REVIEWER b.

monomers are linked by β 1-

4 glycosidic bonds
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best c. humans can digest cellulose
answer. d. unbranched
1. Organic molecules consist mainly of e. found in plants
__________ atoms.
a. carbon 6. Which of the following does not
b. carbon and hydrogen belong to group?
c. carbon and oxygen a. Glycogen
d. carbon and nitrogen b. Glucose
e. carbon and phosphorus c. Starch
d. Steroid
2. Which of the following is NOT e. Sucrose
organic?
a. C36H72O36 7. Which of the following is a protein?
b. CH4 a. C36H72O36
c. CO2 b. CH4
d. C123H193N35O37 c. CO2
e. C18H34O2 d. C123H193N35O37
e. C18H34O2
3. The bond that connects the
monomers in a sugar polymer. 8. _____________ groups are the “acid”
a. phosphodiester bond part of amino acids and fatty acids.
b. hydrogen bond a. Hydroxyl (—OH)
c. peptide bond b. Methyl (—CH3)
d. disulfide bond c. Carboxyl (—COOH)
e. glycosidic bond d. Phosphate (—PO4)
e. Amino (—NH2)
4. Which three carbohydrates can be
built using only glucose monomers? 9. The bond that connects the
a. Starch, cellulose, and glycerol and fatty acids.
glycogen a. phosphodiester bond
b. Glucose, sucrose, and b. ester bond
ribose c. peptide bond
c. Cellulose, steroids, and d. disulfide bond
polysaccharides e. glycosidic bond
d. Starch, chitin, and DNA
e. Triglycerides, nucleic acids, 10. Which of the following is a non-
and polypeptides essential amino acid?
a. glutamic acid
5. Which of the ff. does NOT describe b. histidine
Cellulose? c. tryptophan
a. for structural support d. valine
e. lysine
11. The lipid shown in the figure must 15. A denatured protein has lost its
be a? __________.
a. hydrogen bonds
b. function
c. shape
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
a. triglyceride
b. phospholipid 16. ___________ are monomers that
c. steroid form polymers called ___________.
d. wax a. Nucleotides; nucleic acids
e. carbohydrate b. Amino acids; nucleic acids
c. Monoglycerides;
12. The lipid shown in the figure must triglycerides
be a? d. Carbohydrates;
monosaccharides
e. Proteins; peptides

17. ____________ consists of nucleotides.

a. Ribose
a. triglyceride b. DNA
b. phospholipid c. RNA
c. steroid d. a and b
d. wax e. b and c
e. carbohydrate
18. The structure below is a
13. The bond that connects the
monomers in a protein polymer
a. phosphodiester bond
b. hydrogen bond
c. peptide bond
d. disulfide bond
e. glycosidic bond

14. A polypeptide has 137 amino acid

in a sequence and has disulfide
bonds. Which level of organization
has it reached?
a. primary
a. lipid
b. secondary
b. protein
c. tertiary
c. carbohydrate
d. quaternary
d. nucleic acid
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
19. The empirical formula for
carbohydrates is
a. (CHO)2
b. (CH2O)n
c. 2(CHO)n
d. (C2HO)n
e. (CnHnOn)2
20. Which of the ff. does NOT describe
DNA?
a. contains genetic material
b. a type of nucleic acid
c. does not have uracil as a
nitrogenous base
d. is double stranded
e. has a ribose sugar in its
nucleotide
21. Which of the following does not
correctly match a carbohydrate
with its function?
a. Glycogen is the storage form of
energy in animals.
b. Starch is the storage form of
energy in plants.
c. Cellulose provides structural
support for human hair.
d. Chitin provides an exoskeleton
for insects.
e. none of the above
22. Nucleic acids are chains of 5-
carbon sugars linked by ____ bonds
with an organic base protruding
from each sugar.
a. phosphodiester bond
b. ester bond
c. peptide bond
d. disulfide bond
e. glycosidic bond
23. During the process of digestion, fats
are broken down when fatty acids
are detached from glycerol. In
addition, proteins are digested to
yield amino acids. What do these
two processes have in common?
a. They are catalyzed by the same
enzyme.
b. They involve the addition of a
water molecule to break bonds
(hydrolysis).
c. Both require the presence of
hydrochloric acid to lower the pH.
d. Each requires ATP as an energy
source.
e. none of the above
24. Which of the ff. does NOT describe
RNA?
a. Single stranded
b. Have thymine
c. Ribose sugar
d. involved in protein synthesis
e. three types
25. Which of the following occurs when
digestion of organic molecules
results in more energy-rich
molecules than are immediately
required by the animal?
a. The excess is eliminated.
b. The excess is stored as starch.
c. The excess is stored as glycogen.
d. The excess is oxidized.
e. The excess is hydrolyzed.
26. Which of the following nitrogenous
bases is not found in DNA?
a. adenine
b. guanine
c. uracil
d. cytosine
e. thymine
27. Which of the following generally For questions 31 – 33, please refer to
characterizes lipids? the structures below:
a. polar
b. hydrophilic I II
c. Not polymers
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C

28. Two amino acids can be linked by

a dehydration synthesis between
their _______ and _______ functional
groups.
a. amino and carboxyl group
b. hydroxyl and carbonyl group III IV
c. amino and R group
d. carboxyl group and hydrogen
e. none of the above

29. Which of the statements below is

true for anabolic processes?
a. They do not depend on
enzymes.
b. They are usually highly
spontaneous chemical reactions.
c. They consume energy to build 31. Which of the amino acid structures
up polymers from monomers. above is/are
d. They release energy as they hydrophobic/nonpolar?
degrade polymers to monomers. a. I
e. All the above b. II
c. III
30. Which term most precisely d. IV
describes the cellular process of e. III and IV
breaking down large molecules
into smaller ones? 32. Which of the amino acid structures
a. catalysis above is/are charged?
b. metabolism a. I and II
c. anabolism b. II and IV
d. dehydration c. III
e. catabolism d. III and IV
e. none of the above

33. If a cell is to synthesize a protein

bound to function within its cell
membrane, which of the following
 amino acids will participate in the
reactions so that only hydrophobic
groups are exposed?
a. 1 and II
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. II, III and IV
e. all of the above
34. A lipid that has two fatty acid
chains in a molecule, a hydrophilic
“head,” and is said to comprise
majority of the cell membrane
a. phospholipids
b. triglycerides
c. neutral lipids
d. waxes
e. steroids
35. Which type of interaction stabilizes
the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β)
pleated sheet structures of
proteins?
a. hydrophobic interactions
b. nonpolar covalent bonds
c. ionic bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
e. peptide bonds
36. The R group or side chain of the
amino acid serine is —CH2—OH.
The R group or side chain of the
amino acid alanine is —CH3. Where
would you expect to find these
amino acids in a globular protein in
aqueous solution?
a. Serine would be in the interior,
and alanine would be on the
exterior of the globular protein.
b. Alanine would be in the interior,
and serine would be on the exterior
of the globular protein.
c. Both serine and alanine would
be in the interior of the globular
protein.
d. Both serine and alanine would
be on the exterior of the globular
protein.
e. Both serine and alanine would
be in the interior and on the exterior
of the globular protein.
37. In the double helix structure of
nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen
bonds to
a. deoxyribose.
b. ribose.
c. adenine.
d. thymine.
e. guanine.
38. What is the structural feature
involved in the binding of the DNA
double strand?
a. sugar-phosphate backbone
b. complementary pairing of the
nitrogenous bases
c. disulfide bonding (bridging) of
the two helixes
d. twisting of the molecule to form
an α helix
e. none of the above
39. Oils obtained from plants in
temperate climates are known to
be healthier than those from
tropical countries because ____.
a. They contain a healthy mix of
saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids
b. They are devoid of covalent
bonds in their structure
c. They contain larger proportion of
unsaturated fatty acids making
them stay liquid even at lower
temperatures
 d. They contain only unsaturated b. degrades molecules and
fatty acids organelles and maintains water
e. They contain only triglycerides pressure.
with FA’s esterified to long chain c. produces mRNA.
alcohols d. stores genetic information.
e. produces energy from food.
40. Which microscope would allow you
to view the details of the external 44. A cytoskeleton is
surface of a bacterium (≈1μm)? a. a structure that aids in the
a. Compound microscope process of cell division.
b. Scanning electron b. found in the cytoplasm of
microscope eukaryotic cells.
c. Transmission electron c. a system of tracks used for
microscope transport.
d. Both A and B d. composed of microtubules and
e. Both B and C microfilaments.
e. All answers are correct.
41. Which of the following statements is
false? 45. Which of the following is NOT found
a. Ribosomes are found in in both prokaryotes and
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
eukaryotes a. cytoplasm
b. Two of the three domains b. nucleus
contain prokaryotic c. ribosome
organisms d. cell membrane
c. Prokaryotic organisms have e. cytosol
a nuclear membrane
d. Plant cells have cell walls 46. Which of the following is not a
e. Rough ER are studded with eukaryote?
ribosomes a. human
b. mango tree
42. Which of the following roles is not c. insect
performed by the rough d. bacteria
endoplasmic reticulum nor the e. mushroom
smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a. protein production 47. Which of the following is NOT a
b. lipid production feature found in all cells?
c. detoxification of poisons a. Proteins
d. DNA production b. Cell wall
e. vesicle formation for transport to c. Ribosomes
the Golgi apparatus d. Cell membrane
e. DNA
43. In plant cells, a central vacuole
a. produces protein.
48. What chemical property of a. It is a Prokaryotic cell
phospholipids is key to the b. It is a Eukaryotic cell
formation of the cell membrane? c. Motile
a. The positively charged d. Both A and C
nitrogen atom e. Both B and C
b. The covalent bond
between the phosphate 53. As a resident doctor, you are
and the glycerol tasked to examine the nerve cells
c. The kink in the fatty acid tail of a patient. You have observed
d. The hydrophilic head and that a nerve cell has an abnormal
hydrophobic tails shape. Most likely the cell has a
defective __________.
49. Which of the following do plants a. Cell wall
use to transport nutrients between b. Cytoplasm
adjacent cells? c. Cytoskeleton
a. tight junction d. Nucleus
b. gap junction e. Ribosome
c. plasmodesmata
d. anchoring junction 54. Which of the following organelles
e. cell wall would help you differentiate
between plant and animal cells?
50. All of the following are found in cell a. a nucleus
membranes, except___________. b. a ribosome
a. nucleic acids c. a cell membrane
b. phospholipids d. a peroxisome
c. glycoproteins e. a chloroplast
d. glycolipids
e. steroids 55. What type of cellular junction
prevents stomach acid from
51. Eukaryotic cells leaking into the abdomen and
a. have cell walls with digesting internal organs?
peptidoglycan. a. Plasmodesma junction
b. are usually smaller than b. Anchoring junction
prokaryotic cells. c. Gap junction
c. have nucleiods. d. Tight junction
d. have membrane-bound e. Both C and D
organelles.
e. do not usually have a nucleus. 56. Cyanide binds to at least one
molecule involved in producing
52. “A cell having 3 flagella and ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide,
various membrane bound most of the cyanide will be found
organelles.” Which of the following within the _________.
statements is/are true about this a. mitochondria
cell? b. ribosomes
 c. peroxisomes
d. lysosomes
e. vacuoles
57. The smooth ER is especially
abundant in cells that synthesize
extensive amounts of
a. toxins
b. proteins
c. enzymes
d. lipids
e. nucleic acids
58. The Golgi apparatus is involved in
a. transporting proteins that are to
be released from the cell
b. packaging proteins into vesicles
c. altering or modifying proteins
d. producing lysosomes
e. all of the above
59. You are working on a forensics
team and collect cells from a crime
scene. The cells have a cell wall
made of cellulose. This sample most
likely came from
a. an animal.
b. a bacterium.
c. a plant.
d. a fungus.
e. an archaean.
60. The differences among the three
categories of cytoskeletal elements
would suggest that each of the
following has specialized roles.
Which of the following is a correct
match?
a. microfilaments and the nuclear
lamina
b. microtubules and cleavage
furrow formation
c. microfilaments and ciliary motion
d. intermediate filaments and
cytoplasmic streaming
e. microtubules and chromosome
movement
61. Proteins synthesized by the rough ER
are
a. for internal storage
b. to build more membranes in the
cell
c. to digest food in lysosomes
d. for internal regulation
e. exported from the cell
62. Which cell would be best for
studying lysosomes?
a. muscle cell
b. nerve cell
c. phagocytic white blood cell
d. bacterial cell
e. red blood cell
63. Which of the following organelles
are associated with the job of
cellular digestion?
a. Lysosomes and peroxisomes
b. Golgi apparatus and
vesicles
c. Nucleus and nucleolus
d. Smooth and rough
endoplasmic reticulum
e. Chloroplast and
mitochondria
64. Which of the following is the correct
pathway of milk production?
a. DNA→mRNA→ ribosome →
RER → SER→ vesicles→
lysosomes →vesicles→ cell
membrane → milk ducts
b. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→R
ER→SER→vesicles→ GA →
vesicles → milk ducts → cell
membrane
 c. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→SE
R→RER→vesicles→ GA →
vesicles→cell membrane→
milk ducts
d. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→R
ER→ SER→ vesicles→ GA →
vesicles→ cell membrane→
milk ducts
e. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→R
ER→SER→vesicles→ GA →
vesicles → milk ducts → cell
wall
65. Building proteins __________ energy;
ATP hydrolysis _________ energy.
a. releases; releases
b. requires; requires
c. releases; requires
d. requires; releases
e. produces; consumes
66. How does ATP participate in
coupled reactions?
a. Synthesis of ATP fuels
endergonic reactions
b. Hydrolysis of ATP fuels
endergonic reactions
c. Breakdown of ADP fuels
exergonic reactions
d. Hydrolysis of ADP fuels
exergonic reactions
e. Synthesis of ADP fuels
exergonic reactions
67. How does an enzyme affect the
energy of a reaction?
a. The activation energy is
lowered
b. The net energy released is
lowered
c. The energy of the reactants
is raised
d. The energy of the products
is raised
e. The activation energy is
raised
68. Photosynthesis is an example of
a/an ______ reaction.
a. Catabolic
b. Anabolic
c. Endergonic
d. B and C
e. A and C
69. Carbohydrate digestion is an
example of a/an ______ reaction.
a. Catabolic
b. Anabolic
c. Exergonic
d. B and C
e. A and C
70. Which of the following statements is
incorrect about the Plasma
membrane?
a. It is a fluid mosaic of lipids,
proteins and carbohydrate
b. It is amphipathic because it
contains both hydrophilic
heads and hydrophobic
tails
c. It is the boundary, which
separates the living cell
from their non-living
surroundings
d. Contains -three layers of
phospholipids
e. Many molecules cross the
cell membrane by passive
or active transport
71. __________ cannot easily diffuse
across a lipid bilayer.
a. Water
b. Ions
c. Gases
d. large molecules
 e. b and d
72. Glucose typically enters the cell
through which mechanism?
a. Facilitated diffusion through
a carrier protein
b. Active transport by a
glucose transport protein
c. Simple diffusion through the
cell membrane
d. Pinocytosis through a
channel protein
e. Endocytosis through a
vesicle
73. Which statement represents a
notable difference between simple
diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
a. Unlike simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion requires
energy in the form of ATP
b. Unlike simple diffusion, the
rate of facilitated diffusion is
limited by the number of
transport proteins in the
membrane
c. Unlike simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion can
occur in any type of cell
d. Unlike simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion can
transport ligands against a
concentration gradient
e. None of the above
74. A transport protein requires ATP to
pump sodium ions across a
membrane. This is a case of
_________.
a. passive transport
b. facilitated diffusion
c. active transport
d. a and c
e. b and c
75. Immerse a human red blood cell in
a hypotonic solution, and water
___________.
a. diffuses into the cell
b. shows no net movement
c. diffuses out of the cell
d. moves in by endocytosis
e. moves out by exocytosis
76. Vesicles are part of _______________.
a. endocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
77. Imagine that you place a drop of
red food coloring in a glass of
water. At first, the red molecules
remain concentrated where you
placed the drop, but the color
eventually spreads throughout the
water. This example illustrates
__________
a. hydrolysis
b. decreasing entropy
c. osmosis
d. diffusion
e. synthesis
78. Which of the following does not
belong to the group?
a. Endocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Osmosis
d. Pinocytosis
e. Exocytosis
79. An amoeba engulfing a
paramecium is an example
of_____________.
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
 d. Phagocytosis
e. Diffusion
80. ______: cell drinking while ________:
cell eating
a. Pinocytosis; Exocytosis
b. Phagocytosis; Pinocytosis
c. Pinocytosis; Phagocytosis
d. Endocytosis; Exocytosis
e. Active transport; Passive
transport
81. How does ATP relate to membrane
transport?
a. The movement of a
substance down its
concentration gradient
through transport proteins
requires the hydrolysis of ATP
b. The higher the
concentration of ATP in the
cell, the more permeable
the membrane is to water
and small, nonpolar
molecules
c. A cell uses the energy in ATP
to transport substances
against their concentration
gradient
d. Digestion produces a high
concentration of ATP
outside the cell, and the
ATP enters the cell via
facilitated diffusion
e. a and b
82. In any ecosystem, terrestrial or
aquatic, what group(s) is (are)
always necessary?
a. autotrophs and
heterotrophs
b. producers and primary
consumers
c. predators
d. autotrophs
e. green plants
83. In plants and other photosynthetic
eukaryotes, the light dependent
reactions proceed in/at the
____________.
a. thylakoid membrane
b. stroma
c. plasma membrane
d. cytoplasm
e. mitochondria
84. In the thylakoid membranes, what is
the main role of the antenna
pigment molecules?
a. split water and release
oxygen to the reaction-
center chlorophyll
b. harvest photons and
transfer light energy to the
reaction-center chlorophyll
c. synthesize ATP from ADP
and Pi
d. transfer electrons to
ferredoxin and then NADPH
e. concentrate photons within
the stroma
85. The reaction-center chlorophyll of
photosystem I is known as P700
because
a. there are 700 chlorophyll
molecules in the center
b. this pigment is best at
absorbing light with a
wavelength of 700 nm
c. there are 700 photosystem I
components to each
chloroplast
d. it absorbs 700 photons per
microsecond
 e. the plastoquinone reflects
light with a wavelength of
700 nm
86. What accumulates inside the
thylakoid compartment of
chloroplasts during the light-
dependent reactions?
a. Sugars
b. O2
c. hydrogen ions
d. CO2
e. Water
87. The oxygen released during
photosynthesis comes from the
___________.
a. Splitting of water molecules
b. Splitting of carbon dioxide
molecules
c. Formation of ATP
d. Formation of glucose
e. Combination of oxygen
atoms and high-energy
electrons
88. Light-independent reactions in
plants proceed in/at ____________
the of chloroplasts.
a. thylakoid membrane
b. stroma
c. plasma membrane
d. cytoplasm
e. nucleus
89. In the light-dependent reactions,
_______________.
a. Carbon dioxide is fixed
b. ATP and NADPH form
c. Carbon dioxide accepts
electrons
d. Sugar phosphates form
e. Oxygen is fixed
90. ATP: __________ whereas, NADPH:
___________
a. Electron source; energy
source
b. Water source; electron
source
c. Food source; energy source
d. Light source; proton source
e. Energy source; electron
source
91. Which of the following sequences
correctly represents the flow of
electrons during photosynthesis
(from light reactions to carbon
reactions)?
a. NADPH → O2 → CO2
b. H2O → NADPH → Calvin
cycle
c. H2O → photosystem I →
photosystem II
d. NADPH → electron transport
chain → O2
92. What is the primary function of the
Calvin cycle?
a. use ATP to release carbon
dioxide
b. use NADPH to release
carbon dioxide
c. split water and release
oxygen
d. transport RuBP out of the
chloroplast
e. synthesize simple sugars
from carbon dioxide
93. Which of the following does not
occur during the Calvin cycle?
a. carbon fixation
b. oxidation of NADPH
c. release of oxygen
d. regeneration of the CO2
acceptor
 e. none of the above
94. Which of the following are products
of the light reactions of
photosynthesis that are utilized in
the Calvin cycle?
a. CO2 and glucose
b. H2O and O2
c. ADP, Pi, and NADP+
d. electrons and H+
e. ATP and NADPH
95. _____________ is the first stable
product of Calvin cycle.
a. Short-lived intermediate
b. Glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate
c. PGA (Phosphoglycerate)
d. RuBP
e. Oxaloacetate
96. How many carbon dioxide
molecules are needed to produce
1 glucose?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
97. Which of the events listed below
occur in the light reactions of
photosynthesis?
a. NADP is produced.
b. NADPH is reduced to NADP+.
c. carbon dioxide is incorporated
into PGA.
d. ATP is phosphorylated to yield
ADP.
e. light is absorbed and funneled to
reaction-center chlorophyll a.
98. Assume a thylakoid is somehow
punctured so that the interior of the
thylakoid is no longer separated
from the stroma. This damage will
have the most direct effect on
which of the following processes?
a. the splitting of water
b. the absorption of light energy by
chlorophyll
c. the flow of electrons from
photosystem II to photosystem I
d. the synthesis of ATP
e. the reduction of NADP+
99. What does the chemiosmotic
process in chloroplasts involve?
a. establishment of a proton
gradient
b. diffusion of electrons through the
thylakoid membrane
c. reduction of water to produce
ATP energy
d. movement of water by osmosis
into the thylakoid space from the
stroma
e. formation of glucose, using
carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP
100. Pores on the leaf surface that
function in gas exchange are
called
a. plastids.
b. xylem cells.
c. phloem cells.
d. stomata.
e. trichomes
101. The ________, in the chloroplast,
contains photosynthetic pigments
in its membrane.
a. granum
b. mesophyll
c. chlorophyll
d. thylakoid
 e. stroma

102. Oxidation-reduction reactions

a. transfer electrons from one
molecule to another.
b. are not used by living cells.
c. transfer protons from one
molecule to another.
d. reduce the amount of oxygen in
the cell.
e. increase the amount of oxygen
in the cell.

103. Which of the following occurs

during the light-dependent
reactions of plants?
a. electron transport
b. chemiosmosis
c. splitting of water
d. all of the above
e. none of the above