YEMEN TOURISM CRISIS

Tourism in Yemen refers to tourism to Yemen. Traditionally, Yemen has been a tourism
centre for centuries as it is at the middle of the trade routes of the Middle East and the
Horn of Africa. Tourism played a fundamental role of the region in global trade and has
remained so until the 20th century. Afterwards, there has been a sharp decline in tourism
since the 2011 Yemen Crisis. The rise of extremism caused fear in prospective foreign
tourists to Yemen. Yemen has four World Heritage Sites some of the sites have been
attacked including historic old city of Sana'a. In 2015 UNESCO declared its plan to
protect the world heritage sites of Yemen.
Various nations have published travel advice for their citizens who visit Yemen. This
advice usually includes matters relating to safety and security, terrorism, local laws and
customs and entry requirements. Advice given by the United Kingdom says to respect
local Islamic customs. They advise visitors to dress modestly and to refrain from drinking
alcohol in public; especially during the Islamic month of Ramadan.
The UK also warns about possible terror attacks in tourist places or the kidnap of
foreigners by militant groups. Majority of the world's countries have advised their citizens
regarding the current situation in Yemen and have discouraged travelling to the country
until the issues concerning terrorism are solved or managed properly. However, some
nations, such as the Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan, have also noted that once terrorism
has been managed properly, tourism partnerships can be offered to Yemen immediately.
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) advise against all travel to Yemen. This
includes the mainland and all islands.
If you’re in Yemen, you should leave immediately. If you choose to remain in Yemen, you
should minimize movement around the country and within cities and towns, monitor
developments in the local security situation and follow other precautions in this travel
advice. The security situation in Yemen remains unstable. Fighting continues across the
country, which has exacerbated the humanitarian crisis and damaged key infrastructure.
Access to food, clean water, fuel and medical supplies is difficult throughout Yemen.
There is a high risk of being caught in indiscriminate gunfire or shelling.
Yemen is the kind of country you wouldn't visit at all if you listened to all of the travel
warnings. However, if you travel wisely, which doesn't really take too much effort, the
chances of anything negative happening to you are extremely slim. Yemen, for smart
travelers, is as safe as most places. Terrorists are very likely to try to carry out attacks in
Yemen. There is a very high threat of kidnap and unlawful detention from militia groups,
armed tribes, criminals and terrorists such as Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
and Daesh’s official branch in Yemen, IS-Y. See Terrorism Tropical cyclones sometimes
affect parts of the country. You should monitor local and international weather updates.
See the tropical cyclones page for advice about what to do if you’re caught up in a storm.
Yemen is a country located on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, bordering Saudi
Arabia and Oman.
Yemen is a country devastated by war and it has had a tumultuous history in the recent
past with civil wars raging inside the country. Though it is a country populated by
extremely warm and friendly people and with a lot of things to offer culturally, naturally
and historically, it is still an extremely dangerous destination right now and visitors are
discouraged from visiting. Floods and cyclones are Yemen's worst enemies when it
comes to natural disasters. Yemen is an extremely dangerous country, and unless you
absolutely have a dire need and necessity to be here, do not venture to Yemen: there is
a brutal war raging inside the country at the moment and anyone visiting it could end up
injured or dead.
Abstract
The region has been subject to political turmoil over that period, and its tourist arrivals
have not fully capitalized on the potential that the region holds. The region has a wealth
of heritage, a climate conducive to tourism and a range of leisure resources that should
provide a comparative and competitive advantage to its tourism industry. This study
identified an important point that should be addressed if the Yemeni government is
serious in its look for the current situation for the tourism sector. It is critical for courtiers
with rich sources for tourism to adopt a more structured and effective approach to crisis
management and ensure that Tourism Crisis Management Plan are introduced well
before crises strike. This research investigated the decline in the international tourism to
Yemen in since for the last 10 years until now and what both private and public sectors
have done to recover and mitigate. This decline in the Yemeni tourism generated a range
of impacts on the tourism industry, the greatest impact being loss of tourist, loss of jobs
and earnings.

Essay
Yemen is in tourism crisis. Mired in a civil war, its infrastructure and economy have been
destroyed, and the violence is taking a desperate toll on most of the population. It is not
totally safe to travel in Yemen. Off the coast, the island of Socotra has escaped the
mainland's turmoil, although the UAE and Saudi Arabia have stationed troops there.
Travel is now again possible but you'll have to carefully weigh up safety considerations
as the only current flight does stop on the mainland.
Through this study, Given the strongly worded government travel warnings about this
country, I just figured that things such as obtaining a tourist visa and even finding good,
safe accommodation options would be impossible, But as far I learned that a few travelers
are making their way to Yemen and that traveling in these parts is not nearly as difficult,
or dangerous, as I had once thought. If these parts were so dangerous, the government
would either provide the escort for the tourist or they would add the area to the list of
regions that foreigners are not allowed to travel. Yemen has its fair share of issues with
a certain of the country, a south that wants to separate from the north and some tensions
among tribal groups, It might seem as if any trip to this country would be doomed from
the start. Although there’s part in Yemen unsafe, but keep in mind that the Government
of Yemen will not allow foreigners or tourist to travel to parts of the country that they deem
unsafe, no matter what there’s a still a positive impression.
In my conclusion, the risk of encountering any major problems in Yemen as a traveler is
quite small if you travel wisely. This means staying away from spontaneous
demonstrations learning which parts of the capital city to avoid, dressing appropriately,
getting the necessary travel permits and most importantly perhaps, traveling with a
licensed driver and guide through a reputable local company. Traveling on your own in
Yemen is not easy these days and you will find it to be quite a hassle to move around the
country on public transportation and to pass through the dozens of checkpoints on every
road. Though many can say it is not still safe in Yemen there’s many people died with no
reason. Yemen have amazing places that you will not see in any other country, but also
have many of ignorant people that will cut your head with big smile. For this year Yemen
unfortunately not safe.

References;google.com/search?sxsrf=ACYBGNQwQikDG_N88oqDt79M2y-
qLYO_Lw%3A1569897663565&source=hp&ei=v7ySXeCuIMLn-
Qakrrv4Aw&q=tourism+crisis+in+the+yemen+2019&oq=tourism+crisis+&gs_l=psy-
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 The Evolution and Growth of Tourism

Tourism in Kenya was instituted during the colonial period as a “European hedonocracy”,
that is, a leisure-oriented activity for which only Europeans were equipped culturally,
economically and socially to take part in, and around which they reserved for themselves
the right to undertake entrepreneurial activity. Tourism in Kenya did not develop from
tourist demand within the economy, or simply from demand by metropolitan citizens to
visit the country. Rather, tourism developed as a consequence of initiatives provided by
metropolitan transport companies. Investment incentives and the provision of local capital
and expertise greatly facilitated the development of Kenya’s tourism industry.
The early involvement by local Europeans in tourism was an extension of their other
commercial ventures and involved the application of their overseas connections,
entrepreneurial skills and capital. It also reinforced their position within Kenya’s social
hierarchy. As members of a small social elite, they had easy access to colonial officers
and were able to promote their commercial interests. Over the years from 1950, this group
developed into a cohesive clique that justifiably laid claim to an exhaustive body of
knowledge and experience about tourism and it’s potential.
At independence in 1963 the government inherited a tourist industry whose structure and
infrastructure had been carefully nurtured over the previous fifteen or so years mainly
through the promotional efforts of EATA. The new government at independence promptly
picked up tourism promotion, which had started during the colonial period. Mention should
be made that Kenya historically enjoyed a lion’s share of tourist arrivals and revenue.
Kenya's tourism industry experienced abrupt and unforeseeable decline in the 1990s, and
currently the future of the country's tourism industry is uncertain. This paper provides a
historical and contextual analysis of the evolution and development of tourism in Kenya.
In order to put the evolution of tourism in Kenya in proper and broader context, the product
life cycle model is used as an analytical tool. The model provides a conceptual framework
to explain the complex processes of tourism development in Kenya over the years.
However, as the study shows, while the product life cycle model is useful in explaining
the development and evolution of tourism in retrospect, it is not a useful tool for focusing
future trends in tourism development. Until recently (the late 1980s) Kenya has been an
important tourist destination, receiving over 6% of the total tourist arrivals to Africa. In
1989, the country received over 800,000 international tourists, and it was being predicted
that if similar trends continued, the country could receive over 1 million tourists by the turn
of the century.

The immediate aims of the government were to expand the capacity of lodges, to develop
tourist circuits within Kenya and East Africa, and to encourage tourists to combine the
pleasures of fishing, beaches and mountain climbing with game viewing. Kenya’s tourism
development objects thus were, among other things, to “Increase tourism’s contribution
to the growth of Gross Domestic Product; raise the foreign exchange earning capacity;
create more employment opportunities; increase Kenyan ownership and management of
the industry; reduce any undesirable social or environmental consequences; and
conserve, protect and improve the environment and wildlife (Kenya, 1965b)”. The creation
of the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife in 1958 was a hallmark event (EASSRR, vol. XVI,
no. 2 (June 2000), pointing to the prime-moving role the government was going to play in
promoting the growth of tourism.
Abstract
In this study, we examine the dynamic relationship between tourism sector development
and economic growth using annual time-series data from Kenya. The study uses an
ARDL-bounds testing approach to examine these linkages and also incorporates trade
as an intermittent variable between tourism development and economic growth in a
multivariate setting. The results of our study show that there is un-directional causality
from tourism development to economic growth. The results are found to hold irrespective
of whether the causality is estimated in the short run and long run. Other results show
that international tourism Granger-causes trade, while trade Granger-causes economic
growth in Kenya in both the short and the long run. This paper provides a historical and
contextual analysis of the evolution and development of tourism in Kenya. In order to put
the evolution of tourism in Kenya in proper and broader context, the product life cycle
model is used as an analytical tool. The model provides a conceptual framework to
explain the complex processes of tourism development in Kenya over the years. However,
as the study shows, while the product life cycle model is useful in explaining the
development and evolution of tourism in retrospect, it is not a useful tool for focusing
future trends in tourism development.

Essay
Consequently, the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife was created in 1966 as the main
policy making organ of the state in tourism and wildlife matters. Part of its brief was to
allocate resources to cover all activities carried out by other public bodies whose
responsibilities impinged on tourism (Kenya 1965a). However, immediately after
independence, the development of tourism in Kenya remained fairly sluggish with
overseas visitors tending to replace the former European colonial visitor’s resident in
Africa. As the number of international tourists increased, accommodation shortages
became more acute, especially in 1965-66. This situation was aggravated by the fact that
the former colonial regime had left little expertise in tourism, Tom G. Ondicho.
International Tourism in Kenya which together with capital and skilled labor shortages
constrained the rapid expansion of tourism (Mitchell 1968). In that climate,and
considering not only the absence of a dynamic and stable merchant class to secure
investments, but also any significant mining operations in which the government could
invest, the state started to play an increasingly active role in tourism-related commercial
enterprises.
the tourism sector did not attract the attention of the government until 1965 when it was
included in the first National Development Plan 1965-1970 (Kenya 1965a). The plan
aimed at strengthening the Kenyan economy in the areas of international trade,
investment, and tourism to boost foreign exchange earnings and to create and expand
employment opportunities.
It should be noted that before the colonial period, East Africa had long received visitors
from ancient Greece, Arabia, Persia (now Iran) and India. However, the majority of those
who came to the Kenyan coast from these countries were traders and conquerors rather
than leisure seekers (Migot-Adolla et al. 1982). It was, not until the 1940s that the
foundations were laid for the development of a modern tourism industry. Some years
earlier the Kenya-Uganda Railway had been completed linking Port Beel, Entebbe and
Mombassa. Tourism provides a major source of income into the Kenyan economy. The
large number of tourists has helped the local farmers in Kenya by creating jobs supplying
hotels with food. Tourism helps to educate the local people on the importance of
protecting their wildlife, in particular endangered species near extinction.

Reference:https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ACYBGNSMc6qSDIB5isftxy7krRbp1F
HAUQ%3A1570280374748&source=hp&ei=tpOYXbemK432wAP1upnwDA&q=the+evol
ution+and+growth+of+tourism+in+kenya&oq=the+evolution+and+growth+of+tourism+in
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Destination Development in Kenya

Kenya is a fairly inexpensive tourist destination. Although the Kenya shilling fluctuates, it
often gives a much better value compared to other major currencies, such as the United
States dollar, sterling pound or the Euro. Exchange rates are currently around KES 83-
86 to a US Dollar, KES 129 to a Sterling Pound and KES 110 to a Euro.
The cost of living is much lower in Kenya compared to Europe or the United States. Credit
cards, including Visa, Master Card and American Express, are widely accepted in all
major hotels and establishments. You can also use your ATM debit card to withdraw cash
from Kenya banks ATM machines. The financial sector and Kenya banking system is
developing at an incredible rate due to advances in technology, accessibility to mobile
devices and cable Internet telecommunication, which is now readily available.
From snow-capped mountains to the deep Rift Valley with its extinct volcanoes and hot
springs, Kenya offers a breathtaking natural beauty that is distinctly spectacular. Inland,
there are wide-open plains and savannahs, arid deserts and undisturbed forests. Along
the coast there are magnificent sandy beaches and access to amazing coral reefs.
Whether you choose to laze in the tropical sun, swim in the warm turquoise waters of the
Indian Ocean or climb Mount Kenya, you will experience an unparalleled variety of beauty
everywhere you travel. Go on safari to spot the "Big Five" animals in the wild, or simply
enjoy our history, culture and lifestyle. Kenya has something for everyone.
Kenya enjoys a wonderful tropical climate. It is generally warm all year round, with plenty
of sunshine and cooler nights and mornings. Visitors are able to enjoy most activities on
the beaches and in the national parks all year round. Since Kenya lies on the equator,
the seasonal temperature changes are not extreme. However, due to the differing
topography, you will experience different weather patterns when traveling across Kenya.
The hottest months of the year are February and March with temperatures as high as
93°F (34°C) while the coolest season falls between July and August with temperatures
dropping to around 60°F (16°C). Kenya provides very perfect weather for those who live
in colder countries to escape to.
Also, some trunk and branch lines enhanced tourism possibilities. Thus, the construction
of the railway enhanced internal mobility, which was also available to tourists. The
introduction of Boeing 707 and jumbo jet aircraft in the late 1950s revolutionized air travel
by drastically reducing flight time and doubling carrying capacity. These technological
advances in aircraft engineering accompanied by improved organization of commercial
air travel significantly influenced Kenyan tourism.
These companies provided the potential tourist flows, the identification of Kenya as a
potential tourist destination, and the initial transport linkages upon which a tourism
economy could be based. The articulation of international tourism capital was based upon
interaction of foreign and local elites in the pursuit of their own interests and mutual benefit.
TOPIC: DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF TOURISM PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION IN KENYA
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSIFICATION
Kenya has traditionally been regarded and developed as a coastal (beach) and
wildlife safari destination. Kenyan National Tourism Policy seeks to develop
and diversify tourism products in Kenya. Potential exists for spreading tourism to
new areas away from the most visited and at times crowded destinations. These
areas include: Lake Victoria, Western Region, e.g. Kakamega bull, North Rift, e.g. Kerio
valley and sport, Central region, e.g. Mt. Kenya, Eastern Provinces, e.g. Kitui N Zamboni
rock, North-Eastern Provinces e.g. sand dunes
DIVERSITY OF TOURISM PRODUCTS AND SOURCE MARKETS.
The traditional beach and wildlife, safari products, being rather passive products, are not
in line with the changing travel trends and patterns where tourists want to have a
multiplicity of activities and experiences and thus, there is need to develop and diversify
tourism products. There is need to facilitate development and promotion of other products
such as: Eco-tourism, Sports tourism, Cultural tourism, Conference tourism, Shopping
tourism. For a long time, the Kenyan tourism sector has been dependent on the traditional
markets of UK and Western Europe.
There are some basic requirements that have to be put in place to support the tourism
diversification efforts of the Kenyan government. Tourism has many
components comprising the overall "travel experience." Along with transportation,
it includes: Accommodation, Food and beverage services, Shops, entertainment,
Aesthetics, Special events. It is not common for one business to provide the variety of
activities or facilities tourists need or desire. This adds to the difficulty of maintaining and
controlling the quality of the tourist experience. To overcome this hurdle the government
of Kenya will work together with relevant stakeholders’ in order to ensure consistency in
product quality and service deliver.
Mass tourism in Kenya can deliver a large market to which alternative tourism enterprises
can then access and broaden the product base allowing further development of touring
circuits and enhancing the competitiveness of Kenya
ininternational markets. This will attract high yield tourists who will appreciate theenviron
mental and cultural heritage resources of Kenya. The accessibility of theEuropean
tourism generating market is an advantage for this situation. It provides an opportunity to
change away from the limited number of Kenya’s key tourism markets;
It will reduce the intense geographical concentration of wildlife tourism at large the
country’s national parks. This will benefit the economy of rural regions by generating and
capturing tourist spend and employment in the rural areas where the local people live.
It will diversify Kenya’s tourism products to allow development of sectors such as culture,
heritage, eco-tourism and food and wine tourism. It therefore encourages diversification
away from the wildlife tourism developments
Tourism product in Kenya experienced at the national parks and beach tourism on the
coastal region of Kenya. It encourages increased quality of tourist products and support
services to meet market demand;
It will reduce dependence on foreign tour operators. Overdependence on tour operators
mea
It will reduce the need for Kenya to compete on price. Currently Kenya is highly price
competitive against other African destinations, but this will change in the future as a result
of diversified tourism product. Diversification into high quality products will insulate
against price competition.
Diversification will also have broader benefits as it will dominantly be crafted and delivered
by Small and Micro Enterprises (SMES). This will have the benefit of ensuring that the
economic benefits of tourism flows (particularly spend and employment) are