While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the

design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to enhance the prospects of
Canadian industrial development. long the preserve of the fur trade, the Canadian shield and the
western Cordilleras became a treasury of minerals, timber and hydroelectric power in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. As early as 1883, CPR [Canadian Pacific Rail- way] construction crews blasting
through the rugged terrain of northern ontario discovered copper and nickel deposits in the vicinity of
sudbury. As refining processes, uses, and markets for the metal developed, sudbury became the world’s
largest nickel producer. the building of the temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway led to the
discovery of rich silver deposits around Cobalt north of lake Nipissing in 1903 and touched off a mining
boom that spread northward to Kirkland lake and the Porcupine district. Although the economic
importance of these mining operations was enduring, they did not capture the public imagination to the
same extent as the Klondike gold rush of the late 1890s.

The author identifies sudbury as

a major industrial center for the production of nickel

16. Perhaps the most controversial use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings,
thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (most of those used by theatre scholars are
reproduced in margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) depicting scenes from
mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also
easy to misinterpret. some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a
surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of
theatrical practice. this is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of
masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were
known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists
without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in
number

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the author’s opinion about vase paintings?

evidence from written documents is older than evidence from vase paintings.

the sources for vase paintings are clear because of the images on them.

the details in vase paintings are not obvious because of their age.

there is disagreement among scholars regarding vase paintings.

18. One of the basic assumptions of modern linguistics is that speech is primary and writing is
secondary. The most immediate manifestation of language is speech and not writing. Writing is simply
the representation of speech in another physical medium. Spoken language encodes thought into a
physically transmittable form, while writing, in turn, encodes spoken language into a physically
preservable form. Writing is a three-stage process: thinking of an idea, expressing it in mental grammar,
and then transferring it to written form. All units of writing, whether letters or characters, are based on
units of speech, i.e., words, sounds, or syllables. When linguists study language, therefore, they take the
spoken language as their best source of data and their object of description except in instances of
languages like Latin for which there are no longer any speakers.

What is the main idea of paragraph?

Linguists do not usually study Latin.

Research on writing is much easier.

Studies always require several sources.

Researchers prefer speech samples

22. Fortune-seekers from all parts of the world flocked to the Klondike and Yukon River valleys to pan
for gold starting in 1896. At the height of the gold rush in 1898, the previously unsettled subarctic
frontier had a population of about 30,000, more than half of which was concentrated in the newly
established town of dawnson. In the same year, the federal government created the Yukon territory,
administered by an appointed commissioner, in an effort to ward off the prospect of annexation to
Alaska. even if the economic significance of the Klondike strike was somewhat exaggerated and short-
lived, the tales of sudden riches, heroic and tragic exploits, and the rowdiness and law- lessness of the
mining frontier were immortalized through popular fiction and folklore, notably the poetic verses of
Robert W. service.

How did the poetry by Robert service contribute to the development of Canada?

It made the Klondike gold rush famous.

It encouraged families to settle in the Klondike.

It captured the beauty of the western Klondike.

It prevented the Klondike’s annexation to Alaska.

24. Any new theory has to begin as conjecture, but the real question is, can string theory pass through
the developmental stages to a point where it can be verified or rejected. And, these developments could
be in the area of technology like Ellen suggests or perhaps they could be new methods of performing
calculations and, uh, deriving the mathematical predictions. What I’m going to suggest is that we take a
look at the website that supplements your textbook. There are videos as well as animations and it
includes a really good history of string theory, uh, but that’s not why I want you to see it. I think the site
demonstrates where we need to go from here if we’re going to pursue an ultimate theory, a . . . a theory
of everything, if you will. And it’s fairly objective so it should provide us with some interesting data for
both sides of the debate.

What is the passage mainly about?

Theory of light

Norman Rosenthal opinion

Seasonal affective disorder

To Analyze disorder

26. While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the
design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to enhance the prospects of
Canadian industrial development. long the preserve of the fur trade, the Canadian shield and the
western Cordilleras became a treasury of minerals, timber and hydroelectric power in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. As early as 1883, CPR [Canadian Pacific Rail- way] construction crews blasting
through the rugged terrain of northern Ontario discovered copper and nickel deposits in the vicinity of
sudbury. As refining processes, uses, and markets for the metal developed, sudbury became the world’s
largest nickel producer. the building of the temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway led to the
discovery of rich silver deposits around Cobalt north of lake Nipissing in 1903 and touched off a mining
boom that spread northward to Kirkland lake and the Porcupine district. Although the economic
importance of these mining operations was enduring, they did not capture the public imagination to the
same extent as the Klondike gold rush of the late 1890s.

Why does the author mention “the railroads”?

Because miners were traveling to camps in the West

Because mineral deposits were discovered when the railroads were built

Because the western frontier was being settled by families

Because traders used the railroads to transport their goods Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow

27. One of the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth century architecture
was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959). Wright moved to Chicago, where he eventually joined the firm
headed by Louis Sullivan. Wright set out to create “architecture of democracy.” Always a believer in
architecture as “natural” and “organic,” Wright saw it as serving free individuals who have the right to
move within a “free” space, envisioned as a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its natural
surroundings. He sought to develop an organic unity of planning, structure, materials, and site. Wright
identified the principle of continuity as fundamental to understanding his view of organic unity: “Classic
architecture was all fixation. . . . Now why not let walls, ceilings, floors become seen as component parts
of each other? . . . This ideal, profound in its architectural implications . . . I called . . . continuity.”

The main idea of this passage is

the design of Robie House

twentieth-century architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright’s work

residences of the Midwest

34. In the past several years, however, new archaeological finds along the Pacific coast of North and
south America have thrown this theory into question. The most spectacular find, at monte Verde in
southern Chile, produced striking evidence of tool making, house building, rock painting, and human
foot- prints conservatively dated long before the highway had been cleared of ice. Many archaeologists
now believe that migrants moved south in boats along a coastal route rather than overland. These
people were probably gatherers and fishers rather than hunters of big game.

Why does the author mention the settlement at monte Verde, Chile,?

the remains of boats suggest that people may have lived there.

Artifacts suggest that humans reached this area before the ice melted on land.

Bones and footprints from large animals confirm that the people were hunters.

the houses and tools excavated prove that the early humans were intelligent.

38. The ubiquitous bar code, developed more than twenty years ago, is not a stagnant product. On the
contrary, the technology has been improved so that it can be used more efficiently. Much less expensive
than a computer chip, the bar code can hold more information than it has in the past by adding a second
dimension to the structure.

The author’s main purpose is to describe

The current technology and newest innovation of bar codes.

problems with the bar code.

the UPC used in grocery stores.

why the barcode is no longer viable

40. The texts to classical Greek plays were written down soon after the performance and possibly even
before, though it is not always clear when or by whom. By 400 B.C.e., there was a flourishing book trade
in Greece, but the texts for plays were a challenge. Hellenistic scholars dedicated years to sorting out the
text and removing what they believed to be corruptions generally added by actors, but each time a text
was copied there were new possibilities for errors.

Scripts of plays may not be accurate because..

the sources cited are not well known

copies by hand may contain many errors

they are written in very old language

the printing is difficult to read

1. As you know from the textbook, mimicry isn’t limited to insects, but it’s most common among them,
and by mimicry I’m referring to the likeness between two insects that aren’t closely related but look very
much alike. The insects that engage in mimicry are usually very brightly colored. One of the insects, the
one that’s characterized by an unpleasant taste, a bad smell, a sting or bite, that insect is called the
model. The mimic looks like the model but doesn’t share the characteristic that protects the model from
predators. But, of course, the predators associate the color pattern or some other trait with the
unpleasant characteristic and leave both insects alone.

What is the passage mainly about?

An explanation of mimicry among species in the insect world

A comparison of the features of the viceroy and the monarch butterfly

A hypothesis to explain why similarity among species protects them all

A response to questions about the specimens displayed in the cases

2. Perhaps less romantic than the mining booms, the exploitation of forest and water resources was just
as vital to national development. the douglas fir, spruce, and cedar stands of British Columbia along with
the white pine forests of ontario satisfied construction demands on the treeless prairies as well as in the
growing cities and towns of central Canada and the United states. British Columbia’s forests also supplied
lumber to Asia. In addition, the softwood forest wealth of the Cordilleras and the shield was a valuable
source of pulpwood for the development of the pulp and paper industry, which made Canada one of the
world’s leading exporters of newsprint. Furthermore, the fast flowing rivers of the shield and Cordilleras
could readily be harnessed as sources of hydroelectric power, replacing coal in the booming factories of
central Canada as well as in the evolving mining and pulp and paper industries. the age of electricity
under public ownership and control was ushered in by the creation of the ontario Hydro-electric Power
Commission (now ontario Hydro) in 1906 to dis- tribute and eventually to produce this vital source of
energy.

The word Furthermore in the passage is closest in meaning to

Although

Because

therefore

moreover

3. Framing refers to the process whereby we organize reality - categorizing event in particular ways,
paying attention to some aspects rather than others, deciding what an experience or event means or
how it came about.The term is used to refer to how we interpret our everyday encounters with the world
around us. It is also used to refer to how a picture ‘frames’ a scene,and how a newspaper ‘frames’ a
story.

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

We select the kinds of experiences we want to have in live

We know how to interpret our experience

We must pay attention to our experience

We organize the way what to do

4. An English teacher always emphasizes on the teaching of grammar because she believes that
language components (competence) must be mastered prior to language skills (performance). His view is
in line with the concept of . . . theories of learning.

PragmatismCognitivismConstructivismBehaviouris

6. It is not enough to be able to speak and understand the language when you come to the U.S.A you
need to be able to interpret the messages contained within the sign and symbols. These signs and
symbols are shorthand representations on the culture’s abstract ideas and concepts. But how does one
interpret these signs and symbols of a culture? Is there a road map?

Which of the following best expresses the essential information?

Interpreting the meaning of the american signs and symbols is process similar learning to speak a
language

It is as important for visitors to understand American signs and symbols it is for the to speak and
understand the language

People visiting the united State may not be able to interpret the signs and the symbols as easily as the
speak and understand the language

A person arriving at the United State must not confuse the culture’s signs and the symbols have in his or
her own culture

7. The planet Earth has passed through four-stages of planetary development. All terrestrial planets
pass through these same stages to some degree, but some planets evolved further or were affected in
different waysWhat does the paragraph tell about?

To explain the stages in planetary development for the Earth in detail

To contrast the evolution of the Earth with that of other planets

To demonstrate that the Earth passed through similar stages to those of most planets

To give an example of exploration of the terrestrial planets

8. Dear Mr Landers,

I run `Snips' hairdressing shop above Mr Shah's chemist's shop at 24 High Street. I started the business
20 years ago and it is now very successful. My customers have to walk through the chemist's to the stairs
at the back which lead to the hairdresser's. This has never been a problem.Mr Shah plans to retire later
this year, and I have heard from a business acquaintance that you intend to rent the shop space to a
hamburger bar. I have thought about trying to rent it myself and make my shop bigger but I cannot
persuade anyone to lend me that much money. I don't know what to do. My customers come to the
hairdresser's to relax and the noise and smells of a burger bar will surely drive them away. Also, they
won't like having to walk through a hot, smelly burger bar to reach the stairs.

I have always paid my rent on time. You have told me in the past that you wish me to continue with my
business for as long as possible. I believe you own another empty shop in the High Street. Could the
burger bar not go there, where it would not affect other people's businesses?I hope you think carefully
about this.

What does the writer think about the burger bar?

It will make her lose money

It will not be successful

The High Street is not the place for it

Other shopkeepers will complain about it too.

9. The migration could have begun over a land bridge connecting the continents. during the last Ice Age
70,000 to 10,000 years ago, huge glaciers locked up massive volumes of water and sea levels were as
much as 300 feet lower than today. Asia and North America were joined by a huge subcontinent of ice-
free, treeless grassland, 750 miles wide. Geologists have named this area Beringia, from the Bering
straits. summers there were warm, winters were cold, dry and almost snow-free. this was a perfect
environment for large mammals—mammoth and mastodon, bison, horse, reindeer, camel, and saiga (a
goatlike antelope). small bands of stone Age hunter-gatherers were attracted by these animal
populations, which provided them not only with food but with hides for clothing and shelter, dung for
fuel, and bones for tools and weapons. Accompanied by a husky-like species of dog, hunting bands
gradually moved as far east as the Yukon River basin of northern Canada, where field excavations have
uncovered the fossilized jawbones of several dogs and bone tools estimated to be about 27,000 years
old.

The phrase Accompanied by in the passage is closest in meaning to

Found with

Joined by

threatened by

detoured with

10. The Asian migration hypothesis is today supported by most of the scientific evidence. the first
“hard” data linking American Indians with Asians appeared in the 1980s with the finding that Indians and
northeast Asians share a common and distinctive pattern in the arrangement of the teeth. But perhaps
the most compelling support for the hypothesis comes from genetic research. studies comparing the
dNA variation of populations around the world consistently demonstrate the close genetic relationship
of the two populations, and recently geneticists studying a virus sequestered in the kidneys of all
humans found that the strain of virus carried by Navajos and Japanese is nearly identical, while that
carried by europeans and Africans is quite different.

The word distinctive in the passage is closest in meaning to

new

simple
different

particular

11. While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the
design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to enhance the prospects of
Canadian industrial development. long the preserve of the fur trade, the Canadian shield and the
western Cordilleras became a treasury of minerals, timber and hydroelectric power in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. As early as 1883, CPR [Canadian Pacific Rail- way] construction crews blasting
through the rugged terrain of northern ontario discovered copper and nickel deposits in the vicinity of
sudbury. As refining processes, uses, and markets for the metal developed, sudbury became the world’s
largest nickel producer. the building of the temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway led to the
discovery of rich silver deposits around Cobalt north of lake Nipissing in 1903 and touched off a mining
boom that spread northward to Kirkland lake and the Porcupine district. Although the economic
importance of these mining operations was enduring, they did not capture the public imagination to the
same extent as the Klondike gold rush of the late 1890s.

The word enduring in the passage is closest in meaning to

disruptive

restored

identifiable

lasting

12. Perhaps the most controversial use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings,
thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (most of those used by theatre scholars are
reproduced in margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) depicting scenes from
mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also
easy to misinterpret. some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a
surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of
theatrical practice. this is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of
masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were
known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists
without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in
numberThe word controversial in the passage is closest in meaning to

accepted

debated

limited

complicated

13. The pain of a migraine headache can virtually disable a person who suffers from it. Millions and
millions of people suffer from migraines, although many of them do not even recognize that a migraine
is different from a regular headache. A migraine is not at all the same as a normal headache, and it
seems to have a very physical cause.

What does the paragraph tell about?

Imaging as a means of studying migraines

The migraines headaches are formed

New evidence of how migraines are different

New treatments for migraines

14. Any new theory has to begin as conjecture, but the real question is, can string theory pass through
the developmental stages to a point where it can be verified or rejected. And, these developments could
be in the area of technology like Ellen suggests or perhaps they could be new methods of performing
calculations and, uh, deriving the mathematical predictions. What I’m going to suggest is that we take a
look at the website that supplements your textbook. There are videos as well as animations and it
includes a really good history of string theory, uh, but that’s not why I want you to see it. I think the site
demonstrates where we need to go from here if we’re going to pursue an ultimate theory, a . . . a theory
of everything, if you will. And it’s fairly objective so it should provide us with some interesting data for
both sides of the debate.

What does the speaker talk mainly about?

The doubt of the new theory

The theory of everything

The development of theory

The history of string theory

15. There are many types of vacation you can take in the summer, but only a few in the winter. This is
because the weather limits the possibilities. However, with modern travel one can escape the inclement
weather and broaden one’s choice of winter vacation. Let’s look at the less will-known types of winter
vacation, and try to find a trend, the way the winter vacation is moving, both up here in the cold north as
well as down there in the southern warmth.

What is the main idea of the passage?

The way the weather affects vacation choices.

A discussion on how winter vacation choices are charging

How vacations in the north contrast with vacation in the south

Vacations and where people take them

17. Dear Mr Landers,

I run `Snips' hairdressing shop above Mr Shah's chemist's shop at 24 High Street. I started the business
20 years ago and it is now very successful. My customers have to walk through the chemist's to the stairs
at the back which lead to the hairdresser's. This has never been a problem.Mr Shah plans to retire later
this year, and I have heard from a business acquaintance that you intend to rent the shop space to a
hamburger bar. I have thought about trying to rent it myself and make my shop bigger but I cannot
persuade anyone to lend me that much money. I don't know what to do. My customers come to the
hairdresser's to relax and the noise and smells of a burger bar will surely drive them away. Also, they
won't like having to walk through a hot, smelly burger bar to reach the stairs.

I have always paid my rent on time. You have told me in the past that you wish me to continue with my
business for as long as possible. I believe you own another empty shop in the High Street. Could the
burger bar not go there, where it would not affect other people's businesses?I hope you think carefully
about this.

What is the writer's main aim in the letter?

to show why her business is successful

to explain why her customers are feeling unhappy

to avoid problems for her business

to complain about the chemist downstairs

19. Job trends for the future emphasize careers in sales and marketing. Most of the growth will come in
international sales, high technology, and electronic marketing. Research shows that overseas sales of
high tech equipment and technology will increase 20% in the next decade. The internet is the primary
source for advertising and marketing, to these overseas customers. At the same time, however,
successful marketers must find new avenues to increase consumer awareness of their products. As some
clients become inundated by information on the internet, and as others are still just learning to navigate
the Web, the marketers of the future will have to be inventive. More traditional sales skills, such as
bilingualism and an agreeable character, are still useful. Willingness to travel is also a plus.

What is the communicative purpose of this type of text?

To persuade the readers to do something

To entertain the readers with the information

To show the readers how to get something

To reveal the readers that something is the important case

20. Perhaps less romantic than the mining booms, the exploitation of forest and water resources was
just as vital to national development. the douglas fir, spruce, and cedar stands of British Columbia along
with the white pine forests of ontario satisfied construction demands on the treeless prairies as well as
in the growing cities and towns of central Canada and the United states. British Columbia’s forests also
supplied lumber to Asia. In addition, the softwood forest wealth of the Cordilleras and the shield was a
valuable source of pulpwood for the development of the pulp and paper industry, which made Canada
one of the world’s leading exporters of newsprint. Furthermore, the fast flowing rivers of the shield and
Cordilleras could readily be harnessed as sources of hydroelec- tric power, replacing coal in the booming
factories of central Canada as well as in the evolving mining and pulp and paper industries. the age of
electricity under public ownership and control was ushered in by the creation of the ontario Hydro-
electric Power Commission (now ontario Hydro) in 1906 to dis- tribute and eventually to produce this
vital source of energy.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the
passage? the other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.

New businesses and industries were created by the federal government to keep the prices of
manufactured goods low.

The lower price of manufacturing attracted many foreign businesses and new industries to the area.

Federal taxes on cheaper imported goods were responsible for protecting domestic industries and
supporting new businesses.

The federal tax laws made it difficult for manufacturers to sell their goods to foreign markets.
21. Scientists have experimented with a new procedure for alleviating the damage caused by strokes.
Strokes are frequently caused by a blood clot lodging in the tree of arteries in the head, choking the flow
of blood. Some brain cells die as a direct result of the stroke, but others also die over several hours
because the proteins spilling out of the first cells that die trigger a chemical chain reaction that kills the
neighboring cells.

What is the passage mainly about?

Causes and effects of strokes

New pharmaceutical methods for reducing stroke damage that are being researched

A new method of cooling the body to reduce stroke damage that is being researched

The dangers of cooling the body

23. Hepatitis C is an illness, unknown until recently, that has been discovered in many individuals. It has
been called an epidemic, yet unlike most illnesses with that designation, it is not easily transmitted. It is
accurately referred to as epidemic in that so many people have been discovered with the illness, but it is
different in that these people have actually carried the virus for many years. It is only transmitted by
direct blood-to-blood contact; casual contact and even sexual contact are not believed to transmit the
illness. Hepatitis means an inflammation or infection of the liver. Hepatitis C is generally chronic, as
opposed to acute. This means that it continues to affect the patient and is not known to have a sudden
onset or recovery.

The passage tells about…

physicians have been treating patients for hepatitis C for over 20 years.

other forms of hepatitis were known before the hepatitis

C strain was discovered. C. hepatitis C is generally seen as an acute illness.

hepatitis C is easily transmitted through any type of contact.

25. Sometimes people worry about the germs that they come into contact with daily. In fact, most
people would be surprised to learn just how many microbes actually inhabit a human’s body at any given
time, in addition to the larger visitors that come around occasionally. Such natural species that regularly
come into contact with our bodies include mites, lice, yeast, and fungus, just to name a few. We are, in
fact, an ecosystem much like a rain forest is to the natural flora and fauna that call it home.

The author’s main point is...

to describe the dangerous ailments that can result from insects and microbes.

to describe how the human body is host to a number of different harmful and harmless inhabitants and
visitors.

to warn people about the dangers of being attacked by small life forms.

to describe how to rid oneself of bacteria and insects.

28. According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the Sun hurl streams
of solar particles into space and eventually into the atmosphere of our planet, causing shifts in the
weather on the Earth and interference with radio and television communications. A typical sunspot
consists of a dark central umbra, a word derived from the Latin word for

What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

To describe the nature of sunspots

To propose a model for cycles in the solar year

To compare the umbra and the penumbra in sunspots

To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots

29. The migration could have begun over a land bridge connecting the continents. during the last Ice
Age 70,000 to 10,000 years ago, huge glaciers locked up massive volumes of water and sea levels were as
much as 300 feet lower than today. Asia and North America were joined by a huge subcontinent of ice-
free, treeless grassland, 750 miles wide. Geologists have named this area Beringia, from the Bering
straits. summers there were warm, winters were cold, dry and almost snow-free. this was a perfect
environment for large mammals—mammoth and mastodon, bison, horse, reindeer, camel, and saiga (a
goatlike antelope). small bands of stone Age hunter-gatherers were attracted by these animal
populations, which provided them not only with food but with hides for clothing and shelter, dung for
fuel, and bones for tools and weapons. Accompanied by a husky-like species of dog, hunting bands
gradually moved as far east as the Yukon River basin of northern Canada, where field excavations have
uncovered the fossilized jawbones of several dogs and bone tools estimated to be about 27,000 years
old.

Why did stone Age tribes begin to migrate into Beringia?

to intermarry with tribes living there

to trade with tribes that made tools

to hunt for animals in the area

to capture domesticated dogs

30. An instructional objective which states Students are able to write a narrative text using accurate
structures and punctuations with analyzing narrative texts as the learning experience leads an English
teacher to determine the following learning material.

examples of simplified short storiesexamples of the linguistic realization of a narrativeexamples of kinds

of written textsexamples of interpersonal expressions

31. Person of sixty five years old and over already represent 13 percent of the total population of
America, and by 2025 there will be 59 percent of elderly American, representing the population in this
country. Furthermore, the percentage of population over the age of eighty five will increase from about
1 percent to 5 percent in 2050. This population trend has been referred to as the graying of America. To
explain this demographic change, we must look to three factors. Fertility, mortality and immigration in
large part influence all demographic trends. The large number of children born after World War II will
increase the pool of elderly between 2010 and 2030. The "baby boom. will become the "senior boom.
sixty — five years later. Although the birth rate is the most dramatic factor, the decline in the death rate
is also significant.

Medical advances have influenced life expectancy. For example, whereas only 40 percent of those
Americans bom in 1990 had a life expectancy of sixty-five, today 80 percent are expected to reach the
classic retirement age. In addition, immigration has contributed to the increasing number of elderly.
After World War I, a massive immigration of young adults of child-bearing age occurred. Because the
birth rates among this specialized population were very high, their children, now among elderly, are a
significant segment of the older population.

Which of the following is part of a reply to the letter?

Thank you for your letter. I am sorry your shop had to close down because of a lack of business.

Thank you for your letter. I understand your problem. I will ask them to look at the other shop but I can
make no promises at the moment.

Thank you for your letter asking me to rent the ground floor shop to you. I will think about it and let you
know.

Thank you for your letter. I am sorry that I am not able to lend you the money you ask for.

32. Fortune-seekers from all parts of the world flocked to the Klondike and Yukon River valleys to pan
for gold starting in 1896. At the height of the gold rush in 1898, the previously unsettled subarctic
frontier had a population of about 30,000, more than half of which was concentrated in the newly
established town of dawnson. In the same year, the federal government created the Yukon territory,
administered by an appointed commissioner, in an effort to ward off the prospect of annexation to
Alaska. even if the economic significance of the Klondike strike was somewhat exaggerated and short-
lived, the tales of sudden riches, heroic and tragic exploits, and the rowdiness and law- lessness of the
mining frontier were immortalized through popular fiction and folklore, notably the poetic verses of
Robert W. service.

According to passage , why was the Yukon territory created?

to encourage people to settle the region

to prevent Alaska from acquiring it

to establish law and order in the area

to legalize the mining claims

33. Why is the writer worried about her customers?

They do not like eating burgers.They may not be allowed to use the stairsC. The smells will not be
pleasant.D. The hairdresser's will get too crowded.

35. Perhaps less romantic than the mining booms, the exploitation of forest and water resources was
just as vital to national development. the douglas fir, spruce, and cedar stands of British Columbia along
with the white pine forests of ontario satisfied construction demands on the treeless prairies as well as
in the growing cities and towns of central Canada and the United states. British Columbia’s forests also
supplied lumber to Asia. In addition, the softwood forest wealth of the Cordilleras and the shield was a
valuable source of pulpwood for the development of the pulp and paper industry, which made Canada
one of the world’s leading exporters of newsprint. Furthermore, the fast flowing rivers of the shield and
Cordilleras could readily be harnessed as sources of hydroelec- tric power, replacing coal in the booming
factories of central Canada as well as in the evolving mining and pulp and paper industries. the age of
electricity under public ownership and control was ushered in by the creation of the ontario Hydro-
electric Power Commission (now ontario Hydro) in 1906 to dis- tribute and eventually to produce this
vital source of energy.

According to passage, the forest industry supported the development of Canada in all of the following
ways except

by supplying wood for the construction of homes and buildings

by clearing the land for expanded agricultural uses

by producing the power for the hydroelectric plants

by exporting wood and newsprint to foreign markets

36. Physical similarities are now joined by economic congruities. China’s economic base is coming to
rely on manufacturing and other industry. The country is quickly catching up with the United States in
this area, with approximately US$2.7 trillion gross domestic product (GDP) in 2006, as compared to the
American $13 trillion GDP. Like US goverment, China’s government depends heavily on deficit spending:
The US public debt is currently about 60 percent of the American GDP, and China’s has reached just over
20 percent of the Chinese GDP. However, annual inflation of consumer prices is below 3 percent in both
countries.

Which of the following best expresses the paragraph above?

China’s export dependency has weakened its ability to develop a strong domestic market.

China need to attract more foreign investors before it can achieve the U.S’s economic strength

Whether China’s economy continues to grow will depend great deal on its ability to increase exports

China’s economy is too reliant on outside economic forces, and it can’t enjoy the strength of the U.S.
economy until it improves domestically

37. Person of sixty five years old and over already represent 13 percent of the total population of
America, and by 2025 there will be 59 percent of elderly American, representing the population in this
country. Furthermore, the percentage of population over the age of eighty five will increase from about
1 percent to 5 percent in 2050. This population trend has been referred to as the graying of America. To
explain this demographic change, we must look to three factors. Fertility, mortality and immigration in
large part influence all demographic trends. The large number of children born after World War II will
increase the pool of elderly between 2010 and 2030. The "baby boom. will become the "senior boom.
sixty — five years later. Although the birth rate is the most dramatic factor, the decline in the death rate
is also significant.

Medical advances have influenced life expectancy. For example, whereas only 40 percent of those
Americans bom in 1990 had a life expectancy of sixty-five, today 80 percent are expected to reach the
classic retirement age. In addition, immigration has contributed to the increasing number of elderly.
After World War I, a massive immigration of young adults of child-bearing age occurred. Because the
birth rates among this specialized population were very high, their children, now among elderly, are a
significant segment of the older population.The word "advances” in paragraph 2 has a synonym in
meaning to …

increase
development

contribution

expectance

39. Perhaps the most controversial use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings,
thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (most of those used by theatre scholars are
reproduced in margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) depicting scenes from
mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also
easy to misinterpret. some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a
surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of
theatrical practice. this is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of
masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were
known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists
without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in
number

The author explains that all vases with paintings of masks or musicians may not be evidence of theatrical
subjects by

arguing that the subjects could have been used by artists without reference to a drama

identifying some of the vases as reproductions that were painted years after the originals

casting doubt on the qualifications of the scholars who produced the vases as evidence

pointing out that there are very few vases that have survived from the time of early dramas

41. Dear Mr Landers,

I run `Snips' hairdressing shop above Mr Shah's chemist's shop at 24 High Street. I started the business
20 years ago and it is now very successful. My customers have to walk through the chemist's to the stairs
at the back which lead to the hairdresser's. This has never been a problem.Mr Shah plans to retire later
this year, and I have heard from a business acquaintance that you intend to rent the shop space to a
hamburger bar. I have thought about trying to rent it myself and make my shop bigger but I cannot
persuade anyone to lend me that much money. I don't know what to do. My customers come to the
hairdresser's to relax and the noise and smells of a burger bar will surely drive them away. Also, they
won't like having to walk through a hot, smelly burger bar to reach the stairs.

I have always paid my rent on time. You have told me in the past that you wish me to continue with my
business for as long as possible. I believe you own another empty shop in the High Street. Could the
burger bar not go there, where it would not affect other people's businesses?I hope you think carefully
about this.

Who was the letter sent to?

the writer's landlord

the writer's bank manager

the owner of the burger bar

the owner of the hamburger bar

42. The epic poem Beowulf, written in Old English, is the earliest existing Germanic epic and one of four
surviving Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. Although Beowulfwas written by an anonymous englishman in Old
english, the tale takes place in that part of Scandinavia from which Germanic tribes emigrated to
england. Beowulf comes from Geatland, the southeastern part of what is now Sweden. Hrothgar, king of
the danes, lives near what is now leire, on Zealand, denmark’s largest island. The Beowulfepic contains
three major tales about Beowulf and several minor tales that reflect a rich Germanic oral tradition of
myths, legends, and folklore.The main idea the paragraph above is?

It is the only manuscript from the Anglo-Saxon period.

The original story was written in a German dialect.

The author did not sign his name to the poem.

It is one of several epics from the first century.

43. Fortune-seekers from all parts of the world flocked to the Klondike and Yukon River valleys to pan
for gold starting in 1896. At the height of the gold rush in 1898, the previously unsettled subarctic
frontier had a population of about 30,000, more than half of which was concentrated in the newly
established town of dawnson. In the same year, the federal government created the Yukon territory,
administered by an appointed commissioner, in an effort to ward off the prospect of annexation to
Alaska. even if the economic significance of the Klondike strike was somewhat exaggerated and short-
lived, the tales of sudden riches, heroic and tragic exploits, and the rowdiness and law- lessness of the
mining frontier were immortalized through popular fiction and folklore, notably the poetic verses of
Robert W. service.

The word previously in the passage is closest in meaning to

frequently

suddenly

routinely

formerly