Normal Operator: 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 ∗ = 𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝑇𝑇

TFAE (for 𝔽𝔽 = ℝ, ℂ):

- 𝑇𝑇 is normal
- 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝑣𝑣 for all 𝑣𝑣 ∈ 𝑉𝑉
- If 𝑣𝑣 is an eigenvalue of 𝑇𝑇 with eigenvalue 𝜆𝜆,
Self-Adjoint (Hermitiain) Operator: 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇 ∗ then 𝑣𝑣 is also an eigenvalue of 𝑇𝑇 ∗ with
eigenvalue 𝜆𝜆
TFAE (for 𝔽𝔽 = ℝ, ℂ): - If 𝔽𝔽 = ℂ:
- 𝑇𝑇 is self-adjoint - 𝑉𝑉 has an orthonormal basis of
- 𝑇𝑇 𝑒𝑒 = 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇 𝑒𝑒 where 𝑒𝑒 is an orthogonal basis. eigenvectors of 𝑇𝑇
- 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑣𝑣, 𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑣𝑣, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
- 𝑉𝑉 has an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors of
𝑇𝑇 with corresponding real eigenvalues Isometric Operator: ‖𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇‖ = ‖𝑣𝑣‖
TFAE (for 𝔽𝔽 = ℝ, ℂ):
Positive Operator: 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑣𝑣 ≥ 0 - 𝑇𝑇 is isometric
TFAE (for 𝔽𝔽 = ℝ, ℂ): - 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = ⟨𝑢𝑢, 𝑣𝑣⟩
- 𝑇𝑇 is invertible and 𝑇𝑇 −1 = 𝑇𝑇 ∗ (unitary)
- 𝑇𝑇 is positive
- All eigenvalues of 𝑇𝑇 are real and nonnegative - 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 ∗ = 𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝑇𝑇 = 𝐼𝐼
- 𝑇𝑇 has a unique and positive square root - If 𝑒𝑒1 , … , 𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛 is an orthonormal basis of 𝑉𝑉, then
𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒1 , … , 𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛 is an orthonormal basis
- If 𝔽𝔽 = ℂ:
- 𝑉𝑉 has an orthonormal basis of
eigenvectors of 𝑇𝑇 with corresponding
eigenvalues of magnitude 1