PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK GEOLOGI

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

TKGL161A08 –
GEOMORFOLOGI

11. MORFOLOGI DASAR

SAMUDERA

Salahuddin Husein
shddin@ugm.ac.id

I. PENDAHULUAN

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I. PENDAHULUAN

I. PENDAHULUAN

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I. PENDAHULUAN

I. PENDAHULUAN

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II. KETEBALAN SEDIMEN DASAR LAUT

III. DISTRIBUSI UMUR KERAK SAMUDERA

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III. DISTRIBUSI UMUR KERAK SAMUDERA

IV. LAVA BANTAL

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IV. LAVA BANTAL

V. KONSEP TEKTONIK LEMPENG

Vertically exagerated diagram showing the basic concepts of plate tectonics.

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V. KONSEP TEKTONIK LEMPENG

V. KONSEP TEKTONIK LEMPENG

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VI. MORFOLOGI DASAR SAMUDERA
TEPI TEPI
BENUA BENUA
AKTIF PASIF

Topographic profile to show the surface of the Earth between South America and Africa.
Vertical exaggeration x 100.

VII. TEPI BENUA PASIF

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VII. TEPI BENUA PASIF

A seismic-reflection profile across the western continental slope and continental rise of Africa,
shows that the profile of several submarine canyons near upper part of the slope and the thick
accummulation of undeformed sediments on the continental margin. The continental slope merges
into the adjacent abyssal plains, which cover the abyssal hills.

VII. TEPI BENUA PASIF: KIPAS DASAR LAUT

Submarine fans formed by the deposition of sediments carried down submarine canyons by
turbidity currents. Much of the continental rise is composed of overlapping submarine fans.

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VII. TEPI BENUA PASIF: KIPAS DASAR LAUT

VIII. TEPI BENUA AKTIF

A seismic-reflection profile across the

central part of the Aleutian Trench,
shows that the steep flank of the trench
alongside the Aleutian island arc (right)
and the gentle slope toward the ocean
basin. The trench is the surface
expression of a subducting plate.

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IX. PUNGGUNGAN DASAR SAMUDERA

A seismic-reflection profile across the mid-Atlantic Ridge, at 44o north latitude, shows that the crest
of the ridge is marked by a deep rift valley that can be traced along the entire length of the ridge.
Sediment is thickest down the flanks of the ridge, but it hins rapidly near the crest. The idealized
diagram of the ridge was based on a series of profiles.

X. DATARAN ABISAL

A topographic profile across an abyssal plain and continental rise and slope.

A seismic reflection profile across part of the Madeira abyssal plain (north-east Atlantic). The
vertical exaggeration is x 20.

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X. DATARAN ABISAL

A seismic-reflection profile across the abyssal floor of the Atlantic Ocean, shows that abyssal hills
buried with sediment, which forms the smooth abyssal plains.

XI. GUNUNGAPI DASAR SAMUDERA

Seamounts: > 1 km heigth
Abyssal hills: < 1 km heigth
Guyots: flat-topped seamounts.

Topographic profiles across some on-land volcanoes and some seamounts

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XI. GUNUNGAPI DASAR SAMUDERA

A seismic-reflection profile across the seamounts in the central Pacific Ocean, shows that the
general configuration of typical seamounts rising above the ocean floor. Seamounts are submarine
volcanoes, which usually occur in groups or chains. Some rise above sea level to form islands.

XI. GUNUNGAPI DASAR SAMUDERA: GUYOT

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XII. GUNUNGAPI HOTSPOT

Four seamount and island

chains in the Pacific Ocean.
The youngest volcanoes are
at south-eastern end of each
chain, and the age of the
seamount at the bend in the
Hawaiian-Emperor Chain is
shown. The age range along
is 43 Ma over a distance of
3400 km.

XII. GUNUNGAPI HOTSPOT

Schematic diagram (not to scale) illustrating how a volcano island chain could be formed by an
oceanic plate moving over a stationary hot spot or mantle plume. The age of the islands increases
towards the left. New island will appear on the right as the motion continues.

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XII. GUNUNGAPI HOTSPOT

XIII. GUNUNGAPI SAMUDERA & TERUMBU

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XIII. GUNUNGAPI SAMUDERA & TERUMBU

XIV. LAUT PAPARAN BENUA

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XIV. LAUT PAPARAN BENUA

TERIMA KASIH

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