CONCRETE

SELF STUDY
- A study on the effect of GGBS on the properties of
concrete -
 INTRODUCTION 2

This project was performed by the students of the C3 batch under the guidance of A Sreenivasa
Murthy Sir. We made use of GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag) incorporated with cement
to prepare concrete of the M30 grade.

The properties of concrete are greatly influenced by the composition of the cement paste. Thus the
study of the composition of the cement paste is of great importance and the possible modifications
that can be made in this domain are of great value. Therefore, our experiment involved replacing some
of the cement with secondary cementitious materials, which was GGBS, in our case.

Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a
by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy,
granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
 INTRODUCTION 3

The main components of blast furnace slag are CaO (30-50%), SiO2 (28-38%), Al2O3 (8-24%), and MgO
(1-18%). In general increasing the CaO content of the slag results in raised slag basicity and an increase in
compressive strength. The MgO and Al2O3 content show the same trend up to respectively 10-12% and 14%,
beyond which no further improvement can be obtained.

Concrete made with GGBS cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary Portland cement,
depending on the amount of GGBS in the cementitious material, but also continues to gain strength over a
longer period in production conditions. This results in lower heat of hydration and lower temperature rises,
and makes avoiding cold joints easier, but may also affect construction schedules where quick setting is
required.

Use of GGBS significantly reduces the risk of damages caused by alkali–silica reaction (ASR), provides higher
resistance to chloride ingress — reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion — and provides higher
resistance to attacks by sulfate and other chemicals.
 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

● "Improving Properties of Concrete by Adding Pozzolanic Material Such as, Silica Fumes and
Ground Glass Blast Furnace Slag in India" - Mohd Ismail Wani, Mr. Zeshan Khan.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of high performance concrete (HPC)
containing supplementary cementitious materials in both binary and ternary systems.

Link - https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2338.pdf

● "Effect on the Engineering Properties of Pervious Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement

with GGBS" - Chandrashekar V C,Tejaswini P S ,Madhu KS, Deepa T, Poornima KB.

In this study experimental investigation is carried out to study the properties of Pervious
Concrete by partial replacing cement with different percentages of GGBS. To achieve optimum
concrete mix various trial mixes are done by varying cement, coarse aggregate, water and
super plasticizers. This concrete is tested for its fresh properties such as workability and
Hardened Properties such as density, void ratio, compressive strength, and water permeability.

Link - http://www.grdjournals.com/article?paper_id=GRDJEV03I030009
 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

● “Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS) In Concrete – A Review” - D. Suresh, K. Nagaraju.

The present technical report focuses on investigating characteristics of concrete with partial
replacement of cement with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS). The topic deals
with the usage of GGBS and advantages as well as disadvantages in using it in concrete.

Link - http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/vol12-issue4/Version-6/I012467682.pdf
OBJECTIVES 6

To prepare M30 grade concrete with partial

replacement (15% & 30%) of cement using GGBS

To test the workability of the prepared concrete

using slump test

To test the prepared concrete’s strength in

compression using compression test and in tension
using split tensile test after 14 days of curing

To compare the aforementioned values for different

GGBS contents and analyse the results to determine
an optimal replacement value
 METHODOLOGY 7

GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag)
was incorporated with cement to prepare M30
grade concrete. The GGBS was procured from
UltraTech RMC Plant, K.R. Puram
3 cubes (150 x 150 x 150 mm3) and 2 cylinders
(100 mm dia and 200 mm height) each were
cast for 15% and 30% replacement using GGBS
in the laboratory under the guided supervision
of teachers and assistants

The specimens were painted for identification,

Initially, the procured GGBS was sieved
stored in moist air in a humidity chamber for a
under a 90µm sieve to check for proper
period of 24 hours, removed from the mould
particle size and to eliminate larger
and kept submerged in a water storage tank for
impurities and coagulated granules
a period of 14 days for water curing

The mix design was prepared following the

The specimens were removed from the water
IS codal provisions for both 15% and 30%
and then tested, the cubes for compression
replacement of cement by GGBS. This was
and the cylinders for tension
followed by a slump test to determine
workability
MIX DESIGN (15% GGBS) 8

❏ CEMENT = 327.25 kg/m³

❏ GGBS = 57.75 kg/m³
❏ WATER = 140 kg/m³
❏ FINE AGGREGATES = 879
kg/m³
❏ COARSE AGGREGATES = 1119
kg/m³
❏ SUPERPLASTICIZER = 7.7
kg/m³
❏ WATER-CEMENT RATIO =
0.364
MIX DESIGN (30% GGBS) 9

❏ CEMENT = 269.5 kg/m³

❏ GGBS = 115.5 kg/m³
❏ WATER = 140 kg/m³
❏ FINE AGGREGATES = 1077
kg/m³
❏ COARSE AGGREGATES = 1116.1
kg/m³
❏ SUPERPLASTICIZER = 7.7
kg/m³
❏ WATER-CEMENT RATIO =
0.364
 PHOTO GALLERY 10

Suraj M and Suraj G at the UltraTech The storage tank where the specimens Suneel and Sumanyu hard at
plant to procure the GGBS sample were kept submerged for curing work
 PHOTO GALLERY 11

A cube failing during the compression A cylinder during the split

A 30% GGBS cube being tested for
test tensile test
compression
RESULTS 12

Compressive test
A comparison of a 30% GGBS
cube, a 15% GGBS cube and a
normal M30 cube indicates that
the maximum strength was
achieved for the 15% cubes

Slump test
The slump cone test resulted in
shear failure for both cases. We
reckon this is due to the poor
workability of GGBS owing to its
angular particle shape
 Split Tensile Strength Test 13

A split tensile test didn’t reveal much change in

values from those observed in a plain concrete
cylinder of the same grade. But among the three,
the 15% showed greater tensile strength than the
30% cylinder and the PCC cylinder

Test Readings
Compressive 30% GGBS
PCC Cube 15% GGBS cube
strength (MPa) cube

Sample 1 27.42 37.90 32.46

Sample 2 29.26 41.00 37.44

Sample 3 26.30 39.41 35.76

Tensile Strength 15% GGBS 30% GGBS

PCC cylinder
(MPa) cylinder cylinder

Sample 1 2.56 2.74 2.91

Sample 2 2.38 3.09 2.53

 FURTHER SCOPE

In performing this experiment we see a marked

increase in the strength of concrete when cement
is partially replaced with GGBS. This proves to be
very effective as it not only makes the process
more economical but also utilizes the by-product
of another industry.

Thus GGBS when used partially replacing cement

can be used in regular concreting works which is
greatly beneficial to the environment due to the
mass scale of construction these days.

It has great durability that can extend the lifespan

of buildings and furthermore, it lightens the colour
of the concrete and provides a smoother, defect
free surface which can be utilized in areas where
concrete is exposed.
 NAME USN

SUCHETH GANAPATHI 1BM17CV158

STUDENTS
SUMANYU KRISHNA 1BM17CV160 INVOLVED
SUNEEL 1BM17CV161

SURAJ GEORGE K 1BM17CV162

SURAJ M 1BM17CV163

SUSHMA J P 1BM17CV164

TAHAWUR HUSSAIN 1BM17CV165

TARUN RAJ SINGH 1BM17CV167

TEJASWINI J 1BM17CV168

SHARANABASAPPA K 1BM18CV431
THANK
YOU