SHIP BUILDING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GROUP 1

“SHIPPING”

1. Arifah Amanatu Rochmah 33311701029

2. Wahid Cahyono 33311701032
1. HOW MERCHANT SHIPS OPERATE

Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry
passengers. Nowadays most merchant ships are built to carry cargo. A few still carry
passengers. Merchant ships can operate in the following three basic ways (Gerund, 2014).

Specialized
Liners Tramps
Vessels

A. LINER TRADES

1. DEFINITIONS OF LINER TRADES

Figure 1. Top Container Ship Trades Routes

Robert said, The Trade Line Liner is a trade route that has routes arranged in world trade
routes, ports, and relative interests. Understand how to read routes with fundamental
differences between east / west and north / south trade (2015).

Group 1 “Shipping”
 2. THE SHIPS

Figure 2. Container Ship Figure 3. Ro-Ro Ship

Thoroughly understand the different types of container ships and the types of ro-ro
ships. Understand terminology of all measurements of tonnages and capacity and
dimensions (NT and GT). Actual tonnages, deadweight (LWT & DWT) displacement.
Capacities (bale-cubic & grain cubic, lane metres, TEU). Understand the main types and
use of on-board cargo handling equipment, and the provision of ro-ro access (Woods,
2015).

3. PORT TERMINALS AND CARGO HANDLING

Figure 4. Port Terminals and Cargo Handling

Understand the types of commodities usually handled by liners and their methods. Port
& terminal operations. Be aware of other port facilities, value added services, the effect of
stowage factors, and the importance of adequate packing (Woods, 2015).
Group 1 “Shipping”
4. LINER SHIPPING OPERATIONS

Figure 5. Liner Shipping Operations

Based on the picture above, the shipping office has a worker arrangement, where the
top position is the director, and below that is the secretary general. He oversees five
departments, in each of their five departments have their own work teams.

5. LINER INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

Woods said, the task of structure operations is to truly understand the structure,
management, technical, operations, commercial functions of liner operating companies.
Understand marketing, sales requirements, techniques, the form of agreement used between
liner operators and independent agencies. Understand the manner in which operators strive
for economies of scale and market share. Understand economic trends – balancing supply
and demand, capacity management options. Thoroughly understand the rationale for
alliances, consortia and capacity management agreements, their similarities and differences.
Thoroughly understand the role and function of conferences. Be aware of statutory control
and regulation (2015).

Group 1 “Shipping”
6. FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF IMPORT AND EXPORT BUSINESS

Figure 6. Import and Export Business

Woods said, the main task is to understand methods of payment in the sale of goods
and the different types of contracts in the sale of goods (2015).
Based on the picture above there are two stages. the first stage is a contract, where the
exporter contracts with the importer, then imposes apply for letters of credit on bank
issuing followed by a letter of credit to the advising bank that was returned to the exporter.
The second stage is execution, where from the stage the exporter contracts to ship to the
importer and submits documents to advising the bank. Continued send document to the
issuing bank. After that arrived at the importer is the release document while making
payments to the issuing bank, advising bank, and exporter.

Group 1 “Shipping”
7. LEGAL ASPECTS OF LINER TRADES

Merchant Haulages Carrier Haulages

Container Traffic Sea Freight Business

Chart 1. The Process Legal Aspects of Line Trades

Understand Carriers‟ and Merchants‟ responsibilities and limitations of liability. Be

aware of the procedure for cargo claims including the role, responsibilities of the parties, of
the carriers’ insurance arrangements including hull & machinery insurance (Woods, 2015).

Group 1 “Shipping”
RFERENCES

Büter, Clemens. Springer Gabler. n.d. 08 06 2019

<https://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/definition/carriers-haulage-53972>.

Gerund. Stupedia Org. 11 02 2014. 8 06 2019 <https://studopedia.org/2-21228.html>.

Woods, Robert. Liner trades 2015. London: Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers, 2015
<https://www.ics.org.uk/learning/publications-and-learning-resources/book-support/liner-
trades>.

RFERENCES IMAGE

Figure 1. Source : (2015) <https://geopoliticalfutures.com/top-container-ship-trade-

routes/>. Retrieved on June (2019).

Figure 2. Source : (2011) <http://maritime-connector.com/wiki/merchant-vessels/>.

Retrieved on June (2019).

Figure 3. Source : (2012) < https://safety4sea.com/msc-containership-collides-with-dfds-ro-

ro-ship-off-vlissingen/>. Retrieved on June (2019).

Figure 4. Source : (2015) < https://www.apmterminals.com/en/salalah/services/container-

freight-station>. Retrieved on June (2019).

Figure 5. Source : (2014) < http://informationr.com/ir/15-3//2013/04/a-study-of-container-

supply-chain.html>. Retrieved on June (2019).

Figure 6. Source : (2012) <https://ownerletter.co/letter-of-credit-in-international-trade/>.

Retrieved on June (2019).

Group 1 “Shipping”