I.

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Global warming is an increased of overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to

greenhouse gas effect. Considering global warming, vehicles are a major contributor to air
pollution in the world. Cabanatuan City located at the Province of Nueva Ecija, are known as the
“Tricycle Capital of the Philippines”, and as an urban area with a great volume of public utility
vehicles, particularly tricycles along with the jeepneys. Diesel and gasoline fuels used by these
public utility vehicles are the main source of air contaminants produced throughout
combustion, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon
monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). In order to control the increasing temperature of
the earth, this study will estimate the cost required for global warming mitigation. These
estimates are essential for making sensible decisions about reducing the emissions of CO2 and
other GHG.

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

 Surveying  Data analysis  Total Global

respondents for  Computation of the Warming Cost in
collection of data, gathered data Cabanatuan City
particularly to  Tabulation of data required for global
tricycle and jeepney warming
drivers that travels mitigation
within Cabanatuan  Estimated fuel
City. economy of PUV’s
 Total number of
PUV’s attribute to
global warming

Objectives of the Study

General Objectives:

1. To estimate the global warming cost of PUVs in Cabanatuan City.

Specific Objectives:

1. To determine the volume of vehicles in Cabanatuan City that attributes to global

warming.

a. Tricycle

b. Jeepney

2. To quantify the fuel economy of PUVs.

 II. Methods

Research Design

Quantitative research will be used in this study. The researcher will use an equation for
GWC performed by Nordhaus and Boyer (2000) for an analysis of the cost of carbon removal
from the atmosphere. Atmospheric damage cost estimates range from $10 to $50 per ton that
will be converted into 535.60 to 2678.00 Philippine peso (Php) per gallon (gal) of carbon-
dioxide. Parallel to the estimation used by Fischer et al. (2007), the EPA (2008), and CRAI
(2008), this paper’s global warming external cost assumption will be 2678.00php per gal.

Since 26 pounds of carbon dioxide are emitted for every gallon of gasoline refined and burned
in an internal combustion engine (Nordhaus 1991), in diesel, 22.4 pounds of carbon dioxide are
emitted for every gallon.

Equation for gasoline:

GWC = 26lbs/gal x 2678.00Php/gal

FE 2000lbs/gal

Where:

GWC = Global warming cost

2678.00Php/gal = Global warming external cost assumption

FE = Vehicle’s combined fuel economy

26lbs/gal = carbon dioxide are emitted for every gallon of gasoline

Equation for diesel:

GWC = 22.4lbs/gal x 2678.00Php/gal

FE 2000lbs/gal

Where:

GWC = Global warming cost

2678.00Php/gal = Global warming external cost assumption

FE = Vehicle’s combined fuel economy

22.4lbs/gal = carbon dioxide are emitted for every gallon of diesel

Fuel Economy is an affiliation between the distance travelled and the amount
of fuel consumed by the vehicle. Consumption can be expressed in terms of volume of fuel to
travel a distance, or the distance travelled per unit volume of fuel consumed. The following
formula is used to calculate fuel consumption in liters/100kms, but liter unit will be converted
into gallon for simpler formula relative to the above estimated formula.

Conversion of liters to gallon:

1L = 0.21996 gal (in UK metric ton)

Liter= gallon
L
The final formula for FE:
FE = (gal * 100kms)

Kmt

Where:
gal = gallon used

Kmt = Kilometers travelled

Sampling Design

The researchers will probability sampling.

Probability samplingis a technique in which each unit in a population has a specifiable

chance of being selected. The motivation behind using probability sampling is to generate a
sample that is representative of the population in which it was drawn.

Survey

JODA TODA
drivers drivers

Data
Analysis

Data
Interpretation

Data
Presentation
Fig.1. Flow chart of the study
Materials and Procedures

The researchers will select public utility vehicles station where travel destination is within
Cabanatuan City. The researchers will use an interview guide to gather the data needed for the
estimation of fuel economy and global warming cost. Collection of data will be done by
surveying the selected respondents, and that will be the PUVs drivers. After the collection of
data, the researchers will proceed in analyzing the data and quantify through the used formula
for GWC performed by Nordhaus and Boyer (2000) with the help of Microsoft excel. Data
interpretation in tabulate form will be the last procedure to present the data.
 Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

College of Arts and Sciences

Global Warming Cost of Public Utility

Vehicles in Cabanatuan City, Philippines

Submitted by:

Carreon, Princess Angelic D.

Gamboa, Roniel U.

Martizano, Jowie G.

BS Environmental Science 4

Submitted to:

Mr. Jan Ramel A. Tumbaga