SEMINAR

ON
Amrita for life
Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy)

2019

ADVISOR PEPARED BY
Dr.Avinash Singh VIKAS KUMAR DUBEY
Assistant professor M. Tech . Dairy Technology 3rdsem
ID:18MDT003

WARNER COLLEGE OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY

Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences
Prayagraj
CONTENTS
 Introduction

 Growth requirement

 Threats to this plant

 Morphological description

 Distribution

 Vernacular names

 Species of Tinospora

 Properties

 Benefits of giloy

 Trade and commerce

 Availability of giloy in market

 Conclusion

 Reference
INTRODUCTION

India is home to diverse range of medicinal plants which have been the mainstay of
traditional health care practices across all socities for centuries. Medicinal plants form
the major resource base of our indigenous health care tradition or systems across the
global. India also has very strong traditional health care practices that are represented
by the Indian system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy.

Global consumption of antibiotics is more than 70 billion doses per year. The WHO's
statistics also shows that about 490,000 people have been infected with multi-drug-
resistant tuberculosis in year 2016. It is estimated that due to multi-drug-resistance, by
2050, there is a possibility of more than 10 million deaths per year, more than the
number of cancer-related deaths (8.2 million per year) in the same period. Early
research estimates that due to antimicrobial resistance, the financial burden can reach
100 trillion dollars annually by the year 2050. Figures are large but one thing is clear that
antibiotic resistance or anti- microbial-resistance is one of the major problems of 21st
century public health concerns. Antibiotic- resistance is a problem across the world, but
in India it is more alarming as there is wide indiscriminate use of antibiotics .Statistics of
the year 2010 show that India was the world's largest consumer of antibiotics for
human health and is still today.

India is one of the major countries affected by viral diseases like dengue, Chikungunya
etc. Presently, Almost 1.3 million suspected Chikungunya fever cases were reported in
India. . For viral and other infections, there is almost no treatment available and
whatever is there have a lot of side effects. . In this condition, there is need of hour to
introduce a preventive and health promotive substance measure for public. For this
purpose, ‘Amrita’ or Tinospora cordifolia, a commonly available and well defined in the
ancient texts and well researched medicinal plant in the context of immune-modulator
can be Also, the recent studies shows that the chemical constituents of Amrita/Guduchi
(T. cordifolia) are having self-antimicrobial properties
Giloy :
Amrita (Tinospora cordifolia) is one of the most highly valued and common herb in
Indian system of medicine. It has a rich history in the Indian sub-continent where it has
been used and written about for thousands of years. It is known universally as "Guduchi
or Giloy”.

As per classical Ayurveda texts word Amrita is referred as:(The creeping plant that
endows life by destroying disease)

Giloy which is known by the common names heart-leaved moonseed, Gaduchi, and
Giloya, is an herbaceous vine of the family menispermaceae

It is a large, deciduous, extensively-spreading, climbing shrub with several elongated

twining branches. Leaves are simple, alternate, and estipulate with long petioles up to
15 cm (6 in) long which are roundish and pulvinate. Stem part of the plant is used for
medicinal purpose and it is the main ingredient of various formulations in different
traditional system of Indian medicines or Ayurveda, Siddha & Unani

Growth Requirement:

The plant is very rigid and it can be grown in almost all climates but prefers warm
climate. Planting is usually done during rainy season (July to August). As it is climber so it
requires support for its growth. Fast growing species such as Neem , have been
planted to provide support for its growth. Tinospora cordifolia growing with Neem is
called as NEEM GILOY has chemical composition as similar as neem as well as giloy and
show better therapeutic properties .

T. cordifolia prefers medium black or red soil for its cultivation. Giloy can also be
successfully grown in large variety of soils, ranging from sandy to clay loam. However,
the soil should be well drained with sufficient moisture and rich with organic matter for
its growth.
Threats to This Plant:

Due to the presence of immense medicinal properties, this plant has been
overexploited by pharmaceutical companies and folk people for traditional
remedies have led to the acute scarcity of this plant to meet the present-day
demand. Due to its high demand, T. cordifolia has been listed amongst 29 highly
prioritized medicinal plants of agro climatic zone 8 (Rajasthan, U.P. and M.P.) of
India as identified by National Medicinal Plant Board, New Delhi, Government of
India. This plant has also been listed in 178 medicinal plant species in high Volume
Trade by NMPB, New Delhi, India . Hence, this plant has been selected for the to
make public or scientific community very well aware and update them about
morphology, growth constraints, an array of its chemical compounds, medicinal
properties, pharmaceutical products, research work

Morphological Description:

Tinospora cordifolia is a large deciduous, extensively spreading climbing shrub with

a number of coiling branches. Different parts of Tinospora have following type of
morphology.

Stem
Stem of this plant is rather succulent with long, filiform, fleshy and climbing in
nature. Aerial roots arise from the branches. The bark is creamy white to grey in
color and deeply left spirally

Arial Root:
Arial roots are present, these aerial roots are characterized by tetra to penta-arch
primary structure. However, cortex of root is divided in to outer thick walled and
inner parenchymatous zone .
Leaves
Leaves of this plant are simple, alternate, ex- stipulate, long petioled approximately
15 cm round, pulvinate, heart shaped, twisted partially and half way round. Lamina
is ovate, 10-20 cm

Flowers
Flowers are , recemes, greenish yellow in colour, appears when plant is leaf less. Male
flowers are clustered and female flowers exist in solitary inflorescence. Sepals are 6
in 2 series of 3 each. Outer ones are smaller than the inner sepals. Petals are also 6,
smaller than sepals, free and membranous. Flowering occurs during March to June

Fruit
They are orange-red in colour, fleshy, aggregate of 1-3 and ovoid, smooth, drupelets on
thick stalk with a sub terminal style scars. Fruits develop during winter

Seed
Curved seed have been reported in this species. Hence this family is named as
moonseed family long, 7 nerved and deeply cordite at the base and membranous also.
As seeds are curved in shape, embryo also turned in to curve shape automatically.
Moreover, the endocarp is variously ornamented and provides important taxonomic
character

Flower Fruit Leaf Stem

Distribution:

It is found throughout India especially tropical area, mainly in state of India such as
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.

Vernacular names:

Hindi: Gulancha, Giloy, Amrita, Gulneha, Gulbel

Bengali: Golancha, Giloe, Gulancha

Gujarati: Gulvel, Galo

Punjabi: Gilo, Gilo- gulanch, Garham, Palo

Tamil: Amrutavalli, Chintilikkoti, Chindil, Seendal

Telegu: Tippatige, Dussiramu Thippateega, Amruta

Kannada: Amaradaballi, Amrutaballi, Kasi Amrutabel

Assam: Siddhilata, Amarlata, Shaguni-lata, Geloi,

Oriya: Gulochi, Gulancha Urdu - Gurch, Guluncha

Species of tinospora:

40 species are distributed in tropical Africa, South -East Asia, Indo Malaya region and
stralia of which 3species have been recorded from India. According to Indian medicinal

the following species are used medicinally.

T. bakis Miers - In Senegal
T. Cordifolia Miers - In Indo- China T. crispa Miers - In Indo- China
T. malabarika Miers - In Indo- China T. rumphii Boerl- Java
Among this Tinospora found in India namely Tinospora codifolia tinospora sinensis and
Tinospora crispa. They are mostly found in tropical and subtropical area of india
PROPERTIES:

Tinospora contain phytochemicals, cluding alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides,and mixed

other chemical compounds. columbin, tinosporaside, palmatine, berberine,
tembeterine, tinocordifolioside, phenylpropene disaccharides, choline, tinosporicacid, ti
nosporal, and tinosporon have been isolated from Tinospora cordifolia

Active Compound Plant Part Biological Activity

Component (In Human being)
Anti-viral infections, Anti- cancer,
Berberine, Choline
Alkaloids Stem, anti-diabetes, inflammation,
Tinosporin, Palmetine,
Root Neurological,
Aporphine alkaloids
immunomodulatory, psychiatric
conditions
relaxes, anti-inflammatory, anti-
dilactone], Tinosporon,
Diterpenoid Whole Plant microbial, anti- hypertensive, anti-
Tinosporides, Jateorine,
viral.
Lactones Columbin
.
glucoside, Furanoid
Treats neurological
diterpene glucoside,
disordersInhibits anticancer
Tinocordiside,
Stem activities.
Glycosides Tinocordifolioside,
Cordioside, Cordifolioside
glycoside, Palmatosides,
sitosterol, Makisterone A, neuropathy,
Steroids Shoot
Giloinsterol inflammatory arthritis,
Shoot
Aliphatic Heptacosanol Nonacosan-15-
compound one dichloromethane Plant inflammatory

Jatrorrhizine, Tinosporidine,
Cordifol, Cordifelone, Giloinin, Root, Whole Protease inhibitors for HIV and
Giloin, N- diacetate, Tinosporic Plant drug resistant HIV.
Others
acid.
Benefits Of Giloy:

1. Anti-Diabetic Activities

The stem of this plant is generally used to cure diabetes by regulating level of blood glucose. It has
been reported to act as anti-diabetic drug through explanatory oxidative stress, promoting insulin
secretion by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. The anti-diabetic properties exhibited by
this plant species are attributed due glucose level and shows potential activities against Diabetes
mellitus disease .

The root extract of this plant has also been reported to have anti-diabetic properties which decrease
the level of glycosylated haemoglobin, hydroperoxidase and vitamin E

2. Immunomodulatory Activities:

T. cordifolia is well known for its immunomodulatory response. This property has been well
documented by scientists . A large variety of compounds which are responsible for immunomodulatory
and cytotoxic effects are 11- hydroxymuskatone, N-methyle-2-pyrrolidone, N- formylannonain,
cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, tinocordioside and syringin .

These natural compounds have been reported to improve the phagocytic activity of macrophages,
enhancement in nitric acid production by stimulation of splenocyte, and production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in human neutrophil cellsAnti-toxic Activities

Aqueous extract of this plant has already been reported to show scavenge activity due to the presence
of antioxidant against free radicals generated during aflatoxicosis . Further alkaloids such as choline,
tinosporine, isocolumbin, palmetine, tetrahydropalmatine and magnoflorine from T. cordifolia showed
protection against aflatoxin induced nephrotoxicity

3. Anti-HIV Activities
Root extract of this plant has been shown a decrease in the regular resistance against
HIV . This anti HIV effect was exposed by reduction in eosinophil count, stimulation of B
lymphocytes, macrophages, level of hemoglobin and polymorphonuclear leucocytes
 4. Anti-Cancer Activities:

T. cordifolia shows anti-cancer activity, this activity is mostly shown in animal

models. Root extract of T. cordifolia has been shown radio protective role due to
extensively increase in body weight, tissue weight, tubular diameter.
Dichloromethane extracts of TC shows cytotoxic effects owing to lipid peroxidation
and release of LDH and decline in GST . In pre-irradiating mice, root extract has
widely affected radiation, induced rise in lipid peroxidation and resulted in the
decline of GSH in testes . Most of the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents laid toxic
side effects on the living organisms . The effect of Giloy has been reported better
than doxorubicin treatment .

5. Anti-Microbial Activities
Methanolic extract of T. cordifolia has been reported against microbial infection . Anti-
bacterial activity of T. cordifolia extract has been bio assayed against Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi,
Shigella flexneri, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Enterobacter aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogene . Further, T. cordifolia
extract has been reported against bacterial growth and improved phagocytic and
intracellular bacterial capacities of neutrophils in mice

6. Anti-Oxidant Activities
Methanolic extract of stem of T. cordifolia has been reported to anti-oxidant activity, by
increasing the erythrocytes membrane lipid peroxide and catalase activity. It also
decreases the activity of SOD, GPx in alloxan induced diabetic rats
Trade and commerce:
 Trade of Tinospora cordifloia is: 1000-2000 M.T. (Source: Medicinal Plants in
India:

 ment of their demand and supply by Goraya and Ved, 2017)

 Market Price of last 6 months: Tinospora cordifolia (Dry Stem) — 34.54 rs/kg
(Source: ted by FEDMAPS — Federation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Stakeholders)

Availability of giloy in market:

Giloy is available in market in the form of powder capsules juice .Giloy stem is also
available in market

Giloy powder Giloy capsules

Giloy juice Giloy stem

Conclusion :

Tinospora cordifolia is a versatile resource for all forms of life. There are reports as
already discussed that the plant extracts have active compounds in the form of
alkaloids, glycosides, lactones and steroids.

Tinospora cordifolia contains 13.32% crude protein ,23.30% fiber and 1.99% fat and
presence of calcium ,phosphorus, iron, manganes ,zinc and copperin significant
quantities. This preludes that the Tinospora cordifolia could be a reach source of
nutrition for body building and boosting the immune. One of the most important
constituent present as berberin a natural alkolide recently used it as anti cancer anti
inflammatory, anti, malarial, antibiotic and in treatment of cardiovascular. This is
important alkolides which makes differences from other herbal plant. In an university
of Gujrat research was done on blow fly they sprinkled giloy powder on blowfly for 30
days and it has seen that life span of blowfly increased in from 25 -30 days to 85 days.
Which was further published in Netherlands healthcare journal. In Ayurveda it is known
as superfood. Giloy is promoting as national herbal plant by seeing its medicional and
nutritional value.

In Giloy there is only one limitation it should be taken in limited doses if we are taking it
in powder form (3-6gm),in juice form(5-10ml),in sattva (starch from roots and stem)(1-
2gm).Giloy can consume any person .It is very cheapest herb and easily available all over
in india.

It can be used in dairy industry for the production of herbal products as herbal curd
,herbal paneer and many more.

By the higher nutritional and medicinal value giloy is the top herbal plant so it is called
amrita for life in Ayurveda

IN AYURVEDA IT IS SAID :

गगगगगग गगगग गगगग गग

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Assessment