EGE 3103

Engineer & Society

Introduction to Local Industry
Lecturer: Ir.Ts. Azri Adi Arbai
Module Descriptor

On completion of this subject, students will be able to:

• CO1: Recognise the impact of regulation in industry. [PO12]

• CO2: Appraise the socio-economic and basic technological issues relating to the local
industry. [PO7]

• CO3: Analyse the impact of technology on the society, economy, and politics
globally.[PO6]

• CO4: Appreciate the responsibilities of environmental protection and the duties of

securing health and safety in the workplace [PO6]

• CO5: Analyse the ethical issues and rules of conduct for the profession associated with
contemporary issues. [PO8]
Module Descriptor

Content outline of the subject :

• Chapter 1: Introduction of Local Industry

• Chapter 2: Technology , Engineering & Society

• Chapter 3: Ethics in Practice

• Chapter 4: Employment, Health and Safety

• Chapter 5: Engineer and Entrpreneurship

Module Descriptor

Assessment Distribution:

Type Assessment Number %Each %Total

Summative Final Examination 1 60 60

Test 1 20 20

Formative Group assignment 1 10 10

Presentation 1 10 10

Total 100
 Learning Outcome

At the end of this lecture, you will understand:

• To understand the concept of Industry Revolution

• To know the transition of IR 1.0, 2.0,3.0 & 4.0
• The concept of IR 4.0
• 9 Technology Pillars of IR 4.0
• Work transformation of IR 4.0
• Key Challenge of IR 4.0
• Concept of Newly industrialized countries
• Socio Economy in Malaysia
What is Industry Revolution???
The Industry 4.0 Transformation
Industry 4.0 Environment
9 Technology Pillars – Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0: Why we need it?

Cost Complexity
 Eliminate waste & losses  Sub-Nano technology
 Eliminate hidden cost  Cyber Physical System
 Cost reduction  Exponential technologies

 Personalize  Digitalization
 Fast, Cheap, Quality  Increase competitiveness
 Total Customer Satisfaction  Globalization

Customer Competition
Industry 4.0: Workforce Transformation
(Malaysia)
CURRENT INDUSTRY 4.0

High Skilled Technical (Engineer) High Skilled Innovator (Engineer)

Local Local (Existing)

Mid Skilled Mid Skilled
(Technician) (Specialist)
Foreign Local (Upgrade)

Local Robotics
Low Skilled Low Skilled
(Operator) (Operator)
Foreign Automation

 Industry 4.0 will eliminate our dependency on Foreign labour workforce

 Industry 4.0 will provide platform for job upgrade on existing local workforce
Industry 4.0: Key Challenges
o New emerging technologies (Augmented reality, Cyber Security, IoT, Big Data
GOVERNMENT

Analytics, etc.)
Attitude Skill
o Multi discipline role and responsibilities to support the new revolution.
Expertise
Knowled
ge
o Lack on local expertise to create and provide new training program.
o Develop ‘I LOVE TECHNOLOGY’ attitude and mind-set.
o Lack on local content for system hardware and software.
EDUCATION & TRAINING

o Policy on Industry 4.0 related research and development, security of integrated

system, legal framework conditions, work, training and further education.
o New Industry 4.0 technology and skill transfer from overseas as part of pioneer
status application. Localize hardware assembly.
o High level nationwide Industry 4.0 framework and review panel/board.
o Digitalization in manufacturing technologies will require new incentive.
POLICIES
INDUSTRY

o Merging the old and new system, techniques, machinery, protocols with complex
protocols will be complicated.
o Traditional IT infrastructure merging with new IIoT system integration will require
massive reorg and reskill of the workforce.

FRAGMENTED LAYOUT
Industry 4.0: Key Challenges
o Data ransom at the rise of the focus by hackers and system attackers.
o Manufacturing sector are more vulnerable to attack with interconnectivity
through cyber physical system.
o Require more white hacker to develop full proof security system as
attacker continue to look for loop hole.
DATA SECURITY & PRIVACY
INDUSTRY

o More data scientist needed means more statistician with operational

background.
o More complex bid data analytics from industrial data source. Not typical
consumer based data anymore and transforming into well structured data
format.
BIG DATA

o Industry 4.0 is about transforming the organization into new culture and
promote technology as the way to move forward. Top management must
endorse on it first before the rest follow.
o Need more systematic master framework to ease the deployment plan.

CORPORATE
(CULTURE, FINANCIAL, STRUCTURE)
Interaction of Local Industry with others
newly industrialized countries

1)What is newly industrialized countries?

2)There are 3 main characteristics of NICs - but what are they?
3)Examples of NICs include……
Interaction of Local Industry with others
newly industrialized countries

1)What is newly industrialized countries?

• Country that has recently increased the portion of its
national production and exports derived from industrial
Operations.
• The profits generated by exports were re-invested in the domestic economy.
Domestic businesses grew, wages rose, and workers spent their new wealth on
home-produced goods and services - thus stimulating further growth.
This kind of cycle or knock-on effect, in which money paid out by businesses is
re-invested in the economy, is sometimes called the multiplier effect.
 Interaction of Local Industry with others
newly industrialized countries
2)There are 3 main characteristics of NICs – but what are they?
3 Stages….
2

1 The country develops Import

This stage has traditional,
labour intensive
industries, using low
levels of technology and
local raw materials such
as textiles.
Substitution Industries (ISIs) at
home to replace expensive
imports, which are subjected to
high levels of tax.

3
The country moves into Export
Orientated Industries (EOIs) which
are high-technology and require a lot
of capital investment. They require a
lot of Research and Development
(R&D), but generate rapid growth in
the economy.

“Living Graph”
Interaction of Local Industry with others
newly industrialized countries
3) Examples of NICs include……
Newly industrialized countries: South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand
Interaction of Local Industry with others
newly industrialized countries

Malaysia Trading Partner

Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Definition of socio-economic:
Social economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the
relationship between social behavior and economics. It examines
how social norms, ethics, emerging popular sentiments, and other
social philosophies influence consumer behavior and shape public
buying trends. It uses history, current events, politics, and other
social sciences to predict potential results from changes to society
or the economy.
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Social Economic problems are divided into two main

parts.

Social problems
Economical Problems
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Social Problem:
1. Poverty
2. Illiteracy
3. Corruption
4. Unemployment
5. Child Labour
6. Health Problem
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Economic Problem:
1. Power crises
2. War on terrorism
3. Declining export
4. Tumbling stock-market
5. Lack of tourism
6. Loss in business
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Poverty
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Corruption
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Corruption
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Corruption
Main Reason for corruption
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Unemployment
Socio Economic in Malaysia

• Unemployment
Socio Economic in Malaysia

Declining export
Socio Economic in Malaysia

Loss of Business
Socio Economic in Malaysia

Loss of Business
Socio Economic in Malaysia

Loss of Business
KUALA LUMPUR (Nov 30): Genting Malaysia Bhd (GENM), whose share price has been going
downhill, announced its largest quarterly net loss of RM1.49 billion for the third quarter
ended Sept 30, 2018 (3QFY18), due to an impairment of its investment into promissory
notes issued by the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe for the development of an integrated
gaming resort in Massachusetts, US.