Example

Consider the following system

a three-phase fault at the middle of one line is cleared by
isolating the faulted circuit simultaneously at both ends.
The fault is cleared in 0.3 seconds, perform several steps of the
numerical solution of the swing equation using the modified Euler
method with a step size of
∆t = 0.01 seconds.
graph the swing equation for clearing times of 0.3 s,
0.4 s, and 0.5 s.
H = 5.0 V1 = 1.0
j0.3

Xd´ = j0.3 j0.2

j0.3
Power Systems I 1 2
Example
H =5 Machine parameters
Pm = 0.8
0.8 − j 0.074
E = V + jX 1 I = 1.0 + ( j 0.65) = 1.17∠26°
1.0
Pm = Pmax sin δ =
(1.17 )(1.0)
sin δ = 1.8 sin δ Pre-fault equation
0.65
δ 0 = 26.4° = 0.4606 rad Initial conditions
Pm = 0.8 ∆ω = 0 rad/s

P[ fault ]
=
(1.17 )(1.0)
sin δ = 0.65 sin δ
max
1.8 fault parameters
Pa = Pm − Pe[ fault ] = 0.8 − 0.65 sin δ
Power Systems I
Example
dδ
= 0 rad/s
dt ∆ω 0

d∆ω π ⋅ 60
= (0.8 − 0.65 sin(0.4606 rad )) = 19.27 rad/s2
dt δ 0 5
δ 1p = 0.4606 + (0 )(0.01) = 0.4606 rad
∆ω1p = 0 + (19.27 )(0.01) = 0.1927 rad/s
dδ
= 0.1927 rad/s
dt ∆ω1p

d∆ω π ⋅ 60
= (0.8 − 0.65 sin(0.4606 rad )) = 19.27 rad/s2
dt δ1p 5
Power Systems I
Example

δ 1c = 0.4606 + 12 (0 + 0.1927)(0.01) = 0.4615 rad

∆ω1c = 0 + 12 (19.27 + 19.27 )(0.01) = 0.1927 rad/s
End of first step. Next step:
dδ
= 0.1927 rad/s
dt ∆ω1
d∆ω π ⋅ 60
= (0.8 − 0.65 sin(0.4615 rad )) = 19.25 rad/s2
dt δ1p 5

Power Systems I
 Example
One-machine system swing curve. Fault cleared at 0.3s
100

Power angle / time

80
fault clearing in 0.3 s
60
Delta, degree

40

20

-20
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
t, sec

Power Systems I
 Example
One-machine system swing curve. Fault cleared at 0.4s
140

Power angle / time

120
fault clearing in 0.4 s
100
Delta, degree

80

60

40

20
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
t, sec

Power Systems I
 Example
One-machine system swing curve. Fault cleared at 0.5s
500

Power angle / time 450

fault clearing in 0.5 s 400

350

300
Delta, degree

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
t, sec
Power Systems I