3 COLLABORATION TOOLS

 PROOFHUB
ProofHub is a work management tool that offers a comprehensive suite of collaboration
and project management functions. On this platform, you can organize files, plan and monitor
projects and discuss with colleagues and stakeholders. ProofHub also lets you review and
approve files through an online proofing tool.

 WIMI
Wimi offers users their own ‘unified workspaces’ where teams can manage projects and
share files and calendars. You can control access in each workspace with a rights-based system.
Wimi Drive, their file syncing software, helps you make the most out of cloud technology.

 GOOGLE DOCS
Google needs no introduction. Google;s collaboration tools include its Docs and Sheets
services, which are designed to allow teams to edit files at the same time and save all their
changes automatically.
CIRCUIT SWITCHING AND PACKET SWITCHING
Circuit switching and packet switching are the two switching methods that are used to
connect the multiple communicating devices with one another. Circuit Switching was
particularly designed for voice communication and it was less suitable for data transmission
while Packet Switching was initially designed for data transmission. So, a better solution evolved
for data transmission called Packet switching. The main difference between circuit switching and
packet switching is that Circuit Switching is connection oriented whereas, Packet Switching is
connectionless. Circuit switching is implemented at Physical Layer while Packet Switching is
implemented at Network Layer.
TIER 1, TIER 2 and TIER 3 ISP PROVIDERS
Tier 1

The U.S. Internet Region Tier 1 ISPs

In the U.S. the Tier 1 ISPs (aka "The Tier 1 Club") include:

1. AT&T
2. Verizon
3. Sprint (Softbank Broadband)
4. Century Link (Qwest)
5. Level 3 (with Global Crossing now)
6. NTT/Verio
7. Cogent

The Singapore Internet Region Tier 1 ISPs

In Singapore the Tier 1 ISPs (aka "The Holy Trinity") are:

1. SingTel
2. StarHub
3. Pacific Internet

The Japan Internet Region Tier 1 ISPs

In Japan the Tier 1 ISPs are:

 1. NTT
2. Japan Telecom (Softbank Broadband)
3. KDDI
4. IIJ
5. Powered.com

TIER 2

The United Kingdom Internet Region Tier 2 ISPs

 British Telekom
 Vodafone
 Easynet

TIER 3

The United States Internet Region Tier 3 ISPs

 Comcast
 Verizon Communications

The Germany Internet Region Tier 3 ISPs

 Deutsche Telekom

References
https://resources.workable.com/tutorial/collaboration-tools

https://techdifferences.com/difference-between-circuit-switching-and-packet-switching.html

https://drpeering.net/FAQ/Who-are-the-Tier-1-ISPs.php

https://datapath.io/resources/blog/what-is-an-internet-service-provider/