Prepared by: UPD College of Science Freshie Shiftee Transferee Circle ‘18-’19 First Semester

CHEM 16.1 LE 2 SAMPLEX

ANSWER KEY
1.
I. Balance the reaction
H2SO4(aq) + 2 NaNO3(aq) → 2 HNO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)
II. Determine the limiting reactant
𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝑁𝑂3(𝑎𝑞)
0.2 𝐿
H2SO4(aq) (0.00769 𝐿)(1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 𝑆𝑂 )= 0.003076 mol HNO3
2 4(𝑎𝑞)

𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝑁𝑂3(𝑎𝑞)

0.4 𝐿
Na2NO3(aq) (0.01642 𝐿)(2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎 𝑁𝑂 )= 0.006568 mol HNO3
2 3(𝑎𝑞)

L.R. : H2SO4
III. Calculate for the molarity of H+
0.003076 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 +
0.5 𝐿
(1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝑁𝑂 )= 0.006152 M H+
3

IV. Calculate for the pOH

pOH = 14 − (−𝑙𝑜𝑔(0.006152))= 11.78901633 = 11.8
2. A
A. True, because in a reverse-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is
nonpolar. Hence, the substance with the highest retention factor is the most
polar. Since C is more polar than A, then it is more likely to be dissolved in
water, a polar substance.
B. False, because toluene is nonpolar. Since A is the least polar among the
three, it is the most likely substance to be dissolved in toluene.
C. False, because no standard (standards are used for comparison so that
unknown components are correctly identified) was given to serve as
reference for substance identification.
D. False.
3. Question is void. No correct answer.
● C is incorrectly paired. However, it was not specified whether B is referring to the
stationary or mobile phase therefore no answer could be concluded.
4.
I. Balance the reaction
H2SO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
II. Determine limiting reactant
Prepared by: UPD College of Science Freshie Shiftee Transferee Circle ‘18-’19 First Semester

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4(𝑎𝑞)

6.0 𝐿
H2SO4(aq) (0.00216 𝐿)( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 𝑆𝑂 )= 0.01296 mol Na2SO4(aq)
2 4(𝑎𝑞)

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4(𝑎𝑞)

6.0 𝐿
NaOH(aq) (0.00322 𝐿)( 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 )= 0.00966 mol Na2SO4(aq)
(𝑎𝑞)

𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑎)

6.0 H2SO4(aq) (0.00216 𝐿)( )= 0.02592 mol H2O(l)
𝐿 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4(𝑎𝑞)

𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑎)

6.0 𝐿
NaOH(aq) (0.00322 𝐿)(2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 )= 0.01932 mol H2O(l)
(𝑎𝑞)

L.R. NaOH
III. Calculate for Ccal
𝐾𝐽
−(−116.8 )(6.0𝑀(0.00322𝐿)) 𝐾𝐽 𝐾𝐽
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Ccal = 39 − 30 ∘ 𝐶
=0.250730666 ∘𝐶 =0.25 ∘𝐶

Using your hand as a calorimeter is hazardous as it risks contact of

chemicals with your hand. It also emits body heat which would alter recorded
changes in temperature.
5. B
I. The first statement is incorrect because compounds in a mixture do not affect each
other’s retention factors
II. The second statement is incorrect because retention factor is the same as long as
the mobile and stationary phases are the same regardless of the length of the
chromatogram.

6. B.
A. False, because traces of HNO3 in the pipette will react with NaOH, decreasing
the amount of effective NaOH. Since the amount of NaOH has been reduced,
the calculated enthalpy of reaction will decrease due to the lowering of the
amount of a reactant.
B. True, same explanation as A.
C. False, same explanation as A.
D. False, same explanation as A.
7. B
I. The solution was frozen, hence we will use the freezing-point depression equation:
𝛥Tf = -iKfm.
II. The substance does not conduct electricity. It means that it is a non-electrolyte. Non-
electrolyte substances have a van’t hoff factor of i=1.
III. Kf of water is 1.86oC/m. Its normal freezing point is 0oC.
Prepared by: UPD College of Science Freshie Shiftee Transferee Circle ‘18-’19 First Semester

IV. 𝛥Tf = Tfinal - Tinitial = (-6.97oC) - (0oC) = -6.97oC

V. Using the freezing-point depression equation to solve for m yields m = 3.75 m
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑋
VI. 3.75 molal = ; number of moles of
2.4 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
substance X = (3.75 molal)(2.4 kg of water) = 9.0 moles of substance X
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑋 324 𝑔
VII. Molar mass of substance X = = = 36 g/mol
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑋 9.0 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
8. D
A. Conductive, weak electrolyte
B. Conductive, ionic compound
C. Conductive, ionic compound
D. Insulator, insoluble in water
9. B
Increasing the molality of a solution will decrease the vapor pressure of that solution. The
pressure of the trapped gas is equal to the sum of the pressure of the dry gas and vapor
pressure. With equal dry gas pressures, the eudiometer with a lower molality thus higher
vapor pressure will have higher total trapped gas pressure.
A. Eudiometer B has a higher molality therefore a lower vapor pressure. Lower
vapor pressure with equal dry gas pressures leads to a lower overall trapped
gas pressure.
B. Correct answer
C. Pressures will not be the same
D. The answer can be determined
10. D
I. False. The magnitude of the heat of reaction (system) is equal to the heat change in
the surroundings, not the universe.
II. False. Volume is held constant in a bomb calorimeter, not pressure.
III. False. Temperature change is measured, which is not necessarily limited to just an
increase in temperature.
IV. False. Heat capacity is always positive.
11. C
27 mL : 77.14% of theoretical yield
27 mL + x = theoretical yield
Prepared by: UPD College of Science Freshie Shiftee Transferee Circle ‘18-’19 First Semester

𝑥 (100−77.14)
27 𝑚𝐿
= 77.14
;𝑥 = 8 𝑚𝐿; theoretical yield = 35 mL
35 𝑚𝐿
× 100 =70%
50 𝑚𝐿

12. B
A. The direction of the flow of the coolant only maximizes the efficiency of cooling.
B. Boiling chips prevent bumping, which could cause the alcohol solution to spill into
that receiving container, thereby increasing the calculated percent recovery.
C. The rate of heating has no effect on the calculated percent recovery.
D. The rate of heating has no effect on the calculated percent recovery.

13.
I. Calculate for the molality of the solution
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
0.04 𝑔 ( )
58.44𝑔
0.002𝐾𝑔
= 0.342231348 m

II. Solve for depressed freezing point

∘𝐶
(𝑇2 − 0∘ 𝐶) = −(2)(1.86 )(0.342231348𝑚); T2= -1.273100616°C = -1.27
𝑚

°C
III. Draw conclusion
Since the freezing point of the solution is within the lowest temperature of
the ice bath, the solution will freeze and your lab partner will not go out with you.
14.
I. Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq)⇒ CaCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
ℎ (𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚)
II. 𝑃𝑡rapped air = Pbar -
13.6
48.50𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑡rapped air = 756 mmHg - = 752.4338235 mmHg
13.6
Since 1 mmHg = 1 torr; 𝑃𝑡rapped air = 752.4338235 torr

III. 𝑃dry air = 𝑃𝑡rapped air - 𝑃water vapor ; 1 mmHg = 1 torr

𝑃dry air = 752.4338235 torr - 19.8 torr = 732.6338235 torr

𝑃𝑉
IV. nH2 =
𝑅𝑇
Prepared by: UPD College of Science Freshie Shiftee Transferee Circle ‘18-’19 First Semester

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 1𝐿
(732.6338235 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 𝑥 )(38.2 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 )
760 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 1000 𝑚𝐿
nH2 = 𝐿 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.519675251 x 10-3
(0.0821 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾)(22 + 273.15 𝐾)

mol H2
V. Use Combined Gas Law where P1 = 𝑃dry air ; V1 = 38.2 mL (from problem); T1 = 22 oC;
P2 = 760 torr (STP: 1 atm = 760 torr), T2 = 273.15 K (STP: 0oC = 273.15 K)
𝑃1 𝑥 𝑉1 𝑥 𝑇2 (732.6338235 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟)(38.2 𝑚𝐿)(273.15 𝐾)
V2 = = = 34.07965211
𝑃2 𝑥 𝑇1 (760 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟)(295.15 𝐾)
mL
15.
A. Favors to the right (forward reaction); increase in reactants leads to production of
more products
B. Favors to the right (forward reaction); increase in reactants leads to production of
more products
C. Favors to the right (forward reaction); decrease in products
D. Favors to the right (forward reaction); heat is considered as a reactant and increase
in reactants leads to production of more products
16.
I. Calculate for the concentration of H+
1.44 𝑔 1 𝑜𝑧 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 +
𝑜𝑧
(0.0295735 𝐿) (0.350𝐿) (192.124 𝑔) (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 )= 0.266113829 mol H+
6 8 7

II. Calculate for pH

0.266113829 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑝𝐻 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) =0.35 ; strongly acidic ; red beverage
0.350 + 0.250 𝐿

III. Additional note:

Commercially available lemonade has an approximate pH of 2. The solved pH in the
problem assumes as if lemonade is only composed of citric acid and water, which is
not the case of real lemonade, and that explains the low pH obtained. Different
compounds contribute to the pH of lemonade, not just citric acid.
17.
𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑃H2 + 𝑃H2O ⇒𝑃H2 = 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 - 𝑃H2O = (769 - 17.5) mmHg = 752 mmHg
𝑃𝑉
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ⇒ 𝑛 =
𝑅𝑇
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃 = 752 mmHg ×
760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔= 0.989 atm
Prepared by: UPD College of Science Freshie Shiftee Transferee Circle ‘18-’19 First Semester

𝑉 = 156 mL = 0.156 L
𝑇 = (20 + 273) K = 293 K
𝑃𝑉 0.989 𝑎𝑡𝑚 × 0.156 𝐿
𝑛= = = 0.00641 mol H2
𝑅𝑇 0.0821 𝐿∙𝑎𝑡𝑚/(𝐾∙𝑚𝑜𝑙) × 293 𝐾
2.02 𝑔
0.00641 mol H2 ×
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.0129 g H2
18. Al2(SO4)3(s) →2Al3+(aq) + 3SO42-(aq)
Therefore, assume 𝑖 = 5.
Δ𝑇𝑓 = 𝑖𝐾𝑓𝑚 = 5 × 1.86oC/𝑚 × 0.010 𝑚 = 0.093oC
Estimated freezing point of the solution: 0.000oC - 0.093oC = −0.093oC
19. B
A. Because the reaction is endothermic, the system will absorb heat from the
environment. The heat taken from the solution and into the reaction will cause a
decrease in the temperature of the solution, not an increase.
B. Because reaction is endothermic, it takes in heat from the surroundings into the
system. With the reaction as the system and the surrounding solution as the
surroundings, the reaction increased in energy while the solution decreased in
energy. This decrease in energy is seen in a decrease in temperature for the solution.
C. By virtue of the fact that the reaction is endothermic, this means there was a net
increase in heat within the reaction after the reaction took place. This change in heat
is seen in the temperature change.
D. The answer can be determined
20. C
A. The IMFA between unlike molecules are greater than IMFA between like molecules
in an exothermic reaction in a solution.
B. Temperature increases in an exothermic reaction due to the release of heat.
C. There is a strong IMFA between unlike molecules in an exothermic reaction.
Consequently, volatility is reduced. This means that lesser molecules are vaporized.
Thus, vapor pressure decreases.
D. Greater attraction between unlike molecules than like molecules will cause volume
to decrease.