EGE 3103

Engineer & Society

Technology, Engineering & Society
Lecturer: Ir.Ts. Azri Adi Arbai
 Learning Outcome

At the end of this lecture, you will understand:

• Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to Engineering

Activities
• Politic structure in Malaysia in Relation to Engineering Activities
• Social structure in Malaysia in Relation to Engineering Activities
• Roles and responsibilities of Engineers
• Related Acts, Standards and Organization
• REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER ACT 1967 (ACT 138)
• REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER REGULATIONS 1990
• Route to Become Professional Engineer
Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities

The Eleventh Malaysia Plan is a strategic plan that paves the way for Malaysia to
deliver the future that the 'rakyat' desires and deserves. It represents the
Government’s commitment to fulfilling the aspirations of the people. The
Eleventh Plan is based on the theme “anchoring growth on people”.
Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities

Green Technology
 Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Re-Engineering: Unlike continuous improvement or
benchmarking, reengineering is intended to
totally change the process.

The fundamental rethinking and radical

redesign of business processes to bring
about dramatic improvements in critical,
contemporary measures of performance,
such as cost, quality, service and speed.
 Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Re-Engineering: dramatic -- improvements not marginal/incremental, not 5 or 10
(Keyword)
% but quantum leaps

radical -- going to the roots of things. Starting over, reinventing

process -- a group of related tasks that together create value

for customers e.g.. order fulfillment

redesign -- the design of processes, how work is done

 Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Re-Engineering: it is not downsizing
is not
it is not restructuring

it is not a fad -- it works, brings about huge improvements

it is not more of the same -- it is revolutionary. Focus on end

to end processes and not specialization of labor
 Economic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Business Process Re-Engineering(BPR):
Politic structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Social structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Technological Changes

• Home

• School

• Workplace
Social structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities

What is Technology?
Technology is comprised of the products and
processes created by engineers to meet our needs and
wants.
Social structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities
Technology vs. Science
Technology Science
– Study of our human- – Study of our natural
made world world
– Deals with “what can – Deals with “what is”
be”
Social structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities

Most jobs today require technology skills.

Communities and society are concerned about
technology issues.
Social structure in Malaysia in Relation to
Engineering Activities

Technology has changed the workplace in

many ways.
examples…
Technology allows workers to
telecommute or do their work at home.
Technology also helps entrepreneurs start
and run businesses.
Technology impacts communities
examples…
Use of technology raises questions:
what are the costs?
what are the benefits?
which innovations will aid society?
Information Society – the main
economic activity is creating and
distributing knowledge
Computers make knowledge accessible
You need to know how to find and
judge the information
Fact vs. opinion (.edu or .gov)
E-mail management:
 viruses attached to e-mails
 Spam
 don’t open e-mails unless you know
the sender
 Never reply to spam or
click on links in a
spam e-mail.
Identity Theft
 identity theft is using a person’s personal
information to steal money or credit
 Don’t put personal information on the internet
 Assume anything posted on the internet is
public information (if you don’t want mom or
grandma to know…)
 Ordering on phone, place the call yourself
 Do internet business only with reputable
companies with secure web sites
 Tear up or shred personal papers
Steps to protect your identity
1. Secure your mail.
 Drop bills in public mailbox
 Hold mail if you won’t be home
2. Keep personal information private
3. Choose creative passwords – don’t choose
the obvious ones
4. Secure wireless computer connections
Intrusiveness
 technology can be intrusive when it
enters your life without your
invitation.
 Use the “Do Not Call” lists
 Use the spam filters in your system
 Use anti-virus software
 “phishing” handout
Cost of Technology
 Technology used by public entities
costs money
 Debate needs vs. wants

 Health Care Costs

 Medical technology saves lives but it is
very costly
 Take care of your health
 Advance directives are very important
Roles and responsibilities of Engineers

• Engineering is one of the key influences that shapes our society.

• Engineers don't just work with machines, designs and electronics,
they use maths and science to provide innovation and inventions
that shape our society and improve the way we live and work.
Do we need them?
Why not scientists?
Are engineers professionals?
Is there a relationship between the society
and the engineer?
Is society better from engineering?
Roles and responsibilities of Engineers

• WHAT DO ENGINEERS DO?

• All aboard the job train! Engineers work in a variety of fields to
analyze, develop and evaluate large-scale, complex systems. This
can mean and improve and maintaining current systems or
creating brand new projects.
• Engineers will design and draft blueprints, visit systems in the
field and manage projects.
 Roles and responsibilities of Engineers

• Job examples include

• Chemical Engineers
• Mechanical Engineers
• Civil Engineers
• Computer Engineers
• Environmental Engineers
 Roles and responsibilities of Engineers
• HOW MUCH DO ENGINEERS MAKE?
 Roles and responsibilities of Engineers
• HOW MUCH
DO ENGINEERS
MAKE?
Roles and responsibilities of Engineers

• JOB SKILLS AND REQUIREMENTS

• Creativity: You must be able to think of new systems and new ways to
work. You must be able to think creatively and ask the right questions.
• Math Skills: You must understand complex mathematical analysis,
calculus, and other mathematics for design and troubleshooting.
• Mechanical Skills: The ability to understand mechanical concepts and
processes easily, as well as use equipment and tools will help you in your
profession.
• Problem-Solving Skills: Engineers work to develop new solutions to
problems. You will need the skills to identify the source of the problem
and create and test solutions.
Roles and responsibilities of Engineers

• JOB SKILLS AND REQUIREMENTS

• Teamwork: Engineers will be part of a team in developing systems, fixing
problems or creating solutions. You will need to work well with others in
order to get the job done.
• Listening Skills: Listening to workers, teammates and management is
crucial to an engineer's job.
• Communication Skills: You must be able to communicate your plans,
thoughts, and rationale in your job. Good communication skills will help
you greatly in accomplishing your job.
• Project Management: Large-scale project require the ability to manage
time, supplies, personnel
Roles and responsibilities of Engineers
Related Acts, Standards and
Organisation
 Malaysian Standard (MS)
 British Standard (BS)
 Applicable Foreign Standard
 Dept of Standard Malaysia (DSM)
 Standard and Industrial Research Institute
Malaysia (SIRIM)
Related Acts, Standards and
Organisation
Related Acts, Standards and
Organisation
Related Acts, Standards and
Organisation
 Rules can be described as the guidelines or instructions of doing
something correctly. these are the principles that govern the conduct or
behavior or a person in an organization or country.

 On the other hand, regulations refer to the directives or statute enforced

by law, in a particular country.
(a) Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial
Effluents) Regulations 1979;
(b) Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Crude
Palm Oil) Regulations 1977 and Amendments 1982; and
(c) Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Raw
Natural Rubber) Regulations 1978 and Amendments 1981.
Introduction
 As a citizen and working in Malaysia, you are subjected to law of
Malaysia.
 Law of Malaysia regulates the citizens in their relations with the state
and with one another.
 Public Law – regulates the relationship between the citizen and the
state, can be further subdivided into Constitutional Law, Administrative
Law and Criminal Law.
 Private Law – Also known as Civil Law, regulates the relationship
between a citizen and another. Subdivided into Contract, Tort, Trust,
Land, Family, Company, Partnership, Agency and Commercial Law.
 Malaysian Law

Public Law Private Law

Constitutional Law Contract

Adminstrative Law Insurance

Criminal Law Sale of Goods

Bill of Exchange

Tort

Trust

Malaysian Law structure Family Law

Company Law

Property Law

etc...
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER ACT 1967
(ACT 138)
 Revised up to : 1987
 Date of Royal Assent : 12th January 1987
 Date of publication in Gazette : 15th January 1987
 Enacted in 1967 (ACT 138) as Act No. 66 of 1967

 The objectives of the Act;

 To safeguard the statutory act
 To regulate practice of engineers
 To protect public and to up-grade engineers
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER ACT 1967
(ACT 138)

Arrangement of Sections

PART I – PRELIMINARY
PART II – BOARD OF ENGINEERS
PART III – REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS
PART IV – CANCELLATION, REMOVAL AND
REINSTATEMENT
PART V – GENERAL
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER REGULATIONS 1990

Arrangement of Regulations
PART I – PRELIMINARY
PART II – ADMINISTRATION
PART III – REGISTRATION OF GRADUATE ENGINEERS
AND PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
PART IV – CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
PART V – REGISTRATION OF BODIES CORPORATE
PRACTISING AS CONSULTING ENGINEERS
PART VI – PROFESSIONAL ASSASSMENT
EXAMINATION
PART VII – REVOCATION
 REGISTRATION OF ENGINEER ACT
1967 (ACT 138)

Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) is the regulatory body, set-up by the Malaysian
Government under the Registration of Engineers Act (1967) -- REA to
regulate engineering practice in Malaysia by administering and enforcing the
Engineering Act and its provisions to protect public interest.

 Only Graduate Engineers or Professional Engineers registered with the Board are
allowed to practice engineering in Malaysia.

 Engineering graduates must register as a graduate engineer with BEM within 6

months of practice.
Requirement by the law for employment in
engineering to register with BEM

Section 10(1) of Registration of Engineer Act 1967

 Section 10(1) of Registration of Engineer Act 1967 ;
 (a) Subject to this Act, any person who holds the
qualification required for Graduate membership of the
Institution of Engineers (Malaysia) or such other
qualification as the board consider to be equivalent thereto,
shall be entitled on application to be registered as a
Graduate Engineer.
 (b) Subject to this Act, a person who is registered as a
Graduate Engineer under paragraph (a) shall be required to
obtain such practical experience as may be prescribed by
the board after consultation with the Minister in order to be
entitled to apply for registration as a Professional Engineer
under subsection (2).
 LAWS OF MALAYSIA REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS ACT 1967 AND REGISTRATION OF
ENGINEERS REGULATIONS 1990 (Incorporating Amendments up to 2015)

New Categories of Registered Persons

 Route to become PE

GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REGISTRATION REGISTRATION

At least three Professional

BEM Graduate Assessment
years
Engineer Examination
experience in
branch of
engineering Completed 60
specified at Units of
graduate PDP
registration
Professional
Engineer
 Pre-requisite to sit for the
Professional Assessment Examination

 Registered as a Graduate Engineer with

BEM
 At least three years engineering experience
(after registration as graduate engineer) in
the branch of engineering specified at
graduate registration
 PRACTICAL TRAINING

• At least 12 months must be obtained No relevant

in Malaysia under the supervision of PE supervising
me !!
a Professional Engineer who is in the
same or related branch as that
practiced by the graduate engineer
What do you
mean!! • Experience should be acquired in
design and site besides
application of engineering
science and knowledge.
CIVIL ENGINEERING CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to have:

 At least twelve months of design

experience
 At least twelve months of site experience
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to have:

 At least TWELVE months of design

experience
 At least SIX months of site experience
MECHANICAL & CHEMICAL

Candidates are required to have:

 At least six months of design

experience
 At least six months of site experience
Design Experience

 means the period, in man months, of training

and experience that the candidate spends in
an office environment to plan, manage and
execute design work, feasibility study,
research and development work, or
operation and maintenance work under a
Supervising Engineer.
Site Experience

 Means the period of training and

experience of the candidate during which he
spends his time in the site/field either
supervising an engineering work or being
involved in operation and maintenance
work.
 Site/field experience shall not
consist merely of periodical and
routine site/field inspections,
attending site meetings.
Site Experience contd…

 shall have to include activities

which demonstrate engineering proficiency and
competency like trouble-
shooting, site situational
problem solving, clarifying of
design uncertainties, proposing
of better alternative designs,
reviewing parameters and improving work procedures and
standard practice, surveys, material testing and work
sequencing.
GRADUATES INVOLVED IN
RESEARCH AND TEACHING

Graduates must have at least 12

months (can be carried out in different
periods and accumulated) of practical
training (not to include R&D but can
include consultancy) obtained in
Malaysia under the supervision of a
Professional Engineer in the same (or
related) branch of engineering as that
practised by the graduate engineer