SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR "FOUR LANNING OF ALIGARH-KANPUR SCTION FROM KM 140.

200 (DESIGN
CH.149.900) TO KM 186.000 (DESIGN CH. 195.733) [PACKAGE-I FROM ALIGARH-BHADWAS] OF NH-91 IN THE STATE OF
UTTAR PRADESH ON HYBRID ANNUITY MODE UNDER BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA"
Location- 153+200km Appendix-A

A-1.0 FINDINGS OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

A-1.1 The classification of subsoil strata met at this site was done according to IS: 1498-1970. The
test results can be summarized as below-

Borehole wise Summary

BH-1: The subsoil strata from 0 to 1.0 m consist of Fill: Sandy silt with brick bats underlain by
Light grey clayey silt of medium plasticity (CI) upto 2.0 m depth. Then Light grey silty
sand (SM) upto 7.5 m depth and Light grey fine sand (SP-SM) is met upto finally
explored depth of 15.45 m.
Table no. 1
Bore Hole Wise Details Of Subsoil Strata.
Depth,m Soil Range of Soil properties
From To Classification N
valueto
0.0 1.0 Fill: Sandy silt with brick bats - -
Light grey clayey silt of medium plasticity
1.0 2.0 19 UUT c=0.35kg/cm2, Ø=9º
(CI)
2.0 7.5 Light grey silty sand (SM) 14-18 DST c=0.00kg/cm2, Ø=29º
7.5 15.45 Light grey fine sand (SP-SM) 21-46 DST c=0.00kg/cm2, Ø=32º
WATER TABLE: 8.0 m

The layer wise properties of the subsoil strata encountered at this site and used in design are
given in following table no. 2.
Table No. 2
Layerwise Properties of Subsoil Strata
Depth,m Effective unit Shear Parameters Earth Pressure Coefficients
From To Weight,gm/cc C (kg/cm2) Ø (degree) k0 ka kp
0.0 1.0 0.67 - - - - -
1.0 2.0 0.69 0.35 9 0.84 0.73 1.37
2.0 7.5 0.74 0.00 29 0.52 0.35 2.88
7.5 15.45 0.97 0.00 32 0.50 0.33 3.00

The Detail description of subsoil strata encountered along with various laboratory test
results are presented in the respective bore log given in table no. A-1 enclosed with this
report.

The subsoil profile depicting the distribution of the various subsoil strata along the
alignment along with N values (observed/corrected) and other strength parameters with
depth are given in subsoil profile enclosed with this report.

The SPT Curve & Table (No/Nc), Grain Size Analysis Curve, Mohr Circle Diagrams etc.
are enclosed with this report.

A-1.2 GROUND WATER

The ground water table encountered at 8.0 m depth in the borehole below existing ground
surface during boring activities at site. However, as the surface water may percolate in heavy
rainy season hence for the design purposes effect of ground water table can be considered at
ground level.

A-1
SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR "FOUR LANNING OF ALIGARH-KANPUR SCTION FROM KM 140.200 (DESIGN
CH.149.900) TO KM 186.000 (DESIGN CH. 195.733) [PACKAGE-I FROM ALIGARH-BHADWAS] OF NH-91 IN THE STATE OF
UTTAR PRADESH ON HYBRID ANNUITY MODE UNDER BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA"
Location- 153+200km Appendix-A

A-2.0 PROPOSED DEPTH & TYPE OF FOUNDATIONS

Depending upon the visual examination of soil & field strata, field and laboratory test results and the
type of structures proposed at this site, the safe bearing capacity of sub-soil strata for proposed bridge
(Raft footing/open foundation) have been analyzed.
Scour is considered negligible for the purpose of analysis. The details of the proposed foundations
are presented in the following paragraph:

Raft footing of widths 6.0 m & open foundation of 3.0 m cast at 3.5, 4.5 & 5.5 m depth below natural
ground surface.

Alternatively for heavier loads, pile foundations may be provided.

A-2.1. COMPUTATION OF SAFE /ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY:

Shear and settlement failure criteria as per IS: 6403- 1981, IS: 8009 (part-1)-1976 and IS:
1904-1986 have been considered to compute the safe / allowable bearing capacity of
underlying soil strata for Proposed Bridge.

The safe/allowable bearing capacity from both criteria is given as follows:-

A-2.2. SHEAR FAILURE CRITERION:

The net safe bearing capacity of sub-soil strata has been computed by considering
average of general and local shear failure using the following equation for calculating
the net ultimate bearing capacity.

Qnu = 2/3 C N‘c Sc dc ic+q (Nq’–1) Sqdqiq+1/2 γ BNγ’Sγdγ iγ × W’

The following lowest soil parameters at foundation depth level are selected from bore hole
for calculations:
C=0.0 T/m2 Ø=29˚
Average Shear Parameters are computed by the following equation by iteration:

Cav=(C1h1+C2h2+--------+Cnhn)/h

tan Ø av=(h1 tan Ø1+h2 tan Ø2+----------+hn tan Øn)/h

where, h =0.5×B×tan(45+ Øav/2) below foundation level

and Ci, Øi, hi-cohesion, angle of friction and thickness of ith layer below foundation level and
upto thickness h respectively.

Shape factors have been taken as follows:-

Sc = Sq = 1 + 0.2 B/L, Sγ = 1 – 0.4 B/L (for raft footing)
ic=iq=iγ=1.0

Effective density:-
0.0 m to 1.0 m : 0.67 t/cu.m.
1.0 m to 2.0 m : 0.69 t/cu.m.
2.0 m to 7.5 m : 0.74 t/cu.m.

A-2
SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR "FOUR LANNING OF ALIGARH-KANPUR SCTION FROM KM 140.200 (DESIGN
CH.149.900) TO KM 186.000 (DESIGN CH. 195.733) [PACKAGE-I FROM ALIGARH-BHADWAS] OF NH-91 IN THE STATE OF
UTTAR PRADESH ON HYBRID ANNUITY MODE UNDER BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA"
Location- 153+200km Appendix-A

7.5 m to 15.0 m : 0.97 t/cu.m.

Depth factors:
dc=1+0.2×of/B tan (45º+ Øav/2)
dq=dγ=1 to 0.1×Df/B tan (45º+ Øav/2)

Water correction factor (w)’ = 0.5

Factor of safety F.O.S=2.5

Using the above equation and parameters, the following values of net safe bearing capacity
have been computed in following table no. 3
Table no. 3
Net Safe Bearing Capacity Based On Shear Failure Criterion
Depth of foundation below Type of Width of footing Net safe bearing
natural ground level (m) foundation (m) (m) capacity (t/m2)
Open 3.0 m 20.1
3.5
Raft 6.0 m 24.9
Open 3.0 m 25.5
4.5
Raft 6.0 m 29.9
Open 3.0 m 31.6
5.5
Raft 6.0 m 35.1

A-2.3. SETTLEMENT FAILURE CRITERION:

The settlement of sandy layers below the foundation level and up to the zone of Influence are
computed by using the chart of Settlement vs SPT ‘N’ given on page 17 of IS 8009, part-I

For Raft footings, the zone of influence below the foundation depth is considered equal to
2.0B, where B is the width of foundation. The total permissible settlements have been
considered as 25, 50 & 75 mm.

The soil parameters have been adopted from the following table no. 4.
Table no. 4
Settlement Parameters (N Observed)
Depth below Ground level (m) N Observed
0-1.0 -
1.0-2.0 19
2.0-7.5 14-18
7.5-15.45 21-46

The values of net allowable pressure intensities computed based on the above selected soil
parameters are given in following Table no. 5.

Table No. 5:
Net Allowable Pressure Intensity based on settlement failure criterion.
Depth of foundation Type of Width of Net Allowable Pressure intensity (t/m2)
below natural foundation Foundation

A-3
SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR "FOUR LANNING OF ALIGARH-KANPUR SCTION FROM KM 140.200 (DESIGN
CH.149.900) TO KM 186.000 (DESIGN CH. 195.733) [PACKAGE-I FROM ALIGARH-BHADWAS] OF NH-91 IN THE STATE OF
UTTAR PRADESH ON HYBRID ANNUITY MODE UNDER BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA"
Location- 153+200km Appendix-A

ground level (m) (m) (m) S=25 mm S=50 mm S=75 mm

Open 3.0 m 6.8 13.6 20.4
3.5
Raft 6.0 m 6.7 13.4 20.1
Open 3.0 m 8.2 16.4 24.6
4.5
Raft 6.0 m 7.9 15.8 23.7
Open 3.0 m 9.5 19.0 28.5
5.5
Raft 6.0 m 9.1 18.2 27.3
Sample Calculations are given at Table No.A-3

A-2.4. CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SUBSOIL AND GROUND WATER SAMPLES:-

The chemical analysis tests on subsoil sample indicates (ref. table no. A-2) that the pH value,
chloride content and sulphate content are within permissible limits and Ordinary Portland
Cement or Portland Slag Cement or Portland Pozzolana Cement can be used for RCC work.
The minimum cement content and maximum free water-cement ratio shall be maintained as
per IS: 456, 2000.

A-3.0 CONCLUSION WITH RECOMMENDATIONS:

On the basis of above Geotechnical investigation the following recommendations are suggested:

A-3.1. The subsoil strata at this site consist of primarily sandy silt. The subsoil strata have been
described in detail in clause A-1.0.

A-3.2. The subsoil strata are medium stiff upto to 8.0 m depth and below this depth the subsoil
strata are stiff upto the depth of exploration of 30.0 m.

A-3.3. On the basis of field and laboratory test results, and analysis in section A-1.0, the lower
values of net safe bearing capacity obtained from shear failure criterion and net allowable
pressure intensity obtained from settlement failure criterion can be adopted for design
purposes. The recommended value of net safe bearing capacities/net allowable pressure
intensities for design purposes, are given in the following table no. 6:-
Table no. 6:
Recommended Values of Net SBC/API
Depth of foundation Type of Width of Net Allowable Pressure intensity (t/m2)
below natural foundation Foundation
ground level (m) (m) (m) S=25 mm S=50 mm S=75 mm
Open 3.0 m 6.8 13.6 20.1
3.5
Raft 6.0 m 6.7 13.4 20.1
Open 3.0 m 8.2 16.4 24.6
4.5
Raft 6.0 m 7.9 15.8 23.7
Open 3.0 m 9.5 19.0 28.5
5.5
Raft 6.0 m 9.1 18.2 27.3
Sample Calculations are given at Table No.A-3

A-3.4. The ground water table was encountered at 8.0 m depth below existing ground level in the
boreholes during boring activities at site. The measured ground water table may fluctuate
due to variation in climatic conditions and in rate of surface evaporation. For design
purposes the ground water table can be considered at ground level.

A-3.5. Layer wise properties of the encountered subsoil strata may be adopted from table no. A-1
given in clause A-1.0.

A-4
SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK FOR "FOUR LANNING OF ALIGARH-KANPUR SCTION FROM KM 140.200 (DESIGN
CH.149.900) TO KM 186.000 (DESIGN CH. 195.733) [PACKAGE-I FROM ALIGARH-BHADWAS] OF NH-91 IN THE STATE OF
UTTAR PRADESH ON HYBRID ANNUITY MODE UNDER BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA"
Location- 153+200km Appendix-A

A-3.6. As the water table exists at 8.0 m depth; water table may not be encountered during
excavation for shallow foundations. So dewatering need not to be done.

A-3.7. The chemical analysis tests on ground water sample (ref table no.A-2) indicate that chloride
content, sulphate content and pH value are within permissible limits and the ground water is
fit for construction purposes.

The chemical analysis tests on subsoil sample indicates (ref. table no. A-2) that the Ordinary
Portland Cement or Portland Slag Cement or Portland Pozzolana Cement can be used for
RCC work. The minimum cement content and maximum free water-cement ratio shall be
maintained as per IS: 456, 2000.

A-3.8. The slope of the excavated pit may be kept upto 1 vertical on 0.3-0.5 horizontal during
excavation. However, if space is constraint then suitably designed bracing and strutting
system should be adopted.

A-3.9. As per IS 1893:2002, the site falls under earthquake Zone-IV. In the topsoil layers where
SPT values are more than 15, mostly sandy silt is met which may not liquefy during
earthquake.

A-3.10. The above recommendations have been made on the basis of in situ tests and laboratory tests
conducted on the samples collected from limited number of bore holes bored at the locations
given by the client. If during construction, any unusual or abnormal features are noticed,
these may be brought to the attention of Geotechnical Consultants for further suggestions.

A-5