A

Micro Project Report

on
Bio-Medical Waste

Submitted by
Sunayana K. Guthale Roll No.09
Janhavi N. Sanap Roll No.22
Kunal A. Deore Roll no.23
Abhishek V. Doltade Roll No.25

Under the Guidance of

Prof.D.G.Wadnere

In the Partial Fulfilment of Fifth Semester of Diploma in

Computer Engineering

Department of Computer Engineering

Sandip Polytechnic
Mahiravani, Nashik - 422213

Affiliated to

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Academic Year 2019-20

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Certificate

This is to certify that Ms. Sunayana Karbhari Guthale with Roll No-09. has successfully completed Micro-
project in course Environmental Studies (22447) for the academic year 2019-20 as prescribed in the
'Assessment Manual' during his/her tenure of completing Fifth Semester of Diploma Programme in
Computer Engineering from institute, Sandip Polytechnic with institute code 1167.

Place: Nashik Enrollment No: 1711670123

Date: / / Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Certificate

This is to certify that Ms. Janhavi Nandu Sanap with Roll No-22. has successfully completed Micro- project
in course Environmental Studies (22447) for the academic year 2019-20 as prescribed in the 'Assessment
Manual' during his/her tenure of completing Fifth Semester of Diploma Programme in Computer
Engineering from institute, Sandip Polytechnic with institute code 1167.

Place: Nashik Enrollment No: 1711670149

Date: / / Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education
Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Kunal Ashok Deore with Roll No-23. has successfully completed Micro- project
in course Environmental Studies (22447) for the academic year 2019-20 as prescribed in the 'Assessment
Manual' during his/her tenure of completing Fifth Semester of Diploma Programme in Computer
Engineering from institute, Sandip Polytechnic with institute code 1167.

Place: Nashik Enrollment No: 1711670151

Date: / / Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education
Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Abhishek Vitthal Doltade with Roll No-25. has successfully completed Micro-
project in course Environmental Studies (22447) for the academic year 2019-20 as prescribed in the
'Assessment Manual' during his/her tenure of completing Fifth Semester of Diploma Programme in
Computer Engineering from institute, Sandip Polytechnic with institute code 1167.

Place: Nashik Enrollment No: 1711670154

Date: / / Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

 Annexure – I

Micro Project Proposal

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

To educate awareness among the various Medical Establishments producing Bio-Medical Waste
regarding the hazardous effects of Bio-Medical Waste and necessity of compliance of Bio-Medical
Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998.To promote the improvement of Public Health in
India. To create awareness among people associated with different local bodies and healthcare units
about the necessities and requirements for scientific segregation, storage, treatment and disposal of
Bio-Medical Waste. To Make available treatment & disposal of Bio-Medical Waste in Most scientific
manner at a reasonable cost & to comply all the rules of the Bio-Medical Waste Management &
Handling Rules,1998.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed:

1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3.Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
5. Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning.

3.0 Proposed Methodology:

The methodology followed for preparing the inventory is given below:
1. Listing of municipal bodies and their contact phone no. for all districts in Maharashtra.
2. Collection of information through circulation of questionnaire.
3. Field visits and interactions with concerned municipal authorities.
4. study of existing storage, collection, transportation, processing and disposal facilities of
municipal solid waste, as well as future plan for betterment of the management system.
5. Crosschecking with the information given by the individual municipalities in the MSW
Authorization application and Annual Reports.
6. Laboratory analysis of solid waste collected from different dumpsite.
7. Crosschecking the inventory regarding health care units with the records given by the
Regional Offices of the State Board.
8. Preparation of interim and final report.
4.0 Action Plan:

Planned
Sr Planned Name of Responsible
Details of Activity Finish
No Start Date Team Members
Date
1 Topic Discussion & Selection 1/7/19 8/7/19

2 Review of Literature 9/7/19 16/7/19

3 Aim/Benefits & Importance 19/7/19 26/7/19

4 Resources Required 2/8/19 6/8/19

9. Sunayana K. Guthale
5 Analysis of Collected Data 9/8/19 13/8/19 22. Janhavi N. Sanap
23.Kunal A. Deore
6 Design of System 16/8/19 26/8/19 25.Abhishek V. Doltade
12 Compilation of Report 27/8/19 6/9/19

13 Compilation of Presentation 9/9/19 17/9/19

14 Presentation of Seminar 20/9/19 27/9/19

15 Final Submission 1/10/19 7/10/19

5.0 Resources Required:

Sr Name of
Specification Qty. Remarks
No Resource/Material
Available
1 Hardware Resource Processor i3/HDD-1TB/RAM-8GB 1

2 Software Resource Microsoft Office 2010 1 Available

3 Any Other Resource Printer 1 Available

Name of Team Members with Roll Nos:

Roll No Name of Team Members

Sunayana K. Guthale
09
Janhavi N. Sanap
22
.Kunal A. Deore
23

25 Abhishek V. Doltade

Name & Signature of Course Teacher

(Prof. D.G.wadnere)
 Annexure – II

Micro Project Report

1.0 Introduction:
According to Bio-Medical Waste Rules of 1988, India- Bio-medical waste is defined as “any
waste which is generated during diagnosis, treatment of human beings and animals or any other
waste produced during production or testing of biologicals”.

In recent years, bio-medical waste treatment has mainly emerged as an important concern from
an environment point of view. But the bio-medical waste generated from hospitals depends on
various factors like availability of infrastructure and resources, types of health care units and
reusable items used in hospitals etc. However, the impact of bio-medical waste on the
environment, human beings, and flora fauna has raised concerns worldwide.

The main pollution that gets generated due to biomedical waste are air pollution, Indoor air
pollution, outdoor air pollution, water pollution, radioactive emissions and land pollution mainly.
So as the solution of all above problems there are some methods that hospitals can implement
based on the budget of their waste generation because it is not only the legal necessity but social
responsibility as well, so there is an urgent need for training to be given to the medical staff for
handling the biomedical waste, then only the problem of improper disposal of waste from big and
small hospitals will be solved. The need of an hour is to create a proper waste management system
in order to provide quality assurance in hospitals.

With rapid urbanization and ever increasing population growth there has been a substantial
increase in the generation of solid waste & contamination of air, water and land resources. The
solid wastes from different municipalities, not managed properly, have been creating problems
for human health and environment. Some of the solid wastes have been proved to be extremely
toxic and infectious. The uncontrolled dumping of such wastes have not only brought about
increasing number of incidents of health hazard but also causing the surface and ground water
contamination and thus posing serious environmental threat to the human being.

2.0 Rationale: (purpose of project)

1. Modern hospitals are complex, multidisciplinary systems which consist of different facets of
medical care as well as research facilities.

2. In the course of functioning of hospitals, there is a considerable amount of hospital wastes

generated.
3. There have been an expansion of both private and public sector hospitals in all countries and
hence, the importance of hospital waste management is increasing day by day.
4. There are various categories of wastes which are generated in hospitals. These are usually
discarded chemical or bio medical wastes which need to be disposed in proper ways.
5. Hospital wastes may consist of general wastes which are usually resultant from domestic or
housekeeping activities.
6. Kitchen wastes, packaging materials, waste paper are usually general wastes which are
generated in hospitals and clinics due to administrative or housekeeping activitie
7. Pathological wastes is another category of hospital wastes which consist of tissues, organs,
human fetuses, placenta, blood or other bodily fluids.
3.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project
i. Primarily, a proper medical waste disposal leads to a healthy atmosphere free from
microbes.
ii. Other than that, it reduces the risk of infection to staffs, visitors and other people.
iii. Medical waste is responsible for the unpleasant smell in and around hospitals. A good
medical waste management system removes the unpleasant sights and bad odors.
iv. As with a proper waste disposal, the risk of contamination of water and ground soil can
very well be reduced.
v. `It decreases the possibility of fleas and insect infestation in the area. Countless of animals
lose their life after eating the waste, polythene etc. The waste management programme
helps us save tons of life.
vi. We are an NGO working for the cause of Bio-Medical Waste Management & for the
service to Medical Fraternity.
vii. Collection done by Medical Waste Collectors.
viii. Fixed fees Competitive & Reasonable Rates.
ix. Training lectures at frequent intervals on Bio-Medical Waste handling and Segregation.
x. Management by Doctors of Indian Medical Association.

4.0 Course Outcomes Achieved:

1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3.Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
5. Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning.

5.0 Literature Review:

The paper Management of Biomedical waste in India and other Countries: A Review by B. Ramesh Babu,
A.K. Parande, R. Rajalakshmi, M.Volga and P.Suriyakala at Central electrochemical Research Institute,
Tamil Nadu, India highlights the effects of biomedical waste in an environmentsuch as causing air, land
and radioactive pollution. The paper highlights the importance of waste management with respect to both
India and world and how over the years it has gained importance because of its harmful effects on the
environment, human beings, animals, and flora & fauna. The paper discusses the quantity of waste
produced in India per day and the contribution of hospitals, clinics and other diagnosis centers in that total
waste.

The paper Need of Biomedical Waste management in Hospitals –An emerging issue-A Review by Praveen
Mathur, Sangita Patan, and Annand S. Shobhawat, Department of Environment Science, MDS University,
Ajmer. This paper talks about the impact of waste generated by the medical activities and their straight
way impact on mankind. The paper highlights that disposal of BMW waste or exposure to such waste
possess a serious threat to the environment and hence requires specific treatment or management before
disposal. Other than that, the paper deals with the problems relating to bio-medical waste and procedures
for handling and disposal method and also create awareness among health personnel regarding the
biomedical waste.
Bio-Medical Waste management in NEWS recently:
Infectious liquid waste is produced from every laboratory and hospital but only 40% of them has the proper
plan of disposal rest all the waste water goes into the municipal waste system without taking care of the
toxic gas that comes out from that hospital waste.

Record keeping of all the waste on the daily basis is very important as it keeps the estimation of all the
waste quantity from all the hospitals. Most of the incinerators are not operational because of operational
cost and if some hospitals are using it they are not using APC (air Pollution Control system). The waste
generated from it buried in any waste area near the hospital without following any rules and regulations

No proper training is given to the people who are handling these waste .Pre-treatment should be done,
separate septic tanks, soak away systems should be present at every hospital.

The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) has reduced the annual subscription charges from Rs 2,900 to Rs
2,100 In July 2014. (Source: TOI)

The main issue of reluctance for subscription is Cost and door-to-door service is crucial among many issues
that need to be addressed. While a large number of clinics/ hospitals have ignored the PMC's structure,
some have not even sought the essential authorization needed from the pollution control board for
generating biomedical waste, an MPCB official said.

The city's registered healthcare facilities generate around 2,800 kg to 3,000 kg bio-medical waste every
day.The city has around 6,000 general practitioners. "Currently, less than half the clinics have subscribed
to the facility. Only 2,162 clinics in the city have opted for the common biomedical waste treatment facility.
This means a majority of the clinics are disposing of the waste in an unscientific and hazardous manner.

The irony is that today, those who have signed up for the service are penalized if they do not pay for the
service, while those who never subscribed can go on disposing of the waste the way they like without any
consequences. The system and said instead of collecting the waste from the clinic, the doctors are asked to
ensure that the waste reaches the collection point at a particular time. "Neighborhood clinics do not have
many employees and it is not feasible for the doctor to rush out to dispose of the biomedical waste like
that.

The solution could be: instead of charging small clinics and nursing homes a fixed rate, the authorities
should charge them according to the amount of waste generated.

The calculation is made on the assumption that there is full occupancy throughout the year. But, unlike the
bigger hospitals who get patients throughout the year, the case is not the same with smaller hospitals and
nursing homes. The bigger hospitals generate a large amount of biomedical waste in the form of blood,
surgical residues, placenta etc. most of the waste at a clinic is swabs of cotton and a few syringes.
6.0 Actual Methodology Followed:

7.0 Actual Resources Used:

Sr Name of
Specification Qty. Remarks
No Resource/Material
1 Hardware Resource Processor i3/HDD-1TB/RAM-8GB 1 Available
2 Software Resource Microsoft Office 2010 1 Available
3 Any Other Resource Printer 1 Available
8.0 Outputs of Micro-Project:
PPT:
9.0 Skilled Developed/Learning Outcome of this Micro-Project:

a) Practical Outcomes:
• 1.Develop public awareness about environment.
• 2.Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
• 3.Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
• 4.Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
• 5.Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning.

b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive Domain:

• Elaborate article (48-A) and (54-A(g)).
• Enlist various acts on environment and its provision
• State the roles, Responsibilities of CPBA
• Define sustainable development of EIA
• Describe rain-water harvesting and ground water recharge
• Differentiate between formal and non-formal education

c) Outcomes in Affective Domain:

• Co-operation in group members.

• Awareness about environmental issues.
• Improved presentation skill

10.0 Application of this Micro-Project:

 The goals of biomedical waste treatment are to reduce or eliminate the waste's hazards,
and usually to make the waste unrecognizable.
 Treatment should render the waste safe for subsequent handling and disposal.
 Biomedical waste is often incinerated.
 An efficient incinerator will destroy pathogens and sharps.
 The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the environment and
the health of the population.
 Rubbish and waste can cause air and water pollution.
 Rotting garbage is also known to produce harmful gases that mix with the air and can
cause breathing problems in people.

Name & Signature of Course Teacher

(Prof. D.G.Wadnere)
 Annexure – IV

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:Sunayana Karnhari Guthale Enrollment No: 1711670123

Name of Programme: Computer Engineering Semester: V
Course Title: Environmental Studies Course Code: 22447

Learning Outcomes Achieved:

1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3.Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
5. Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning
Poor Average Good Excellent
Sr Sub
Characteristic to be Assessed Marks Marks Marks Marks
No Total
(1-3) (4-5) (6-8) (9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the Course
2 Literature Review/Information Collection
3 Completion of the Target as per Project Proposal
4 Analysis of Data & Representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) (B)
Total Marks
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comments/Suggestions about Teamwork/Leadership/Inter-personal Communication (if

any)
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………

Name & Designation of Course Teacher: Prof.D.G.Wadnere, Lecturer

Dated Signature:
 Annexure – IV

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:Janhavi Nandu Sanap Enrollment No: 1711670149

Name of Programme: Computer Engineering Semester: V
Course Title: Environmental Studies Course Code: 22447

Learning Outcomes Achieved:

1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3. Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
5. Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning.

Poor Average Good Excellent

Sr Sub
Characteristic to be Assessed Marks Marks Marks Marks
No Total
(1-3) (4-5) (6-8) (9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the Course
2 Literature Review/Information Collection
3 Completion of the Target as per Project Proposal
4 Analysis of Data & Representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) (B)
Total Marks
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comments/Suggestions about Teamwork/Leadership/Inter-personal Communication (if

any)
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………

Name & Designation of Course Teacher: Prof.D.G.Wadnere, Lecturer

Dated Signature:
 Annexure – IV

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: Kunal Ashok Deore Enrollment No: 1711670151
Name of Programme: Computer Engineering Semester: V
Course Title: Environmental Studies Course Code: 22447

Learning Outcomes Achieved:

1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3. Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
5. Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning

Poor Average Good Excellent

Sr Sub
Characteristic to be Assessed Marks Marks Marks Marks
No Total
(1-3) (4-5) (6-8) (9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the Course
2 Literature Review/Information Collection
3 Completion of the Target as per Project Proposal
4 Analysis of Data & Representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) (B)
Total Marks
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comments/Suggestions about Teamwork/Leadership/Inter-personal Communication (if

any)
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………

Name & Designation of Course Teacher: Prof.D.G.Wadnere, Lecturer

Dated Signature:
 Annexure – IV

Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student:Abhishek Vitthal Doltade Enrollment No: 1711670154
Name of Programme: Computer Engineering Semester: V
Course Title: Environmental Studies Course Code: 22447

Learning Outcomes Achieved:

1. Develop public awareness about environment.
2. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
3. Conserve Ecosystem & Biodiversity.
4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.
5. Manage Social issues & Environmental ethics as lifelong learning

Poor Average Good Excellent

Sr Sub
Characteristic to be Assessed Marks Marks Marks Marks
No Total
(1-3) (4-5) (6-8) (9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the Course
2 Literature Review/Information Collection
3 Completion of the Target as per Project Proposal
4 Analysis of Data & Representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) (B)
Total Marks
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comments/Suggestions about Teamwork/Leadership/Inter-personal Communication (if

any)
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………

Name & Designation of Course Teacher: Prof.D.G.Wadnere, Lecturer

Dated Signature: