1) What physical factors influence where people live in your country?

70% of the population tends to cluster around Southwestern Iceland near their capital city,
Reykjavik. Icelanders lead in utilisation of marine resources and tourism therefore, a majority of
the population is also located near the coasts of Iceland. The coasts provide transportation for
tourism, food, and other resources for Iceland. The climate in Iceland is very cold, windy, and
cloudy overall, but Southwestern Iceland is deemed to be a more habitable area for people than
other parts of Iceland. In inland areas, glaciers and plateaus can be found where temperature goes
down with the altitude so many people don’t inhabit these areas. The Norweigen Sea and the
Atlantic Ocean surround Iceland; they both provide excellent sources of transportation as well.
2) Explain Arithmetic Density and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Arithmetic Density is the total number of people divided by the total land area. The Arithmetic
Density of Iceland is approximately ​8.507​ which is relatively low compared to other countries in
Europe.
3) Explain Physiological Density and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
The Physiological Density of a country is the number of people per unit area of arable land. The
Physiological Density of Iceland is ​26.5. Meaning about 25 people live on a single unit of arable
land.
4) Explain Agricultural Density and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Agricultural Land Density compares the number of farmers per unit of arable land. For example,
Iceland contains about 4,000 farmers. Iceland’s statistics for arable land is 12720 km. The
Agricultural Density of Iceland is 3.18.
5) How has population affected the distribution of medical care in your country?
To start off, Iceland has a relatively small population compared to other countries. It is also one
of the highly developed countries on the scale which means Iceland has the proper medication to
treat any diseases the people may have in that country. The prices are relatively lower in Iceland
for medication and even gave out free medication to the elderly at one point.
6) Explain Crude Birth Rate and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Crude Birth Rate is the number of births per every 1,000 people. The crude birth rate was said to
be 12, as of 2016. This is considered to be a very low Crude Birth Rate.
7) Explain Crude Death Rate and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Crude Death Rate is the number of deaths per every 1,000 people. The Crude Death Rate is 6.9.
Which is also relatively low.
8) Explain Natural Increase Rate and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
The Natural Increase Rate can be found by subtracting Crude Death Rate from Crude Birth Rate.
The Natural Rate of Increase is 0.61 percent for Iceland. This percentage displays Iceland’s
population is not growing that rapidly.
9) Explain Total Fertility Rate and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Total Fertility Rate is the number of children born per 1,000 women, consisting of ages 15 to 45.
The average Fertility Rate in Iceland is 1.80 children per woman.
10) What changing social values, and access to education, employment, health care and
contraception have reduced fertility rates in your country. Then explain how the
world has been affected.
The Fertility rate in Iceland is lower compared to other countries because Iceland is a developed
country. A developed country usually has a high literacy rate ( so good education ), a low
unemployment rate, and health care in various locations. To be more specific, Iceland has a free
education policy for everyone, there is no pay for a child to attend school, and they encourage
people to have a good education. All this education leads to jobs and knowledge. With
knowledge, Woman begin to take more precautions which is a factor that leads to a low fertility
rate. Jobs also take up most of the time for women, and they have to prioritize and make good
choices about the number of children they plan to have ( family planning ). There is also a lot of
healthcare in case of something unexpected. The world has been affected because Iceland is now
one of the developed countries making other countries like India and China to depend on Iceland
for resources.
11) Explain Infant Mortality Rate and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Infant Mortality Rate is the number of deaths of children under the age of one within a country.

As you can see from this graph, the Infant Mortality Rate of Iceland was 1.6 as of 2017.

12) Explain Child Mortality Rate and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Child Mortality is the number of children per 1,000 people that die before reaching the age of
five. The Child Mortality Rate in Iceland is 2 deaths per 1,000 people which is relatively low.
13) Explain Life Expectancy and provide the associated statistical data for your
country.
Life expectancy is the average number of years a person lives from birth. The life expectancy in
Iceland is 82.47 years. Iceland has one of the highest life expectancies in Europe.
14) How do the above (11,12, and 13) affect the population growth or decline in your
country?
Since Iceland has a very low Infant Mortality and Child Mortality rate the population is more
likely to grow than decline. The life expectancy in Iceland is one of the highest in Europe. If you
combine both of these statistics together, the population will most likely end up growing since
there are a small number of deaths to cause a decline in Iceland’s economy.
 15) Are there any population policies currently in place in your Country? If so please
explain the policy.
Iceland currently has 10 policies put into place. There is one other policy that will be
implemented in 2021. To name a few policies, there is a “Public Health Policy and Action Plan”
that was implemented in 2016. This policy was implemented in order to provide advanced
healthcare to citizens and medication. The second policy was the “Action plan to reduce the
prevalence of obesity” in 2013. This policy helped limit some ingredients, and stopped
producing some ingredients that were the cause of obesity.
16)

This current population Pyramid shows that there are fewer elderly people, and more of the
working population.
This population pyramid for 2050 shows that there was a possible baby boom somewhere
because there is a lot more working population than the children population. Maybe they
implemented some restrictions for population growth, so the younger population declined. The
older population grew a little bit, meaning they could have advanced in healthcare.
17) Plot your country on the demographic transition model and explain why it’s located
within that stage.
The pink shaded region shows that Iceland is in the 4th, Low Stationary stage of the
Demographic Transition Model. It’s located within this stage because of its declining birth rate
and low death rate.
18) Plot your country on the Epidemiological Transition Model and explain why they
are located in this stage.
Iceland lies in the 4th stage of the Epidemiological Model because Iceland has advanced
healthcare and trained professionals that prevent many diseases from being spread.
19) Make a T-Chart with 3 specific Push and 3 specific Pull factors for your country.
20) Find a map of internal migration within your country.
21) Find a map of External Migration of your country.
 22) What type of forced migration has occurred or is currently occurring in your
country?
There is no forced migration currently happening, but in the past Syrian refugees had faced
forced migration and came to Iceland. A family of 8 came to Iceland in order to seek safety from
war happening in Syria. ( It happened during the Syrain War, 2011)
23) Explain the Ecumene of your country.
First of all, Ecumeme means the percentage of habitable land in a place. The percentage of
habitable land in Iceland is 89%.
24) Find 2 maps of your countries current population 1 local and global.
Local:
Global:
Reflection about Unit 2:
In my opinion, Unit 2 helped me look at the world in a different perspective. Now I understand how each
country depends on one another based on where they are in the Demographic Transition Model. I learned
it’s always a circle. It’s harder for undeveloped countries to move up to developing and developing to
Developed since everything circles. For example, an undeveloped country could produce something and
developing country would manufacture, and developed countries would buy it from the developing
countries. It’s always a circle. I also learned how countries in the stage have some similarities. For
example, many undeveloped countries in stage 2 have high birth rate because a lack of education and
medicine. In conclusion, I learned a lot in this unit and I feel pretty good at how I can apply in my real
life.

Questions:
1) What’s an example of forced migration in Iceland?
2) What’s the Arithmetic Density in Iceland?
3) What relationship do life expectancy and infant mortality rate share in common?

Answers:
1) The Syrian Refugees that came to Iceland to escape the Syrian War during 2011.
2) 8.507
3) The lower the infant mortality rate, the higher the life expectancy.
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