Class 11

Samriddhi Verma
PPT Shalu Razora
Shubham Chaudhary
Presented Shreyas Singh
Priya Dubey
By: Radhika Kashyap
 POWERPOINT
PRESENTATION
ON
Executive

ON
 CONTENT
S.NO. TOPIC SLIDE NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 5
2 FUNCTIONS OF EXECUTIVE 6
3 TYPES OF EXECUTIVE 7
4 PARLIAMENTARY EXECUTIVE IN INDIA 9
5 THE PRESIDENT 11
6 POWERS 12
7 DISCRETIONARY POWERS 13
8 VETO POWER 14
9 REMOVAL OF PRESIDENT 15
10 THE VICE PRESIDENT 16
11 PRIME MINISTER 18
12 POWERS AND POSITION OF THE PRIME MINISTER 20
13 COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 22
14 PERMANENT EXECUTIVE:BUREAUCRACY 25
15 CONCLUSION 27
 INTRODUCTION
• For better governance, the Constitution of India has divided the
powers into the three organs of the government, i.e., legislature ,
executive and the judiciary.
• The executive is a body of
persons that looks after
the implementation of rules
and regulations in actual
practice.
• The organ of government that primarily looks after the function of
implementation and administration is called the executive.
• Political Executives are temporary executives. They have to be re-
elected after the end of their tenure by way of elections. Their role
largely depends on whether or not their party comes to power
again or not.
 FUNCTIONS OF EXECUTIVE
• The primary function of executive is
• All are made by the chief executive.
• It is the responsibility of the executive to as to which
with which other countries.
• One of the key functions of the state is to
of the country and or
war.
• Law-making is primarily the function of the legislature. However, the
. In this sphere too the role of the executive has
been increasing by leaps and bounds.
• It is the legislature which is the custodian of all finances. However, in actual
practice . It has the
responsibility to . It proposes the levy of new taxes or
changes in tax structure and administration.
• The executive decides the ways and means through which the money is to be
collected and spent. . It takes
suitable measures for regulating the production and distribution of goods,
money supply, prices and exports and imports. It
 Types of Executive
Systems based on the
Systems based on individual
principles of collective
leadership
leadership

Parliamentary Semi-Presidential Presidential

•Head of the
System •President is Head of
government- •Has the President the state.
known as Prime as the head of the •He is also the Head
Minister. state. of the government.
•He is the leader of •Has a prime •The President is
minister as head of
the majority party usually directly
he government.
in legislature. elected by the
•PM and his
•He is accountable people.
Council are
to the legislature. responsible to •He is not
•The head of the legislature. accountable to
state may be legislature
Monarch Constitutional
Monarchy
Ceremonial
President Parliamentary Executive
Republic
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM SEMI PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
SYSTEM
CANADA FRANCE USA

JAPAN RUSSIA BRAZIL

ITALY SRI LANKA AFGHANISTAN

PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN INDIA
 THE PRESIDENT

• The executive power of the Indian union is vested in the

President.
• Formal head of the state and the supreme commander of the
defence Forces of India.
• In this formal sense, the President has wide ranging executive,
legislature, judicial and emergency powers.
• In a parliamentary system, these powers are in reality used by
the President only on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
 POWERS
• Executive Powers
 Head of the Union Administration
 Appointment of officials of the
State
• Diplomatic Powers
 Has the power of appointing
Indian Ambassadors
 Represents India in International
Conferences
• Legislative Powers
 Nominations of Members
 Dissolve the Lok Sabha
• Financial Powers
 Money Bills can be introduced only
on the recommendation of the
President.
 After every five years, the
President appoints a Finance
Commission
• Military Powers
 Supreme Commander of the
Armed Forces
 Has the power to make
Declarations of War and Peace
• Judicial Powers
 Not answerable before any court
of law for the exercise of the
powers and duties of his office
 Has the power to grant pardons or
commute the sentence of any
person convicted for an offence.
 DISCRETIONARY POWERS
The President of India enjoys certain discretionary powers.
There are certain grey areas where President may have to
use his wisdom and judgment.
I. Appointment of the Prime Minister where no party has
clear cut majority.
II. Appointment of Prime Minister in case of death where
ruling legislature party is unable to elect a leader.
III. When a vote of no-confidence motion is passed ,
President asks another party to prove its majority.
IV. Dismiss ministers, when Council of ministers refuses to
sign.
V. Can send back the advice given by the Council of
Ministers and ask the Council to reconsider the decision.
VI. Has Veto Power by which he can withhold or refuse to
give assent to the bills(other than Money bills).
The President can send a bill back to the Parliament asking it to reconsider
the bill. The ‘veto’ power is limited because, if the parliament passes the
same bill and sends it back to the President, then the president is bound to
give assent to the bill. However there is no mention in the constitution
about the time limit within which the President must send back the bill for
reconsideration .This means that the president can just keep the bill
pending without any time limit. This gives he President an informal power
to use the ‘veto’ in a very effective way. This is also referred as ‘pocket veto.’
 REMOVAL OF PRESIDENT
• A President can be impeached for violation of the constitution
and on the grounds of proven misbehavior and incapacity. In
this case either House of Parliament can level the charge as
follows:
a) Resolution which is moved after at least fourteen days’ notice in
writing signed by not less than one fourth of the total number of
members of the house, and
b) The resolution is passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of
the membership of the House.
• When a charge has been so preferred by either House of
Parliament, the other House will investigate the charge and the
president has the right to appear and to be represented at such
an investigation.
• If, as a result of the investigation, a resolution is passed by a
majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of
the house, declaring that the charge has been sustained, such a
resolution will have the effect of removing the President from
his office.
T
H
E

V
I
C
E

P
R
E
S
I
D
E
N
T
 THE VICE PRESIDENT
Elected for five years.
Election method is similar to that of President.
May be removed from his office by a resolution of the
Rajya Sabha passed by a majority and agreed to by
the Lok Sabha.
Acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
Takes over the office of the President when there is a
vacancy by reasons of death, resignation, removal by
impeachment or otherwise.
Acts as the President only until a new President is
elected.
PRIME MINISTER
 PRIME MINISTER
• The Constitution of India provides for a Council of ministers, with the
Prime Minister at the head, to aid and advise the president.
• As the President exercises his powers only on the advice of the Council of
Ministers and the Council of Ministers is headed by the Prime Minister,
therefore, the Prime Minister becomes the most important functionary
of the government in our country.
• The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The members of the
majority party elect their leader to be appointed as he Prime Minister.
The president then appoints him as the Prime minister.
• When no single party secures an absolute majority in the Lok Sabha, The
President may have some option in the appointment of the Prime
Minister.
• But the President has to appoint that person who can prove that he has
the support of some smaller groups or parties in order to get the majority
in the House.
POWERS AND POSITION OF THE PRIME MINISTER
• PRIME MINISTER AND THE
PRESIDENT
o He is the link between the
President and the Council of
Ministers.
o The Prime Minister chooses
the ministers and, on his
advice, the President
appoints them.
• PRIME MINISTER AND THE
CABINET
o Head of the Cabinet
o Power to Allocate Portfolios
and to reshuffle the Council
of Ministers.
• PRIME MINISTER INSIDE
THE PARLIAMENT
o Leader of the Lok Sabha as he
is the leader of the majority
party.
o Chief Spokesperson of the
government in the
Parliament.
• PRIME MINISTER AS THE
LEADER OF THE NATION
o Represents the nation
o Opposition parties support
the Prime Minister during
national crisis.
o Protects the interests of the
country in international
forums.
 Indian Government

State
Chief Ministers

India
 COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
• Article 75 of the constitution
states that “the Prime Minister
shall be appointed by the
President and the other ministers
shall be appointed by the
President on the advice of the
Prime Minister.”
• Normally, only the members of
Parliament are appointed as
Ministers. In case a non-member
is appointed as a Minister ,he
must be elected or nominated to
the Parliament within six months
of the date of his appointment.
Failing this, he will have to resign
from the post of minister.
• The Council of Ministers are classified The Cabinet
into three categories:
• The Cabinet is composed of a
A. Cabinet Ministers:
1. most important
small but important body of
2. hold important portfolios senior leaders of the party, who
3. have a right to attend meetings of are included in the council of
Cabinet ministers.
B. Ministers of state: • They being the trusted men of
1. second category of ministers
the Prime Minister, form the
2. may or may not hold portfolios
3. do not participate in cabinet
Cabinet and takes important
meetings but are invited decisions. Such decisions are
C. Deputy Ministers: communicated to the Other
1. third category Ministers and they have to
2. junior ministers, follow these decisions.
3. take no part in cabinet deliberations
• The prime Minister selects his
• The Ministers hold office during the
pleasure of the President.
senior and trustworthy
• Before a Minister enters upon his office, colleagues and advises them to
the President administers him the Oath. appoint them as the Cabinet
of Office and of Secrecy. Ministers.

The decisions taken in the
meetings of the cabinet are
equally applicable to all the
Ministers even though they
may differ among
themselves on a particular
policy
The Ministers are
individually responsible to
the President.
Collective
Responsibility
All Ministers jointly share the
A vote of No-Confidence
responsibility for the
against one minister is a vote
government’s policies. The
against the whole ministry.
Ministers must function as a
Such a Ministry that has lost
team in supporting
the confidence of the Lok
government policies inside
Sabha has to resign.
and outside the parliament
Individual
Responsibility
Each Minister is responsible
Each Minister is answerable
for matters such as personal
to the Parliament for the
lapse, departure from official
department under his
policy, breach of oath of
control
secrecy. and so on
PERMANENT EXECUTIVE:BUREAUCRACY
 IMPORTANT ARTICLES
ARTICLE NO. SUBJECT MATTER

52 PRESIDENT OF INDIA

53 EXECUTIVE POWER OF THE UNION

58 QUALIFICATIONS FOR ELECTION AS PRESIDENT

61 PROCEDURE FOR IMPEACHMENT OF THE PRESIDENT

63 VICE PRESIDENT OF INDIA

64 THE VICE-PRESIDENT TO BE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF

STATES
65 VICE PRESIDENT TO ACT AS PRESIDENT OR TO DISCHARGE HIS FUNCTIONS

74 COUNCIL OF MINISTERS TO AID AND ADVISE THE PRESIDENT

78 THE VICE-PRESIDENT TO BE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF

STATES
163 THE VICE-PRESIDENT TO BE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF
STATES
 • The modern executive is a very powerful
institution of government.
• The executive enjoys greater powers compared
to other organs of the government.
• This generates a greater need to have
CONCLUSION

democratic control over the executive.

• The makers of our constitution thought with
foresight that the executive must be put firmly
under regular supervision and control.
• Thus, a parliamentary executive was chosen.
• Periodic elections, constitutional limits over the
exercise of powers and democratic politics have
ensured that executive organ cannot become
unresponsive.