TEST I

CATEGORICAL DATA ANALYSIS

A hotel chain owner wants to determine if there is an association between the cleanliness of a hotel room
and customer satisfaction. As such, a total of 189 hotel customers were randomly sampled from all
customers staying one night in a large hotel chain. At the end of their stay, the customers were asked to
complete a questionnaire with two questions: (1) How satisfied were you with your stay?; and (2) How
would you rate the cleanliness of your hotel room? (the ordinal dependent variable is "customer
satisfaction", measured on a five point scale from "very satisfied" to "very dissatisfied", and the ordinal
independent variable is "hotel room cleanliness", measured on a three point scale from "above average" to
"below average")

Hotel room Customer satisfaction

cleanliness Very Moderately Neutral Moderately Very satisfied
dissatisfied dissatisfied satisfied
Below average 27 25 14 7 0
Average 7 14 18 35 12
Above average 1 3 2 7 17
Measure the strength of association between customer satisfaction and hotel room cleanliness by using
appropriate measure of association.
A medical research team wished to evaluate a proposed screening test for Alzheimer’s disease. The test
was given to a random sample of 450 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and an independent random
sample of 500 patients without symptoms of the disease. The two sample were drawn from populations of
subjects who were 65 years of age or older. The results are as follows:
Alzheimer’s Diagnosis?
Test Results Yes (D) No (D) Total
Positive (T) 436 5 441
Negative (T) 14 495 509
Total 450 500 950

Compute the following measures and assess the validity of the proposed screening test;
i. Specificity
ii. Sensitivity
iii. Positive Predictive Rate
iv. Negative Predictive Rate
The data given below relate to the results of a cohort study of Myocardial Infarction (MI) in 200 smoking and 200
non-smoking men matched by age, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol concentration.
Smokers
MI Not-MI
Non-smokers MI 7 14
Not-MI 29 150
Test the significance between smoking and MI at 5% level of significance.
The following table shows 1000 nursing school applicants classified according to scores made on a college entrance
examination and the quality of the high school from which they graduated, as rated by a group of educators:
Quality of High School
Score Poor Average Superior Total
Low 105 60 55 220
Medium 70 175 145 390
High 25 65 300 390
Total 200 300 500 1000
Does scores made on a college entrance examination improved as the quality of high school increases? Test at 5%
level of significance.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of a drug on the disease, the result of diagnosis before and after the
treatment is tabulated on a 2x2 contingency table.

After
Before
Positive Negative
Positive 7 13
Negative 1 8

Test the hypothesis whether the drug has an effect on the disease. Let α = .05.

The following table shows 1000 nursing school applicants classified according to scores made on
a college entrance examination and the quality of the high school from which they graduated, as
rated by a group of educators:
Quality of High School
Score Poor Average Superior Total
Low 105 60 55 220
Medium 70 175 145 390
High 25 65 300 390
Total 200 300 500 1000
Does scores made on a college entrance examination improved as the quality of high school
increases? Test at 5% level of significance
The following hypothetical data comes from a medical test where two radiographers rated 50
images for needing further study. The researchers (A and B) either said Yes (for further study) or
No (No further study needed).
 20 images were rated Yes by both.
 15 images were rated No by both.
 Overall, rater A said Yes to 25 images and No to 25.
 Overall, Rater B said Yes to 30 images and No to 20.
Calculate strength of association between two raters.