Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune (a) if x and y are rational numbers then x + y and xy are rational numbers, and

Department of Mathematics (b) if x is a rational number and y is an irrational nymber then x+y is an irrational
F. Y. B. Sc.(Div. B) Mathematics number.
Calculus-I, Practical No. 1
Real Numbers-I 1
7. Let x, y ∈ R such that x < y. Show that there exist n, m ∈ N such that x < x+ < y
N M Phatangare m
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Date of conduct:July 26, 2019. and x < y − < y.
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1. The complex numbers C are defined as equal to the set of all ordered pairs of real 8. Prove that if x and y are not both zero then
numbers i.e C = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ R}, subject to these operations: (a1 , b1 ) + (a2 , b2 ) =
(a1 + a2 , b1 + b2 ) and (a1 , b1 ) · (a2 , b2 ) = (a1 a2 − b1 b2 , a1 b2 + a2 b1 ). x2 + xy + y2 > 0
x4 + x3 y + x2 y2 + xy3 + y4 > 0
(a) Show that C is a field.
(b) What are the additive and multiplicative identity elements? √
9. Let K = {s + t 3|s, t ∈ Q}. Show that K satisfies the following:
(c) What are the additive and multiplicative inverses of an element (a, b)?
(a) If x, y ∈ K, then x + y ∈ K and xy ∈ K.
(d) Solve (a, b)2 = (1, 0) in C.
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(e) We identify R with a subset of C by identifying the elements x ∈ R with the (b) If x , 0 and x ∈ K, then ∈ K.
x
element (x, 0) in C. Explain how this can be interpreted as saying that R is a
subfield of C. 10. Let A = {s + ti|s, t ∈ Q, i2 = −1}. Show that A satisfies the following:

(f) Show that there is an element i ∈ C with i2 = −1 so that every element z ∈ C (a) If x, y ∈ A, then x + y ∈ A and xy ∈ A.
can be written as z = x + iy for x, y ∈ R. 1
(b) If x , 0 and x ∈ A, then ∈ A.
(g) Explain why the equation x2 + x+1 = 0 has no solution in R but two solutions x
in C. 11. Let a, b, c, d be real numbers satisfying 0 < a < b and c < d < 0. Give an example
√ √ where ac < bd and one where bd < ac.
2. Prove that the real number 2 + 5 is not rational.
1 11 12. Prove that,
3. If a , 0, b , 0, show that = .
(ab) a b (a) if 0 < c < 1, then 0 < cn < c < 1, for n > 1,
4. Show that there is no rational number r such that r2 = 6. (b) if 1 < c, then 1 < c < cn for n > 1.
5. Let A, B ⊂ R be nonempty. Define A + B = {a + b : a ∈ A, b ∈ B}. 13. Determine the set of all real numbers that satisfy the following inequalities:
(a) x2 > 3x + 4, (b) 1/x < x2 , (c) 1 < x2 < 9.
(a) Let A = [−1.3] = B. What is A + B?
(b) Let A = B = N. What is A + B?
(c) Let A = B = Z. What is A + B?
(d) Let A = B = Q. What is A + B?
(e) Let A = B = R − Q. What is A + B?

6. Show that,

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