FEMALE SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKULL- The human skull is the bony structure that forms the head in the
human skeleton. It supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for
the brain. Like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from
injury.

STERNUM- The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the

central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the
front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major
blood vessels from injury.

CLAVICLE - Functions. The collarbone serves several functions: It

serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb suspended;
an arrangement that keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the
arm has maximum range of movement.

HUMEROS - Because it connects at the shoulder with a rotational joint,

the humerus is instrumental in supporting many of the arm's functions.
For example, the humerussupports all lifting and physical activities.
The humerus is one of the longest bones in the body.

RIBS - Function. The human rib cage (thoracic cage) has the very
important job of protecting the heart and lungs. The ribs are part of the
axial skeleton and are classified as flat bones. The primary job of flat bones
is to protect underlying structures.

VERTEBRAL COLUMN - The major function of the vertebral column is

protection of the spinal cord; it also provides stiffening for the body and
attachment for the pectoral and pelvic girdles and many muscles. In
humans an additional function is to transmit body weight in walking and
standing.

PELVIC GIRDLE - Pelvis, also called bony pelvis or pelvic girdle, in

human anatomy, basin-shaped complex of bones that connects the trunk
and the legs, supports and balances the trunk, and contains and supports
the intestines, the urinary bladder, and the internal sex organs.

RADIUS - Radius. The radius is the more lateral and slightly shorter of the
two forearm bones. It is found on the thumb side of the forearm and rotates
to allow the hand to pivot at the wrist. Several muscles of the arm and
forearm have origins and insertions on the radiusto provide motion to the
upper limb.

ULNA - The ulna is located on the opposite side of the forearm from the
thumb. It joins with the humerus on its larger end to make the elbow joint,
and joins with the carpal bones of the hand at its smaller end. Together
with the radius, the ulna enables the wrist joint to rotate.

CARPALS - In human anatomy, the main role of the wrist is to facilitate

effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and
flexors of the forearm, and the mobility of individual carpal bones increase
the freedom of movements at the wrist.
METACARPALS - The metacarpals are the bones that make up your
palm. Their purpose is to be the anchor point for the phalanges, your
fingers and thumb, to the carpals, your wrist. They're what makes the hand
the hand, basically. What is the function of a compact bone?
PHALANGES - Every other finger and toe has three phalanges (proximal,
middle, and distal). The phalanges of the fingers help us manipulate our
environment while the phalanges of the foot help us balance, walk, and
run.

FEMUR - The femur is the longest bone in the human skeleton.

Itfunctions in supporting the weight of the body and allowing motion of the
leg. The femur articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis
forming the hip joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee
joint.
PATELLA - Function. The primary functional role of the patellais knee
extension. The patella increases the leverage that the quadriceps tendon
can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts.
TIBIA - Functions. The primary function of the tibia is to accept and
distribute weight across the knee and to the ankle. The tibia'sarticulations
with the relatively non-weight bearing fibula serve to maintain alignment of
the tibia.
FIBULA - The fibula is the long, thin and lateral bone of the lower leg. It
runs parallel to the tibia, or shin bone, and plays a significant role in
stabilizing the ankle and supporting the muscles of the lower leg.
TARSALS PHALANGES - The navicular bone plays a key role in
maintaining the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. There are four
distal tarsals: the lateral cuboid and the three cuneiforms, located medially.
The distal tarsals articulate with the metatarsals and also maintain the
transverse arch of the foot.
METATARSALS - The metatarsal bones are connected to the bones of the
toe, or phalanges, at the knuckle of the toe, or metatarsophalangeal
joint. Metatarsals are convex in shape (arch upward), are long bones, and
give the foot its arch. They work with connective tissues, ligaments and
tendons, to provide movement in the foot.
 MALE SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKULL - The human skull is the bony structure that forms the head in the
human skeleton. It supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for
the brain. Like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from
injury.

MAXILLA - The alveolar process of the maxillae holds the upper teeth, and
is referred to as the maxillary arch. Each maxilla attaches laterally to the
zygomatic bones (cheek bones). Each maxilla assists in forming the
boundaries of three cavities: the roof of the mouth.

MANDIBLE - The mandible, or lower jaw, is the bone that forms the lower
part of the skull, and along with the maxilla (upper jaw), forms the mouth
structure. Movement of the lower jawopens and closes the mouth and also
allows for the chewing of food. The lower set of teeth in the mouth is rooted
in thelower jaw.

SHOULDER JOINT - The shoulder joint (also known as

the glenohumeral joint) is the main joint of the shoulder. It is a ball and
socket jointthat allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or to hinge out
and up away from the body.

CLAVICLE - Functions. The collarbone serves several functions: It

serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb suspended;
an arrangement that keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the
arm has maximum range of movement.

SCAPULA - Scapula. The scapula is commonly referred to as the

shoulder blade. It connects the humerus bone of the arm to the collarbone.
There are only three muscles that are responsible for enabling the
movement of the shoulder blade.

STERNUM - The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the

central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the
front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major
blood vessels from injury.

HUMEROS - Because it connects at the shoulder with a rotational joint,

the humerus is instrumental in supporting many of the arm's functions.
For example, the humerussupports all lifting and physical activities.
The humerus is one of the longest bones in the body.

RIB - In most tetrapods, ribs surround the chest, enabling the lungs to
expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity. They
serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. In
some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection
for the entire body.
ELBOW JOINT - The elbow joint is a complex hinge joint formed between
the distal end of the humerus in the upper arm and the proximal ends of the
ulna and radius in the forearm. The elbow allows for the flexion and
extension of the forearm relative to the upper arm, as well as rotation of the
forearm and wrist.

VERTEBRAE - The major function of the vertebral column is protection of

the spinal cord; it also provides stiffening for the body and attachment for
the pectoral and pelvic girdles and many muscles. In humans an
additional function is to transmit body weight in walking and standing.

RADIUS - Radius. The radius is the more lateral and slightly shorter of the
two forearm bones. It is found on the thumb side of the forearm and rotates
to allow the hand to pivot at the wrist. Several muscles of the arm and
forearm have origins and insertions on the radiusto provide motion to the
upper limb.

ULNA - The ulna is located on the opposite side of the forearm from the
thumb. It joins with the humerus on its larger end to make the elbow joint,
and joins with the carpal bones of the hand at its smaller end. Together
with the radius, the ulna enables the wrist joint to rotate.

PELVIS - The pelvis has several important functions. Its primary role is to
support the weight of the upper body when sitting and to transfer this
weight to the lower limbs when standing. It serves as an attachment point
for trunk and lower limb muscles, and also protects the
internal pelvic organs.

SACRUM - As we discussed previously, the sacrum connects to the hip

bones and is important in forming a strong pelvis. The sacrum provides
support at the base of your spine. The sacrum is a very strong bone that
helps to support the weight of the upper body.

CARPAL - In human anatomy, the main role of the wrist is to facilitate

effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and
flexors of the forearm, and the mobility of individual carpal bones increase
the freedom of movements at the wrist.

WRIST JOINT - The wrist joint is a biaxial, ellipsoid-type joint that serves
as the articulation between the distal end of the radius and the articular disc
above and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones below.
The joint's primary role is to optimize hand function.

METACARPAL - The metacarpals are the bones that make up your palm.
Their purpose is to be the anchor point for the phalanges, your fingers and
thumb, to the carpals, your wrist. They're what makes the hand the hand,
basically. What is thefunction of a compact bone?
PHALANGE - Every other finger and toe has three phalanges (proximal,
middle, and distal). The phalanges of the fingers help us manipulate our
environment while the phalanges of the foot help us balance, walk, and
run.

FEMUR - The femur is the longest bone in the human skeleton.

It functions in supporting the weight of the body and allowing motion of the
leg. The femurarticulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis
forming the hip joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee
joint.

PATELLA - Function. The primary functional role of the patellais knee

extension. The patella increases the leverage that the quadriceps tendon
can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts.

KNEE JOINT - As the knee is a synovial hinge joint, its function is to

permit the flexion and extension of the lower leg relative to the thigh. The
range of motion of the knee is limited by the anatomy of the bones and
ligaments, but allows around 120 degrees of flexion.

TIBIA - Functions. The primary function of the tibia is to accept and

distribute weight across the knee and to the ankle. The tibia'sarticulations
with the relatively non-weight bearing fibula serve to maintain alignment of
the tibia.

FIBULA - The fibula is the long, thin and lateral bone of the lower leg. It
runs parallel to the tibia, or shin bone, and plays a significant role in
stabilizing the ankle and supporting the muscles of the lower leg.

TARSAL - The tarsals correspond to the carpal bones of the upper limb. In
humans the tarsals, in combination with the metatarsal bones, form a
longitudinal arch in the foot—a shape well adapted for carrying and
transferring weight in bipedal locomotion.

METATARSAL - The metatarsal bones are connected to the bones of the

toe, or phalanges, at the knuckle of the toe, or metatarsophalangeal
joint. Metatarsals are convex in shape (arch upward), are long bones, and
give the foot its arch. They work with connective tissues, ligaments and
tendons, to provide movement in the foot.

PHALANGE - Every other finger and toe has three phalanges (proximal,
middle, and distal). The phalanges of the fingers help us manipulate our
environment while the phalanges of the foot help us balance, walk, and
run.
FEMALE SKELETAL SYSTEM
MALE SKELETAL SYSTEM