have been handed down to me from my parents that
ultimately shape how I live day to day.

Carrier as a Teacher
There are many professions which man has adopted according to his knowledge and ability. A
person can adopt any profession or business. It depends upon his aptitudes and mental capability.
All profession are equally important for human development. But the teaching is the profession
which has lead people on the high way of progress and prosperity. No development had been
possible if there had been no teacher. All the sciences all the arts and crafts and all the
civilizations and cultures are due to the teaching. In fact, teaching is the noble profession let me
call the teaching as a prophetic profession because invariably all prophets are teachers. They
taught and preached the message of God.

The importance and nobility of this profession is evident from a tradition of Holy Prophet (Peace
be upon Him) in which he says “I have been sent to you as a teacher” in another Hadith Holy
Prophet (Peace be upon Him) says “He who is neither teacher nor student is not a Muslim” these
sayings of Holy Prophet (Peace be upon Him) show the importance of teaching and learning and
prove that a Muslim must be an associated with the process of teaching. Thus teaching is a great
profession.

Teaching as a profession requires a great courage and moral strength, because it is not sound so
far as financial side is concerned. But as regards the side of honour and dignity teaching is
considered a noble and respected profession. In the east people always had awe and respect for
this profession.

Teaching is a noble profession because it deals with the words of God, written on human hearts
or in nature or in the Holy Books. All the secrets of nature have been revealed by the teacher to
humanity. All the messages of God have been communicated by him to mankind. So the teacher
is the source of knowledge and guidance for the human being.

Teaching aims at enlightening and contentment of mind in men. Teaching broadens and
illuminates the dark corners of the human heart and mind. Teaching tries to show humanity the
road of progress and prosperity. Teaching does the work of character building. It refines the
personality of man and rise in him the thirst for knowledge. Teaching tells the man what is true
beauty and goodness. Through the guidance of the teacher, man drinks from the sources of truth
beauty and goodness and tries to incorporate them in life.

It is the profession of teaching which had enabled man to be a scientist, doctor, philosopher,
agriculturist, politician or lawyer. With the help of a teacher, a person leads a successful life.
Teaching not only trains a person for material benefit but it also arranges moral, spiritual and
religious training for man. Let me say that teaching is the profession which shows man the road
which leads him to God.

Teacher as a Nation Builder

Teachers can be rightly called a nation builder because it is through their perseverance, love and
navigation towards the right path that great men have built our nation. It is our dear teachers who
build our character and personality, which leads us towards our final career destination.

Society turns to teachers to build itself and set its future generations up for success so as to lead
society in a positive way. In light of the recently commemorated Teachers’ Day on October 5, I
would like to highlight the significance of teachers in our own country, which could use a lot of
guidance in the way of betterment.

A teacher also imparts lessons in ethics and morals and serves as an important role model for
children, therefore they must be appreciated and respected while teachers should also realise their
importance and responsibilities’.
Teachers inspire their students to aspire for greater things, and as school is a socialization agent
teachers play an important role in nation building. Teachers ought to be highly respected
members of society as they shape the character of their students. While everyone can be trained it
is not all people who gain knowledge and are willing to learn.

To facilitate knowledge acquisition the input of the teachers is required, and they are well placed
to motivate the learners to work hard work, gain knowledge and be successful. Regardless of
whether learners are slow or fast, teachers instil in them the importance of working hard in what
they are good at and being people of high integrity.

Teachers contribute towards the creation of a prosperous nation when they help to build the future
of young learners. It may be necessary to reform teaching to improve teaching to meet
tomorrow’s challenges. Teaching is like a calling and it is not everyone who has the patience to
mould the character of students like the teachers do.

Confident young people build nations, and teachers make conscious decisions to inspire the next
generation of leaders. It is not an easy decision for the teachers to continue being in the
profession when there are budget cuts in the education sector and attempts to limit their
independence. When schools fail, teachers are singled out even when detractor signore the factors
outside of the teachers control that affect success in education.

Knowledge is the basis for national development as decisions are made to improve the well being
of the people. People are skilled to the extent that they gain knowledge and can apply skills. The
teachers affect skills acquisition and appreciating the role that teachers play fosters knowledge
acquisition and moral development.

A teacher acts as a guide, but they also need to be highly committed to prepare the learners and
impart useful skills on them. Teachers are entrusted with the responsibility of teaching,
supporting learning and moral development. The absence of teachers stunts education and affects
the development of leadership skills among the youth

Teachers are role models and act as second parents to the young learners, and young students
look up to their teachers for encouragement and inspiration. The role of teachers in civic
education and encouraging civic engagement cannot be ignored as civic participation is
associated with willingness to get things done.

Despite the benefits of having competent and motivated teachers, their efforts are not well
appreciated. This should not be the case and teachers ought to be well trained and respected to
have a bigger impact on students and young adults. Citizens build a nation, but there cannot be
active citizens in society if they are not properly moulded from an early age, as parents and
teachers or educators fulfil this role.

A good education system builds good teachers and learners, while each nation requires innovative
leaders and relevant education. Now more than ever before knowledge societies make a
difference in building a nation teachers are not merely transmitters of knowledge, but also
supporters of innovative thinking and competence to meet todays and future challenges. Young
learners eventually encounter challenging moments as they grow older, and school is one of the
places where they learn to navigate unknown territories.

Teachers prepare the students to tackle the challenges that they encounter, and as they are
exposed to different things they get wiser and are ready to lead from the front. All advanced
nations have invested heavily in education as the leaders understand the importance of education
in national development and improving competitiveness in the economic front.
Teachers are sometimes considered the second parents of a student. A teacher leads a child to
gain knowledge and explore his or her natural or innate interests and abilities. An ideal teacher is
a great motivator who encourages a student to generate a zealous hope to approach and achieve a
student’s career goals and aspirations. A teacher also imparts lessons in ethics and morals and
serves as an important role model for children. With these teacher qualities kept in mind, new
teachers should also be trained to work with these aspects in mind.

Finally, teachers must be appreciated and respected as they perhaps play the most important part
in imparting civic education to students and young adults and must be provided better facilities
and incentives to continue doing so for the development of our nation.

With these teacher qualities kept in mind, new teachers should also be trained to work with these
aspects in mind. Finally, teachers must be appreciated and respected as they perhaps play the
most important part in imparting civic education to students and young adults and must be
provided better facilities and incentives to continue doing so for the development of our nation.

Parents Vs. Professional Teacher

First, let us define the term teaching as a process of transmitting useful knowledge from one
person to another. The statement claims that parents are the best in teaching, implying a
comparison between professionally trained teachers and students’ parents, who are not
professional teachers themselves.

To discuss Parents Vs. Professional Teacher, it is necessary to enumerate the factors the teaching
process depends on:
1) Whether a teacher possesses the knowledge to be transmitted, and to what extent.
2) Whether a teacher is able to effectively transmit knowledge to students, or, in other words,
how strong are the pedagogical skills of a teacher?
3) Whether a teacher practises the personal approach or works with students as with a mass.
4) How much time a teacher spends on a single student.

The first factor should be considered in the context of a particular kind of knowledge, while the
other three may be considered out of this context. Let us analyze the last three factors first.

In most cases, trained teachers are more proficient in pedagogy because they have got the
appropriate training. So, regarding this factor, professional teachers are better than parents.

The factor of using the personal approach could be related to the presence of pedagogical skills,
but it makes sense to distinguish it as a separate factor, and further analysis reveals why. In most
cases one’s parents will teach their child exactly that is necessary for him or her, while not every
teacher works with one’s students personally. So, here parents are more promising if none of the
other factors is taken into account.

Concerning the time one can spend working with a student, it strongly depends on the teacher’s
load, e.g., the number of students in the class, and on the opposite side, it depends on how much
time parents can spend at home. The teacher’s load depends on a particular school, syllabus, and
so forth. The time a parent can spend at home depends on the kind of job one has. It is hard to say
who is the best in general if take into account only this factor.

To analyze the impact of the first factor, let us classify the types of knowledge.
a) A fundamental knowledge, which includes knowledge of how to walk, to speak, to brush one’s
teeth, and so forth.
b) School-Level knowledge.
c) A special college- or university-level knowledge.

Every adult person possesses fundamental knowledge, so here neither professional teachers nor
parents have an advantage. But not every parent may still have a good knowledge of everything
that is being taught at school, though some parents have. And it’s much less probable, that parents
possess the knowledge being taught at the college or university their child is studying at. So, the
more specific the knowledge, the more advantageous professional teachers are.

In each particular case, it is necessary to consider at least all the factors listed above to answer the
question of who is the best in teaching – professional teachers or student’s parents. A universal
answer to this question doesn’t exist.

A Little Learning is a Dangerous

Thing
We live in the age of superficiality every one wants to show that he is learned yet even he is
shallow. The methods of showing that one is learned are interesting. One of them is to ignore all
that others know. Another is to ignore the commonplace and concentrates on something odd and
out of the way.

If somebody begins to discuss Jan Eyre our Wuthering heights say that you prefer the tenant o
wild fell Hall. In this way, you will easily acquire a reputation for profound learning is the pitfall
in to which the journalist in particular always falls. He must write airily of odd and remote in
order to cancel his ignorance of the near and the classical. He has no leisure. His profession
makes him acquainted with a mass of miscellaneous and haphazard knowledge which he
compelled to reproduce in his articles with an air of knowing everything. The journalist is
tempted to be readable and so he always tries to be original and unusual.

Is the Pierian suited for everyone? Can every one drink deep of it? The philosopher or the moral
of science may do so with safety but of others, the Pierian spring makes my prigs.

Aldous Huxley is an essay in “Along the Road” gives an amusing account of an exhibition of arts
and crafts which he saw at Munich. In that exhibition every applied art was represented furniture
jewellery, ceramics and textile “The Germans” says Aldous Huxley know more about artistic
styles of the past than any other people in the world and their art today is about as hopeless deary
as any national art called well be. Its badness is in mathematical terms as a function of learned
ness. This could be seen from such exhibitions as these. A Mexican pot decorated with Moorish
arabesques, a black Forest peasant table standing on Egyptian legs, learning may be good for
poets, politicians, philosophers had a business, men for the artist it is bad.

Good art demands inverse concentration and excessive knowledge tend that make the type of
concentration that art demands difficult.

For the superficial knowledge of our own times, other things are responsible also. Men nowadays
have become so mercenary that they are not willing to undertake any serious work that does not
pay. Intellect is valued only as a key to material prosperity. “He wastes his money on books.
What good are they to him? He is a carpenter, not a schoolmaster. Men do not realize that the
brain is not a tool or exploiting our fellow men but. To follow knowledge like a sinking star
beyond the most bound of human thought. The French have a beautiful phrase “la joie de vivire”
parallel to we can invent other “la joie de savoir” the joy of knowledge is all unknown to money
makers.
There are certain theories and dogmas which have diverted man and women from the pursuit of
knowledge and make them content with their ignorance and stupidity. Religious teachers have
made most of the dogmas. They have taught that man has a body and soul, but they have
forgotten that man has, the mind also. Saint Basil is reported to have remarked very frankly “it is
a matter of no interest to as whether the earth is a sphere or a cylinder or a disc.

With this exaltation of stupidity and ignorance, it is no wonder that we suffer from all
shortcomings of little knowledge. Take such a glaring social evil of our country as early marriage.
People marry early because so-called religions books have recommended this practice. They have
to quote chapter and verse to support this idea. I call this one of the instances of little knowledge
let them go behind the book into the mind of the author who made it. If they drank deeper of the
Pierian spring they would be compelled to throw away early marriage.

Knowledge is long and life is short and even the best of us must be content to have only a little of
it. If we could live for hundreds of years instead of a few deeds we could not have enough time to
acquire all the knowledge that there is. All the ills of humanity arise from ignorance. With
knowledge, we can at least overcome ignorance.

A quotation from A-Houseman in which he praises the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake is
worth pondering over. “Other desires perish in their gratification but the desire of knowledge
never the eve is not satisfied with seeing nor the ear filled with hearing, other desires become the
occasion of pain through death of the material to gratify them but not the desire of knowing the
some of the things to be known is inexhaustible and however long we read we shall never come
to the end of story books. So long as the mind of man is what is it will continue to excite in
advancing on the unknown throughout the infinite field of the universe, and the tree of knowledge
will remain forever, as it was, in the beginning, a tree to be desired to make me wise”.

The above-stated facts show that we should not be satisfied with what we have learnt. Because
our knowledge is limited and knowledge itself is vast.

People Do Not Lack Strength; They

Lack Will
The quote above was by Victor Hugo.

You look at the chocolate cake in the shop; one voice in your head says go on, buy it; the other
voice in your head says no, there are far too many calories in that cake, buy something else.
Which voice will you take notice of? Will you buy that cake or will you buy a healthy
alternative? Many people find it difficult to stick to a diet, exercise regularly, cut down their
alcohol intake or stop flashing that credit card. It really all comes down to willpower. How much
willpower do you have? Can you say no?

There have been studies done to prove that your willpower is a limited resource and each of us
only has so much of it. I remain to be convinced. Yes, these researchers came up with theories,
but they were probably paid for their work and had to come up with something interesting. I may
be totally wrong and I haven’t read the results in detail so if I am I apologise.

I still think there is a huge link between willpower and reward. If you stop smoking and save up
the money you would have spent and a partner says they will match what you save, that’s a
massive incentive for you to stop smoking. You could buy yourself a new wardrobe; you could
go on a fabulous holiday; so there’s more chance of you succeeding. If you go on a diet, you will
do better if a friend diets with you and you both join a slimming club. That holds for exercising
too; go to the gym with a buddy and you will support each other and there will be less chance of
you giving up. You will help encourage each other and celebrate when you drop that dress size
and you can go shopping for that new outfit.

Motivation can be the key to success. When you begin a new challenge, you are all fired up and
enthusiastic so the results are very positive. As time passes, you get disillusioned, progress is
slow, that’s when you might give up. You need to set new goals, new targets and reward yourself
each time you reach them. Perhaps you can go to the theatre, have a meal or something else that
would keep you motivated and on track.

There is always the danger that you may replace one bad habit with another. People who give up
smoking invariably put on weight. It’s not that smoking keeps them thin, it’s just that they reach
for food when they would have been reaching for a cigarette.

Sleep is important. If you are tired you become irritable and again more likely to give up. Try to
make sure you get a good quality sleep at night. You may have to change your routine or try the
warm baths etc. If you are alert and refreshed you will be able to stay focussed and not give up.

Some people find it easy to exercise their willpower, but many more struggle. The more
successful you are the easier it will be. So yes you can do it. Give yourself a treat and encourage
your family and friends to help you too. Good luck. Don’t be like Oscar Wilde who said: “The
only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it.” Be like Benjamin Franklin, “Energy and
persistence conquer all things.”

Life is not worth the Price We Pay

for it
What toll does it take, over time, if you get too little sleep; skip breakfast or settle for something
unhealthy; struggle with a relentlessly challenging commute; attend meeting after meeting with
no breaks in between; pump yourself up through the day with multiple cups of coffee or sugary
snacks; deal with hundreds of emails that accumulate in your inbox; remain at your desk for
lunch if you eat lunch at all; push through fatigue in the afternoon; head home at night feeling
exhausted, but continue to check email through the evening; work on the weekends; and limit
your vacations to no more than a week or two, if you vacation at all?

Consider the story of the boiling frog. It may or may not be true, but the point it makes certainly
is. Toss a frog into a pot of boiling water and it instinctively jumps out, self-protectively. Next,
place the frog into a pot of cool water. Not surprisingly, it swims around, happily. Now heat the
water up very gradually and what does the frog do? It acclimates to untenable circumstances —
and slowly cooks. The frog doesn’t notice what’s happening to him until it’s too late.

We’re experiencing the same phenomenon. Facing ever more demand, complexity and
uncertainty, our initial response is to push ourselves harder and more relentlessly, without taking
account of the costs we’re incurring.

Physiologically, we move into hyperarousal — flooding our bodies with stress hormones such as
adrenalin and cortisol. It’s an automatic response to the experience of threat, and it provides an
instant source of energy.

“Allostatic load” is a term coined by the neuroscientist Bruce McEwen that refers to the
physiological consequences — most especially on the brain — of chronic exposure to relentless
demand. When fight-or-flight hormones circulate in our body for too long, keeping our arousal
high, they become toxic — not just physically, but also emotionally and mentally.

The most immediate problem with the fight-or-flight state is that our pre-frontal cortex begins to
shut down. We become reactive rather than reflective. We lose precisely what we need most in
these complex times: the capacity to think analytically and imaginatively; to embrace nuance and
paradox rather than choosing up sides and to take a long-term perspective rather than making the
most expedient choice.

It’s not good for us, and it’s not good for companies.

The antidote, well understood by trauma researchers, is to give people practical and specific ways
to lower their physiological arousal — to get out of fight or flight. If you’re hyperaroused — and
vast numbers of us are, much of the time — you must learn first how to regularly relax your
body. Only then is it possible to calm your emotions, quiet your mind and make wiser choices?

In the trauma community, it’s called self-soothing. In the workplace, it’s about using simple
strategies to buffer relentless demand by taking more conscious and regular care of our most
basic needs.

Our most fundamental physical needs, beyond food, are to move and to rest. Sleep is the
foundation of physical energy. All but a tiny percentage of us require at least 7-8 hours a night to
feel fully rested and even small amounts of sleep deprivation take a significant cognitive toll.

We also operate best when we take renewal breaks at least every 90 minutes during the day.
Breathing deeply for as little as a minute, for example, can completely clear the body of cortisol.

Movement is a second, more active way to change channels and to build physical capacity. The
best way to move is to regularly challenge our current comfort zone — to push our heart rate into
the aerobic and anaerobic zones at least four times a week, for at least 20 minutes at a time, and
to train with weights at least twice a week.

Even if you don’t do that, it’s immensely valuable to get up and move at least several times
during the day — and even better, to get outside. Above all, our goal should be to increase our
oscillation over the course of the day — moving between relaxation at one end, and more active
forms of energy expenditure at the other.

At the emotional level, our core need is to feel safe, secure and valued. The most reliable way to
ensure that happens is to move flexibly between valuing, appreciating and taking care of others
— which builds trust and appreciation — and taking care of ourselves. One without the other is
insufficient. We need to regularly refuel ourselves with positive emotions just as much as we
need to renew ourselves physically. The more attentive we are to meeting these core needs, the
less likely we are to feel overwhelmed and exhausted, and the more sustainably high-performing
we’re capable of becoming.

Disadvantages of Deforestation
Deforestation occurs when forest land is cleared, usually to harvest the timber or clear space for
agricultural operations. More than 25 per cent of the land on Earth is covered by forests, but
millions of hectares of this ecosystem are destroyed every year, according to the University of
Michigan.
Over half of the world’s forests are found in just seven countries: Brazil, Canada, China, the
Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, Russia, and the United States. Therefore, while the
disadvantages of deforestation are global, the decision to clear forest land belongs to only a
handful of governments.

The disadvantages to deforestation are an increased amount of carbon dioxide emissions and soil
erosion as well as the destruction of forest habitat and the loss of biological diversity of both
plants and animals.

During photosynthesis, trees and other plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,
convert it into sugar molecules, and release oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that
contributes to global warming. Forests remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and help
mitigate the greenhouse effect.

When trees are cut down, the carbon dioxide they previously absorbed and stored is released back
into the atmosphere. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 17 per cent of the
carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is due to deforestation and the decay of trees and
other biomass.

The roots of plants anchor soil to the ground. When deforestation occurs, topsoil erosion
increases because there are no roots to hold the soil in place, and no vegetation to break the force
of falling rain.

According to the World Wildlife Fund, half of the world’s topsoil has eroded away within the
past 150 years. Erosion washes soil into nearby waterways, where the increased sedimentation
and pollution damages marine habitats and affects local populations that fish or drink from the
water source.

Additionally, the erosion of topsoil decreases soil fertility and hurts the very agricultural efforts
that are often the impetus for deforestation. In the Amazon rainforest, pasture and cropland
dominate the clearcut sections of forest. Sedimentary runoff from deforested areas contaminates
rivers, affecting everyone who uses that water.

Deforestation fractures forest habitat. Animals use trees for food, shelter, and nesting sites.
Without trees, animals must find other places to survive or they will perish. Animal populations
suffer dramatic losses when their natural habitat is altered.

In tropical rainforests, where species diversity is highest, habitat fragmentation and loss can have
significant effects on animal populations. For example, deforestation threatens the habitats of the
howler monkey in the Amazon rainforest and the northern spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest
region of the United States.

Forests provide homes for numerous animal species, but they are also home to countless plant
species. Scientists at the University of Michigan estimate that only one per cent of the plant
species in tropical rainforests have been screened for potential medicinal use.

Of the small percentage of plants that have been studied, several have proven to have medicinal
benefits. For example, medicine made from a species of wild periwinkle growing in
Madagascar’s forests is now being used to treat patients with leukaemia and other forms of
cancer.

Deforestation threatens future scientific discoveries of species that could be useful to mankind.
Advertisement – It’s Advantages &
Disadvantages
‘Necessity is the mother of invention’ is an oft-quoted saying. But nowadays the reverse of it is
truer. In modern business, ‘invention’ is the mother of necessity.

In this age of machinery, new things are produced every day. The market is created for these
things through advertisement Businessmen advertise their goods in various ways and thus spread
a knowledge of their goods among the customers.

It is through an advertisement that people begin to feel a need for even those goods of which they
had never heard before. Advertisement creates demand. it is the backbone of commerce and
Industry. No business can stay in the business world without advertisement. A successful
businessman is one who snatches away money from even the most miserly and reluctant
customer. Thus, the business world rotates on the pivot of advertisement.

As the world is progressing, so the means of advertisement are also increasing. We all know that
big poster is pasted on the walls, and handbills are distributed to advance the sale of goods. Walls
are painted and big signboards are displayed on crossings and prominent places to serve this
purpose. In the cinema hall, first of all, we see the advertisement slides.

A major part of the daily newspapers is full of advertisement. ‘Situations Vacant’, ‘Tender
Notice’, ‘Educational’, ‘Lost and Found’, ‘Matrimonial’, cinema advertisements, and
advertisements of so many other commodities are regular features of all newspapers. Radio and
Television also are being used as a means of commercial advertisement.

A good advertisement must have certain qualities. First, it should be based on human psychology.
A thing meant for ladies, should be advertised in such a way that they are attracted towards it. If
men are to be customers, then it should appeal to their tastes. Goods for different income groups
should be advertised, taking into consideration their purchasing power. A motor car is a thing for
the rich. Its advertisement must be touching the mentality of the rich. Usha Sewing Machine
should be advertised in such a way that the family man, with ordinary income, may feel the
economic advantages of the investment of his money on it.

Secondly, advertisements should be attractive. This is very essential. People look towards an
advertisement only if it is eye-catching. Good, interesting pictures are very effective form this
point of view. We all know about ‘Sanforised cloth’. The advertisements to show that the quality
of the cloth displays a man wearing a suit of non-sanforized cloth. He appears funny and
uncomfortable as his suit has gone out of fit by washing. Another man is shown wearing a suit of
‘Sanforised cloth’. How smart and active he appears. We immediately learn that ‘Sanforised
cloth’ is best because it does not shrink. So a good advertisement must be interesting, attractive
and eye-catching. But proper sanctity must be maintained and unnecessary exposure must be
avoided. It must also be frequently repeated, otherwise people forget all about the goods
advertised.

People do not like to waste their time on things which do not concern them. So to be successful,
the advertisement must be brief. Long descriptive stories or certificates of praise about certain
thing do not make a good advertisement. This is an important point in advertising and a good
advertiser must keep it in mind.

Advertisements are not concerned with the good or bad quality of goods. Even the most injurious
goods are advertised these days. Advertisements for undesirable drugs and medicines and
indecent literature, so common. They simply cheat the public. So we should be careful while
purchasing an advertised article. We should use our own mind, instead of blindly following the
advice of the advertisement.

In our country, the art of advertising is in its infancy. in progressive countries, like America, big
business concerns have specialists and experts for this purpose. They spend huge amounts of
money on advertisement. But it is not so in our country. Some businessmen consider their
products to be very superior. They think advertisement unnecessary. This is undesirable. To get
success in business every big or small business-concern must make effective use of the art of
advertising goods. To run a business without its aid is not possible in the modern age.

Computer in the Service of

Humanity
Computers are now a fact of life. Computers have created a very effective information system to
help streamline the management of an organization. This makes it a much-needed tool for every
business, banking, government, entertainment, daily life, industry, education, and administration.
It can be said of all large organizations, whether the department government or private, use a
computer for a variety of their daily business and it is the fastest growing industries in the world
today.

Each organization usually has one or more large computer systems and a number of
microcomputers. The system is a great computer for data processing tasks, while many small
microcomputers to use like word processing. Computers have become part of our lives is
essential. In general, the use of computers can be divided into several groups.

The first extensive data processing in order to avoid abuse of the workload while increasing the
effectiveness of trade and industry. Both as a prediction for decision-makers on the planning,
development, and growth based on past data. In addition, it also as a means of control and non-
power electric system based on our needs, such as closing the air conditioner if the temperature is
lower and save energy, connecting the parts and so on. It is also a link to link data around the
world in a short time.

For the fields of use mentioned above, the programs needed to be developed, tested and
implemented on a computer. The various programs should be written and linked to form a system
for specific tasks. In general, the system means that the software and hardware. As the system -
the system used to process the data or information, call our information systems.

It is known that the rapid growth of computer usage time. In all areas have been using computers
to launch a business.

The use of computers among maximum practised in the field of business. In fact, small
businesses also use the computer as there are now very cheap microcomputers. Business
organizations now have a number of facts and a lot of numbers to be processed. So many
businesses have started using the computer, for example, to calculate the salary, to identify the
goods sold and are still in stock, to issue and send or receive business statements, letters, invoices
and more.

The use of computers and office equipment to assist other managers, clerks, and the management
of office automation mentioned. One of them is a word processing type of electronic method that
enables us to produce and edit letters, reports, documents, and other than work in a few seconds
to type manually.
Many of the office to produce standard letters, such as payment of the balance, invitations and
more. In addition, local business organizations to use computers to create, save, and send envoys
to a particular place. The advantages of using computers in this area, clearly it is very important
in a business organization.

Processing data involving savings accounts, fixed deposits, loans, investments, profitability
analysis, and so on are among the organizations operating a budget. The measures used are
standard and recurrent. And with that, the financial institution is the first user is aware of the
importance of computers to save time. Use of financial institutions including electronic fund
transfer activities, for example, a bank has a terminal in each branch in the country and also in
supermarkets, petrol stations, schools, factories, homes, hotels, and so on.

The company will move employees’ salary into the account by entering employee identification
numbers then pay the money transferred into the account supermarkets, hotels, or gas station
when making a purchase. Money transfer facility is referred to the electronic transfer of money is
very effective to use is a safe and quick method for financial transactions.

With the facility, known as ETC is also individual can issue, transfer, and include cash or checks
to the current balance at any time. Clearly, the main purpose of the use of computers in financial
institutions can assist in arranging the affairs of clients and provide services better and more
efficient, reduce fraud in financial transactions also eliminate cash transactions involving the
community with the goal to create a cashless society.

The industry is a lot of benefit from the use of computers and the development of a human
machine that ‘robot’. Industrial production, for example, requires a lot of computers to process
data collected from employees, customers, sales, product information, production schedules, and
so on. Yes said the computer used to control the production process.

Especially the production of information processing inventory control to keep the latest
information about the remaining inventory of raw materials and finished goods used to determine
the value of inventory and stock status. This computer can alert the staff involved if he should
order the raw materials and when to deliver the goods completed to the customer.

Similarly, to store information about the structure of an item, but the material requirement
planning processes also use computers to facilitate the work. Appear in the computer industry is
very broad and also affect the development of industry in a country.

Now in this era of science and technology become more advanced, the computer may take over
the role of books in the store and disseminate knowledge to the public. In other words, the
computer will change the way we learn and the way we store knowledge. Hal-related matters
such as student registration, class scheduling, processing of examination results, students ‘and
teachers’ personal storage can be implemented by a computer with a fast and effective in helping
the administration. Now exams results were processed by computer. The IPT also the duties of
office automation, processing, scientific research results and also use the computer. In fact,
cataloguing books in libraries also apply to computer use.

Last but not least is used for teaching and learning process is not only at institutions of higher
learning in the schools, both for teaching and studying computer-assisted education on computer
is very emphasized that in the field of education for helping in the administrative process,
research is what is important is the ease and help students and teachers in the teaching and
learning.

Hospitals and clinics use computers to store patient records, scheduling doctors, nurses and other
personnel, inventory and purchase of medicines, medical research and medical diagnosis.
Applications of computer-based equipment or use of information technology have help doctors to
diagnose diseases. It is clear that the use of computers in the medical field to provide solutions to
complex problems.

Among the new computer technology that provides assistance to those who are disabled.
Microprocessor-based voice systems assist people with disabilities speaking with a terminal that
directs the computer to perform a verbal task. Similarly, the development of computers has
helped the blind to see, the deaf to communicate, whether with the help of speech synthesizer or
using the keyboard. This can help them become more active and can do what they could not do
before. Besides works of traditional data processing, such as issuing bills of patients, medical
statistics and scheduling of staff and others have also streamlined and processed by computer.

Hospital Information System that is used can be stored in a centralized patient database. In fact,
the use of information technology the computer is programmed to culture and analyze bacteria,
viruses, and other infectious agents to automatically detect and identify a disease thus enabling
the hospitals and laboratories to begin treatment. For example, the Computer Help Demography
machine (Computer Aided Demography, CAT) used for the purpose. Similarly, computers are
used for a patient to oversee psychological variables such as blood pressure, body temperature,
ECG (Electro-Cardiograph) and sounded a warning if something unusual happens.

For this purpose the computer to read different variables and make comparison with standard
values. If there is something extraordinary happens the computer will draw the attention of
doctors and nurses to issue a warning. Clearly, it was found that the computer has a wide range of
accommodation in the medical field.

Computers have been used in the legislative process in recent years. The use of the most
important is the preparation of documents using a word processor. The use of computer
accounting legislation also includes processing to produce weekly and monthly reports, keep
records of payments consulting, the diary for the latest attorney information consumers about the
various court procedures and also to keep records of users.

As this area is very complicated, it is the need to retrieve the required information either on the
journal of law, an important case, scale, and statistics or important decisions for the purpose of
making the decision to retain legal data bank. Thus the use of one computer will help lawyers and
trainee lawyers and law students find relevant data without wasting time and get better service.

Government sector is one of the largest users of computer usage practices in implementing
administrative matters. All the necessary data can be obtained in a short time such as information
about people, services, economic planning, and land development projects and for planning and
decision making. Through long-term weather forecasting computer can now be done. With tie
loss of life can be because of better information and faster.

“The success of Neil Am strong on July 23, 1969 landing on the moon is also made possible with
the help of computers used to design spacecraft, space for clothes astronauts, and flight
schedules”. This shows the very important use of computers in the field of space transportation.
Service tax and income tax collection were simplified by using the computer. Keeping records of
taxpayers who do it manually, and bring many problems have been addressed with the use of
computer and services can make the task more efficiently and quickly.

Similarly, in the military, use of computer store inventory held until the war simulation on the
screen. Computers are also used to follow the movement of the enemy in the border areas. Traffic
flow can be managed effectively by detecting the direction of traffic using the many tools of
detection. In this way, if there are more vehicles from one direction, the computer will let the
green light goes on for a suitable period of time.

“In the field of transport, Cosmos- 11 introduced by Mass by providing facilities for passengers
to know the status including those booking hotel reservations, from anywhere in the world”.
Similarly, business owners and vehicle registration can be performed with the use of computers.
Many of all administrative affairs are managed by using the computer. This not only saves time
but can do all things more practical.

Now the computer can be programmed to play music. Places of entertainment with music
controlled by computer are cheaper and can be used at any time. Computers are also used to
arrange the order of dance and music. Each game requires movement. Movement can best be
obtained by a detailed analysis of a physical system.

Computers also can be programmed to depict images of high quality. Drawing using the
computer speeds up the process of creating. The work of art can be done and made a review in a
short time compared with traditional Kedah. Cartoon films produced by computers have grown so
widely.

Microcomputer use also home to control the safety and control of air conditioning and lighting.
The use of computers in the home allows housewife to get the latest information about fashion
and can make orders to use supermarket with and video. In addition to budget planning and
inventory at home. This is all to do with a microcomputer that is connected to the national data
bank. Children can use computers to learn about school subjects or educational games. But it is
clear that computers have become machines of information in our society.

The rapid development of science and technology has changed the pattern of life now.
Everything, processing, gathering information, or any aspects of the various areas that were
previously done manually, which gives a lot of risks has to be made more effective, faster, and
more practical with the application or use of information technology or computer. Covering the
use in various fields including business, financial institutions, industry, education, administration
and other fields have the desire to realize develop each country.

The fact is, computers have become the heart and backbone of society today. Whatever the field,
computing has a lot of people taken over the task. It will not only help in the calculations, store
information, detect a decision also to increase efficiency and productivity. But they said it is now
clear that the use of computers has been widely practised and used. In line with globalization and
the borderless world, a computer is a machine in the information society is also the main artery of
all machinery administration in any field.

Honesty Always Pays / Honesty is

the Best Policy
A poor widow was living nearby a river in a tumble-down hut. For, she had no wood to burn for
warmth and no food to eat. Anxo is the name of the boy that she is totally dependent on for food
and wood. She would ask the little boy to go fetch wood for warmth and food to eat. The boy is
small but hardworking and honest. He runs, jumps barefoot, crosses a river in search of
wood. Rarely luck favoured him that he returns home with food that fills both his mother’s and
his stomach.

One day during one of his trips in search of food, he comes across a crooked stone. Assuming the
stone is dying because of the cold, he removes his jacket and covers the stone. Soon, he rushes
home and explains his mother about the stone. Anoxo’s mother gets angry and scolds him saying
that he is being foolish thinking a stone will die of cold. Soon, she commands him to bring his
jacket back.

Little Anxo rushes back to the woods to collect his jacket. To his surprise, he finds the stone has
grown bigger in size and a closer look at the stone reveals a box of silver coins under it. Little
Anxo, believes the money is stolen money and hence he throws the box full of silver coins into
the river. All coins reach the bottom of the river except for one which stays afloat. The boy
believing the coin is honest, collects it and reaches home. He explains his mother the entire
story. The mother gets frustrated and kicks him out shouting at him. She commands him to fetch
his own food and shelter going forward. Little Anxo, feeling sad reaches a merchant named
Benehero and starts working for him. He would collect wood and cook for the rich merchant.

One day the merchant sets off on a trip and asks the small boy what he wants from the foreign
land. The boy gives him the silver coin and requests the merchant to buy anything that is worth
the silver coin. The merchant after finishing his business sets foot on his ship to return
home. Suddenly, he remembers that he needed to buy something for the boy. He comes across
an old woman who was dumping a cat into the sea. The merchant purchases the cat from the old
woman for the silver coin and sails off.

Because of stormy weather, he had to lay down the anchor in some unknown foreign
land. People at the land had difficulty eating food because of rats. The merchant then fetches the
cat and releases on the foreign land. Rats run for their lives and the foreign land becomes rat-
free. The locals beg the merchant for the services of a cat. The merchant agrees to provide the
cat’s service for six hundred silver coins and makes the land rat-free. He reaches home and hands
away from the money and cat to the boy beside getting him married to his daughter as Little
Anxo is now richer than the merchant himself.

Man Never Satisfies with What he

has
Success always motivates a person. That’s why humans are always in a race to get more and
more. Whereas, some people want to enjoy and satisfy with what they have. Personally, I think
human never get satisfied and always hungry to get more and different. This essay will look at
some of for and against of satisfaction of person’s need.

There are many factors influencing my views. Firstly, a successful person’s expectation of him
gets increased. He wants to explore himself more and more. Due to jealously factor also a person
wants more fame and status than others. For instance, a number of sportspersons besides sport get
indulge in an advertisement for acting. As they want to expand themselves into the acting field
also.

Moreover, due to the wide range of competition everyone is in a race to prove themselves better
and perfect. Besides, as an ideal mind is the devil’s home. So people do not want to let them free.
So they try different experiments in their life. Also, due to advancement in technology they want
to learn more and different.

Every coin has two sides. Likewise, some people have opposite views. In their opinion, people
get satisfied at some certain age of life. They want to enjoy their success and achievement with
their near and dear ones. To get stability in life they stop catching more things. Another point is,
also due to so many tension and pressure they want to take rest in life.
In a nutshell, I would like to say that different people think differently. In this particular case also,
on a whole, we cannot support or go against either of two sides completely but still, I think
person never get satisfied in his life. They always greed more and more.

Cheating Habit among

Examinations
One of the most common features of examinations is the involvement of students in cheating.
When students fail to prepare themselves well before an examination, they resort to cheating.

It is true that whenever rules are made, there are people who break them. An examination is a test
where no one is allowed to consult the other and each question has to be answered by the child
himself. Knowing the fact that this can’t be done, students cheat.

Cheating seems to delight the students but he ignores the fact that he is simply cheating his own
conscience. He may go ahead and cheat but at some point in time, it definitely haunts him.

Cheating in exams is the curse our society is confronted with today. Students normally don’t
work hard and don’t complete their studies. They join college just for enjoyment. When the time
comes, they try to get a degree by cheating. In cheating, students, teachers, parents all are
involved.

The habit of Cheating in exams can direct students in an unhealthy direction. It often results in
students losing interest in the classes which they choose to cheat in. A numerous number of
students who cheat tend not to pay attention in class since they plan on cheating.

Some students do not listen to lectures, read, or put forth any effort to do class work at all. That
negative manner usually results in the student not learning anything. Students who cheat on tests
are only hurting themselves. They would most likely need the information from the class to be
successful in classes that will follow. Many college students pay for their education, and by
cheating, they are carelessly throwing away their money.

Students while away their time throughout the year and then become desperate when the
examination approaches. Cheating is a short-cut to success.

However, in cheating the teachers, the students may pass the examination but he will never learn
what was actually taught and he will always remain behind his class in every way.

It is interesting to see how students cheat. They plan the method for cheating. They write notes on
slips of paper or scribble something on their palms or thighs. They stick notes into their socks and
under their shirts.

Some even write down full answers on pieces of paper. Some carry their answers to the toilet and
leave the slips of paper there. In the course of the examination, they go to the toilet and consult
the sheets to locate the correct answers.

At Universities also cheating is a common practice. It is often accompanied by violence. Students

carry pistols or knives with them and cheat openly. They scare the invigilator away by terrorizing
him with the gun.

There is mass copying at times and such cases are dealt with, very severely. Police protection is
sometimes provided to the invigilators.
Cheating greatly mars the sanctity of the examination. The exam is really a good means of
evaluating one’s knowledge of all that is taught and it is, in fact, a good thing for students.

This is something students realize later in their lives. But while they are still students, they
continue to adopt such unfair means of passing the examination and bring a great deal of harm to
their school and most of all to themselves.

Even in some cases, teachers accept bribes and while conducting exams they allow the candidates
to cheat. Parents give a lot of money to their children for bribing teachers. In fact, these students
are snatching the right of industrious and intelligent students.

Teachers who should work to end this habit are involved in this habit. Parents should try to instil
hard work and honesty in the characters of the students. Nothing is impossible if we work hard.
You can achieve what we want. You can get marks by cheating but your conscious will never
forgive you.

As Muslims, our religion does not allow us to steal and cheating which is no less than robbery
and theft. Efforts and hard work develop talents and laziness destroy them. Always achieve your
degree through hard work. It does not matter if you fail at your attempt. You should try again.
That is the key to success.

Terrorism and Pakistan (This Essay

Covers Terrorism in Pakistan from
Different Aspects)
Terrorism is often construed as a well-thought-out, extreme form of violence to perceived
injustices. The after effects of terrorism are usually reported without understanding the
underlying psychological and social determinants of the terrorist act.

Since ‘9/11’ Pakistan has been at the epicentre of both terrorism and the war against it. This
special paper helps to explain the psychosocial perspective of terrorism in Pakistan that leads to
violent radicalisation. It identifies the terrorist acts in the background of Pakistan’s history,
current geopolitical and social scenario. The findings may also act as a guide on addressing this
core issue.

Most nations are unable to reach a consensus on a legally binding definition of ‘terrorism.’ The
term seems emotionally charged and, as such, governments have been devising their own
definitions. So far the United Nations has been unable to devise an internationally agreed-upon
definition of terrorism.

Terrorism is suggested to be ‘the use of intimidation or fear for the advancement of political
objectives’. Since the ‘9/11’ incident, Muslim countries, in particular, feel emotionally threatened
with the word terrorism and perceive it as synonymous with the acts of terror carried out by so-
called Muslim extremist groups. This is further complemented in the media by the unjust linking
of such horrendous terror attacks to Islamic Jihad.

Terrorism has brought an enormous burden on South Asian countries through the adverse impacts
on their social, economic, political and physical infrastructure. Pakistan has suffered particularly
excessively from the social, economic and human costs due to terrorism.
Surprisingly, Pakistan is portrayed as being on the front line in the international war against
terrorism and at the same time has been wrongly labelled as a sponsor of international terrorism.
Terrorism in Pakistan is a multidimensional phenomenon and, among many precipitating factors,
the psychosocial factors play an important role. This paper attempts to address what we believe
are significant psychosocial determinants to terrorism in Pakistan.

Pakistan is a Muslim-majority nation in southeast Asia with India to its east, Iran and Afghanistan
to its west, China and the landlocked Asian countries to its north and the Arabian Sea to its south.
Pakistan gained independence from British colonial rule in 1947 and is the only Muslim country
with nuclear weapons – a nuclear device was detonated in 1998 – and is thus part of the
informally named ‘nuclear club.’ Pakistan is a federation of four provinces (Punjab, Sindh,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Balochistan), a capital territory (Islamabad) and a group of
federally administered tribal areas in the north-west, along with the disputed area of Azad Jammu
and Kashmir.

Pakistan is the world’s sixth most populous country with an average population density of 229
people per km2 (World Bank indicators. Since independence in 1947, Pakistan has been
challenged not only by the trauma inflicted by its colonial occupiers but also by the mass murder
of people migrating to the ‘new’ country. Hundreds of thousands of people were killed, looted,
raped or burnt alive. At the same time, the stability of this fledgling country was significantly
hampered by the lack of resources. Just a few years later, due to political instability and separatist
movements and terrorism, the east wing of the country was separated from Pakistan; this paved
the way to the creation of a new country, Bangladesh, in 1971.

The Soviet-Afghan war, which began in 1979, provided a breeding ground for terrorism in the
region. A fundamental change was witnessed that altered the very character of the existing
Pakistani society. Withdrawal of the Soviets revealed a Pakistani society that had been forced into
one of violence and weaponisation, plaguing Pakistan with so-called ‘Kalashnikov culture’ and
‘Talibanisation’.

Pakistan’s social landscape has for the most part been plagued with illiteracy, disease, insecurity
and injustice. Since the 9/11 incident, Pakistan has been intricately linked with the many facets of
the ‘war on terrorism.’ Some argue that Pakistan is a breeding ground for terrorist outfits, but it is
certain that all of this havoc has resulted in the significant loss of innocent lives as well as the loss
of economic revenue. These fragile conditions provide a fertile ground for terrorism to grow.

The act of carrying out terrorist activity does not come from a single moment of inspiration but
rather from a complex process of cognitive accommodation and assimilation over accumulating
steps. It is wrongly reduction is to label the terrorists as mad or psychopaths.

Terrorists’ motivation may involve a deep, underlying quest for personal meaning and
significance. Several analyses of such motives have appeared in recent years. There are
differences in these analyses regarding the type and variety of motivational factors identified as
critical to terrorism. Some authors identified a singular motivation as crucial; others listed a
‘cocktail’ of motives.

The socioeconomic adversity combined with political challenges were bound to have a
detrimental impact on the psyche of the average Pakistani. A terrorist adopts a dichotomous way
of identifying their victims, the black-and-white thought that ‘I am good’ and ‘you are evil,’ with
no intermediary shades of grey. This thinking leaves no doubt in their minds and they find it
easier to kill their opponents with little or no sense of remorse or guilt.
The unmanned army drone strikes killed and maimed thousands of innocent civilians in poor and
difficult to access regions of Pakistan. This infuriated people, leading them to take up arms
against the perceived aggressors. This triggering of the relatives of the deceased to engage in such
activity is the culture of revenge in Pakistan, which unfortunately can last for generations.

Self-sacrifice and martyrdom have been explicitly used in almost all religions and is aggressively
exploited by terrorist outfits who groom suicide bombers using the ideology of Islamist
martyrdom. Some have argued that suicide bombers may actually be clinically suicidal and
attempting to escape personal impasse.

In grooming young impressionable adolescents, extremist organisations brainwash these

adolescents into believing that the ultimate self-sacrifice by suicide bombing will elevate their
stature in the eyes of God and send them straight to heaven. This is associated with massive
financial compensations to the deceased family.

Terrorist organisations in Pakistan, through this process of brainwashing, have been able to
convert young impressionable Muslim adolescents into a ‘suicide bomber in six weeks’. In the
current scenario of the existing war on terror, this complex process of recruiting young
adolescents as suicide bombers seems irreversible.

In the West, Madrassas (Islamic religious schools) have gained a reputation of being a sinister
influence on young impressionable Muslims. These institutions are not completely regulated and
can vary from a single room to large institutions offering schooling and boarding to hundreds of
students at a time. A survey of just over 50000 households in Pakistan found that children in

Urdu-medium government schools and madrassas were from poorer households than those in
English-medium private schools. The primary reason for parents to send their children to
madrassas as opposed to mainstream schools was that these institutions provided a good Islamic
education. The second most common reason was that the madrassa provided education that is low
in cost along with the provision of food and clothing.

Another survey indicated that in Pakistan only a minority of the religious schools promoted an
extremist view of Islam (Bano, 2007). Interrogation of 79 terrorists involved in anti-Western
attacks found that very few had attended a madrassa. This suggests that terrorist groups may
selectively recruit better-qualified people for technically demanding tasks (Bergen & Pandey,
2006). However, the religious seminaries have been implicated as playing the role of recruitment
centres for the suicide bombers (Nizami et al, 2014).

In an effort to break this incorrect perception the Darul Uloom Deoband, the largest Islamic
seminary in the world hosted an anti-terrorism conference in 2008. This was attended by 6000
Imams declaring that ‘Islam is a religion of mercy for all humanity. Islam sternly condemns all
kinds of oppression, violence and terrorism. It has regarded oppression, mischief, rioting and
murder among sins and crimes’.

However, it is yet to be ascertained how many religious schools in Pakistan adopted this school of
thought. With the revolution in the world of information technology, experts agree that the
internet played an important role in the radicalisation and self-recruitment process into terrorist
groups. Messages and videos on jihadi websites target the ‘soft spots’ of potential recruits and
inflame their imagination.

With both mental disorder and terrorism in Pakistan being highly prevalent, it would be a fair
assumption that the two may have a causal relationship. Walter Laqueur wrote that ‘all terrorists
believe in conspiracies by the powerful, hostile forces and suffer from some form of delusion and
persecution mania…The element of… madness plays an important role in terrorism’.
However, apart from certain pathological cases, a causal connection between an individual’s
mental disorder and engagement in terrorist activity could not be established. However, there can
be a connection between an individual engaging in terrorist activity and developing a mental
disorder as mental disorders worsen in stress, anxiety and depression.

The adverse impacts of terrorism lead the masses to anomie and create a tendency towards
suicide and mental illnesses. Poor health, depressive symptoms, risky behaviours in young adults,
personality variables, social inequalities, criminality, social networks and international foreign
policy have all been proposed to be influential drivers for grievances that lead to radicalisation
and terrorism.

It may well be that individuals with mild depression would be a better target for gradual
psychological moulding. Female suicide bombers who are predominantly motivated by revenge
as opposed to their male counterparts may have some degree of clinical depression. Personality
traits are useless as predictors for understanding why people become terrorists. However,
personality traits and environmental conditions are the contributing factors for terrorism. There
are protective and modifiable risk factors early on the path towards radicalisation. The benefits of
early intervention have far-reaching implications for preventing significant depressive symptoms,
promoting wellbeing and perhaps social capital.

By understanding, appreciating and addressing the psychosocial factors contributing to terrorism

in Pakistan, one may find long-lasting solutions to the fall out on Pakistan’s war against terror.
This war has led to a loss of innocent human lives, compounded by the deep psychological scars
for survivors which will undoubtedly persist for generations to come.

An ongoing, concerted effort to gain peace and security in the region is essential and is the only
way to counteract the revenge attacks and further brainwashing of young impressionable youths.
These psychological determinants, however, are markedly different than terrorist activities in
Western countries, where it seems that a different set of psychological rules apply.

(Earthquake) Disasters in Pakistan

Pakistan is facing natural disasters since its inception. The different kinds of disasters like; floods,
earthquakes and droughts. The flood in 1972, was the most destructive and catastrophic that made
homeless more than five millions people.

Then in 2010, the severity of this natural calamity was more than in the past. One-fourth part of
Pakistan was affected by this flood and more than ten million people remained homeless. The
south part of the country, which is agriculture based and has poor people, faced its worst history.

In 2005, earthquake in northern areas hit the vast population, almost a million people died and
five million lost their homes, properties and business. These disasters effects every tier of life as
economic, social, financial and agricultural. Pakistan’s economy that was already in the worst
conditions, has become poorer than the past.

The growth of Pakistan’s economy in 2006-2007 was almost 6% annually, but now it is only 3%.
The flood of 2010 has severally smashed the agriculture sector which is the backbone of Pakistan.
More than 60% population of the country depends upon the agriculture sector. The exports like
textile goods, wheat and fruits etc of the country is also directly attached to this sector. So that
industrial sector to has been gone one step back instead of ahead.
There is less aid from the international community because of the world’s financial crisis, so it
makes harder for Pakistan to meet its future developmental targets. Now Pakistan has to cut its
developmental budget and has to reconstruct the destructive areas.

Therefore, the need of the hour is that the government should take steps to control these
calamities. It should build dams and embankments to save populated areas and early warning
system and shifting of people to a save place.

Economic Situation in Pakistan

Many discussions regarding the deteriorating situation of the Pakistani economy have surfaced
since the devaluation of Pakistani rupee against the US dollar in the domestic market.
Subsequently, oil prices increased significantly by 9.5pc, which caused an uproar within the
nation. While some politicians and journalists have started to criticise the last government for this
situation and they have, in turn, defended themselves by putting the entire blame on the prior
ones, many people are concerned about how Pakistan will run in the future and what steps should
be taken to improve this economic blight.

Currently, Pakistan’s economy is going through a rough patch. Some economic parameters are
declining while others remain somewhat stagnant. The resultant situation is worrisome as slow
economic growth and increasing fiscal imbalance is preventing the government to cater to the
needs of the growing population.

The Pakistani rupee has been devaluing since December 2017 and has lost almost reached 157
Vs. Dollar by now. While, in December, the value of rupee per US dollar was almost 105 but it
observed a steep rise reaching 119.84 in June 2018. This was a great shock to the macroeconomic
situation as it gave rise to many more problems our economy is currently facing.

According to data combined by Bloomberg, the Pakistani rupee was Asia’s worst-performing
currency this year. Some analysts expect the currency to drop further. Standard Chartered PLC
predicts that the rupee will fall to 125 per dollar by the end of the year and International
Monetary Fund may request authorities to weaken it even further.

Currency devaluation has further speculated that the country might need support from the IMF as
reported by the organisation itself according to which Pakistan’s external debt is expected to
climb up to 103 billion dollars by June 2019. Pakistan’s public debt would remain higher than the
limit prescribed in the revised Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act. CPEC related
outflows have elevated current account deficit and risen external debt servicing and this may lead
to higher external financing needs in the future.

The country requires paying $12 billion in the first half of 2018 as per its liabilities. Gross fiscal
financing needs will likely exceed 30pc of GDP from 2018-19 onwards, in part reflecting
increased debt service obligations. All this has led to growing challenges to arrange foreign loans.
The IMF also said that “While the level of external debt has remained moderate, continued
mobilisation of external financing at favourable rates could become more challenging in the
period ahead against the background of rising international interest rates and increasing financing
needs”.

Moreover, our foreign exchange reserves are eroding. Foreign exchange reserves held by the
State Bank of Pakistan were shrinking by 3pc on a weekly basis, according to data released by the
central bank in the month of May. The decrease in reserves was attributed to external debt
servicing and other official payments. Reserves have dropped by about a fifth in the past year to
reach $13.5 billion. Zubair Ghulam Hussain, chief executive officer at Insight Securities Pvt in
Karachi, has said “It was becoming increasingly difficult to manage the local currency at the
current level with dropping forex reserves’’. The nation’s current-account deficit had become
sizable and foreign debt repayment obligations are also rising. CPEC investments could
accelerate the build-up of related external payment obligations, deteriorating Pakistan’s capacity
to repay at a faster pace. Furthermore, faster depletion of foreign exchange reserves will have
adverse effects on economic growth. A further decline in reserves is predicted even after $2.5
billion of borrowing.

The World Bank states that Pakistan’s inflation is expected to rise in the fiscal year 2018-2019
and will remain high till the fiscal year 2020. The outcome of the devaluation of Pakistan rupee
against US dollar in the domestic market incidentally coincided with a rise in the crude oil prices
in the global market resulting in an upward trend in oil prices from January 2018. The trend will
cause an increase in the manufacturing and transportation cost resulting in a price hike of all the
commodities produced locally.

Apart from this, the country’s economy is facing a sizable increase in current account deficit and
fiscal deficit. The IMF states “In the absence of strong consolidation measures, the fiscal deficit is
expected to remain close to 6pc of GDP in the medium term, resulting in elevated debt
levels”.Current account deficit is expected to remain under stress as the trade deficit is predicted
to stay at an elevated level during the fiscal year 2018-19. The influx of foreign shipments,
however, remains on the higher side due to heavy imports of machinery and other construction
material for multi-billion dollar projects under CPEC.

On the other hand, the balance of payments issue may pose very serious risks to the economy
during the next fiscal year, mostly because of ballooning deficits and erosion in foreign exchange
reserves down the line. Keeping in view the liquidity position, the government may be left with
no choice but to cut its non-development and administrative expenditures to reduce the fiscal
deficit. The State Bank predicts that external and fiscal accounts will remain under pressure
because of an increase in import demand and public spending by provincial governments to
complete development projects before the upcoming general elections. Pakistan is also facing low
levels of foreign direct investment which increased just by 5pc to $2.41 billion in the fiscal year
ended on 30 June 2017 as compared to $2.30 billion in the previous year.

However, there is no major change in extreme issues like electricity and gas shortage,
unemployment and poverty. The supply of power to industrial and residential consumers is
expected to improve considerably with new power plants likely to become operational in 2018
and beyond. Moreover, developments like import of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to improve the
shortage of gas for the industrial sector and the addition of a second LNG terminal at Port Qasim
would go a long way in boosting the economy. Furthermore, recent economic developments have
helped the country’s GDP growth by 0.8 percentage points over the previous year, touching 5.4pc
in the fiscal year 2017.

Presently, the caretaker government admits that it is facing daunting economic challenges. The
problem which arises here is that the role of the caretaker government is largely ceremonial and
they are constitutionally given limited decision-making power on major policy issues. Their
primary responsibility is to hold elections on time and to ensure the day-to-day affairs of
government continue apace during the interim between successive governments.

Thus the issue of primary importance to be addressed by the new government is to take Pakistan
out of this vicious circle. The challenge is to see whether Imran Khan sticks to his vows of not
taking any further loan from the IMF or the new ruling party would have no choice but to resort
to procuring more heaps of dollars to run the country’s economy.`
 Necessity is the Mother of Invention
“Necessity is the mother of invention”, is the English proverb written by the unknown author in
1591. It is used by various people in their books with different wording and different language
but having the same meaning that necessity compels people to invent new things.

Since the beginning, people are creating and inventing some creations and inventions for
fulfilling the basic requirements of them. When people were afraid of darkness they created a fire
when they felt hungry started to cook food on fire, when they felt hot or cold started to make a
house for shelter, the idea of agriculture led them to build plough and hoe, etc. To reach
somewhere faster from one place to another by the way of land, people brought the idea of using
wheels and by the way of water, they invented boat. These were the primary inventions for
fulfilling the basic needs of people.

Later on, the technological inventions were created which have changed the condition of the
entire world completely. The invention of the electric bulb was one of the major creations by a
human being which led many more creations in future like gravitational force, the idea of steam
behind the making of railway engine and creation of the telephone was some of the biggest
achievements by people. Achievement in the technology of photography was the continuous
efforts of various people and later this technology became the source for new inventions like
television and cinematography.

The idea of going somewhere by air was the matter of laugh at that time but the famous scientists
“The Wright Brothers” made it possible by making glider for flying in the sky. Thus in order to
fulfil the needs or expectations, people have invented something new and exciting always and
made our life full of convenience and smoothness.

Though each and every invention was created and invented for the betterment of human life and
this proved almost in all cases either in the case of face to face conversation between people, who
are sitting at a far distance or to reach somewhere in less time covering the distance of thousands
of miles. Thus overall there is a positive effect of inventions on our lives but some inventions led
people to become lazy and more expected due to an increased number of appliances and
machined that helps us in doing our daily routine works.

In spite of above all, many social issues have been raised due to new inventions and technologies.
Each technology contains some bad effects too, if not used in a proper way like:

1. Pollution: Biggest loss of nature in terms of pollution, due to the increased number of
factories, industries, fuel operated vehicles, steamed engines, etc.
2. The increased population at a developed place: people get attracted by those places where
new technologies and techniques are operated like in Metro cities.
3. Child Labour: Advanced technology and an increased number of working places require
more man force and that led people to start their professional career as labour at a very low
age.
4. Chemical attack: Invention of hazardous chemicals led the invention of an atomic bomb like
nuclear and hydrogen bomb which can destroy the major part of the world in a few seconds.
5. Increased crime, offence and violence: Invention of gun, pistol, rifles and other weapons
become the reason for increased crime and violence in the whole world.
6. Inventions of drugs, alcohol has affected millions of people especially the youth who
sometimes forced to do the dangerous crime.
Invention happens to fulfil the need of people in some manner to make them comfortable and to
provide them with a kind of security in life. Without necessity, inventions are not possible. Use of
inventions should be in the right manner so that it can be beneficial for all and does not affect
people negatively.

Use of Internet in Young Generation

There is a saying among the baby boomer generation, that if you want to learn how to use
computers and the internet, go ask your grandchildren to teach you.

An estimated 100% of all young people use computers with more than 90% regularly using the
internet. Much of this internet use is tied to homework and websites needed to do research.
However, the internet is also the way most kids connect after school using social networks such
as MySpace or Facebook. The kids communicate through chat rooms and emails, while also
posting comments on their friends’ walls. Internet usage is so pervasive that many experts,
scientists and psychologist have begun to study what effect it has on the lives of young people in
general.

With so much social action taking place from behind a computer screen, adults and teachers are
concerned about the loss of social skills among young people. In other words, the ability to
communicate up close and personal with friends and family is becoming extinct. Young people
simply don’t know how to hold a conversation.

Take away a kid’s cell phone or computer and they tend to withdraw, don’t know what to do with
their hands, become sullen. Hours in front of a computer on the internet also lends to the obesity
problem plaguing America and the rest of the world. And a lack of exercise isn’t the only
physical problem. Eyesight wanes after long hours in front of a computer screen. Bad posture and
body pain can develop from long hours spent sitting, not the least of which is bad circulation in
the legs.

Many young people who spend a great of time in front of the computer are beginning to show
symptoms of disease and illness not usually seen until someone reaches middle age or senior
citizenship.

There are also many upsides to time spent in front of a computer. Young people today are able to
log on and talk to their counterparts growing up in other parts of the world. The internet literally
opens up the possibilities of world culture them enabling them to understand and to appreciate
diversity. Painfully shy people unable to hold a face to face conversations can go online and talk
for hours with someone elsewhere in the world, who may be in a similar situation at home.

The internet enables young people to find answers to questions that they may not feel comfortable
discussing with their parents and friends and teachers. An example of this might be sex education,
which is only given cursory attention in most American schools.

Painfully shy people unable to hold a face to face conversations can go online and talk for hours
with someone elsewhere in the world, who may be in a similar situation at home. The internet
enables young people to find answers to questions that they may not feel comfortable discussing
with their parents and friends and teachers. An example of this might be sex education, which is
only given cursory attention in most American schools.

Some studies have even shown that young people who regularly use the computer have better
reading skills, spatial skills and visual skills. The one drawback to being on the computer that it is
done in isolation, away from the watchful eyes of parents. Some of the information accessed may
not be good for young people. The younger mind may not be able to process the information
correctly. Parents should keep a watchful eye without seeming to smother their growing child’s
independence.

Like all things in life, the internet is a two-edged sword, one edge good, the other edge bad.
Parents should use internet access as a teaching tool, helping their youngsters to understand the
duplicity involved in life in general including the internet and the world wide web.

The Holy Prophet Hazrat

Muhammad (SAWW)
Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the last prophet of Allah. He was born at Makkah in
571 A.D. His father Abdullah had died before he was born. He was brought up by his mother
Amena. Then he was brought up by his loving grandfather. Abdul Muttalib a chief of the Quraish.
But when he died after eight years his uncle Abu Talib undertook to look after him. He looked
after him more lovingly than his own children. He left no stone unturned to give him all the
facilities.

He was named Muhammad (PBUH) and someone asked Hazrat Abdul Mutalib the cause of
naming the child Muhammad he replied that one day the whole world will praise his grandson.
His hope came true.

A few days after his birth the child was put under the care of a nurse. Hazrat Haleema Saadia. She
took him to her desert home and looked after him for four years. The child brought luck and
happiness to the family of his nurse. She herself was very happy to bring him up.

Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) grew into a fine boy. He was very kind and gentle. He
was loved by the people. His boyhood, as well as his youth, was very pure and pious. People
called him Sadiq (truthful) and Amin (honest). From very early life became the symbol of truth
and honesty. He was a great example for others.

In his early youth, he earned his good name and fame HazratKhadeeja named Tahira a rich
widow of Makkah heard about his great virtues. She asked him to run his business. She was
greatly impressed by his fine qualities. She married him when he was 25. She proved to be the
most faithful and sincere wife. She stood by him through thick and thin she was 40 at the time of
marriage.

When the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was 40 the angel Gabriel brought him the first
message of God. He declared that he was a prophet of God. He began to preach Islam. In those
days the people of Arabia worshipped idols. They thought that those figures of stone and wood
are gods. Many Arabs killed their daughters as soon as they were born. They were always
fighting among themselves. They used to drink and gamble. In short, they were in darkness evil
had surrounded them. Bloodshed was very common. There was no love at all.

Islam is the religion of peace. The first thing it teaches that is safety and peace. So the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) told the people that idols were not gods. He asked the people to
worship the one True God. Their creator. He asked them to give up their bad ways. He asked
them not to tell lies not to drink not to gamble and not to bury their daughters alive. He told them
the simple ways to lead a better life in this world and the world hereafter.

When the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) started preaching during his period many battles
were fought against the infidels. Soon Islam overcame the whole of Arabia.
The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed away when he was 63. His sacred tomb is in
Madina. He showed the right way to the people of the whole world. He made his followers honest
pious kind and truthful. He is the last prophet of Allah.

We can succeed in this world and the world hereafter by following his teachings. His teachings
are not only for one Muslim but also for the whole universe.

My Favorite Book
A favourite is the one which is like the most. Different people have different choices. Some likes
story books like Detective Novels and other like science and fiction, poetry or prose.

I like reading all sorts of books but my choice for my favourite book is a different one. My
favourite book is the HOLY QURAN. It is a heavenly book. The Holy Quran revealed to HOLY
PROPHET S.A.W.Basically, it is in the Arabic language but it has been translated at most in
every language of the world.

I get satisfaction after reciting it. Every morning I recite the Holy Quran. I like to recite it with its
Urdu translation to understand its subject. There is a lot of information on it. Every Muslim has a
firm belief in it. It tells us about the life of two worlds.

“The Holy Quran is a complete code of life. One can find a solution to every problem. According
to the teaching of it. It not only deals with worldly affair but also with the affairs of the world
hereafter”.

It gives us complete guidance. There are clear instructions about our life in the Holy Quran.
Every aspect of our life has been completely discussed in detail in it, that is why we can not go
against its teachings.

The Holy Quran is the book which is mostly read in the world. Usually, a book is read once or
twice but the Holy Quran is read over and over again.t is the only book which, the largest number
of people has learnt by heart. They recite it during their prayers and especially during the month
of Ramzan. It is the only book which is recited even without knowing its meanings.

“It is the God who taught the use of pen to its creatures and taught them which they knew
not.”(Holy Quran)

It is the book which tells us about the reward we can get if we do the good deals and which
punishment would be awarded in case of bad deeds. We can get physical as well as spiritual
aspirations. In short, the Holy Quran is not only for an individual or for a nation but it is also for a
whole universe. It is for everyone. It can bring revolution in man’s life.

“Books are not lifeless things they are powerful agents of good or evil”.

A Football Match
Football is one of the most popular games in the world. It is also one of the oldest games. It is a
game of strength and stamina. In terms of popularity, it is as popular as cricket. Comparatively, it
is more popular in Europe and Latin America.

Last Sunday, I got an opportunity to witness a football match which was played between Modern
School and Central School. The match was played at the playgrounds of Government Boys’
Higher Secondary School.
The entire ground was well decorated and a large number of chairs were arranged for the guests
and spectators. Both the teams were well-prepared and confident of their win. The ground was
full packed.

The match was to start at 1 p.m. Both the teams entered the ground on scheduled time. After the
toss, the referee blew the whistle and the match began. It was expected to be a well-contested and
lively match. Both the teams were expecting to score well. During the first few minutes, it was
the Modern School who dominated the match. They struck hard to the defences of their rival but
failed to score any goal. However, they performed brilliantly and the spectators enjoyed the
game.

The captain was very tactful and confident. He was hoping to turn the match in his favour. It was
his confidence that instilled new hope and energy in the team. His team was again in high spirit.
As a result, it overturned the match and gained control over it which was lost during the mid-
hour.

In the meantime, the team scored a goal. The goal was appreciated with thunderous applause. The
team was cheered by their supporters. Meanwhile, the right half of the Central School team was
badly injured due to which the captain had to play the double role throughout the entire game.
Within a few seconds, the first half was declared to be over by the referee.

The players took some rest and refreshments. They drew out strategies to beat their rival. There
was a loud noise in the playground. The supporters, rushed to the ground to cheer up the teams.

The match again started with the whistle of the referee. The team of Central School was equipped
with strategies to defeat the Modern School. But the players of School were all the more alert
particularly their goalkeeper was very tactful. The Modern School made pressure on its rival
during the first few minutes, by hitting one after another at the goal of the Central School but the
goalkeeper of the rival team was extraordinarily sharp and quick in kicking the goal back. The
game became very exciting and thrilling during the last minute.

At one time, the game appeared to be ended in a draw. It caused a morale-boosting to the losing
team. There were loud cheers from their supporters. Each of the team was trying its best to win
the match. The game was about to over but surprisingly the Central School scored a goal over
Modern School. This was a surprising win which caused a great sensation in the ground. There
were deafening cheers from its supporters, but the fighting spirit of the opposite team was also
being praised by all.

Overall the match was enjoyed greatly by the spectators.

Hazards of Science (This Essay

Covers Both Hazards and Benefits of
Science)
The last two centuries have seen monumental changes in our lives, brought forth by
advancements in science and technology. These advancements have their hazards and benefits in
society. It is these negative and positive impacts that this paper will be looking at. Right from the
days that men discovered how to make fire, discoveries have come streaming our way at an
amazing rate. Telephones, cars, rockets and computers have all been brought by science.
Undeniably these inventions have made our lives better and tolerable.
The benefits reaped through the inventions in medicine cannot be underscored or underestimated.
It has helped us to cope with our bodies and health in uncountable ways. The benefits of medicine
now can enable us to live a full life with the best health possible. Many epidemics in the early
days caused immeasurable human sufferings and losses of untold magnitude, and so too could
smallpox and polio have done had it not been for science, leading to a discovery of effective
vaccinations. Medicine is saving lives and giving patients a second chance to live. Heart surgery
and a transplant had always been unimaginable and a patient with a heart ailment was considered
to be living his/her last days. This however changed in the 20th century when the first heart
transplant was conducted by Bernard. Medicine continues to help us fight deadly diseases while
giving us an opportunity to take control of our lives. It is just but a matter of time that pandemics
such as AIDS and diabetes will have a cure.

These are just but a few examples of how medicine, occasioned by advents in science and
technology, is benefiting our lives. Technology continues to ease communication in a
phenomenal way. Looking at how far we have come amazes me even more- from the days of
drums and smoke to a completely different era of digital technology where almost everything is
done at the touch of a button. Now it is taking only a few seconds to communicate to somebody
you are separated with by seas and vast lands. The hallmark of these inventions in the
communication sector is the computer.

It has revolutionalized our lives in ways that could not have been imagined before. Storage and
retrieval of data have improved a lot, analysis of data and events is only now a matter of seconds.
Telegraphs and telefaxes came but now they have been undertaken by the internet and mobile
phones. The Internet has also revolutionized research and information access which has become
cheaper and fast. Business transactions are now completed at the touch of a key through e-
commerce saving a great amount of time.

The entertainment industry has not been left behind, with greater inventions seeking to improve
the comfort and luxury of a modern person. Looking also at the citizen security and protection
also highlights the benefits of science and technology. It is now possible to predict earthquakes,
foul weather and other natural calamities that may befall humanity. This ensures that people raise
their level of preparedness. In the energy field, experts are looking into new sources of renewable
energy.

With the day to day dangers and risks of ozone layer depletion, a fossil fuel which is the lead
cause of environmental depletion could soon be replaced by more clearer and efficient hydrogen,
which will be a permanent non-polluting source of energy. It is clear for all to see how the
inventions in science and technology continue to benefits society in a great way. However, it is a
two-edged razor that also leads to adverse effects in ways that can lead to a miserable end to
humanity.

Our world today is trying to grapple with how to cope with the hazards caused by the ever-
expanding inventions in science and technology. Developments in the science and technology
sector in the last centuries have seen an increase of global warming occasioned by the continued
depletion of the ozone later-a thin layer protecting the earth from the harmful radiations of the
sun. This is greatly caused by; continued use of fossil fuel, air transportation and green house
technology in farming just to mention a few. This has led to a change in climatic patterns, making
it unpredictably hazardous to humanity.

The increased cases of earthquakes, droughts, floods and desertification have been attributed to
global warming. Another example of the hazards brought forth by science and technology is the
improvements of inventions in the art of warfare. The 20th century evidenced major inventions in
weaponry used in the first and second world wars. The invention of the ground and ballistic air
missiles and most importantly the nuclear and biological warheads transformed warfare to
another level. For the first time, human beings were faced with the reality that they could fight
themselves to extinction.

This was demonstrated when the United States of America responded to the Pearl Harbor attack
by the Japanese. They reiterated by using nuclear bombing the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
expunging thousands of lives and wounding many more. This is a living example of how science
and technology can lead to a hazardous end of humans. All in all, many people are on agreement
that the few isolated hazards that can result from science and technology cannot water down the
benefits arising from the same. A simple cost-benefit analysis indicates that humanity stands to
gain more as inventions in science and technology continue to be realized.

Beauties of Nature
Nature is the natural environment which surrounds us, cares us and nourishes us every moment. It
provides us with a protective layer around us to prevent from the damages. We are not able to
survive on the earth without nature like air, land, water, fire and sky.

Nature includes everything around us like plants, animals, river, forests, rain, lake, birds, sea,
thunder, sun, moon, weather, atmosphere, mountain, desserts, hills, ice, etc. Every form of nature
is very powerful which has the ability to nourish as well as destroy us.

Now a day, everyone has less time to enjoy nature. In the increasing crowd, we forgot to enjoy
nature and improve health. We started using technological instruments for our health fitness.
However, it is very true that nature has the power to nourish us and fit us forever.

Most of the writers have described the real beauty and advantage of nature in their writings.
Nature has the ability to make our mind tension free and cure our diseases. Because of
technological advancement in the life of human being, our nature is declining gradually which
needs a high level of awareness to keep it in balance and to conserve natural assets.

God has created everything very beautifully seeing which our eyes can never be tired. But we
forgot that we too have some responsibility towards our nature to the relationship between nature
and human beings. How beautiful scenery it looks in morning with sunrise, songs of birds, sounds
of lakes, rivers, air and happy gatherings of friends in the evening in the garden after a long day
of crush. But we forgot to enjoy the beauty of nature in just fulfilling our duties towards our
families.

Sometimes during our holidays, we spend our whole day by watching TV, reading the newspaper,
playing indoor games or on the computer but we forgot that outside the door we can do
something interesting in the lap of nature and natural environment. Unnecessarily we left on all
the lights of home, we use electricity without need which ultimately increases the heat in the
environment called global warming.

Our other activities like cutting trees and forests increase the amount of CO2 gas in the
environment causing greenhouse effect and global warming. If we want to be happy and healthy
always we should try our best to save our planet and its beautiful nature by stopping our foolish
and selfish activities. In order to keep the ecosystem in balance, we should not cut trees, forests,
practice energy and water conservation and many more. Ultimately we are the real user of nature
so we should really take care of it.

Is Luxury an Evil
Two diametrically opposite opinions prevail on this question. According to some, all expenditure
on luxury is wicked; while, according to others, everyone who buys expensive luxuries thereby
encourages trade, and deserves to be extolled as a benefactor of the working classes.

Both of these two opposite views may be supported by plausible arguments. When a rich man
spends a thousand pounds on a picture, it is not unnatural for his poor neighbour to say: “The
money spent on this picture might have supplied me with good food and warm clothes for the rest
of my life.”

Or, taking a more comprehensive instance, it may be said that the money spent in the world by
the rich on jewellery alone, would probably be enough to purchase large and substantial houses
for the poor of all nations, who are now homeless or are crowded in the unhealthy slums of great
cities.

Is it not then cruelly selfish for the rich to spend on their luxuries what would be enough to
supply the poor with the necessaries of life? Reflections such as these have led many benevolent
men to give away in charity all their surplus wealth, only retaining for themselves what is
absolutely necessary for their subsistence.

Such men deserve all honour for their conduct and for the noble example of self-sacrifice that
they set before the world. But the world would hardly be benefitted if everybody followed their
example. If all luxury vanished from the world, mankind would be reduced to the life of savages.

They would be deprived of the pleasures of music, poetry, painting, and the greater part of the
earth would be converted into mines, ploughed land, and manufacturing cities full of factories,
and with no space left for parks, or flower-gardens, or recreation grounds.

In a world, nothing would be allowed on the face of the earth that merely gave pleasure, and
everything would be estimated by the lowest utilitarian standard. It requires little thought to see
that such a state of things would make life intolerable, and degrade men below the even of the
brutes.

Let us next consider how much truth there is in the opposite view Does a multi-benefit the
labouring classes more by spending two or three thousand pounds in wages to the labourers who
paint the walls and ceilings of his princely mansion, than if we’re to save the money?

The superficial observer sees that the money spent on the decoration of the rooms goes straight
into the pockets of a large number of labouring men; whereas the money saved is put into a bank
and seems to do no good to anybody but the owner, who presently receives interest from the
banker.

A moment’s reflection, however, shows that money saved and invested benefits the labouring
class as much as money spent on personal luxuries. Money invested in a railway pays the wages
of the workers engaged in the construction of the railway, and money put into a bank is probably
lent by the banker to a merchant or manufacturer.

Who without such assistance would not have enough ready money to pay all the labourers he
wishes to employ. Thus the miser who saves money benefits the labouring population just as
much as the spend-thrift who surrounds himself with every kind of luxury.

Political economists go a step further and show that sums of money spent on expensive luxury do
not benefit the labouring classes so much as money saved and invested in a company that
employs productive labour, and so adds permanently to the wealth of a country.
But this is rather too difficult a question to discuss here. It is enough to have shown on the one
hand that all luxury is not an evil, and, on the other hand, that the extravagant man, who
squanders his money on expensive luxuries, has no right to regard himself as a benefactor of the
poor.

We must, therefore, come to the conclusion that in luxury, as in most other matters, there is a
golden mean to be observed. It is quite right that the poor should seek a higher standard of
comfort, and try to secure a moderate amount of luxury for themselves and their families.

On the other hand, those rich men who satisfy their excessive love of luxury at the expense of
their health and their prosperity, deserve to be severely condemned for their imprudence.

But luxury is often something worse than imprudence. A rich man may by continual indulgence
in expensive pleasures come to lose all sympathy with his fellow-men, and excite the bitter hatred
of the poor by his ostentatious extravagance.

In this way, he not only becomes a narrow-minded egotist himself, but also, as far as in him lies,
embitters the relations between man and man, and helps to make envy, hatred and malice
predominate in the world over kindly feelings, sympathy and benevolence. Thus in the great
battle of life, he ranges himself on the side of evil against good.

Global Warming
What is global warming? Global warming is the average temperature of Earth has increased since
1950 until now the temperature continuing increasing. Global warming can also refer to climate
change that causes an increase in the average temperature. However global warming is caused by
natural events and human that are believed to contribute to the increase in average temperatures.

Global warming is a serious issue and is not a single issue but a number of environmental issues.
Global warming is a rise in the surface temperature of the earth that has changed various life
forms on the earth. The issues that cause global warming are divided into two categories include
“natural” and “human influences” of global warming.

The climate has continuously changed for centuries. The global warming happens because of the
natural rotation of the sun that changes the intensity of sunlight and moving closer to the earth.

Another cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are carbon monoxide
and sulphur dioxide it traps the solar heats rays and prevents it from escaping from the surface of
the earth. This has caused the temperature of the earth to increase.

Volcanic eruptions are another issue that causes global warming. For instance, a single volcanic
eruption will release the amount of carbon dioxide and ash to the atmosphere. Once carbon
dioxide increase, the temperature of earth increase and greenhouse trap the solar radiations in the
earth.

Finally, methane is another issue that causes global warming. Methane is also a greenhouse gas.
Methane is more effective in trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide by 20 times.
Usually methane gas can release from many areas. For instance, it can be from cattle, landfill,
natural gas, petroleum systems, coal mining, mobile explosion, or industrial waste process.

Human influence has been a very serious issue now because human does not take care of the
earth. A human that cause global warming is more than natural causes of global warming. The
earth has been changing for many years until now it is still changing because of modern lifestyle
of human. Human activities include industrial production, burning fossil fuel, mining, cattle
rearing or deforestation.

The first issue is the industrial revolution. Industrial have been using fossil fuels for power
machines. Everything that we use is involved in fossil fuel. For example, when we buy a mobile
phone, the process of making mobile phone have involved machines and machines uses fossil
fuels, during the process carbon dioxide is releasing to the atmosphere. Besides industrial,
transportation such as cars is also releasing carbon dioxide from the exhaust.

Another issue is mining. During the process of mining, the methane will trap below the earth.
Besides, rearing cattle will also cause methane because cattle released the form of manure.
However, cattle are important because it makes the latter equally responsible for the occurrence
of global warming

Next is the most common issue that is deforestation. Deforestation is a human influence because
humans have been cutting down trees to produce papers, wood, build houses or more. If human
continuing deforestation, carbon dioxide will concentrate in the atmosphere because trees can
absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Besides, human also releases carbon dioxide when
breathing. Therefore the amounts of millions of people breath have release carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere. If human continue deforestation, human breathing that release carbon dioxide will
stay at the atmosphere.

The greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for many years since hundreds of years ago.
However, the effect that global warming will cause on earth is extremely serious. There are many
effects that will happen in the future if global warming continues. That includes polar ice caps
melting, economic consequences, warmer waters and more hurricanes, the spread of diseases and
earthquake

The first effect is the polar ice caps melting. As the temperature increase, the ice at the North Pole
will melt. Once the ice melt the first effect will be raise on sea levels because the melting glaciers
become oceans. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center “if the ice melted today the
seas would rise about 230 feet”. It affects many low lying areas such as the Netherlands. In
future, the Netherlands will be cover by water once the North Pole is melted. However, it is not
going to happen so fast but the sea level will continue to rise.

Another effect is the species loss of habitat. Species that include polar bears and tropical frogs
will be extinct due to climate change. Besides, various birds will migrate to other places because
animals are not like humans. They cannot adapt to the habitat that changes their living or
temperature.

Next effect is more hurricanes will occur and economic consequences still affect as well.
Hurricane causes damage to houses and the government need to spend billions of dollars in
damage and people need places to stay or have been killed. Once a disaster happens many people
have died and diseases happen. Diseases are more serious because it can spread to other people
very fast and more people will get the disease and the disease maybe come more serious because
of different weather.

Now there are solutions that we can stop global warming. However, human and governments
need to move forward to implement global warming solutions. To reduce global warming we can
do to reduce the contribution of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Therefore, the solutions that
we can reduce global warming are reducing gasoline, electricity and our activities that cause
global warming.
To reduce gasoline mean we have a choice to choose a hybrid car that reduces using gasoline.
Besides, the petrol price is increasing. If a person everyday drives to work they need to pump
petrol after 3 days and causes carbon dioxide. Another way to reduce gasoline is to take public
transport or carpool to work. It can help reduce carbon dioxide and save cost.

Another way to reduce global warming is to recycle. Recycle can reduce garbage by reusing
plastic bags, bottles, papers or glass. For instance, when we buy foods, we can use our own
containers instead of plastic bags. Another example is after finish drinking the water from the
bottle; we can reuse it or use our own bottle. If all this is being reused, a human can reduce
deforestation and help save the environment. Besides, turn off electricity if unused. It can save
thousands of carbon dioxide and buy a product that has energy saving because it saves cost and
saves the environment.

Finally, humans should stop open burning such as burning dry leaves or burning garbage. It will
release carbon dioxide and toxic if burning garbage with plastic. Besides, the government should
reduce deforestation because earth temperatures are increasing. Trees will help to improve the
temperature on earth.

Overall of this assignment, I have understood that our earth is “sick”. We humans need to “heal”
the earth. Global Warming has caused many problems for human but we human who make global
warming happens. Many people have died because of disease or disaster. It also affects the
economics of the country. However, we need to reduce global warming by using less gasoline,
recycle and human should help to reduce global warming instead of making the earth temperature
increased. Our generation should start taking care of the earth because in the next generation they
will suffer if we do not do reduce global warming.

Importance of Forests
Forests are of great importance to any country and mankind as a whole. They contribute
significantly to the environment, economic and social well being of the country. The role of more
pronounced in a developing country like India, Forests are very important in the viewpoint of
ecological balance, agriculture, environment habitat for a large number of plant and animal
species and as natural prevention of soil erosion. Forest provides a large number of forest goods
like timber, firewood, fruits etc. the list is endless. Forests are home to a large number of tribes.
Forests attract tourists. In addition, they play an important role in the carbon cycle and add to the
aesthetic beauty of the region.

Forests are vital to the maintenance of a stable environment that is conducive to sustained
agricultural production. The forests protect and enrich the soil mantle by checking soil erosion.
Nutrient losses the forest brings the mineral nutrients from deep to the topsoil.

The forests are very important for the sustenance of wildlife and they play an important role in
the food chain. It plays an important role in the water cycle also. They check the flow of running
water and cause to percolate through the soil and increasing underground water level.

Forest-related activities are often a primary source of income for the landless rural families’
collection of timber, firewood and other forest products.

The importance of forests has been realized all over the world now. Large deforestation for
timber, for agriculture or dwelling, houses the concern in the mind scale of every vigilant person.
In recent times a large number of environment-friendly non-govt organizations have come up in
order to protect the forest and environment.
Owing to the numerous benefits and the products of the forests it can be easily stated that forests
are one of the invaluable gifts of nature to man. They are an indispensable part of our earth’s
ecological system and if the cover of the forest of the earth is not kept intact, the very existence of
life on the earth will be at stake.