Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines 3120

TWO-ROW MANUAL
CORN SEEDER
DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
OF
OPERATION
 OBJECTIVES

To reduce labor To achieve more To increase seeding rate

utilization but provide uniform spacing in the and field efficiency with
alternative livelihood row and depth of a cheaper crop
for affected farmers. planting establishment cost
Convenient and easy for Achieves more uniform
small land seed planting Fewer working hours spacing in the row and
work. the depth of planting

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 The ease of fabrication of
component parts.
The safety of the operator
DESIGN The operation of the machine
CONSIDERATIONS should be simple for small scale
or rural farmers.
The materials available locally
were used in the fabrication of
the components.
Availability and cost of the
materials for construction
The aesthetics and ergonomics of
the design
 Seed hopper
Plate type seed metering device
Seed tube
COMPONENTS
Furrow opener
Runner wheel
Guide wheel
Handle
Power transmission system
 Seed hopper M.S. Sheet Metal

Plate type seed metering device Nylon

Seed tube Plastic

SELECTION
OF Furrow
Opener M.S.Flat Bar
MATERIALS Closer M.S. Sheet Metal

Runner wheel Plastic & Sheet Metal

Guide wheel Plastic & Sheet Metal

Handle M.S.Flat Bar &

Circular pipe

Power transmission system

Pintel Chain Malleable links
Large Sprocket Medium carbon steel
Small Sprocket Medium carbon steel
FURROW
CHAIN
SPROCKET & SPROCKET

METERING
DEVICE

METERING
DEVICE
 RUNNER
RUNNER & WHEEL

GUIDE WHEEL

GUIDE
WHEEL
SEED HOPPER
POWER DEVELOPMENT BY THE OPERATOR OF
MACHINE
The power of useful work done by an average human on the drive machine is given by
(Gbabo):
𝑯𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒕

Where, 𝑡 is the operation time in minutes.

According to Gbabo, the develop power by a chain drive is:

𝒎
𝒑𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒌𝒈𝒇 𝒙 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒆 ( )
𝑯𝑷 = 𝒔
𝟕𝟓

From other equation of drive machine as given below:

𝟐 𝒙 𝝅 𝒙 Nw 𝒙 Tw
𝑯𝑷 =
𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎
Where:
Nw is the speed of ground wheel in RPM
Tw is the torque on the wheel
 𝒎
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Nw = 𝒔
𝝅 𝒙 𝟔𝟎

And torque on the each wheel is

𝑯𝑷 = 𝑲𝒘 𝒙 𝑾𝒕 𝒙 𝑹𝒘

Where:
Kw is the coefficient of rolling resistance;
Wt is the active weight of the machine; and
Rw is the radius of ground wheel
DESIGN OF THE SIZE OF THE PLANTER
For the design of the planter, first of all we design the number of furrow opener for the sowing of
the seeds.
So,
Number of furrow opener in the planter (Dagostine and Molin, 1996):

𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒇𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑫 𝒌𝒈𝒇

𝒁 =
𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒇𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒓𝒐𝒘 (𝒅𝒓)

Now the working width of the machine :

W = Z x row to row distance
hopper
Volume of seed hopper 𝑉𝑏 = 1.1 𝑥 𝑉𝑠

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒙 𝑾𝒔 𝒈

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝑽𝒔 =
𝑩𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒈𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒔 𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟑

Now from the structure of seed hopper

𝑽𝒃 = 𝑽𝒂 + 𝑽𝒃
DESIGN OF SEED METERING DEVICE
For the design of the seed metering device the most important thing is that how many
cells would be developed for desired crop; so that the requirement of the plant to plant
spacing is achieved.
So,
Number of cell on the seed metering device is

𝝅 𝒙 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 (𝒅𝒘)

𝑵𝒔 =
𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 𝑵 𝒙 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 (𝑿)
Now the second thing is that what would be the diameter of the seed
metering device. So the diameter of the seed metering device is:

𝑽𝒓
𝑫𝒎 𝒄𝒎 =
𝝅𝑵𝒓
Where:
Vr = Peripheral velocity of seed metering device in m/min
Nr = rpm of seed metering device.
DETERMINATION OF PLANTER CAPACITY
The capacity of the planter may be determined in terms of the area of land covered per time during
planting or the number of seeds planted per time of planting. The capacity of the planter in terms of the
area of land covered per time may be obtained from the following expression:
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆
CPA = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

CPA = capacity of planter in hectare/time

The capacity of the planter in terms of number of seeds planted per time may be obtained from the
following expression:

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒔

CNP = 𝒙𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒅𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
Time required cultivate a hectare of land

The time required to cultivate of one hectare of land is therefore obtain from following equation:

Time required =1/CPA

Number of days required to plant on a hectare of land

Assuming 8hrs is used per day for planting, the number of days required to plant on 1 hectare of land is
obtained as follows

𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒓𝒔

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 =
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒂𝒚