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Given
CE 453PiSample
= Station 32+00.00
Problem for Spiral and superelevation computations
Delta = 36° 00' 00" D = 6° e= 0.06'/' NC = -.02'/'
Design Speed = 50 mph Spiral (if used) = 150 ft.
The following problem will be started in class. Each student is expected to complete
the computations that are not finished in class and be prepared to turn the solution in for
grading on Wednesday, October 5. Several equations for spirals and superelevation are
provided in the Iowa Design Manual. Prepare a table to summarize your results.

Given Pi = Station 32+00.00

Delta = 36° 00' 00" D = 6° e= 0.06'/' NC = -.02'/'
Design Speed = 50 mph Spiral (if used) = 150 ft.
2 lane roadway with one 12' lane in each direction
Rotation about the centerline will be used.

A) Verify that Degree of curvature is satisfactory for design speed with the superelevation
shown.

B) Determine:
Without a spiral curve : what are the stations for the following
· Beginning of curve:
· End of Curve:
· Starting station for tangent runout using Iowa DOT Manual procedures
· Starting location for superelevation runoff
· Ending station for superelevation runoff

C) Part B with Spiral curve, using Length of spiral = 150 feet on each end of circular
curve. Consider only the first spiral at this time.

Find the station where the tangent runout begins and the station where the
superelevation runoff begins and ends.

Verify that:
a) For the spiral stationing the length of the circular plus spiral arcs is one spriral
length loner that if no spiral is used.
b) for a spiraled curve, the tangent length is approximately'/2 of a spiral length longer
than when a simple circular curve is considered.
c) the k length on the spiral is approximately %2 of a spiral length
d) the 150 foot spiral falls within the range of minimum and maximum length
spiral, based on the "throw" distance (p) being between 0.33 and 3.3, as per Iowa DOT
approach.
 2 lane roadway with one 12' lane in each direction
Rotation about the centerline will be used.

A: Verify that design conditions are acceptable

Rmin = V2 /[15*(e+f) ] where e = 0.06, f for 50 mph = 0.14 (AASHTO and Table
3.3 of text)
R min = 502/[15*(0.06+0.14)] = 833 ft.
R ( design)= 5729.58 / D = 5729.58 / 6 = 954.93
Therefore Design radius exceeds R min - OK

B. Find key stations for curve points and superelevation:

Find BC: BC = PI - T where T = Rtan(delta/2) = 310.28

= 32+00.00 – 3+10.28 = 28+89.72 (BC)

EC: EC = BC + L where L = delta/D*100 = 600.00 ft

= 28 +89.72 + 6+00.00 = 34+89.72 (EC)

Find starting station for tangent runout:

For Iowa procedure: (See related slide 10 of lecture for the 2/3 : 1/3 rule sketch)
Tangent runout begins at BC– 70% of superelev.runoff – tangent runout

Superelev. Runoff rate, G, for 50 mph design speed = 0.50% ( or 1’ per 200 ft.)
(from AASHTO standards)

Using runoff length equation LR = 12( e%/G%)*alpha

Where alpha = 1 because we only have a 2 lane road here.

: LR = 12( 6%/0.5%) = 144 feet

Tangent run out found by proportion : Runout = ( Normal crown rate / Super rate) * LR
LT = Tangent run out length = (0.02 / 0.06) * 144
LT = 48 ft

* STATION TO BEGIN TANGENT Runout

BC – 70% LR - LT =
28+89.72 – 0.70* ( 1+44) - 0+48) = 27+ 40.92 Start Tangent run out

* Station to begin superelevation run off

BC – 70% LR = 28+89.72 – 0.70* ( 1+44) = 27+ 88.92 Start se runoff

Attain Full superelevation at BC + 30% (LR) = 29+ 32.92 Achieve full e

Similar calculations for runoff and runout stationing would be applied at the EC.
C. Find key stations if 150 foot spiral is used but other design elements remain the same.
1) Spiral stationing is needed - ΘS , TS , p, k will be needed

from: LS =( ΘS / D) *200 , ΘS = 40 30’

 from other Spiral curve equations found in lecture notes and Iowa Design manual

p = 0.98 ft.
k = 74.98 ft.
TS = 385.58 ft.

Therefore spiral begins at station TS = PI - TS

TS = 32+00.00 – 3+85.58 = 28+14.22 (TS station)

Superelevation runoff length: By policy for spirals, the superelevation run off length
will be equal to spiral length = 150 feet. (Note that Table 16.12 of text indicates a desirable
length of spiral for V = 50 mph is 147 feet. Our designer selected a 150 foot length).

Now, LT = (NC / e ) * LR = (0.02’/’ / 0.06’/’ ) * 150’ = 50 ft.

(compare the 50 ft to the tabled value in Table 16.13
where LT = 49 ft. when LS = 147 ft.

* STATION TO BEGIN TANGENT Runout

TS - LT =
28+14.22 0+50.00 = 27+ 64.22 start Tangent run out

* Station to begin superelevation run off = TS = 28+14.22 (TS station)

* Attain Full superelevation at TS + (LR) = 29+ 64.22 Achieve full e

Similar computations for stationing of the runout and runoff would be needed for the
departing spiral.

PART D - Verification - Original problem sheet does not identify this section as Part D, but
to help with organization, Part D is identified here.
a) verify that total spiraled curve is one spiral length longer than simple curve:
When using spiral, circular curve portion is: L =( (delta - 2 ΘS)/ D )* 100
= ((36O – 2 * 4.5O)/6O )* 100 = 450.00 ft
Total curved length = 150.00 + 450.00 + 150.00 = 750.00’

When only a circular curve was used L = delta / D * 100 = 600.00’

Additional curved length = 750 – 600 = 150’ which is one spiral length

b) Verify that tangent length for spiral is approximately 1/2 a spiral length longer than T for
circular curve.
T in circular curve was = 310.28 TS was 385.58’
Difference = 75.30’ which is approximately LS/2 = 75’
c) Verify that k is approximately 1/2 of LS
k = 74.98 or approximately 75 ‘ = LS /2
d) verify that p is within range of 0.66 to 3.33: p = 0.98 which is in desired range.

Table 1 Tabular summary of key stations and spiral components

Sect. Key point Location or value check

A. Minimum R = 833 ft Available R = 955 - OK
B.
BC Station (tangent = 310.28’) 28+89.72
EC Station ( L = 600.00’) 34+89.72

Superelevation runoff length 144.00’

Tangent runout length 48.00’
Begin tangent runout 27+40.92
Begin superelevation runoff 27+88.92
Attain full superelevation 29+32.92

C. With 150 foot spiral - Key spiral comps

Theta for spiral 4O 30’
P= 0.98’
k= 74.98
TS = 385.58

TS (tangent to spiral location = start of superelevation 28+14.22

runoff
Tangent runout begins 27+64.22
Full superelevation attained at 29+64.22

D. Verify length elements

a) Simple Curved length = 600’; spiraled curve = 750’ Diff = 150’ = LS check
b) T = 310.28 TS = 385.58 Diff = 75.30’ Diff ~ LS/2 check
K = 74.98’ k ~ LS/2 check
p = 0.98 P is in range of
0.66 to 3.33 check