Vi Crimes Against Public Morals

TITLE VI CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS
Chapter(One( game, of, Jai, Alai, or, the, Special, Llave,

GAMBLING(AND(BETTING( portion,or,any,result,thereof,based,on,
( any, fictitious, Jai, Alai, game, consisting,
(1)!Gambling,(Art.,195), of, ten, (10), players, pitted, against, one,
(2)!Importation,,sale,and,possession,of, another,,and,its,variants.,
lottery,tickets,or,advertisements,(Art., ,
196), d)! Last,Two.,—,An,illegal,numbers,game,
(3)!Betting,in,sports,contests,(Art.,197), where, the, winning, combination, is,
(4)!Illegal,betting,on,horse,races,(Art., derived,from,the,last,two,(2),numbers,
198), of, the, first, prize, of, the, winning,
(5)!Illegal,cockfighting,(Art.,199), Sweepstakes, ticket, which, comes, out,
( during, the, weekly, draw, of, the,
Gambling1( Philippine,Charity,Sweepstakes,Office,
( (PCSO),,and,its,variants.,
Gambling,(definition( ,
any,game,or,scheme,,whether,upon,chance,or, e)! Bettor,("Mananaya",, "Tayador",or,
skill,, wherein, wagers, consisting, of, money,, variants, thereof)., —, Any, person, who,
articles,or,value,or,representative,of,value,are, places, bets, for, himself/herself, or, in,
at,stake,or,made., behalf, of, another, person,, or, any,
( person,, other, than, the, personnel, or,
Arts.(195C199(and(provisions(of(PD(483(and( staff, of, any, illegal, numbers, game,
449( are( repealed( insofar( as( they( are( operation.,
inconsistent(with(PD(1602,(which(provides( ,
for( stiffer( penalties( for( violation( of( the( f)! Personnel, or, Staff, of, Illegal,, Numbers,
Gambling(Laws.( Game, Operation., —, Any, person,, who,
, acts, in, the, interest, of, the, maintainer,,
Definition(of(Terms( manager,or,operator,,such,as,,but,not,
limited, to,, an, accountant,, cashier,,
(
checker,,guard,,runner,,table,manager,,
a)! Illegal, Numbers, Game, (ING)., —, Any,
usher,,watcher,,or,any,other,personnel,
form,of,illegal,gambling,activity,which,
such, similar, functions, in, a, building,,
uses,numbers,or,combinations,thereof,
structure,,vessel,,vehicle,,or,any,other,
as,factors,in,giving,out,jackpots.,
place,where,an,illegal,numbers,game,is,
,
operated,or,conducted.,
b)! Jueteng., —, An, illegal, numbers, game,
,
that, involves, theMcombination, of,
g)! Collector, or, Agent,("Cabo",,
thirtyMseven, (37), numbers, against,
"Cobrador",, "Coriador",or, variants,
thirtyMseven, (37), numbers, from,
thereof)., —, Any, person, who, collects,,
numbers, one, (1), to, thirtyMseven, (37),
solicits, or, produces, bets, in, behalf, of,
or,the,combination,of,thirtyMeight,(38),
his/her, principal, for, any, illegal,
numbers, in, some, areas,, serving, as, a,
numbers, game, who, is, usually, in,
form, of, local, lottery, where, bets, are,
possession,of,gambling,paraphernalia.,
placed,and,accepted,per,combination,,
,
and,its,variants.,
h)! Coordinator,, Controller, or,
,
Supervisor,("Encargado",or, variants,
c)! Masiao., —, An, illegal, numbers, game,
thereof).,—,Any,person,who,exercises,
where, the, winning, combination, is,
control, and, supervision, over, the,
derived, from, the, results, of, the, last,
collector,or,agent.,
1 ,Repealed,by,P.D.,1602,as,amended,by,R.A.,9287,
ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 1

, c.!7M11,and,any,game,using,dice;,
i)! Maintainer,, Manager, or, Operator., —, d.!black, jack,, lucky, nine,, poker, and, its,
Any, person, who, maintains,, manages, derivatives,, monte,, baccarat,, cuajo,,
or,operates,any,illegal,numbers,game, pangguigue,and,other,card,games;,
in, a, specific, area, from, whom, the, e.!paik, que,, high, and, low,, mahjong,,
coordinator,, controller, or, supervisor,, domino, and, other, games, using, plastic, titles,
and,collector,or,agent,take,orders., and,the,like;,
, f.!slot, machines,, roulette,, pinball, and,
j)! Financier,or,Capitalist.,—,Any,person, other,mechanical,contraptions,and,devices;,
who, finances, the, operations, of, any, g.!dog, racing,, boat, racing,, car, racing, and,
illegal,numbers,game., other,forms,of,races;,
, h.!basketball,, boxing,, volleyball,, bowling,,
k)! Protector, or, Coddler., —, Any, person, pingpong, and, other, forms, of, individual, or,
who, lends, or, provides, protection,, or, team, contests, to, include, game, fixing,, point,
receives,benefits,in,any,manner,in,the, shaving,and,other,machinations;,
operation,of,any,illegal,numbers,game., i.!banking, or, percentage, game,, or, any,
(Increase+ of+ Penalties+ for+ Illegal+ other, game, or, scheme,, whether, upon, chance,
Numbers+Games,+Republic+Act+No.+9287,+ or,skill,,wherein,wagers,consisting,of,,money,,
[April+2,+2004])+ articles,of,value,or,representative,of,value,are,
+ at,stake,or,made;,
TN:( Jueteng, and, Masiao, are, considered, as, ,
“Unlawful, Activity”, under, R.A., 9160, or, the, 2.,Any,person,who,shall,knowingly,permit,any,
AntiMMoney,Laundering,Act., form,of,gambling,referred,to,in,the,preceding,
, subparagraph,to,be,carried,on,in,an,inhabited,
Possession( of( Gambling( Paraphernalia( or( place,or,in,any,building,,vessel,or,other,means,
Materials;(prima&facie(evidence( of,transportation,owned,or,controlled,by,him.,
The,possession,of,gambling,paraphernalia,and, ,
other, materials, used, in, the, illegal, numbers, ,
game, operation, shall, be, deemed, prima+ facie+ The, penalty, of, prision+ correccional+ in, its,
evidence,of,any,offense,covered,by,this,Act, maximum, period, or, a, fine, of, P6,000, shall, be,
, imposed,upon:,
PD( 1602( provides( stiffer( penalties( for( ,
violations(of(the(gambling(laws.( a.,Any,person,who,shall,knowingly,permit,any,
( form, of, gambling, to, be, carried, on, in, a, place,
The, penalty, of+ prision+ correccional, in, its, which,has,a,reputation,of,a,gambling,place,or,
medium,period,or,a,fine,ranging,from,P1,000, that,prohibited,gambling,is,frequently,carried,
to, P6,000,, and, in, case, of, recidivism,, the, on, therein,, or, in, a, public, or, government,
penalty,of,prision,mayor,in,its,medium,period, building,or,barangay,hall;,
or,a,fine,ranging,from,P5,000,to,P10,000,,shall, ,
be,imposed,upon:, b., The, maintainer, or, conductor, of, the, above,
, gambling,scheme.,
1., Any, person, who,, in, any, manner,, shall, ,
directly,or,indirectly,take,part,in,any,illegal,or, Maintainer( is, the, person, who, sets, up, and,
unauthorized,activities,or,games,of:, furnishes,the,means,with,which,to,carry,on,the,
, gambling,game,or,scheme.,
a.!,,cockfighting,, jueteng,, jaiMalai, or, horse, (
racing,to,include,bookie,operations,and,game, Conductor, is, the, person, who, manages, or,
fixing,, numbers,, bingo, and, other, forms, of, carries,on,the,gambling,game,or,scheme.,The,
lotteries;, penalty,of,prision+mayor+in,its,medium,period,
b.!cara,y,cruz,,pompiang,and,the,like;, with,temporary,absolute,disqualification,or,a,

fine, of, P6,000, shall, be, imposed, if, the, an,illegal,numbers,game,operation,,or,allows,

maintainer,, conductor, or, banker, of, the, his,vehicle,,house,,building,or,land,to,be,used,
gambling,schemes,is,a,government,official,,or, in,such,operation;,
where,such,government,official,is,the,player,, c.,imprisonment,from,8,years,and,1,day,to,
promoter,, referee,, umpire,, judge, or, coach, in, 10,yearsM,if,person,act,as,collector,or,agent;,
case, of, game, fixing,, point, shaving, and, other, d.,imprisonment,from,10,years,and,1,day,
machination., to, 12, yearsM, if, person, act, as, coordinator,,
, controller,or,supervisor;,
The, penalty, of+ prision+ correccional, in, its, e.,imprisonment,from,12,years,and,1,day,
medium,period,or,a,fine,ranging,from,P400,to, to, 14, yearsM, if, person, acts, as, maintainer,,
P2,000,shall,be,imposed,upon,any,person,who, manager,or,operator;,
knowingly,and,without,lawful,purpose,in,any, f.,imprisonment,from,14,years,and,1,day,
hour, of, any, day,, possesses, any, lottery, list,, to, 16, yearsM, if, person, acts, as, financer, or,
paper, or, other, matter, containing, letters,, capitalist;,
figures,, signs, or, symbols, pertaining, to, or, in, g.,imprisonment,from,16,years,and,1,day,
any,matter,containing,letters,,figures,,signs,or, to, 18, yearsM, if, person, acts, as, financier, or,
symbols,pertaining,to,or,in,any,manner,used, coddler.,
in,the,games,of,jueteng,,jaiMalai,or,horse,racing, ,
bookies, and, similar, games, of, lotteries, and, ,
numbers, which, have, taken, place, or, about, to, Liability( of( Government( Officials( and(
take,place., Employees(under(RA(9287(
, (
The, penalty, of, temporary, absolute, Offender( Penalty(
disqualification, shall, be, imposed, upon, any, Collector,,agent;, Penalty:,
barangay, official, who,, with, knowledge, of, the, coordinator,, Imprisonment,of,
existence, of, a, gambling, house, or, place, in, his, controller,, 12,years,and,1,day,
jurisdiction, fails, to, abate, the, same, or, take, supervisor;, to,20,years,
action,in,connection,therewith., maintainer,,operator,, Fine:,P3,000,000M,
, financier,or,capitalist, P5,000,000,
The, penalty, of, prision+ correccional, in, its, of,any,illegal, ,
maximum,period,or,a,fine,ranging,from,P500, numbers,game,
to,P2,000,shall,be,imposed,upon,any,security, (whether,elected,or,
officer,, security, guard,, watchman,, private, or, appointed),
house, detective, of, hotels,villages,, buildings,, ,
enclosures, and, the, like, which, have, the, Any,local,government, Penalty:,Perpetual,
reputation, of, a, gambling, place, or, where, official,who,,having, disqualification,
gambling,activities,are,being,held.,, knowledge,of,the, from,public,office,
, existence,of,the, ,
RA(9287(increased(the(penalties(for(illegal( operation,of,an,illegal,
number(games.( numbers,game,in,his,
, , “Illegal, number, games”, is, any, jurisdiction,,fails,to,
form, of, illegal, gambling, activity, which, uses, abate,or,take,action,,
numbers,or,cimbinations,thereof,as,factors,in, or,tolerates,the,same.,
giving,out,jackpots/prizes/returns.,, ,
, Any,law,enforcer, Administrative,
Penalties:( who,fails,to, penalty:,
a., imprisonment, from, 30M90, daysM, if, apprehend, suspension,or,
person,acts,as,bettor;, perpetrators,of,any, dismissal,to,be,
b.,imprisonment,from,6,years,and,1,day,to, illegal,number,games., imposed,by,
8,yearsM,if,person,acts,as,personnel,or,staff,of, ,

appropriate, lotteries,, cockfighting, and, horseMracing., In,

authority, making, such, choices,, Congress, has, consulted,
, its, own, wisdom,, which, this, Court, has, no,
, authority,to,review,,much,less,reverse.,
, ,
Why(is(gambling(punished?( In+re:+Amado+Resma,+et+al.,+G.R.+No.+PH2387+May+
To,repress,an,evil,that,undermines,the,social,, 13,+1981+
moral,and,economic,growth,of,the,nation., Gambling, is, illegal, and, generates,
, unwholesome, consequences, on, the, gambler,
Must( any( and( all( games( mentioned( in( PD( and,his,family.,Gambling,diverts,valuable,time,
1602(be(played(for(money?( from, the, employee's, more, important,
It, was, held, that, the, playing, of, monte, (card, responsibilities,such,as,raising,his,family,and,
game),for,money,is,not,a,necessary,element.,It, performing, his, job., Money, is, of, course,
seems, that, when, the, law, names, the, games,, essentially, involved, and, oftentimes,, the,
punishing, any, person, who, take, part, therein,, gambler,is,in,debt.,
its, purpose, is, to, prohibit, absolutely, those,
Gambling,may,consequently,introduce,factors,
game.,(U.S.,v,Rafael,,23,Phil.,184),
which, can, erode, the, structure, of, the, family,
,
and, society., When, the, employee's, salary, is,
Spectators(are(not(liable(in(gambling.(
dissipated,or,lost,in,gambling,,it,is,a,source,of,
A, mere, bystander, or, spectator, in, a, gambling,
family, squabbles, and, consequent, disunity.,
game,is,not,criminally,liable,,because,he,does,
Precisely,, that, telephone, complaint, of, a,
not, take, part, therein,, directly, or, indirectly.,
worried, wife, of, one, of, the, respondents,
(U.S.,v,Palma,,et,al.,,4,Phils.,547),
precipitated, the, investigation., His, family, and,
,
work,are,neglected.,A,gambler,is,often,in,debt,
Proof,that,game,took,place,or,is,about,to,take,
and,malverses,money,or,property,or,indulges,
place,is,not,necessary.,(Encarnacion,v,People,,
in, illicit, and, extraMmarital, affairs,, and, may,
73,Phil.,688),
acquire,unwholesome,or,antiMsocial,habits.,
,
But, proof, to, the, contrary, is, necessary, when, ,
the, jueteng, lists, pertain, to, games, played, on, Government( witness( immune( from(
other,dates.,(People,v,Tan,chin,Hing,,C.A.,,16, prosecution(
O.G.,3733), Any, person, who, serves, as, a, witness, for, the,
, government,or,provides,evidence,in,a,criminal,
Cases( case,involving,any,violation,of,this,Act,,or,who,
Edgar( Teves( v.( COMELEC,( et( al.,( G.R.( No.( voluntarily, or, by, virtue, of, a,subpoena,
180363,(April(28,(2009( testificandum,or,duces, tecum,, produces,,
The, morality, of, gambling, is, not, a, justiciable, identifies,,or,gives,testimony,shall,be,immune,
issue.,Gambling,is,not,illegal,per,se.,While,it,is, from,any,criminal,prosecution,,subject,to,the,
generally,considered,inimical,to,the,interests, compliance,with,the,provisions,of,Presidential,
of, the, people,, there, is, nothing, in, the, Decree,No.,1732,,otherwise,known,as,Decree,
Constitution, categorically, proscribing, or, Providing, Immunity, from, Criminal,
penalizing, gambling, or,, for, that, matter,, even, Prosecution,to,Government,Witnesses,and,the,
mentioning,it,at,all.,It,is,left,to,Congress,to,deal, pertinent, provisions, of, the, Rules, of, Court.,
with,the,activity,as,it,sees,fit.,In,the,exercise,of, (Increase+ of+ Penalties+ for+ Illegal+ Numbers+
its,own,discretion,,the,legislature,may,prohibit, Games,+Republic+Act+No.+9287,+[April+2,+2004])+
gambling, altogether, or, allow, it, without, ,
limitation, or, it, may, prohibit, some, forms, of, Witness(Protection(
gambling, and, allow, others, for, whatever, Any, person, who, provides, material,
reasons,it,may,consider,sufficient.,Thus,,it,has, information,, whether, testimonial, or,
prohibited, jueteng, and, monte, but, permits,

documentary,, necessary, for, the, investigation, Facts:(

or,prosecution,of,individuals,committing,any, On,June,17,,2005,,PD,Penaflor,received,a,call,
of,the,offenses,under,secs.,3,,4,,5,,and,6,shall, from,an,informant,regarding,an,ongoing,illegal,
be, placed, under, the, Witness, Protection, numbers, game, at, Bgy, Francia,, Viras,,
Program, Catanduanes, at, the, residence, of, Bonaobra.,
, They,saw,the,petitioners,in,the,act,of,counting,
Informer’s(Reward( bets,, described, by, the, Bicol, term, “revisar”,,
Any, person, who,, having, knowledge, or, which, means, collating, and, examining,
information, of, any, offense, committed, under, numbers, placed, in, “papelitos”., The, police,
this,Act,and,who,shall,disclose,the,same,which, officers, confiscated, the, items, found, on, the,
may,lead,to,the,arrest,and,final,conviction,of, table,consisting,of,cash,,papelitos,,a,calculator,,
the, offender,, may, be, rewarded, a, certain, a,cellphone,,and,,pen.,
percentage, of, the, cash, money, or, articles, of, ,
value, confiscated, or, forfeited, in, favor, of, the, Villamor,was,charged,with,violation,of,Sec,3,©,
government,, which, shall, be, determined, of,RA,9287,for,collecting,and,soliciting,bets,for,
through,a,policy,guideline,promulgated,by,the, an, illegal, numbers, game, (lotteng)+ and+
Department, of, Justice, (DOJ), in, coordination, possessing, a, list, of, various, numbers,, a,
with,the,Department,of,the,Interior,and,Local, calculator,, a, cellphone,, and, a, cash., Another,
Government, (DILG), and, the, National, Police, information, was, filed, in, the, same, court,
Commission,(NAPOLCOM)., charging, Bonaoba, with, violation, of, the, same,
, law, by, unlawfully, and, feloniously, maintain,
The, DILG,, the, NAPOLCOM, and, the, DOJ, shall, and,operate,illegal,numbers,game.,
provide,for,a,system,of,rewards,and,incentives, ,
for, law, enforcement, officers, and, for, local, In, the, amended, information,, the, phrase,
government, officials, for, the, effective, “acting,as,a,collector”,was,included,to,charge,
implementation, of, this, Act., (Increase+ of+ Villamor, as, a, collector, in, an, illegal, numbers,
Penalties+ for+ Illegal+ Numbers+ Games,+ Republic+ game., On, the, other, hand,, Banaobra, was,
Act+No.+9287,+[April+2,+2004])+ charged, as, a, manager, or, operator, in, the,
, amended,information.,
Must( any( and( all( games( mentioned( in( PD( ,
1602(be(played(for(money?( Issue:(
It, was, held, that, the, playing, of, monte, (card, Whether, the, petitioner’s, conviction, for,
game),for,money,is,not,a,necessary,element.,It, violation, of, RA, 9287, as, collector, or, agent,
seems, that, when, the, law, names, the, games,, under, section, 3, ©, for, Villamor,, and, as,
punishing, any, person, who, take, part, therein,, coordinator,, controller,, or, supervisor, under,
its, purpose, is, to, prohibit, absolutely, those, Sec,3(d),for,Bonaobra,should,be,upheld.,
game.,(U.S.+v+Rafael,+23+Phil.+184), ,
, Ruling:((
“Any(other(game(or(scheme,(whether(upon( ,
chance(or(skill”( No.,The,prosecution,failed,to,clearly,establish,
A, game, or, scheme, is, punishable, even, if, the, the, acts, that, constitute, the, offense, of, illegal,
winning, depends, upon, skill,, when, wagers, gambling, as, a, collector, or, an, agent, under,
consisting, of, money,, articles, or, value, or, Section,3,(c),,and,as,a,coordinator,,controller,,
representative,of,value,are,at,stake,or,made., or,supervisor,under,Section,3,(d),,of,RA,9287.,
, Under,the,said,law,,a,collector,or,agent,is,“any,
( person,who,collects,,solicits,or,produces,bets,
Cases( in, behalf, of, his/her, principal, for, any, illegal,
Martin( Villamor( y( Tayson( v( People( of( the( numbers,game,who,is,usually,in,possession,of,
Philippines,(GR(200396,(March(22,(2017( gambling,paraphernalia.”,On,the,other,hand,,a,
, coordinator,, controller,, or, supervisor, is,

defined,as,,“any,person,who,exercises,control, PAGCOR, of, jaiMalai, is, illegal, because, it, is, not,
and, supervision, over, the, collector, or, agent.”, included, in, the, scope, of, PAGCOR’s, franchise,
The, prosecution, merely, relied, on, the, alleged, which,covers,only,games,of,chance.,,
illegal, gambling, paraphernalia, found, and, ,
confiscated,inside,the,house,of,Bonaobra,and, Issue:,,
not, on, the, specific, overt, acts, that, constitute, Does, PAGCOR, have, the, authorization, to,
the,offense., manage,or,otherwise,operate,jaiMalai,games?,
, ,
Del( Mar( V.( PAGCOR,( GR( No.( 138298( Ruling:(
November(29,(2000( NO., PAGCOR, was, never, given, a, legislative,
, franchise, to, operate, jaiMalai., Section, 1, of, PD,
Facts:( 1067MB, provides, the, nature, and, term, of,
PAGCOR, requested, for, legal, advice, from, the, PAGCOR’s, franchise, to, maintain, gambling,
Secretary, of, Justice, as, to, whether, or, not, it, is, casinos, (not, a, franchise, to, operate, jaiMalai);,,
authorized, by, its, Charter, to, operate, and, Section,2,of,the,same,decree,spells,out,of,the,
manage,jaiMalai,,in,the,country.,The,Secretary, scope, of, the, PAGCOR, franchise, to, maintain,
of,Justice,opined,that,the,authority,of,PAGCOR, gambling, casinos, (not, a, franchise, to, operate,
to, operate, and, maintain, games, of, chance, or, jaiMalai);, PD, 1399,, amending, PD, 1067MA, and,
gambling,extends,to,jaiMalai,which,is,a,form,of, PD,1067MB,did,not,have,any,amendments,that,
sport, or, game, played, for, bets, and, that, the, changed,the,nature,and,scope,of,the,PAGCOR,
Charter, of, PAGCOR, amounts, to, a, legislative, franchise,to,maintain,gambling,casinos.,EO,No.,
franchise,for,the,purpose.,Petitioner,Raoul,B., 169,, issued, by, President, Corazon, Aquino,,
Del,Mar,initially,filed,a,Petition,for,Prohibition, revoked, the, franchise, of, the, Philippines, JaiM
(GR, 138298), to, prevent, PAGCOR, from, Alai, and, Amusement, Corporation, controlled,
managing, and/or, operating, the, jaiMalai, or, by, the, Romualdezes, to, operate, jaiMalai, in,
Basque,pelota,games,,by,itself,of,in,agreement, Manila., PAGCOR’s, franchise, to, operate,
with,Belle,Corporation,,on,the,ground,that,the, gambling,casinos,was,not,revoked;,but,neither,
controverted,act,is,patently,illegal,and,devoid, was,it,given,a,franchise,to,operate,jaiMalai.,,It,is,
of, any, basis, either, from, the, Constitution, or, abundantly, clear, from, the, aforequoted, laws,,
PAGCOR’s,own,Charter.,PAGCOR,later,entered, executive, orders, and, decrees, that, the,
into, an, agreement, with, Belle, Jai, Alai, legislative, practice, is, that, a, franchise, to,
Corporation,, wherein, Belle, will, make, operate, jaiMalai, is, granted, solely, for, that,
available,to,PAGCOR,the,required,facilities,,as, purpose, and, the, terms, and, conditions, of, the,
well,as,provide,the,needed,funding,for,jaiMalai, grant, are, unequivocably, defined, by, the,
operations, with, no, financial, outlay, from, grantor., Such, express, grant, and, its,
PAGCOR,, while, PAGCOR, handles, the, actual, conditionalities, protective, of, the, public,
management, and, operation, of, jaiMalai., interest,are,evidently,wanting,in,PD,1869,,the,
Petitioner, Del, Mar, filed, a, Supplemental, present, Charter, of, PAGCOR., In, fine,, PD, 1869,
Petition,for,Certiorari,questioning,the,validity, does, not, have, the, standard, marks, of, a, law,
of,the,agreement,on,the,ground,that,PAGCOR, granting,a,franchise,to,operate,jaiMalai,as,those,
is, without, jurisdiction,, legislative, franchise,, found,under,PD,810,or,EO,135.,PD,1869,deals,
authority, or, power, to, enter, into, such, with,details,pertinent,alone,to,the,operation,of,
Agreement, for, the, opening,, establishment,, gambling, casinos., The, short, point, is, that, PD,
operation,,control,and,management,of,jaiMalai, 1869,does,not,have,the,usual,provisions,with,
games.,Petitioners,Federico,S.,Sandoval,II,and, regards, to, jaiMalai., Legislative, franchise, to,
Michael, T., Defensor, filed, a, Petition, for, operate,jaiMalai,is,imbued,with,public,interest,
Injunction, to, enjoin, PAGCOR, from, operating, and,involves,an,exercise,of,police,power.,The,
or,managing,said,jaiMalai,games.,In,this,case,,a, familiar,rule,is,that,laws,which,grant,the,right,
Petition, in, Intervention, was, filed, by, Juan, to, exercise, a, part, of, the, police, power, of, the,
Miguel, Zubiri, alleging, that, the, operation, by, state, are, to, be, construed, strictly, and, any,

doubt, must, be, resolved, against, the, grant., , A, 4.! By, selling, or, distributing, the, same,
statute,which,legalizes,a,gambling,activity,or, without,connivance,with,the,importer.,
business, should, be, strictly, construed, and, ,
every, reasonable, doubt, must, be, resolved, to, ,
limit,the,powers,and,rights,claimed,under,its, Betting,(GameCFixing(or(PointCShaving,(
authority.,In,addition,,PAGCOR’s,franchise,was, Machinations(in(Sports(Contests2(
not, granted, by, a, real, Congress, where, the, ,
passage, of, the, law, requires, a, more, rigorous, Definition(of(Terms(
process;,it,was,enacted,in,the,exercise,of,the,
a)! Betting,—,betting,money,or,any,object,
legislative, power, of, President, Marcos., It, is,
or,article,of,value,or,representative,of,
selfMevident, that, there, is, a, need, to, be, extra,
value, upon, the, result, of, any, game,,
cautious, in, treating, this, alleged, grant, of, a,
races,and,other,sports,contest.,
franchise,as,a,grant,by,the,legislature.,
b)! GameMfixing,—, any, arrangement,,
, combination,,scheme,or,agreement,by,
Importation,(sale(and(possession(of(lottery( which,the,result,of,any,game,,races,or,
tickets(or(advertisements( sports, contests, shall, be, predicted,
( and/or,known,other,than,on,the,basis,
Lottery,(definition( of,the,honest,playing,skill,or,ability,of,
It,is,a,scheme,for,the,distribution,of,prizes,by, the,players,or,participants.,
chance, among, persons, who, have, paid,, or, c)! PointMshaving,—, any, such,
agreed,to,pay,,a,valuable,consideration,for,the, arrangement,,combination,,scheme,or,
chance,to,obtain,a,prize.,(U.S.,v.,Filart,,et,al.,,30, agreement,by,which,the,skill,or,ability,
Phil.,80), of,any,player,or,participant,in,a,game,,
, races,or,sports,contests,to,make,points,
Elements:( or,scores,shall,be,limited,deliberately,
a.! consideration, in,order,to,influence,the,result,thereof,
b.! chance;,and, in, favor, of, one, or, the, other, team,,
c.! prize,,or,some,advantage,or,inequality, player,or,participant,therein.,
in, amount, or, value, which, is, in, the, d)! Game, machination,—, any, other,
nature,of,a,prize., fraudulent,, deceitful,, unfair, or,
, dishonest, means,, method,, manner, or,
Guessing( competition( constitutes( lottery., practice, employed, for, the, purpose, of,
(El,Debate,v,Topacio,,44,Phil.,280), influencing, the, result, of, any, game,,
, races,or,sports,contests.,
No( lottery( where( there( is( full( value( of( ,
money.,(U.S.,v,Olsen,,36,Phil.,395), Sports(contests(coverage(
, GameMfixing,, pointMshaving,, machination,, as,
Acts(punished(relative(to(lottery(tickets(or( defined,in,the,preceding,section,,in,connection,
advertisements( with, the, games, of, basketball,, volleyball,,
1.! By,importing,into,the,Philippines,from, softball,, baseball;, chess,, boxing, bouts,, "jaiM
any, foreign, place, or, port, any, lottery, alai",, "sipa",, "pelota", and, all, other, sports,
ticket,or,advertisement., contests,, games, or, races;, as, well, as, betting,
2.! By, selling, or, distributing, the, name, in, therein,except,as,may,be,authorized,by,law,,is,
connivance,with,the,importer., hereby,declared,unlawful.,
3.! By, possessing,, knowingly, and, with, ,
intent, to, use,, lottery, tickets, or, ,
advertisements., (
,Repealed,by,P.D.,483,
2

Persons(liable;(Penalty( Sports, Associations, concerned, and/or, to, any,

( law, enforcement/police, authority, any, of, the,
Offender( Penalty( acts,penalized,by,this,Decree,shall,be,arrested,,
Official,,such,as, ,Imprisonment,of, detained,and/or,prosecuted,except,upon,prior,
promoter,,referee,, prision,correccional, written, clearance, from, the, President, of, the,
umpire,,judge,,or, in,its,maximum, Philippines,and/or,of,the,Secretary,of,National,
coach,in,the,game,, period,and,a,fine,of, Defense.,
race,or,sports, 2,000,pesos,with, ,
contests,,or,the, subsidiary, Possession( of( lottery( ticket( or(
manager,or,sponsor, imprisonment,in, advertisement(
of,any,participating, case,of,insolvency,, The, possession, of, any, lottery, ticket, or,
team,,individual,or, at,the,discretion,of, advertisement,shall,be,prima,facie,evidence,of,
player,therein,,or, the,court.,This, an,intent,to,sell,,distribute,or,use,the,same,in,
participants,or, penalty,shall,also,be, the,Philippine,Islands.,
players,in,such, imposed,when,the, ,
games,,races,or, offenders,compose,a, ,
other,sports, syndicate,of,five,or, Illegal(Betting(on(Horseraces(
contests, more,persons., ,
, , Acts(punishable(
Any,offender, Imprisonment,of, ,
, prision,correccional, 1.! By, betting, on, horse, races, during, the,
in,its,medium, periods,not,allowed,by,law;,and,
period,and,a,fine,of, ,
1,000,pesos,with, 2.! By, maintaining, or, employing, a,
subsidiary, totalizer, device, or, scheme, for, betting,
imprisonment,in, on, races, or, realizing, from, profit,
case,of,insolvency,at, therefrom,, during, the, periods, not,
the,discretion,of,the, allowed,by,law.,
court., ,
, When(considered(as(separate(offenses(
Official,or,employee, The,penalty, Any,race,held,on,the,same,day,and,at,the,same,
of,any,government, provided,for,in,the, place, shall, be, held, punishable, as, a, separate,
office,or,agency, preceding,Section,3, offense,,and,if,the,same,be,committed,by,any,
concerned,with,the, a,small,be,imposed., partnership,, corporation, or, association,, the,
enforcement,or, In,addition,,he,shall, president, and, the, directors, or, managers,
administration,of, be,disqualified,from, thereof,shall,be,deemed,to,be,principals,in,the,
laws,and, holding,any,public, offense,if,they,have,consented,to,or,knowingly,
regulations,on, office,or, tolerated,its,commission.,
sports, employment,for,life., ,
, If,he,is,an,alien,,he, Note:(((
may,be,deported., a.! Penalty, is, higher, for, a, person, who,
, employ,a,totalizer,or,other,device,,that,
, is;, maintaining, or, employing, a,
, totalizer,or,other,device,or,scheme,for,
Clearance( for( arrest,( detention( or( betting,on,horse,races,or,realizing,any,
prosecution.(( profit, therefrom, aggravates, the,
No, person, who, voluntarily, discloses, or, liability,of,the,offender.,
denounces, to, the, President, of, the, Philippine, ,
Amateur,Athletic,Federation,or,to,the,National,

b.! No,liability,if,there,is,no,betting,or,use, prescribes,, defines, and, apportions, a,

of,totalizer.,Meaning,,it,may,be,carried, given,political,subdivision,into,specific,
on,at,any,time,or,place,,and,prizes,or, land, uses, as, present, and, future,
gifts,may,be,offered,,given,or,paid,,to, projection,of,needs,warrant.,
the,winner,in,said,races,,provided,it,is, ,
not,accompanied,by,any,betting,,or,the, c)! Bet, Taker, of, Promoter, A, person, who,
use, of, totalizer, or, other, devices, for, calls, and, takes, care, of, bets, from,
betting,money,on,horse,races., owners, of, both, gamecocks, and, those,
, of, other, bettors, before, he, orders,
Totalizer,(definition( commencement, of, the, cockfight, and,
a, machine, for, registering, and, indicating, the, thereafter,distributes,won,bets,to,the,
number, and, nature, of, bets, made, on, horse, winners, after, deducting, a, certain,
races., commission.,
, ,
Horse(races,(when(allowed( d)! Gaffer, (Taga, Tari), A, person,
1.! Sundays,not,reserved, knowledgeable, in, the, art, of, arming,
2.! 24,Saturdays;,and, fighting, cocks, with, gaff, or, gaffs, on,
3.! Legal,Holidays,EXCEPT, either,or,both,legs.,
a.! Independence,Day, ,
b.! Rizal,Day, e)! Referee,(Sentenciador),A,person,who,
c.! Registration,or,Voting,Day;, watches, and, oversees, the, proper,
d.! Holy,Thursday;,and, gaffing, of, fighting, cocks,, determines,
e.! Good,Friday, the,physical,condition,of,fighting,cocks,
, while, cockfighting, is, in, progress,, the,
Any,race,held,on,the,same,day,and,at,the, injuries, sustained, by, the, cocks, and,
same,place,shall,be,held,punishable,as,a, their, capability, to, continue, fighting,
separate,offense,(RPC,,Art.,198,,Par.,2), and, decides, and, make, known, his,
, decision, by, work, or, gestures, and,
, result, of, the, cockfight, by, announcing,
Illegal(Cockfighting(3( the, winner, or, declaring, a, tie, or, no,
, contest,game.,
Scope( ,
This, law, shall, govern, the, establishment,, f)! Bettor, A, person, who, participates, in,
operation,, maintenance,, and, ownership, of, cockfights, and, with, the, use, of, money,
cockpits., or, other, things, of, value,, bets, with,
, other,bettors,or,through,the,bet,taker,
Definition(of(Terms( or,promoter,and,wins,or,loses,his,bet,
depending, upon, the, result, of, the,
,
cockfight,as,announced,by,the,Referee,
a)! Cockfighting, shall, embrace, and, mean,
or,Sentenciador.,He,may,be,the,owner,
the, commonly, known, game, or, term,
of,fighting,cock.,
"cockfighting, derby,, pintakasi, or,
,
tupada",, or, its, equivalent, terms, in,
,
different,Philippine,localities.,
, Persons(Liable(
b)! Zoning, Law, or, Ordinance, Either, both, (
national, or, local, city, or, municipal, 1.! Any,person,who,directly,or,indirectly,
legislation, which, logically, arranges,, participates, in, cockfights,, by, betting,
,P.D.,449,
3

money, or, other, valuable, things, in, a, requirement, are, given, three, years, from, the,
day,other,than,those,permitted,by,law;, date, of, effectivity, of, this, Decree, to, comply,
, herewith., Approval, or, issuance, of, building,
2.! Any,person,who,,directly,or,indirectly,, permits, for, the, construction, of, cockpits, shall,
organizes,cockfights,at,which,bets,are, be,made,by,the,city,or,provincial,engineer,in,
made+ in+ a+ day+ other+ than+ those+ accordance, with, their, respective, building,
permitted+by+law;, codes,, ordinances, or, engineering, laws, and,
, practices.,
3.! Any,person,who,,directly,or,indirectly,, ,
participates, in, cockfights,, by, betting, Holding(of(cockfights(
money, or, other, valuable, thing, at, a, Cockfighting,shall,be,allowed,only,in,licensed,
place+other+than+a+licensed+cockfight;, cockpits,during:,
, 1.! Sundays,
4.! Any,person,who,,directly,or,indirectly,, 2.! Legal,holidays,
organizes, in, cockfights,, by, betting, 3.! Local, fiestas, for, not, more, than, three,
money, or, other, valuable, thing, at, a, (3),days,
place+other+than+a+licensed+cockfight;, 4.! Provincial,, city,, or, municipals,
, agricultural,, commercial, or, industrial,
5.! Owner,, manager, or, lessee, of, the, fair,,carnival,or,exposition,for,a,similar,
cockpit, who, shall, permit, gambling, of, period,of,3,days,upon,resolution,of,the,
any,kind,on,the,premises,of,the,cockpit, concerned, LGU,, subject, to, the,
or, place, of, cockfighting, during, approval, of, the, Philippines, Gamefowl,
cockfights., Commission,(Commission),
( 5.! The,Philippine,Gamefowl,Commission,
( may, allow, cockfighting, for,
Ownership,(Operation(and(Management(of( entertainment,of,foreign,dignitaries,or,
Cockpits( for,tourists,,or,for,returning,Filipinos,,
Only,Filipino,citizens,not,otherwise,inhibited, or, for, the, support, of, national, fundM
by, existing, laws, shall, be, allowed, to, own,, raising, campaigns, for, charitable,
manage, and, operate, cockpits., Cooperative, purposes,as,may,be,authorized,by,the,
capitalization,is,encouraged., Office,of,the,President,(provided,,that,
, this, privilege, shall, be, extended, for,
Establishment(of(Cockpits( only, one, time,, for, a, period, not,
Only,one,cockpit,shall,be,allowed,in,each,city, exceeding,three,days,,within,a,year,to,
or, municipality,, except, that, in, cities, or, a,LGU),
municipalities, with, a, population, of, over, ,
100,000,, two, cockpits, may, be, established,, No,cockfighting,shall,be,allowed,during:,
maintained,and,operated., 1.! December,30,(Rizal,Day),
, 2.! June, 12, (Philippine, Independence,
Cockpits(Site(and(Construction( Day),
Cockpits, shall, be, constructed, and, operated, 3.! November,30,(National,Heroes,Day),
within,the,appropriate,areas,as,prescribed,in, 4.! Holy,Thursday,
Zoning, Law, or, Ordinance., In, the, absence, of, 5.! Good,Friday,
such, law, or, ordinance,, the, local, executives, 6.! Election,or,Referendum,Day,
shall,see,to,it,that,no,cockpits,are,constructed, 7.! Registration,Days,for,such,election,or,
within, or, near, existing, residential, or, referendum,
commercial,areas,,hospitals,,school,buildings,, ,
churches, or, other, public, buildings., Owners,, Gambling(not(allowed(during(cockfights(
lessees,, or, operators, of, cockpits, which, are, No,gambling,of,any,kind,shall,be,permitted,on,
now, in, existence, and, do, not, conform, to, this, the, premises, of, the, cockpit, or, place, of,

cockfighting, during, cockfights., The, owner,, Against,the,said,complaint,the,accused,filed,a,

manager, or, lessee, of, such, cockpit, and, the, motion,to,quash,,claiming,that,the,facts,alleged,
violators,of,this,injunction,shall,be,criminally, in, the, complaint, do, not, constitute, an, offense,
liable,under,Section,8,hereof., because,cockfighting,is,authorized,in,Bogo,on,
, Thursdays,under,the,provisions,of,Ordinance,
Licensing(of(Cockpits( No.,18,,Series,of,1960,,enacted,and,approved,
City, and, Municipal, Mayors, with, the, by,the,Municipal,Council,of,Bogo.,
concurrence, of, their, respective, Sangguniang, ,
Panlungsod,or,Sangguniang,Bayan,,shall,have, Issue:(
the, authority, to, license, and, regulate, regular, Whether, Ordinance, No., 18,, s., 1960,, of, the,
cockfighting,,under,the,supervision,of,the,City, Municipality, of, Bogo, is, ultra, vires, therefore,
Mayor,and,the,Provincial,Governor,,as,the,case, null,and,void.,
may, be., (Creation+ of+ the+ Philippine+ Gamefowl+ ,
Commission,+ Presidential+ Decree+ No.+ 1802,+ Ruling:(
[January+16,+1981])+ Yes.,
( ,
People(v.(Ayoso,(G.R.(No.(LC18762,([April(27,( At, this, point,, it, is, worthwhile, to, note, that, in,
1967],(126(PHIL(108C114( 1963,, there, was, presented, in, Congress, a, bill,
Facts:( (H., B., No., 7504,, introduced, by, Congressman,
On, July, 21,, 1960,, accusedMappellants, Albano), granting, municipal, councils,, the,
MARIANO,AYOSO,,ET,AL.,,were,charged,with, power,to,authorize,cockfighting,on,any,day,of,
the, crime, of, ILLEGAL, COCKFIGHTING, before, the, week., The, bill,, however,, failed, of,
the, Municipal, Court, of, Bogo, (docketed, as, enactment., Inferentially,, this, attempt, to,
Criminal, Case, No., 915),, the, details, of, which, expressly,grant,municipal,councils,the,power,
are, set, out, in, a, complaint, which, reads, as, to, authorize, cockfighting, on, any, day, of, the,
follows:, week, militates, against, accusedMappellants',
, contention, that, under, the, present, provisions,
"The, undersigned,, Chief, of, Police, of, Bogo,, of, law,, such, authority, is, already, granted, to,
Cebu,, Philippines, after, having, been, duly, municipal,councils.,
sworn, to, in, accordance, with, law,, accuses, (
MARIANO,AYOSO,,TEODORICO,VALENZUELA,, ,
ALFONSO,DESOYO,and,FELIPE,DE,LA,CRUZ,of, ,
the, crime, of, ILLEGAL, COCKFIGHTING,, (
committed,as,follows:, (
, (
"That, on, or, about, 2:45, o'clock, in, the, ,
afternoon,,more,or,less,of,July,21,,1960,at,the, ,
cockpit, of, Tan, Sim,, Poblacion,, Bogo,, Cebu,, ,
Philippines,and,within,the,jurisdiction,of,this, , ,
Honorable, Court,, the, abovenamed, accused,,
did, then, and, there,, wilfully,, feloniously,,
unlawfully, and, knowingly, with, unlawful,
purpose,, indulge, themselves, in, illegal,
cockfighting,commonly,known,as,"TariMTari",,
wherein, money, P25, is, used, as, bet, on, a, day,,
Thursday,, which, is, not, permitted, by, law,
though,the,place,is,a,licensed,cockpit.,This,act,
is, a, gross, violation, of, Article, 199, of, the,
Revised,Penal,Code,,Section,1.”,
,

Chapter(Two( 3.! The, highly, scandalous, conduct, is, not,

Offenses(against(Decency(and(Good( expressly, falling, within, any, article, of,
Customs( the,RPC;,and,
(1)!Grave,Scandal,(Art.,200), ,
(2)!Immoral,doctrines,,obscene, 4.! The, act, or, acts, complained, of, be,
publications,,and,exhibitions,(Art., committed,in,a,public,place,or,within,
201), the, public, knowledge, or, view, and,
(3)!Prostitution,(Art.,202)4, caused, public, scandal, to, persons,
, witnessing,them,
, ,
Grave(Scandal( Act( or( Acts( not( punished( under( another(
, article(of(the(RPC(
ART.+ 200.,Grave, Scandal., —, The, penalties, If,the,scandalous,conduct,constitutes,an,act,of,
of,arresto+ mayor+and, public, censure, shall, be, lasciviousness,,even,if,committed,publicly,,the,
imposed, upon, any, person, who, shall, offend, offender, should, not, be, prosecuted, under,
against,decency,or,good,customs,by,any,highly, Article,200.,
scandalous, conduct, not, expressly, falling, ,
within,any,other,article,of,this,Code., Place(as(an(essential(element(
, The,acts,must,be,performed,in,a,public,place,
Definition(of(Terms( or, within, public, knowledge, or, view., A,
distinction, should, be, made, as, to, the, place,
,
where, the, offensive, act, was, committed,,
1.! Decency, M, proprietary, of, conduct;,
whether,in,a,public,place,or,in,a,private,place:,
proper, observance, of, the,
1.! In,a,public,place,,the,criminal,liability,
requirements, of, modesty,, good, taste,,
arises, irrespective, of, whether, the,
etc.,(Reyes,+Book+Two),
immoral,act,is,open,to,the,public,view.,
,
In,short,,public,review,is,not,required.,
2.! Customs,–,established,usage,and,social,
2.! In,a,private,place,,public,view,or,public,
conventions, carried, on, by, tradition,
knowledge,is,required.,
and, enforced, by, social, disapproval, of,
,
any,violation,
Publicity/(Public(Scandal(
,
The, acts, punishable, by, Article, 200, are, those,
3.! Grave, Scandal, –, acts, which, are,
which, by, their, publicity, and, character, can,
offensive,to,decency,and,good,customs,
cause, public, scandal, among, the, persons,
which,, having, been, committed,
witnessing, them,, besides, being, contrary, to,
publicly,, have, given, rise, to, public,
morals,and,good,customs.,,
scandal, to, persons, who, have,
,
accidentally,witnessed,the,same,
Committed(in(a(private(house(and(seen(by(
,
one(person(
,
When,the,acts,complained,of,were,committed,
Elements((HiCPerCNoCCom)( at,night,,in,a,private,house,,and,at,a,time,when,
, no, one, was, present, except, the, accused,, the,
1.! The,act,or,acts,be,highly,scandalous,as, mistress, of, the, house,, and, one, servant,, such,
offending, against, decency, or, good, circumstances,do,not,constitute,that,degree,of,
customs;, publicity,which,is,an,essential,element,of,the,
, crime, defined,and,penalized,in, article, 441,of,
2.! The,offender,performs,an,act,or,acts;,, the,Penal,Code.,(U.S.+v.+Catajay,+G.R.+No.+2785,+
, [August+23,+1906],+6+PHIL+398H400),
4 ,Vagrancy,–,decriminalized,by,R.A.,10158.,

, ,
, 3.! Those, who, shall, sell,, give, away, or,
Immoral(Doctrines,(Obscene(Publications,( exhibit, films,, prints,, engravings,,
and(Good(Customs5( sculpture, or, literature, which, are,
, offensive, to, morals., (An+ Act+ Adjusting+
ART.+ 201.,Immoral, doctrines,, obscene, the+ Amount+ or+ the+ Value+ of+ Property+
publications, and, exhibitions, and, indecent, and+ Damage+ on+ Which+ a+ Penalty+ is+
shows., —, The, penalty, of,prisión, mayor,or, a, Based,+and+the+Fines+Imposed+under+the+
fine, ranging, from, Twenty, thousand, pesos, Revised+ Penal+ Code,+ Republic+ Act+ No.+
(P20,000), to, Two, hundred, thousand, pesos, 10951,+[August+29,+2017]),
(P200,000),, or, both, such, imprisonment, and, ,
fine,,shall,be,imposed,upon:, Purpose(
1.! Those, who, shall, publicly, expound, or, To,protect,the,morals,of,the,public,
proclaim,doctrines,openly,contrary,to, ,
public,morals;, Persons(Liable(
2.! a., The, authors, of, obscene, literature,, (
published,with,their,knowledge,in,any, 1.! Those, who, shall, publicly, expound, or,
form;, the, editors, publishing, such, proclaim,doctrines,openly,contrary,to,
literature;, and, the, owners/operators, public,morals;,
of,the,establishment,selling,the,same;, ,
, 2.! a., The, authors, of, obscene, literature,,
b., Those, who,, in, theaters,, fairs,, published,with,their,knowledge,in,any,
cinematographs, or, any, other, place,, form;, the, editors, publishing, such,
exhibit, indecent, or, immoral, plays,, literature;, and, the, owners/operators,
scenes,, acts, or, shows,, it, being, of,the,establishment,selling,the,same;,
understood,that,the,obscene,literature, ,
or, indecent, or, immoral, plays,, scenes,, b., Those, who,, in, theaters,, fairs,,
acts,or,shows,,whether,live,or,in,film,, cinematographs, or, any, other, place,,
which,are,prescribed,by,virtue,hereof,, exhibit, indecent, or, immoral, plays,,
shall,include,those,which:,, scenes,, acts, or, shows,, it, being,
, understood,that,the,obscene,literature,
(1), glorify, criminals, or, condone, or, indecent, or, immoral, plays,, scenes,,
crimes;,, acts,or,shows,,whether,live,or,in,film,,
, which,are,prescribed,by,virtue,hereof,,
(2), serve, no, other, purpose, but, to, shall, include, those, which:, (gloCserC
satisfy,the,market,for,violence,,lust,or, offCteCar)(
pornography;,, ,
, (1), glorify, criminals, or, condone,
(3),offend,any,race,or,religion;,, crimes;,,
, ,
(4), tend, to, abet, traffic, in, and, use, of, (2), serve, no, other, purpose, but, to,
prohibited,drugs;,and,, satisfy,the,market,for,violence,,lust,or,
, pornography;,,
(5), are, contrary, to, law,, public, order,, ,
morals,,and,good,customs,,established, (3),offend,any,race,or,religion;,,
policies,, lawful, orders,, decrees, and, ,
edicts;,and,
5,Amended,by,P.D.,969.,July,24,,1976,and,R.A.,10951.,Aug.,29,,
2017.,

(4), tend, to, abet, traffic, in, and, use, of, i.e.,,those,which,by,their,very,utterance,inflict,
prohibited,drugs;,and,, injury,or,tend,to,incite,an,immediate,breach,of,
, peace, and, expression, endangering, national,
(5), are, contrary, to, law,, public, order,, security., (Soriano+ v.+ Laguardia,+ G.R.+ No.+
morals,,and,good,customs,,established, 164785,+165636,+[April+29,+2009],+605+PHIL+43H
policies,, lawful, orders,, decrees, and, 193),
edicts;,and, ,
, Elements(
3., , Those, who, shall, sell,, give, away, or, exhibit, To,be,held,liable,,the,prosecution,must,prove,
films,, prints,, engravings,, sculpture, or, that:,,
literature,which,are,offensive,to,morals., a)! the, materials,, publication,, picture, or,
( literature,are,obscene;,and,,
Note:( b)! the,offender,sold,,exhibited,,published,
•! The, author, of, obscene, literature, is, or,gave,away,such,materials.,(Ibid.),
liable, only, when, it, is, published, with, ,
his,knowledge.( Tests( of( obscenity( (Kottinger( Test;( no(
•! The,crime,of,illegal,publication,is,also, longer(applicable)(
committed, when, the, real, printer’s, is, 1.! Whether, the, tendency, of, the, matter,
not,divulged.( charged, as, obscene,, is, to, deprave, or,
, corrupt, those, whose, minds, are, open,
Distribution(of(indecent(literature,(etc.( to, such,immoral,influences, and, into,
What, is, punished, is, the, distribution, of, whose, hands, a, publication, or, other,
indecent, literature,, etc.,, to, many, people, and, article, charged, as, being, obscene, may,
not, merely, the, isolated,, casual, or, occasional, fall.,
act,of,giving,such,kind,of,literature,to,a,single, ,
recipient.,, 2.! Whether, the, matter, charged, as,
, obscene, shocks, the, ordinary, and,
Definition(of(Terms( common,sense,of,men,as,an,indecency.,
( ,
1.! Obscene, –, something, offensive, to, But,,whether,a,picture,is,obscene,or,indecent,
chastity,,decency,,or,delicacy, must, depend, upon, the, circumstances, of, the,
2.! Indecency, –, an, act, against, good, case,,and,that,ultimately,,the,question,is,to,be,
behavior,and,a,just,delicacy, decided, by, the, judgment, of, the, aggregate,
, sense,of,the,community,reached,by,it.+(People+
Nature(of(obscenity( v.+Kottinger,+G.R.+No.+20569,+[October+29,+1923],+
It,is,an,unprotected,speech,which,the,State,has, 45+PHIL+352H362)+
the,right,to,regulate.,The,State,in,pursuing,its, +
mandate, to, protect,, as,parens, patriae,, the, For(art’s(sake;(Test(of(‘Redeeming(Feature’(
public, from, obscene,,immoral,and, indecent, If, the, pictures,, sculptures, and, paintings, are,
materials,, must, justify, their, regulation, or, shown,in,art,exhibits,and,art,galleries,for,the,
limitation.,(Fernando+ v.+ Court+ of+ Appeals,+ G.R.+ cause, of, art,, to, be, viewed, and, appreciated,
No.+159751,+[December+6,+2006],+539+PHIL+407H by,people,interested,in,art,,there,would,be,no,
420), offense,committed.,However,,if,the,pictures,in,
, question,are,used,not,exactly,for,art's,sake,but,
Obscenity,(an(unprotected(speech( rather,for,commercial,purposes,,the,supposed,
Unprotected, speech, or, lowMvalue, expression, artistic, qualities, of, said, pictures, are, being,
refers, to, libelous, statements,, obscenity, or, commercialized, so, that, the, cause, of, art, is, of,
pornography,, false, or, misleading, secondary, or, minor, importance., Gain, and,
advertisement,, insulting, or, "fighting, words",, profit, will, appear, to, be, the, main,, if, not, the,
exclusive, consideration, in, their, exhibition;,

and,it,will,not,be,surprising,if,the,persons,who, sensibilities?, And, obviously,, it, is, to, beg, the,

go,to,see,these,pictures,and,pay,entrance,fees, question,to,say,that,a,piece,of,literature,has,a,
for, the, privilege, of, doing, so,, are, not, exactly, corrupting, influence,because,it, is, obscene,,
artists,and,persons,interested,in,art,and,who, and,viceMversa.,
generally,go,to,art,exhibitions,and,galleries,to, ,
satisfy, and, improve, their, artistic, tastes,, but, Apparently,,Kottinger+was, aware, of, its, own,
rather,people,desirous, of, satisfying, their, uncertainty, because, in, the, same, breath,, it,
morbid, curiosity, and, taste,, and, lust,, and, for, would, leave, the, final, say, to, a, hypothetical,
love, for, excitement,, including, the, youth, who, "community,standard",—,whatever,that,is,—,
because, of, their, immaturity, are, not, in, a, and, that, the, question, must, supposedly, be,
position,to,resist,and,shield,themselves,from, judged,from,case,to,case.,
the,ill,and,perverting,effects,of,these,pictures., ,
(People+ v.+ Go+ Pin,+ G.R.+ No.+ LH7491,+ [August+ 8,+ The, Court, recognized, that,Kottinger+failed, to,
1955],+97+PHIL+418H420),Moreover,,in,People+v.+ afford,a,conclusive,definition,of,obscenity,,and,
Padan+ y+ Alova 6 ,, the, Supreme, Court, in, a, way, that, both,Go+ Pin,and,Padan+ y+ Alova+raised,
reaffirmed, the, standards, set, in, People, v., Go, more,questions,than,answers,such,as,,whether,
Pin,with,its,own,test,of,redeeming+feature:,, the,absence,or,presence,of,artists,and,persons,
, interested, in, art, and, who, generally, go, to, art,
We,have,had,occasion,to,consider,offenses,like, exhibitions, and, galleries, to, satisfy, and,
the, exhibition, of, still, or, moving, pictures, of, improve, their, artistic, tastes,, determine, what,
women, in, the, nude,, which, we, have, art, is;, or, that, if, they, find, inspiration, in, the,
condemned, for, obscenity, and, as, offensive, to, exhibitions,,whether,such,exhibitions,cease,to,
morals.,In,those,cases,,one,might,yet,claim,that, be,obscene.,Go+Pin,and,Padan+y+Alova,gave,too,
there, was, involved, the, element, of, art;, that, much, latitude, for, judicial, arbitrament,, which,
connoisseurs, of, the, same,, and, painters, and, has, permitted,ad, lib,of, ideas, and, "twoMcents,
sculptors, might, find, inspiration, in, the, worths",among,judges,as,to,what,is,obscene,or,
showing,of,pictures,in,the,nude,,or,the,human, what,is,art.,,,
body,exhibited,in,sheer,nakedness,,as,models, ,
in,tableaux,vivants.,But,an,actual,exhibition,of, The,Court,also,emphasized,the,difficulty,of,the,
the, sexual, act,, preceded, by, acts, of, question, and, pointed, out, how, hazy,
lasciviousness,,can,have,no,redeeming,feature., jurisprudence, is, on, obscenity, and, how,
In, it,, there, is, no, room, for, art., One, can, see, jurisprudence, actually, failed, to, settle,
nothing, in, it, but, clear, and, unmitigated, questions, on, the, matter., Significantly,, the,
obscenity,,indecency,,and,an,offense,to,public, dynamism,of,human,civilization,does,not,help,
morals,, inspiring, and, causing, as, it, does,, at, all., It, is, evident, that, individual, tastes,
nothing,but,lust,and,lewdness,,and,exerting,a, develop,,adapt,to,wideMranging,influences,,and,
corrupting,influence,specially,on,the,youth,of, keep, in, step, with, the, rapid, advance, of,
the,land.,, civilization., It, seems, futile, at, this, point, to,
, formulate,a,perfect,definition,of,obscenity,that,
Inapplicability( of( the( Kottinger( Test( of( shall,apply,in,all,cases.,
Obscenity(today((Pita&v.&Court&of&Appeals7), ,
Kottinger,,in, its, effort, to, arrive, at, a, Miller(Test(of(Obscenity(
"conclusive", definition,, succeeded, merely, in, Miller,is, the, modern, obscenity, test, most,
generalizing, a, problem, that, has, grown, protective,of,speech,uniformly,followed,in,this,
increasingly,complex,over,the,years.,Precisely,, jurisdiction, for, over, two, decades., The,
the, question, is:, When, does, a, guidelines,are,as,follows:,,
publication,have,a, corrupting, tendency,, or, ,
when,can,it,be,said,to,be,offensive,to,human,
,G.R.,No.,LM7295.,June,28,,1957.,
6 ,G.R.,No.,80806.,October,5,,1989.,
7

a.! Whether,the,'average,person,,applying, ,
contemporary, standards', would, find, While, adults, may, have, understood, that, the,
the,work,,taken,as,a,whole,,appeals,to, terms,thus,used,were,not,to,be,taken,literally,,
the,prurient,interest,...;, children,could,hardly,be,expected,to,have,the,
b.! Whether, the, work, depicts, or, same,discernment.,Without,parental,guidance,,
describes,,in,a,patently,offensive,way,, the,unbridled,use,of,such,language,as,that,of,
sexual,conduct,specifically,defined,by, petitioner, in, a, television, broadcast, could,
the,applicable,state,law;,and, corrupt, impressionable, young, minds., The,
c.! Whether, the, work,, taken, as, a, whole,, term"putang, babae",means, "a, female,
lacks,serious,literary,,artistic,,political, prostitute",, a, term, wholly, inappropriate, for,
or,scientific,value., children,,who,could,look,it,up,in,a,dictionary,
,, and, just, get, the, literal, meaning,, missing, the,
The, tests, or, guidelines, cited, above, were, context, within, which, it, was, used., Petitioner,
created,and,applied,as,demarcations,between, further, used, the, terms,,"ang, gumagana, lang,
protected, expression, or, speech, and, obscene, doon, yung, ibaba",,making, reference, to, the,
expressions.,The,distinction,is,crucial,because, female, sexual, organ, and, how, a, female,
censorship, or, prohibition, beyond, these, prostitute,uses,it,in,her,trade,,then,stating,that,
guidelines, is, a, possible, danger, to, the, Sandoval, was, worse, than, that, by, using, his,
protected,freedom.,For,this,reason,,the,courts,, mouth,in,a,similar,manner.,Children,could,be,
as, "guard[ians], against, any, impermissible, motivated,by,curiosity,and,ask,the,meaning,of,
infringement, on, the, freedom, of, ., ., ., what,petitioner,said,,also,without,placing,the,
expression,", "should, be, mindful, that, no, phrase,in,context.,They,may,be,inquisitive,as,
violation, of, such, is, freedom, is, to, why, Sandoval, is, different, from, a, female,
allowable.",(Disini,+ Jr.+ v.+ Secretary+ of+ Justice,+ prostitute, and, the, reasons, for, the,
G.R.+ Nos.+ 203335,+ 203299,+ 203306,+ 203359,+ dissimilarity.,And,upon,learning,the,meanings,
203378,+ 203391,+ 203407,+ 203440,+ 203453,+ of, the, words, used,, young, minds,, without, the,
203454,+ 203469,+ 203501,+ 203509,+ 203515,+ guidance,of,an,adult,,may,,from,their,end,,view,
203518,+[February+18,+2014],+727+PHIL+28H430), this,kind,of,indecent,speech,as,obscene,,if,they,
, take, these, words, literally, and, use, them, in,
What( may( not( be( obscene( for( an( average( their,own,speech,or,form,their,own,ideas,on,
adult(may(be(obscene(for(an(average(child( the, matter., In, this, particular, case,, where,
Soriano( v.( Laguardia,( G.R.( No.( 164785,( children, had, the, opportunity, to, hear,
165636,([April(29,(2009]( petitioner's, words,, when, speaking, of, the,
A, cursory, examination, of, the, utterances, average, person, in, the, test, for, obscenity,, we,
complained, of, and, the, circumstances, of, the, are, speaking, of, the, average, child,, not, the,
case, reveal, that, to, an, average, adult,, the, average,adult.,The,average,child,may,not,have,
utterances,"Gago+ka+talaga+...,masahol+ka+pa+sa+ the,adult's,grasp,of,figures,of,speech,,and,may,
putang+ babae+ ....Yung+ putang+ babae+ ang+ lack,the,understanding,that,language,may,be,
gumagana+ lang+ doon+ yung+ ibaba,+ [dito]+ kay+ colorful,,and,words,may,convey,more,than,the,
Michael+ang+gumagana+ang+itaas,+o+di+ba!",may, literal,meaning.,Undeniably,the,subject,speech,
not, constitute, obscene, but, merely, indecent, is,very,suggestive,of,a,female,sexual,organ,and,
utterances., They, can, be, viewed, as, figures, of, its, function, as, such., In, this, sense,, we, find,
speech, or, merely, a, play, on, words., In, the, petitioner's, utterances, obscene, and, not,
context, they, were, used,, they, may, not, appeal, entitled, to, protection, under, the, umbrella, of,
to, the, prurient, interests, of, an, adult., The, freedom,of,speech.,
problem, with, the, challenged, statements, is, ,
that,they,were,uttered,in,a,TV,program,that,is, Even, if, we, concede, that, petitioner's, remarks,
rated, "G", or, for, general, viewership,, and, in, a, are, not, obscene, but, merely, indecent, speech,,
time,slot,that,would,likely,reach,even,the,eyes, still,the,Court,rules,that,petitioner,cannot,avail,
and,ears,of,children., himself,of,the,constitutional,protection,of,free,

speech., Said, statements, were, made, in, a, Defense,for,review.,The,decision,of,the,

medium, easily, accessible, to, children., With, Secretary,of,National,Defense,shall,be,
respect, to, the, young, minds,, said, utterances, final,and,unappealable.,
are,to,be,treated,as,unprotected,speech., ,
( Additional(Penalties((P.D.(969)(
Mere( possession( of( obscene( materials( is( In,case,the,offender,is,a,government,official,or,
not(punishable( employee,who,allows,the,violations,of,Section,
Mere,possession,of,obscene,materials,,without, 1,hereof,,the,penalty,as,provided,herein,shall,
intention,to,sell,,exhibit,,or,give,them,away,,is, be, imposed, in, the, maximum, period, and,, in,
not,punishable,under,Article,201,,considering, addition,,the,accessory,penalties,provided,for,
the, purpose, of, the, law, is, to, prohibit, the, in, the, Revised, Penal, Code,, as, amended,, shall,
dissemination, of, obscene, materials, to, the, likewise,be,imposed.,
public.,The,offense,in,any,of,the,forms,under, ,
Article, 201, is, committed, only, when, there, is, Forfeiture(of(confiscated(obscene(materials(
publicity.,32,The, law, does, not, require, that, a, in(favor(of(the(government(
person, be, caught, in, the, act, of, selling,, giving, Nogales( v.( People,( G.R.( No.( 191080,(
away, or, exhibiting, obscene, materials, to, be, [November(21,(2011],(676(PHIL(486C499(
liable,, for, as, long, as, the, said, materials, are, Facts:(
offered,for,sale,,displayed,or,exhibited,to,the, Several, electronic, devices, including, desktop,
public.,(Fernando+v.+Court+of+Appeals,+G.R.+No.+ computer,CPUs,and,softwares,were,seized,by,
159751,+ [December+ 6,+ 2006],+ 539+ PHIL+ 407H virtue, of, a, search, warrant, in, violation, of,
420)+ Article, 201, of, the, Revised, Penal, Code,, as,
+ amended,in,relation,to,R.A.,No.,8972.The,RTC,
Disposition( of( Prohibited( Articles( (P.D.( issued,an,order,to,keep,the,seized,items,in,the,
969)( NBI, evidence, room, with, the, undertaking, to,
Sec.,2.,Disposition+of+the+Prohibited+Articles.,—, make, said, confiscated, items, available,
The,disposition,of,the,literature,,films,,prints,, whenever, the, court, would, require, them.,
engravings,, sculptures,, paintings,, or, other, Aggrieved, by, the, issuance, of, the, said, order,,
materials,involved,in,the,violation,referred,to, the,named,persons,in,the,search,warrant,filed,
in, Section, 1, hereof, shall, be, governed, by, the, a,Motion,to,Quash,Search,Warrant,and,Return,
following,rules:, Seized,Properties,,but,were,denied.,
a.! Upon,conviction,of,the,offender,,to,be, ,
forfeited,in,favor,of,the,government,to, The,Court,of,Appeals,,in,resolving,the,petition,
be,destroyed., for, certiorari, filed, with, it, against, the, RTC,
b.! Where, the, criminal, case, against, any, judge,,ordered,the,release,of,the,seized,CPUs,
violator, of, this, decree, results, in, an, and,softwares,with,the,condition,that,the,hard,
acquittal,, the, obscene/immoral, disk, be, removed, from, the, CPUs, and, be,
literature,, films,, prints,, engravings,, destroyed,,and,if,the,softwares,are,determined,
sculpture,,paintings,or,other,materials, to, be, unlicensed, or, pirated, copies,, they, shall,
and, articles, involved, in, the, violation, be,destroyed,in,the,manner,allowed,by,law.,
referred, to, in, Section, 1, hereof, shall, ,
nevertheless, be, forfeited, in, favor, of, Petitioners, argue, that, there, is, no, evidence,
the,government,to,be,destroyed,,after, showing, that, they, were, the, source, of,
forfeiture, proceedings, conducted, by, pornographic,printouts,presented,by,the,NBI,
the,Chief,of,Constabulary, to,the,RTC,or,to,the,City,Prosecutor,of,Manila.,
c.! The,person,aggrieved,by,the,forfeiture, Since,the,hard,disks,in,their,computers,are,not,
action, of, the, Chief, of, Constabulary, illegal,per,se,unlike,shabu,,opium,,counterfeit,
may,,within,fifteen,(15),days,after,his, money,, or, pornographic, magazines,, said,
receipt,of,a,copy,of,the,decision,,appeal, merchandise,are,lawful,as,they,are,being,used,
the,matter,to,the,Secretary,of,National, in, the, ordinary, course, of, business,, the,

destruction, of, which, would, violate, not, only, The,CA,is,correct,in,stating,that,the,removal,of,

procedural,,but,substantive,due,process., the,hard,disk,from,the,CPU,is,a,reliable,way,of,
, permanently, removing, the, obscene, or,
Issue:( pornographic, files., Significantly,, Presidential,
Whether,or,not,the,removal,of,the,hard,disks, Decree,(PD),No.,969,is,explicit.,Thus:,
containing, the, pornographic, obscene, ,
materials, violates, the, property, rights, of, its, Sec., 2.,Disposition, of, the, Prohibited,
owner,, considering, the, criminal, case, for, Articles.,—, The, disposition, of, the, literature,,
violation, of, Article, 201, of, the, RPC, was, films,,prints,,engravings,,sculptures,,paintings,,
dismissed., or, other, materials, involved, in, the, violation,
, referred, to, in, Section, 1, hereof, shall, be,
Ruling:( governed,by,the,following,rules:,
No.,, ,
, a.,Upon, conviction, of, the, offender,, to, be,
Petitioners, argue, that, there, is, no, evidence, forfeited, in, favor, of, the, government, to, be,
showing, that, they, were, the, source, of, destroyed.,
pornographic,printouts,presented,by,the,NBI, b.,Where,the,criminal,case,against,any,violator,
to,the,RTC,or,to,the,City,Prosecutor,of,Manila, of, this, decree, results, in, an, acquittal,, the,
in,I.S.,No.,07HM13530.,Since,the,hard,disks,in, obscene/immoral, literature,, films,, prints,,
their, computers, are, not, illegal,per, se,unlike, engravings,, sculpture,, paintings, or,other,
shabu,, opium,, counterfeit, money,, or, materials, and, other, articles, involved, in, the,
pornographic, magazines,, said, merchandise, violation,referred, to, in, Section, 1,hereof, shall,
are, lawful, as, they, are, being, used, in, the, nevertheless, be,forfeited,in, favor, of, the,
ordinary,course,of,business,,the,destruction,of, government, to, be,destroyed,,after, forfeiture,
which,would,violate,not,only,procedural,,but, proceedings, conducted, by, the, Chief, of,
substantive,due,process., Constabulary., [Emphasis, and, underscoring,
,, supplied],
The, argument, of, petitioners, is, totally, ,
misplaced, considering, the, undisputed, fact, Clearly,, the, provision, directs, the, forfeiture,
that, the, seized, computer, units, contained, of,all,materials, involved, in, violation, of, the,
obscene,materials,or,pornographic,files.,Had,it, subject, law., The, CA, was, lenient, with,
been, otherwise,, then,, petitioners', argument, petitioners,in,modifying,the,ruling,of,the,RTC,
would,have,been,meritorious,as,there,could,be, in, that, the, CPUs, and, softwares,, which, were,
no, basis, for, destroying, the, hard, disks, of, initially, ordered, to, be, retained, by, the, NBI,,
petitioners',computer,units., should,be,released,in,their,favor,with,only,the,
, hard, disk, removed, from, the, CPUs, and,
While,it,may,be,true,that,the,criminal,case,for, destroyed.,If,the,softwares,are,determined,to,
violation, of, Article, 201, of, the,Revised, Penal, be, violative, of, Article, 201, of, the,RPC,,
Code,was,dismissed,as,there,was,no,concrete, unlicensed, or, pirated,, they, should, also, be,
and, strong, evidence, pointing, to, them, as, the, forfeited,and,destroyed,in,the,manner,allowed,
direct, source, of, the, subject, pornographic, by, law., The, law, is, clear., Only, licensed,
materials,,it,cannot,be,used,as,basis,to,recover, softwares, that, can, be, used, for, legitimate,
the,confiscated,hard,disks.,At,the,risk,of,being, purposes,should,be,returned,to,petitioners.,
repetitious,, it, appears, undisputed, that, the, ,
seized, computer, units, belonging, to, them, To,stress,,P.D.,No.,969,mandates,the,forfeiture,
contained,obscene,materials,or,pornographic, and, destruction, of, pornographic, materials,
files., Clearly,, petitioners, had, no, legitimate, involved, in, the, violation, of, Article, 201, of,
expectation, of, protection, of, their, supposed, the,Revised, Penal, Code,, even, if, the, accused,
property,rights., was,acquitted.,,
, ,

This,will,serve,as,a,lesson,for,those,engaged,in, period,to,prisión,correccional,in,its,minimum,
any,way,in,the,proliferation,of,pornography,or, period,or,a,fine,ranging,from,Twenty,thousand,
obscenity, in, this, country., The, Court, is, not, pesos, (P20,000), to, Two, hundred, thousand,
unmindful, of, the, concerns, of, petitioners, but, pesos,(P200,000),,or,both,,in,the,discretion,of,
their, supposed, property, rights, must, be, the,court.,
balanced, with, the, welfare, of, the, public, in, ,
general., Prostitute(
, A,woman,is,a,prostitute,when:,
Obscene( publications( and( indecent( shows( 1.! She, habitually+ indulges, in, (a), sexual,
under(R.A.(No.(7610( intercourse, or, (b), lascivious, conduct;,
Obscene+ Publications+ and+ Indecent+ Shows.+ —, and,
Any, person, who, shall, hire,, employ,, use,, 2.! For,money,or,profit,
persuade,,induce,or,coerce,a,child,to,perform, ,
in, obscene, exhibitions, and, indecent, shows,, Prostitution(v.(Adultery(
whether,live,or,in,video,,or,model,in,obscene, Prostitution,and,adultery,are,not,one,and,the,
publications, or, pornographic, materials, or, to, same,thing;,the,first,is,a,crime,against,public,
sell,or,distribute,the,said,materials,shall,suffer, morals,, committed, by, a, woman,, whether,
the, penalty, of,prision, mayor,in, its, medium, married, or, not,, who,, for, money, or, profit,,
period., habitually, indulges, in, sexual, intercourse, or,
,, lascivious,conduct,,whereas,adultery,is,in,the,
If, the, child, used, as, a, performer,, subject, or, nature, of, a, private, offense, committed, by, a,
seller/distributor, is, below, twelve, (12), years, married, woman, who, shall, have, sexual,
of, age,, the, penalty, shall, be, imposed, in, its, intercourse, with, a, man, not, her, husband., In,
maximum,period., short,, the, essential, element, in, prostitution, is,
, not, simply, a, woman's, entering, into, marital,
Any,ascendant,,guardian,,or,person,entrusted, relations,with,a,man,other,than,her,husband,,
in, any, capacity, with, the, care, of, a, child, who, if,she,happens,to,be,married,,but,the,existence,
shall, cause, and/or, allow, such, child, to, be, of, pecuniary, or, financial, gain, as, inducement,
employed,or,to,participate,in,an,obscene,play,, to,, or, consideration, for,, that, woman's,
scene,,act,,movie,or,show,or,in,any,other,acts, engaging, in, sexual, activities., Thus,, to, call, a,
covered,by,this,section,shall,suffer,the,penalty, married, woman, a,prostitute,is, not, merely, to,
of,prision,mayor,in,its,medium,period.,(sec.+9,+ proclaim, her, an, adulteress,, a, violator, of, her,
Art.+V,+R.A.+7610), marital, vows;, it, is, to, charge, her, of, having,
, committed,an,offense,against,public,morals,,of,
Prostitutes8( moral,degeneracy,far,exceeding,that,involved,
in, the, maintenance, of, adulterous, relations.,
,
(People+v.+Hong+Din+Chu,+G.R.+No.+LH27830,+[May+
ART.+ 202.,Prostitutes;, Penalty., —, For, the,
29,+1970],+144+PHIL+158H163),
purpose,of,this,article,,women,who,,for,money,
,
or, profit,, habitually, indulge, in, sexual,
Mendicant9,(definition(
intercourse,or,lascivious,conduct,,are,deemed,
One, who, has, no, visible, and, legal, means, of,
to,be,prostitutes.,
support,, or, lawful, employment, and, who, is,
,
physically, able, to, work, but, neglects, to, apply,
Any,person,found,guilty,of,any,of,the,offenses,
himself,to,some,lawful,calling,and,instead,uses,
covered, by, this, article, shall, be, punished,
begging,as,a,means,of,living.,
by,arresto, menor,or, a, fine, not, exceeding,
,
Twenty,thousand,pesos,(P20,000),,and,in,case,
,
of,recidivism,,by,arresto,mayor,in,its,medium,
8,Amended,by,R.A.,No.,10158,,Mar.,27,,2012,and,and,R.A.,10951., ,P.D.,1563,,June,11,,1978.,
9
Aug.,29,,2017.,

Human(Trafficking(in(Persons( “Expanded+ AntiHTrafficking+ in+ Persons+ Act+ of+

( 2012).,
•! With,or,without,consent,or,
REPUBLIC(ACT(NO.(9208(
knowledge,
•! Within,or,across,national,borders,
AN(ACT(TO(INSTITUTE(POLICIES(TO(
,
ELIMINATE(TRAFFICKING(IN(PERSONS(
b.,The,recruitment,,transportation,,transfer,
ESPECIALLY(WOMEN(AND(CHILDREN,(
involves:,
ESTABLISHING(THE(NECESSARY(
•! Threat,or,use,of,force,
INSTITUTIONAL(MECHANISMS(FOR(THE(
•! Fraud,or,deceit,
PROTECTION(AND(SUPPORT(OF(
TRAFFICKED(PERSONS,(PROVIDING( •! Violence,
PENALTIES(FOR(ITS(VIOLATIONS,(AND(FOR( •! Coercion,
OTHER(( •! Intimidation,
•! Abuse,of,power,or,of,position,
(Amended(by(R.A.(10364(or(the(Expanded( •! Taking,advantage,of,the,vulnerability,
antiCTrafficking(in(Persons(Act(of(2012), of,a,person,
•! The,giving,or,receiving,of,payments,or,
benefits, to, achieve, the, consent, of, a,
(
person, having, control, over, another,
“Trafficking, in, Persons”, refers, to, the,
person.,
recruitment,, transportation,, transfer, or,
,
harboring,,or,receipt,persons,with,or,without,
c., the, recruitment,, harboring,, transportation,,
the, victim’s, consent, or, knowledge, within, or,
or,receipt,of,a,person,is,for,the,purpose,of:,
across,national,borders,by,means,of,threat,or,
•! Prostitution,
use, of, force,, or, other, forms, of, coercion,,
abduction,,fraud,,deception,,abuse,of,power,or, •! Other,forms,of,sexual,exploitation,
position,,taking,advantage,of,the,vulnerability, •! Forced,labor,or,services,
of, the, person,, or,, the, giving, or, receiving, of, •! Slavery/servitude,
payments,or,benefits,to,achieve,the,consent,of, •! Removal,and,sale,of,organs.,
a, person, having, control, over, another, person, ,
for,the,purpose,of,exploitation,which,includes, The, recruitment,, transportation,, transfer,,
at, a, minimum,, the, exploitation, of, the, harboring,,receipt,of,a,child,for,the,purpose,of,
prostitution,of,others,or,other,forms,of,sexual, exploitation, shall, also, be, considered, as,
exploitation,,forced,labor,or,services,,slavery,, trafficking, in, persons, even, if, it, does, not,
servitude,or,the,removal,or,sale,of,organs., involve,any,of,the,means,set,forth,in,the,law.,
, ,
The, recruitment,, transportation,, transfer,, Trafficking(in(Persons(v.((Human/People(
harboring, or, receipt, of, a, child, for, purpose, Smuggling(
exploitation,shall,be,considered,as,“trafficking, Trafficking(in( Human(smuggling(
in, persons”, even, if, it, does, not, involve, any, of, persons(
the,means,set,forth,in,Sec,3., Usually,involves, Usually,does,not,
, coercion, involve,coercion,
Trafficking(in(Persons( Characterized, by, Characterized,by,
, subsequent, facilitating,,for,a,fee,,
a.,Recruitment,,obtaining,&hiring,&providing,, exploitation,after,the, the,
offering,, transportation,, transfer,, illegal, entry, of, a, illegal,entry,of,a,
maintaining,, harboring,, or, receipt, of, person,into,a,foreign, person,into,a,
persons,(as+ amended+ by+ R.A.+ 10364+ or+ the+ country, foreign,country,
, ,

Considered,a,human, Considered,a, 4.! Offer, or, contract, marriage,, real, or,

rights,issue, migration,concern, simulated,, for, the, purpose, of,
, , acquiring,, buying,, offering,, selling, or,
, trading,them,to,engage,in,prostitution,,
Punishable(Acts( pornography,, sexual, exploitation,,
forced, labor, or, slavery,, involuntary,
1.! Acts,of,Trafficking,in,persons,(Sec.,4), servitude,or,debt,bondage,
2.! Acts,that,promote,trafficking,in, ,
persons,(Sec.,5), 5.! Maintains,or,hires,a,person,to,engage,
3.! Violation,of,Confidentiality,(Sec.,7), in,prostitution,or,pornography.,
4.! Use,of,trafficked,person,for, ,
prostitution,(Sec.11), 6.! Adopts, or, facilitates, the, adoption, of,
, persons, for, the, purpose, of,
What(are(considered(acts(of(trafficking(in( prostitution,, pornography,, sexual,
persons?( exploitation,, forced, labor,, slavery,,
Sec.(4,(R.A.(9208( involuntary, servitude, or, debt,
( bondage.,
1.! Recruit,, transport,, transfer,, harbor,, ,
provide,, or, receive, a, person, by, any, 7.! Recruit,, hire,, adopt,, transport, or,
means,,including,those,done,under,the, abduct,a,person,by,means,of,threat,or,
pretext, of, domestic, or, overseas, use,of,force,,
employment, or, training, or, fraud,, deceit,, violence,, coercion,, or,
apprenticeship, for, the, purpose, of, intimidation, for, the, purpose, of,
prostitution,, pornography,, sexual, removal, or, sale, of, organs, of, said,
exploitation,, forced, labor,, slavery,, person,
involuntary, servitude, or, debt, ,
bondage., 8.! Recruit,, transport, or, adopt, a, child, to,
, engage, in, armed, activities, in, the,
2.! Introduce, or, match, for, money,, profit,, Philippines,or,abroad.,
or, material,, economic, or, other, ,
consideration,, any, person, or,, as,
,
provided, for, under, RA, 6955,, any,
What(acts(constitute(promoting(
Filipino, woman, to, a, foreign, national,,
trafficking?(
for, marriage, for, the, purpose, of,
acquiring,, buying,, offering,, selling, or, (
trading, him/her, to, engage, in, Sec.(5,(R.A.(9208,
prostitution,, pornography,, sexual, ,
exploitation,, forced, labor,, slavery,, •! Knowingly, lease, or, subMlease,, use, or,
involuntary, servitude, or, debt, allow,to,be,,used,any,house,,building,or,
bondage., establishment, for, the, purpose, of,
, promoting,trafficking,in,persons,
3.! Offer, or, contract, marriage,, real, or, ,
simulated,, for, the, purpose, of, •! Produce,,print,and,issue,or,distribute,
acquiring,, buying,, offering,, selling, or, unMissued,, , tampered, or, fake,
trading,them,to,engage,in,prostitution,, counseling, certificates,, registration,
pornography,, sexual, exploitation,, stickers, and, certificates, of, any,
forced, labor, or, slavery,, involuntary, government,agency,which,issues,these,
servitude,or,debt,bondage, certificates, and, stickers, as, proof, of,
, compliance, with, government,
regulatory, and, preMdeparture,

requirements, for, the, purpose, of, •! When,the,trafficked,person,is,a,child,

promoting,TIP, •! When,adoption,is,effected,through,RA,
, 8043,for,the,,purpose,of,trafficking,
•! Advertise,,publish,,print,,broadcast,or, •! When, crime, is, committed, by, a,
distribute,,or,,cause,the,advertisement,, syndicate,or,in,alarge,scale.,
publication,, printing,, broadcasting, or, •! When, the, offender, is, an, ascendant,,
distribution, by, any, means,, including, parent,, sibling,, guardian,, or, a, person,
the,use,of,information,technology,and, who, exercises, authority, over, a,
the, internet, of, any, brochure,, flyer, or, trafficked, person, or, when, offense, is,
any, propaganda, materials, that, committed, by, a, public, officer, or,
promote,trafficking,in,persons, employee,
, •! When, the, trafficked, person, is,
•! Assist, in, the, conduct, of, recruited, to, engage, in, , prostitution,
misrepresentation, or, fraud, for, , the, with,any,member,of,the,military,
purposes,of,facilitating,the,acquisition, •! When,the,offender,is,a,member,of,the,
of, clearances, and, necessary, exit, military,or,,
documents,from,government,agencies, law,enforcement,agencies,
that, are, mandated, to, provide, preM •! When, the, trafficked, person, dies,,
departure,registration,and,services,for, becomes,insane,,,suffers,mutilation,or,
departing, persons, for, the, purpose, of, is,afflicted,with,HIVMAIDS.,
promoting,TIP., ,
, ,
•! Facilitate,,assist,or,help,in,the,exit,and, Violation(of(confidentiality((sec.(7)(
entry,of,,persons,from/to,the,country,
,
at, international, and, local, airports,,
•! The,name,and,personal,circumstances,
territorial, boundaries, and, seaports,
of, the, trafficked, person, or, of, the,
who, are, in, possession, of, unMissued,,
accused,, or, any, other, information,
tampered, or, fraudulent, travel,
tending, to, establish, their, identities,
document, for, the, purpose, of,
and, such, circumstances, or,
promoting,trafficking,in,persons,
information, shall, not, be, disclosed, to,
,
the,public.,
•! Confiscate,, conceal,, , or, destroy, the,
•! In, cases, when, prosecution, or, trial, is,
passport,, travel, documents, or,
conducted,behind,closed,doors,,it,shall,
personal, documents, or, belongings, of,,
be, unlawful, for, any, editor,, publisher,,
trafficked, persons, in, furtherance, of,
and, reporter, or, columnist, in, case, of,
trafficking, or, to, prevent, them, from,
printed, materials,, announcer, or,
leaving,the,country,or,seeking,redress,
producer, in, case, of, television, and,
the, government, of, appropriate,
radio,,producer,or,director,of,a,film,in,
agencies.,
case,of,movie,industry,,or,any,person,
,
utilizing, triMmedia, facilities, or,
•! Knowingly, benefit, from,, financial, or,,
information, technology, to, cause,
otherwise,, or, otherwise,, or, make, use, publicity, of, any, case, of, trafficking, in,
of,, the, labor, or, services, of, a, person,
persons.,
held, to, a, condition, of, involuntary,
,
servitude,,forced,labor,or,slavery,
,
,
USE(OF(TRAFFICKED(PERSONS(
,
(
What(acts(constitute(qualified(trafficking?(
,

RA,9208,punishes,any,person,who,buys,or, Second& and& subsequent& offenses:, 1, year,

engages,services,of,a,trafficked,person,for, imprisonment,and,a,fine,of,100,000.00,
prostitution., ,
, (
, Who(may(file(a(complaint?(
Who(are(criminally(liable(for(trafficking(in( (
persons?( Any, person, who, has, personal, knowledge, of,
( the,commission,of,any,offense,under,the,law,,
Any,person,,natural,or,juridical,,who,commits, the, trafficked, person,, the, parents,, spouse,,
any,offense,under,R.A.,9208,may,be,punished, siblings,,children,or,legal,guardian.,
for,trafficking,acts., ,
, ,
, May(victims(of(trafficking(in(persons(be(
Penalties,(sanctions(and(prescriptive( punished(under(the(law?(
periods( (
( Trafficked, persons, shall, be, recognized, as,
Penalty( Penalty( Pres.( victims, if, acts, of, trafficking, and, shall, not, be,
Period( penalized, for, crimes, directly, related, to, the,
Acts,of, Imp:,20,yrs., 10,years, acts, of, trafficking, or, for, obeying, order, of,
trafficking, Fine:,P1M2M, traffickers., It, doesn’t, matter, if, the, trafficked,
Acts,that, Imp:,15,yrs., , person,consented,to,the,intended,exploitation.,
promote, Fine:, ,
trafficking, P500,000M1M, ,
Qualified, Life, Syndicated, Where(can(trafficking(in(persons(cases(be(
Trafficking, imprisonment, /,Large,–, filed?(
Fine:,P2M5M, scale:,20, The,venue,of,the,criminal,action,may,either,be,
years, at:,
( ,
( •! where,the,offense,was,committed;,
Syndicate( •! where,any,of,its,elements,occurred;,or,
Trafficking, is, deemed, committed, by, a, •! where, the, trafficked, person, actually,
syndicate,if,carried,out,by,a,group,of,three,(3), resides,at,the,time,of,the,commission,
or, more, persons, conspiring, or, confederating, of,the,offense,
with,one,another., ,
, Provided,, that, the, court, where, the, criminal,,
Large(Scale( action,is,first,filed,shall,acquire,jurisdiction,to,
It, is, deemed, committed, in, large, scale, if, the,exclusion,of,other,courts,
committed,against,three,(3),or,more,persons, ,
individually,or,a,group.,
Other(salient(provisions(of(the(antiC
,
trafficking(in(persons(act((
Note:, conspiracy, to, commit, trafficking, in,
persons,is,not,punishable., ,
( •! Considers, trafficked, persons, as,
( victims,rather,than,as,,offenders,
Use(of(trafficked(person,(penalty.( •! Exempts, trafficked, persons, from,
First& offense:, 6, months, community, service, payment,of,filing,fees,
and,a,fine,of,P50,000, •! Recognizes, the, right, to, privacy, of,
, trafficked, persons, during,
investigation,,prosecution,and,trial,

•! Gives, trafficked, persons, preferential, Under,Republic,Act,No.,10364,,the,elements,of,

entitlement, under, , the, government’s, trafficking,in,persons,have,been,expanded,to,
Witness,Protection,Program, include,the,following,acts:,,
•! Provides, protection, and, assistance, to,
trafficked, persons, who, are, foreign, (1),The,act,of,“recruitment,,obtaining,,hiring,,
nationals, providing,, offering,, transportation,, transfer,,
•! Mandates, government, agencies, to, maintaining,, harboring,, or, receipt, of, persons,
establish, and, , implement, preventive,, with, or, without, the, victim’s, consent, or,
protective,and,rehabilitative,programs, knowledge,, within, or, across, national,
•! Establishes,a,trust,fund,for,programs,, borders;”,,
•! Creates, the, InterMAgency, Council,
Against,Trafficking, (2), The, means, used, include, “by, means, of,
threat,, or, use, of, force,, or, other, forms, of,
,
coercion,,abduction,,fraud,,deception,,abuse,of,
People(vs(Casio((G.R.(No.(211465,( power,or,of,position,,taking,advantage,of,the,
December(3,(2014)( vulnerability, of, the, person,, or,, the, giving, or,
receiving, of, payments, or, benefits, to, achieve,
Facts:,On, May, 2,, 2008,, International, Justice, the, consent, of, a, person, having, control, over,
Mission, (IJM),, a, nongovernmental, another,person”,,
organization,, coordinated, with, the, police, in,
order, to, entrap, persons, engaged, in, human, (3), The, purpose, of, trafficking, includes, “the,
trafficking, in, Cebu, City., Chief, PSI, George, exploitation, or, the, prostitution, of, others, or,
Ylanan,, SPO1, Felomino, Mendaros,, SPO1, Fe, other, forms, of, sexual, exploitation,, forced,
Altubar,,PO1,Albert,Luardo,,and,PO1,Roy,Carlo, labor, or, services,, slavery,, servitude, or, the,
Veloso, composed, the, team, of, police, removal,or,sale,of,organs”,
operatives,, Luardo, and, Veloso, were,
designated, as, decoys,, pretending, to, be, tour,
The,Court,of,Appeals,found,that,AAA,and,BBB,
guides, looking, for, girls, to, entertain, their,
were,recruited,by,accused,when,their,services,
guests., IJM, provided, them, with, marked,
were, peddled, to, the, police, who, acted, as,
money,, which, was, recorded, in, the, police,
decoys., AAA, was, a, child, at, the, time, that,
blotter., The, team, went, to, Queensland, Motel,
accused, peddled, her,services.66,to, work, as, a,
and,rented,adjacent,Rooms,24,and,25.,Room,
prostitute, because, she, needed, money., AAA,
24, was, designated, for, the, transaction, while,
also, stated, that, she, agreed, Accused, took,
Room, 25, was, for, the, rest, of, the, police, team.,
advantage,of,AAA’s,vulnerability,as,a,child,and,
PO1, Luardo, and, PO1, Veloso, proceeded, to, D.,
as, one, who, need, money,, as, proven, by, the,
Jakosalem, Street, in, Barangay, Kamagayan,,
testimonies,of,the,witnesses.,
Cebu,City’s,red,light,district,where,the,accused,
noticed, them, and, called, their, attention.,
Knowledge, or, consent, of, the, minor, is, not, a,
Negotiation, occured, and, upon, the, signal,, the,
defense,under,Republic,Act,No.,9208.,
accused, was, arrested, and, the, two, minors,
were,taken,into,custody,by,the,DSWD,officials.,
“The, recruitment,, transportation,, transfer,,
harboring,,adoption,or,receipt,of,a,child,for,the,
Issue:,Whether, or, not, accused, is, liable, for,
purpose,of,exploitation,or,when,the,adoption,
trafficking,of,persons.,
is, induced, by, any, form, of, consideration, for,
exploitative,purposes,shall,also,be,considered,
Held:,,
as, ‘trafficking, in, persons’, even, if, it, does, not,
involve, any, of, the, means, set, forth, in, the,
Yes.,, preceding,paragraph.”,

Accused, is, further, guilty, of, qualified,

trafficking.,SEC., 6., Qualified, Trafficking, in,
Persons.—, The, following, are, considered, as,
qualified,trafficking:,,
1.,When,the,trafficked,person,is,a,child;,,
2., When, the, adoption, is, effected, through,

Republic, Act, No., 8043,, otherwise, known, as,
the,“InterMCountry,Adoption,Act,of,1995”,and,
said, adoption, is, for, the, purpose, of,
prostitution,, pornography,, sexual,
exploitation,,forced,labor,,slavery,,involuntary,
servitude,or,debt,bondage;,,
3.,When,the,crime,is,committed,by,a,syndicate,,
or, in, large, scale., Trafficking, is, deemed,
committed, by, a, syndicate, if, carried, out, by, a,
group,of,three,(3),or,more,persons,conspiring,
or, confederating, with, one, another., It, is,
deemed,committed,in,large,scale,if,committed,
against,three,(3),or,more,persons,,individually,
or,as,a,group;,,
4.,When,the,offender,is,an,ascendant,,parent,,
sibling,, guardian, or, a, person, who, exercise,
authority, over, the, trafficked, person, or, when,
the,offense,is,committed,by,a,public,officer,or,
employee;,,
5., When, the, trafficked, person, is, recruited, to,

engage,in,prostitution,with,any,member,of,the,
military,or,law,enforcement,agencies;,,
6., When, the, offender, is, a, member, of, the,

military,or,law,enforcement,agencies;,and,,
7.,When,by,reason,or,on,occasion,of,the,act,of,
trafficking,in,persons,,the,offended,party,dies,,
becomes, insane,, suffers, mutilation, or, is,
afflicted,with,Human,Immunodeficiency,Virus,
(HIV), or, the, Acquired, Immune, Deficiency,
Syndrome,(AIDS).,
,
,

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TITLE VI CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS

Chapter(One( game, of, Jai, Alai, or, the, Special, Llave,

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 1

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fine, of, P6,000, shall, be, imposed, if, the, an,illegal,numbers,game,operation,,or,allows,

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appropriate, lotteries,, cockfighting, and, horseMracing., In,

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documentary,, necessary, for, the, investigation, Facts:(

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Persons(liable;(Penalty( Sports, Associations, concerned, and/or, to, any,

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b.! No,liability,if,there,is,no,betting,or,use, prescribes,, defines, and, apportions, a,

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cockfighting, during, cockfights., The, owner,, Against,the,said,complaint,the,accused,filed,a,

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Chapter(Two( 3.! The, highly, scandalous, conduct, is, not,

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and,it,will,not,be,surprising,if,the,persons,who, sensibilities?, And, obviously,, it, is, to, beg, the,

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speech., Said, statements, were, made, in, a, Defense,for,review.,The,decision,of,the,

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destruction, of, which, would, violate, not, only, The,CA,is,correct,in,stating,that,the,removal,of,

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Human(Trafficking(in(Persons( “Expanded+ AntiHTrafficking+ in+ Persons+ Act+ of+

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 20

Considered,a,human, Considered,a, 4.! Offer, or, contract, marriage,, real, or,

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 21

requirements, for, the, purpose, of, •! When,the,trafficked,person,is,a,child,

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 22

RA,9208,punishes,any,person,who,buys,or, Second& and& subsequent& offenses:, 1, year,

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 23

•! Gives, trafficked, persons, preferential, Under,Republic,Act,No.,10364,,the,elements,of,

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 24

Accused, is, further, guilty, of, qualified,

2., When, the, adoption, is, effected, through,

5., When, the, trafficked, person, is, recruited, to,

6., When, the, offender, is, a, member, of, the,

ABRIL | ARPON | IBAÑEZ 25

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