CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The car of the future will be safer for passengers and other road users, and offer pay-as-you-go
insurance and payment services. In total, the connected car will offer a more compelling
ownership and driving experience. The automotive Industry is a growth Industry. It has broken
records after records in recent years. The Indian automobile industry has emerged as the 7th
largest in the world. But along with the record growth, the industry is also facing challenges.
Consumer expectations are transforming. New Technologies are dramatically changing, from the
advent of 'Connected Cars' and enhanced Driver support to better fuel efficiency or new or
improved power trains. The marriage of cars and the Internet opens up a host of new possibilities
for the entire automotive industry, providers of Inter-net services, and their customers. This trend
analysis focuses on the trends involved in the use of these features, and on the challenges,
opportunities, and risks this development entails.

Beyond the basic concept of a connected vehicle equipped with Internet access, new markets
have emerged, such as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I),Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-
Cloud (V2C), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X).

Connected Vehicle Program should take to identify and exploit opportunities to help ensure that
connected vehicles and connected transportation fulfill their potential to improve safety,
mobility, and environmental outcomes in a complexly interdependent and multimodal
environment. This paper describes such an environment in terms of a smart/connected city.

In short, smart/connected cities are a system of interconnected systems, including energy

distribution, employment, health care, public services, retail/entertainment, residences, and not
least, transportation.

1
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The challenge in India is more complex than inventing brilliant new technologies. India faces
issues in fuel infrastructure, road infrastructure, and price. The challenge now is to catch our
infrastructure up to the demand and the opportunity is to leapfrog the polluting industrial phase
experienced in the Western world. As an automotive company, our responsibility sensitivity. We
need to look at these holistically when we design solutions for tomorrow's world.

Improvements in road infrastructure have to be supported with the Investments in Advance

Technology solutions for smart, intelligent and responsive transportation system to emerge.
These smart systems would ensure better passenger service as well as improved asset utilization
of operator. Real time Traffic Monitoring System, Synchronized Signaling system, Automated
fare Collection system, Global Position system (GPS) based vehicle location Monitoring and
Connected Vehicles are some of the Advance features that can make transportation more
interactive and efficient.

Motorization:- Indian cities have registered an astronomical growth in registered motor vehicles
in the last decade. Booming economy, aspirations to own a car, unmatched public transport (with
respect to demand, comfort or both), the government's encouraging policies (open car market,
easy loan schemes), etc. are a few reasons for increasing motorization at a rapid rate. From 1981
to2001, population increased by 1.9 times in six major metropolises but the number of motor
vehicles increased by 7.75 times1.

Effects on safety:- Safety is another important goal of transportation, and as, it is a major
worrying issue in India because of the ever-increasing trend of road fatalities. In India, the
number of road deaths is increasing every year whereas in European countries such as Germany,
Sweden, England, Denmark, etc. the numbers are either stagnant or reducing which indicates
their higher sustainability levels.

Effects on environment :-I f we consider the current state of sector-wise carbon emissions , it
can be observed that the transport sector has a major share of 26% of total carbon emissions as
compared to other sectors, such as energy, manufacturing, residential, commercial, etc. Also,
within the emissions from the transport sector, road transport has a major share of 65% as
compared to rail, air and water transport.
2
 CHAPTER 2

2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 TELEMATICS
The word ―telematics‖ stems from the combination of telecommunications and informatics, and
it was the joining of these two sciences that resulted in the field of telematics. In its broadest
sense telematics actually includes the internet itself, since it combines telecommunications
(phone lines, cables, etc.) with informatics (such as computer systems). However, the term is
now more commonly used to apply to vehicle telematics, where location information is used in
different business applications. This article will focus on vehicle telematics, since it is one of the
primary uses for this technology. We will consider how the technology originated and developed
over the years.

Some different applications of a vehicle telematics system include:

 Vehicle tracking — Vehicles can be tracked using a combination

of GPS satellites, GPS receivers, GPRS (cell phone) networks and cloud computing.
A GPS receiver downloads information on its current location from GPS satellites,
processing it for use with applications such as driver navigation, as well as transmitting
that information via GPRS to the web servers (cloud computing) used by office-based
staff for activities such as dispatching the nearest driver to a new job.
 Trailer tracking — Long-haul fleets often attach GPS trackers to articulated trailers to
make sure they don't go missing, and these same devices can route pick-up drivers
directly to the stationary trailer. Truck drivers can tag the location in their GPS unit when
unhitching a trailer and those GPS coordinates can be easily passed on to another driver,
allowing them to route directly to the trailer.
 Insurance risk assessment — Insurance companies can use telematics to monitor driver
behavior, allowing them to more accurately determine their risk factor and adjust their
insurance premiums accordingly. GPS units can also report when a vehicle is used in a
location outside a designated area, a capability that is useful in situations such as offering
specific 'off-road' farm vehicle discounts.
3
2.1.1 TELEMATICS - THE FUTURE

Vehicle telematics is poised to keep growing exponentially as computer applications are

developed to take advantage of the growing number of GPS units, increased processing power
and widespread use of mobile devices. Growth since 2007 has been in double-digits as more and
more fleets recognize the necessity of monitoring fleet activity closely to control costs and
ensure compliance with government regulations.

The future of telematics will largely be determined by the needs of fleet owners who continue to
look for ways to cut costs, boost productivity and improve accountability. Vehicle makers are
likely to capitalize on this growth by installing OEM telematics solutions as they continue to
develop smart cars that use telematics technology to deliver better results for customers.

The most important trends and challenges in Vehicle Telematics:

The global connected car market is primarily driven by the changing consumer preference and
growing awareness about safety and security. The growing need for connectivity and
government mandates are also supporting the growth of this market.

Some of the factors inhibiting the growth of this market are as below

 High cost of hardware

 Risk of distraction by driver

 Rapid advancements in network technology serve as an opportunity

 Fuelling the growth of this market.

The connected cars market has been segmented based on technology into 4G (LTE), 3G (UMTS,
HSPA, HSPA+), and 2G (GSM, GPRS, EDGE). Based on connectivity solutions the market is
segmented into embedded, tethered, and integrated. Navigation, telematics, and infotainment are
the various applications considered in the scope.

4
2.2 INTERNET OF THINGS
The next big thing after consumer electronics, computers, and mobile phones is the ―Internet of
Things‖ (IoT) which connects all of them in a homogenous way so that they can talk to each
other.

The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to billions of physical devices around the world that are
now connected to the internet, collecting and sharing data. This adds a level of digital
intelligence to devices that would be otherwise dumb, enabling them to communicate without a
human being involved, and merging the digital and physical worlds. A light bulb that can be
switched on using a Smartphone app is an IoT device, as is a motion sensor or a smart
thermostat in your office or a connected streetlight. An IoT device could be as fluffy as a child's
toy or as serious as a driverless truck, or as complicated as a jet engine that's now filled with
thousands of sensors collecting and transmitting data. At an even bigger scale, smart cities
projects are filling entire regions with sensors to help us understand and control the environment.

Fig 2.1: Internet of Things

Home security systems make it easier to monitor what's going on inside and outside, or to see
and talk to visitors. Meanwhile, smart thermostats can help us heat our homes before we arrive
back, and smart light bulbs can make it look like we're home even when we're out.

5
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 CONNECTED CARS AND THE ROLE OF TELEMATICS IN

TRANSPORT
Connecting cars are transforming the driving experience across the world. From driverless cars
to real-time traffic updates and on-demand infotainment, telematics has endless potential to
vastly improve the efficiency and safety, as well as the enjoyment of drivers on the nation‘s
roads. The benefits of telematics do not only apply to the driver. Car manufacturers, for example,
are able to use telematics to build the brand experience and better understand customers.
Whereas for auto insurance providers and fleet service managers, telematics can help make
intelligent business decisions to ultimately improve products and services such as lower
insurance premiums and faster delivery of goods. The benefits that telematics will bring to
drivers and businesses are limitless; however, here are four real examples on how telematics will
transform the future of driving and intelligent transport systems:

3.1.1 SMOOTHING TRAFFIC CONGESTION

Connected cars have the potential to reduce the likelihood of traffic congestion on city roads and
smooth traffic flow creating greater fuel efficiency and driver safety. Advances in connectivity
such as in-vehicle diagnostics are steadily taking the guess work away from the driver. With the
insight where technology is headed, we can expect road congestion to be thing of the past within
the next decade or so.

3.1.2 PROVIDING ACTIONABLE INSIGHTS FOR INSURERS

The use of telematics provides limitless opportunities to convert data into insights and action.
For car insurance providers in particular, the behavioral, traffic, and location data that telematics
can collect enable them to generate more intelligent risk forecasting in order to determine more
customized premiums. Insurers are also able to utilize this vehicle connectivity to identify
accidents in real- me - capturing a higher percentage of the repair business as a result and
meaning they will be able to reach out to customers immediately. Subsequently, this reduces the
leakage of repair work to independent repairers.

6
3.1.3 STEERING THE DRIVERLESS CAR REVOLUTION

Global production of self-driving cars is forecast to reach 14.5 million over the next 10 years,
with more than 22 million of the vehicles expected to be in use by consumers in 2025. As
autonomous vehicles become more widely adopted, any accidents will most likely be treated as
product liability claims. Whether the car is autonomous or not, telematics can pinpoint the causes
of any incident or accident, so for manufacturers, telematics can provide the necessary
information needed to develop better safety features. For instance, if a driverless car is involved
in a crash with a pedestrian or another car, the data gathered will be able to conclude who is
liable – whether caused by human error, manufacturing fault or system glitch.

3.1.4 IMPROVING FLEET MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Fleet services have traditionally been highly bespoke and expensive. However, widespread
adoption of connected services in the consumer segment will disrupt the traditional model.
While GPS technology can track an individual vehicle‘s location, status and speed, this doesn‘t
enable the information to be detected across a fleet service. A fleet telematics solution is hence
needed to enable vehicle tracking - providing a variety of benefits to businesses that rely on
rapid delivery of products and/ or services. Moreover using information provided via
telematics, fleet services can also better allocate resources; manage fuel and costs.

Fig 3.1: Role of Telematics in Vehicles

7
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 SMART TRAILS AND CONNECTED CARS

While travelling on the Indian roads, one often comes across the persistent problems of traffic
jams, long queues at the toll booths, mixing of traffic on roads by different vehicles, i.e. same
roads used by high speed cars, trucks, 2 wheelers, cyclists and even animals. Safety & security
needs to be ensured while people are on the move. As per Ministry of Statistics, Govt. of India,
1, 69,107 lives were lost on the Indian roads due to road accidents alone in 2014. Security of
girls in the public vehicles has become a national issue. Pollution on the roads is bound to
adversely affect the health of citizens if correct measures are not taken on me. How and when
are we going to address these issues?

Intelligent transportation Systems (ITS) seems to provide a solution for many of these
problems. The system comes with a SOS button to alarm the command center regarding safety
& security of the passengers. The live data of all these public vehicles are being monitored at
the central command servers. These systems are also being used to ensure the entry of only
authorized vehicles in the mining fields of Orissa.

4.2 ON BOARD DIAGNOSTICS

OBD stands for ―On-Board Diagnostics.‖ It is a computer-based system originally designed to

reduce emissions by monitoring the performance of major engine components.

A basic OBD system consists of an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), which uses input from
various sensors (e.g., oxygen sensors) to control the actuators (e.g., fuel injectors) to get the
desired performance. The ―Check Engine‖ light, also known as the MIL (Malfunction Indicator
Light), provides an early warning of malfunctions to the vehicle owner. A modern vehicle can
support hundreds of parameters, which can be accessed via the DLC (Diagnostic Link
Connector) using a device called a scan tool.

8
 Fig 4.1: On Board Diagnostics

There are two kinds of on-board diagnostic systems: OBD-I and OBD-II.

OBD-I

OBD-I refers to the first generation OBD systems which were developed throughout the 1980s.
These early systems use proprietary connectors, hardware interfaces, and protocols. A mechanic
who wanted to access diagnostic information typically had to buy a tool for every different
vehicle make. OBD-I scan tools that support multiple protocols are supplied with an array of
different adapter cables.

OBD-II

In the early 1990s, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and International Standardization
Organization (ISO) issued a set of standards which described the interchange of digital
information between ECUs and a diagnostic scan tool. All OBD-II compliant vehicles were
required to use a standard diagnostic connector (SAE J1962), and communicate via one of the
standard OBD-II communication protocols.

OBD-II was first introduced in model year (MY) 1994 vehicles, and became a requirement for
all cars and light trucks starting with MY1996.

9
4.3 TYPES OF IN-VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS
In-vehicle networking: This refers to exchange of data between various automotive electronic
control units (ECU) which are part of the vehicle network. Automotive Protocols like CAN
(Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), MOST (Media Oriented Systems
Transport) are defined for in-vehicle network communication. Usually this is a broadcast
network and one can add listen-only nodes easily.

Vehicle Diagnostics/External communication: Vehicle Diagnostics communication is used for

diagnosis and repair of vehicle sub-systems or ECU. This type of communication is useful for
monitoring and reporting of system malfunction monitoring and vehicle parameters. An external
tool may be used to re-configure and re-flash the ECU to rectify the malfunction. Vehicle
Diagnostics is a query-response communication.

.OBD II protocol and Vehicle Diagnostics Communication:

 OBD II qualifies as a protocol for vehicle diagnostics communication (query-response
communication).
 OBD II is a part of emission legislation. Hence it follows the CARB (California Air
Resources Board) initiated protocol mandates. OBD II protocol monitors parameters in
emission relevant ECUs as per the guidelines of CARB.

 OBD II also follows CARB guidelines for data storage and data accessibility to be
provided to the external scan tools.

Fig 4.2: OBD- II

10
 CHAPTER 5

5.1 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE

Human-machine interface (HMI) is a component of certain devices that are capable of handling
human-machine interactions. The interface consists of hardware and software that allow user
inputs to be translated as signals for machines that, in turn, provide the required result to the user.
Human-machine interface technology has been used in different industries like electronics,
entertainment, military, medical, etc. Human-machine interfaces help in integrating humans into
complex technological systems.

Fig 5.1 Human Machine Interface

A good HMI is able to provide realistic and natural interactions with external devices. The
advantages provided by incorporating HMIs include error reduction, increased system and user
efficiency, improved reliability and maintainability, increased user acceptance and user comfort,
reduction in training and skill requirements etc.

Touch screens and membrane switches can be considered as examples of HMIs. HMI technology
is also widely used in virtual and flat displays, pattern recognition, Internet and personal
computer access, data input for electronic devices, and information fusion.

11
Currently, the connected vehicle environment includes three major approaches to
communication:

 Vehicle to vehicle (V2V)

 Vehicle to pedestrian (V2P)
 Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I)

5.1.1 VEHICLE TO VEHICLE (V2V)

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications comprises a wireless network where automobiles

send messages to each other with information about what they‘re doing. This data would include
speed, location, and direction of travel, braking, and loss of stability. Vehicle-to-vehicle
technology uses dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). Sometimes it‘s described as
being a WiFi network because one of the possible frequencies is 5.9GHz, which is used by WiFi,
but it‘s more accurate to say ―WiFi-like.‖ The range is up to 300 meters or 1000 feet or about 10
seconds at highway speeds. V2V would be a mesh network, meaning every node (car, smart
traffic signal, etc.) could send, capture and retransmit signals. Cars will communicate with each
other and alert drivers to roadside hazards ahead.

Fig 5.2 Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)

12
5.1.2 VEHICLE TO PEDESTRAIN (V2P)
The system includes a first device for vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, the first device
operable by a pedestrian, and a vehicle operable by a driver including a second device for
vehicle-to-pedestrian communication. The system is configured to provide an alert via at least
one of the first device and second device to at least one of the driver and the pedestrian.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of detecting a pedestrian. The
method includes communicating a first message with a first device for vehicle-to-pedestrian
communication. The first device is operable by a pedestrian. The method further includes
receiving the first message with a second device for vehicle to pedestrian communication and
providing an alert to a user of a vehicle including the second device, the alert indicative of at
least one aspect of the first message.

Fig 5.3: Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P)

13
5.1.3 VEHICLE TO INFRASTRUCTURE
Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I or v2i) is a communication model that allows vehicles to share
information with the components that support a country's highway system. Such components
include overhead RFID readers and cameras, traffic lights, lane markers, streetlights, signage and
parking meters. V2I communication is typically wireless and bi-directional: data from
infrastructure components can be delivered to the vehicle over an ad hoc network and vice
versa. Similar to vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, V2I uses dedicated short range
communication (DSRC) frequencies to transfer data. In an intelligent transportation system
(ITS), V2I sensors can capture infrastructure data and provide travelers with real-time advisories
about such things as road conditions, traffic congestion, accidents, construction zones and
parking availability. Likewise, traffic management supervision systems can use infrastructure
and vehicle data to set variable speed limits and adjust traffic signal phase and timing (Spat) to
increase fuel economy and traffic flow. The hardware, software and firmware that make
communication between vehicles and roadway infrastructure is an important part of all driverless
car initiatives.

Fig 5.4: Vehicle to Infrastructure

14
 CHAPTER 6

6.1 THE CAR AS A TECHNOLOGY HUB

The present generations of cars are already full of electronics. In fact, cars have the highest
densities of electronic components among all consumer machines. A car today is powered by a
plethora of technologies. In addition to the more traditional solutions such as stability control,
anti-lock braking systems, and airbags, newer technologies including autonomous breaking,
night vision, and active safety are used to address safety and security issues.

Infotainment and telematics are addressed by technologies that enable positioning and location-
based services, smart traffic management, car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication,
and possible in the future, autonomous driving. Technologies in shift-by-wire, engine
downsizing, engine control, street predictability, and vehicle electrification address the
powertrain/fuel economy domain. The Internet of Cars turns into a complete platform in the
Internet of Everything.

These technologies are categorized under three domains:

 Infotainment & telematics.

 Power train/fuel economy
 Safety & security
6.1.1 INFOTAINMENT AND TELEMATICS
Getting lost is one of the most frustrating driving experiences. With the increase in the
navigation systems, the frequency of this occurring has reduced.

Although GPS is a recognized technology in car navigation, the ability to receive signals from
several satellite systems to gather data from numerous sensors in the vehicle‘s network
(acceleration, speed, wheel angle) and to use this information will enhance response time and
accuracy in determining vehicle position and expand the service of this function beyond basic
navigation into applications related to safety.

15
A lot of people use connected technologies that are often enabled by smartphones or tablets in
their daily lives. The information streamed to people, the music that they listen to, the
communication channels that they establish, or their social media network that have become an
important part of their life.

The driver‘s focus needs to stay on the road and too many activation controls through finger
swipes and presses is risky. In the car platform, applications that require visual attention will
have to be reduced. The most suitable user interface will be both eyes- and hands-free. Voice-
activated commands will have a significant role to play inside a car.

6.1.1.1 SMART NAVIGATION

The term navigation system refers to a certain system that assists in navigation and is located
usually on board a vehicle or vessel, or could be elsewhere and communicate through signals, or
even combine all of the above. Smart Navigation resulted from the evolution in the technological
capabilities of navigation systems over time, also referred to as intelligent navigation
technologies. Depending on their use navigation systems may contain maps in a human readable
format, determine a vehicle or device‘s location, provide directions to a human via text or
speech, provide directions directly to an autonomous device such as a robot, share information
on nearby vehicles, devices, or objects, and even on traffic conditions and suggest alternative
routes.

Global positioning system (GPS) based vehicle location devices are used to track vehicles in
transit. However, this tracking technology suffers from inaccuracy and other limitations. In
addition, real-time tracking of vehicles through areas shielded from GPS satellites is difficult. In
this paper, the authors have addressed the implementation of a smart vehicle navigation system
capable of using radio frequency identification based on information about navigation paths.

 Smart Street Lightning

One significant application for Smart Cities is Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This key
technology allows with various services that can improve the daily life of citizens among
them Smart Street lightning, where lamps are part of a network that performs remote control
and maintenance.

16
 Mobile pedestrian navigation systems

More often than ever, mobile pedestrian navigation systems (PNSs) are gaining popularity
and could play an incremental part of Smart Cities developed a Mobile Navigation and
Tracking System (MNTS), to provide navigation and target tracking services combining
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Short Message Service (SMS), MNTS allows both
GPS navigation capability and Quick Response (QR) code decoding.

 Eco friendly traffic simulation

Sustainable cities of the future should be concerned and sensitive on the environmental
impact of congested areas with cars emissions and other daily activities. Various innovations
address the latter, for example the I-ROAD was developed as part of next-generation urban
traffic system navigation systems. The systems analyze traffic conditions by combining
ROAD use with public transit and last-mile mobility for the most efficient route to mobile
users.

Fig 6.1: Smart Navigation

17
6.1.1.2 SMART PARKING
In recent times the concept of smart cities have gained great popularity. Thanks to the evolution
of Internet of things the idea of smart city now seems to be achievable. Consistent efforts are
being made in the field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity and reliability of urban
infrastructure. Problems such as, traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road safety
are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, we present an IoT based cloud integrated smart
parking system. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT
module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability of each single parking space.
A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking
space and book a parking slot accordingly.

Fig 6.2: Smart Parking

18
6.1.2 POWER TRAIN AND FUEL ECONOMY
The Internet of Cars is also a large complex beast like the Internet of Everything, and needs a
system to establish its main functionalities and standards. Eventually, it will find its equilibrium
based on technologies that grant it value, function, and practicality. Sensors, processors as the
brain, low-power connectivity for data transfer and positioning devices, along with numerous
digital interfaces and analog to finish the product design are the main technology building blocks
in the Internet of Everything. STMicroelectronics has already developed these technologies into
a strong portfolio.

STMicroelectronics is also a lead player in automotive-wide technologies including

infotainment, telematics, and safety, body, advanced driver assistance systems, sensors,
powertrain, and positioning. STMicroelectronics has both highly efficient automotive-grade
manufacturing machine and in-house design expertise to tweak and expand its technology
offering to car manufacturers, system makers, and other stakeholders in the ecosystem to
successfully execute the Internet of Cars.

Fig 6.3 Power Train and fuel economy

19
6.1.3 SAFETY AND SECURITY
The number one concern for car users is safety. Cars connected together can assist each other to
be safer, much like the internet concept of using the strength of the connected masses. Equipped
with smart sensors that help to detect the surroundings of the car, connectivity to be online, and
satellite positioning to establish a relative location, cars can exchange information regarding road
and traffic conditions and other obstacles ahead.

Today, telematics applications can make emergency assistance calls automatically in case of
accidents. Maintenance of vehicle, which is the preventive route to car safety, is already being
significantly improved. Telematics also provides anti-theft features that enable tracking and
reporting of its whereabouts to the authorities. Driver habits and behavior data can be traced,
recorded, and transferred to insurance companies for analysis. This encourages safer and more
economical driving practices at the expense of some personal data.

6.1.3.1 E-CALL

In case of a crash, an e Call-equipped car automatically calls the nearest emergency center. Even
if no passenger is able to speak, e.g. due to injuries, a 'Minimum Set of Data' is sent, which
includes the exact location of the crash site. Shortly after the accident, emergency services
therefore know that there has been an accident, and where exactly. The severity of injuries will
be considerably reduced in tens of thousands of cases. You can also make an e Call by pushing a
button inside the car.

Fig 6.4: e Call

20
6.1.3.2 STOLEN VEHICLE TRACKING

Vehicle theft has always been and continues to be a big problem across the world. Over 370,000
vehicles are stolen every year all across the world leaving motorists stressed and in need of a
vehicle. Hence Track manic is offering a highly effective and versatile stolen vehicle monitoring,
tracking and recovery system designed specifically for companies and customers based in the
UK where vehicle theft is a growing problem.

 Motion Sensing Alert: If your vehicle is moved without the ignition on then you will be
alerted.
 Battery Backup: If vehicle battery is disconnected our device will operate for up to 1
month.
 GPS and GSM Blocker: Our system will detect any GSM or GPS Jamming system.
 Remote Engine Immobilization: We can switch off your vehicle remotely if stolen or
unauthorized usage.

By using our stolen vehicle tracking you can bring that risk down and this means you can also
bring down the cost of your vehicle insurance – something that most people would welcome in
the current financial climate.

Fig 6.5 Stolen Vehicle Tracking

21
6.1.3.3 DRIVING BEHAVIOR

Driver behavior is a contributing factor in over 90 percent of road crashes. As a consequence,

there is significant benefit in identifying drivers who engage in unsafe driving practices. Driver
behavior profiles (DBPs) are introduced here as an approach for evaluating driver behavior as a
function of the risk of a casualty crash. They employ data collected using global positioning
system (GPS) devices, supplemented with spatiotemporal information. The approach and
outcomes will be of interest to insurance companies in enhancing the risk-profiling of drivers
with on-road driving and government through assessing the impacts of behavior-change
interventions.

Fig 6.6 Driving Behavior

Behavior can change as a result of learning, provided we take up new strategies and practice
them until they become new scheme. A good example is the Look Up - Stay Back which needs
to be an automatic feature of our low risk driving based on an understanding of speed, distance
and stopping capability.

22
ADVANTAGES

When you own a vehicle, knowing where your cars are and how they are driving on the roads is
very important, especially when there are passengers involved. A taxi has a lot of responsibility
and even lives in their hands, and knowing how those vehicles drive on the road can prevent
complications in the future.

Cameras record everything that happens on the road, being a neutral party in recording the day-
to-day events. Like telematics, they help gain information about every vehicle and allow you to
know how the vehicles are being used.

Helps Improve Safety

The GPS tracking technology in telematics helps owners know when drivers run into issues, and
they are able to quickly communicate with local authorities to report them. If a vehicle breaks
down, another one can be sent to its location in a very short time. It minimizes delays and helps
with company costs.

Gains Customer Trust

A taxi with telematics and cameras will appeal to customers and their safety concerns. It will
prevent drivers from misleading customers into taking them through longer routes, as there is
proof of such deceits. Customers will feel safer knowing that the driver is being monitored and
that there is a record of everything the vehicle does while they are travelling in it. A tracking
system can also be used for customers to see where their drivers are and when they‘ll be arriving.

Reduces Insurance Costs

Companies with car might pay out a lot for insurance every month. GPS trackers will allow for
premium discounts, making sure you pay less. Cameras record accidents and clarify who was
responsible, and it discourages potential fake accidents from scammers who want to claim
accident money.

23
Safer drivers rewarded

Arguably the greatest advantage to black box insurance is that it makes the insurance premiums
fairer. With this insurance, driver insurance premiums are charged according to their actual
driving behavior.

Prevents theft

This monitoring technology also helps to prevent theft and enables the tracking of automobiles.
With GPS technology it is possible for insurance companies to determine the current location of
a stolen automobile. It is even possible to remotely disengage the ignition to make the car
immobile. This acts as a deterrent to stealing cars as well as making it easier to locate cars that
have been stolen. In turn this reduces auto theft insurance premiums because of reduced claims

DISADVANTAGES

High Technology Costs

Installing cameras on every vehicle can be costly, not accounting for the maintenance and
monitoring costs. Removing the cameras might also come at a cost, especially if new vehicles
are brought in to replace other models regularly.

Driving to Appease the Technology

Telematics record what a vehicle does and not what a driver is doing. Drivers might have to
make decisions that may be necessary to avoid accidents or other issues. However, they might
feel the need to act in other, less safe ways in order to avoid having their driving recorded as
dangerous.

Privacy Concerns

Disclosing personal data is always a tricky subject, as it might compromise any private details.
There is the possibility of private information falling into the wrong hands and being distributed
on a wide scale; knowing the exact routes of all vehicles in a fleet might also make them more
susceptible to theft.

24
 CHAPTER 7

7.0 CONCLUSIONS

Connected vehicles will be deployed in smart/connected cities. Smart/connected cities are

effectively systems of systems, including employment, health care, public services,
retail/entertainment, and transportation. As the data-linked parts of the transportation system,
connected vehicles will be interfacing with the other systems in the smart/connected city. This
presents opportunities for cross-industry coordination that have yet to be identified or realized.

The telematics system today is not limited to just tracking a path on the map but connectivity and
telematics have the potential to safeguard and improve the overall transportation infrastructure.
To improve overall transportation some key factors are playing a crucial role in advancing
telematics technology as a response to such challenges. Firstly, rising role of IoT where
consumers want vehicles that are safer, entertaining, more efficient and better equipped to cope
with congested urban driving environments. Secondly, rising awareness amongst buyers over the
necessity and importance of connected services which will drive the market demand for
telematics in coming years and lastly, the growing demand for automotive safety where the
current telematics environment is not only capable of reporting data on driving behavior but also
can track vehicle performance, sending information pertaining to maintenance issues, vehicle
location and crash reports.

Fully autonomous vehicles will turn cars into mobile extensions of our homes and offices,
completely changing the driving experience. Now is the time to capitalize on the promise of a
future with connected cars, and establish a solid foundation for the future digital innovations that
are sure to come. Telematics will introduce a convergence of multiple connected processes.
Automakers can greatly benefit by not restricting these innovations to the basic capabilities of
this technology.

25
 REFERENCES

[1] Gibson, D.V., Kozmetsky, G., & Smilor, R.W. The Technopolis Phenomenon: Smart Cities,
Fast Systems, Global Networks. Rowman & Littlefield, 1992.
[2] Harrison, C. & Abbott Donnelly, I. "A Theory of Smart Cities." White Paper, 2011.
[3] Humphries, C. "The too-smart city: We're already building the metropolis of the future -
green, wired, even helpful. Now critics are starting to ask whether we'll really want to live
there." The Boston Globe, May 19, 2013.
[4] D. Singh, G. Tripathi, and A. J. Jara, ―A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision,
architecture, challenges and services,‖ in Proc. IEEE World Forum Internet Things (WF-
IoT), Mar. 2014, pp. 287–292.
[5] J. Rivera and R. van der Meulen, ―Gartner says 6.4 billion connected ‗things‘ will be in use
in 2016, up 30 percent from 2015,‖ Gartner, Stamford, CT, USA, Tech. Rep., Nov. 2014.
[6] J. McLeod, ―How the smart phone is driving the Internet-of-Things,‖Kilopass Technol. Inc.,
San Jose, CA, USA, Tech. Rep., Aug. 2013.
[7] L. Goasduff and A. A. Forni, ―Gartner says worldwide sales of smartphones grew 7 percent
in the fourth quarter of 2016,‖ Gartner, Stamford, CT, USA, Tech. Rep., Feb. 2017.
[8] Z. Xu, Z. D. Chen, and H. Nie, ―Handheld computers: Smartphone centric wireless
applications,‖ IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 36–44, Mar. 2014.
[9] ―Global consumer telematics systems market,‖ IndustryARC, Telangana, India, Tech. Rep.,
Oct. 2014.
[10]―Automotive telematics market,‖ Markets Markets, Maharashtra, India, Tech. Rep. AT 2658,
Aug. 2014.

26