DISASTER MANAGEMENT

International Day for Disaster Reduction - 13 October 2010

• The "Making Cities Resilient" campaign of the UN International

Strategy for Disaster Reduction aims to increase the wellbeing and
safety of citizens and builds on previous campaigns focusing on the
safety of hospitals and schools.
 Some hazards may cause emergencies; not all
become disasters.

DEFINITIONS:

• “ Disaster” Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or
deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or area

A “natural disaster” is an ecological disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected
community.

• An "emergency" is defined as a state in which normal procedures are suspended and extra-
ordinary measures are taken in order to avert the impact of a hazard on the community.

• A "hazard" is any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to the
community, e.g. earthquake, flood, typhoon, and cyclone.

• Vulnerability is the degree to which a population or an individual is unable to anticipate, cope

with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters. It is a function of susceptibility and
resilience.

• Resilience is a community’s ability to withstand the damage caused by emergencies and

disasters; it is a function of the various factors that allow a community to recover from
emergencies.

• Susceptibility concerns the factors operating in a community that allow a hazard to cause an
emergency (disaster), e.g., proximity to hazard, or level of development.

• TSUNAMI

A tsunami is an ocean wave generated by a submarine earthquake, volcano or landslide.

 CLASSIFICATION OF EARTHQUAKES

Category Magnitude on Richter Scale

Slight Upto 4.9

Moderate 5.0 to 6.9

Great 7.0 to 7.9

Very Great 8.0 and more

 Communication Procedures
Manpower

Emergency
Evacuation Plans/ Management Systems Materials/ Aids
Shelter (EMS) required

Recovery Transportation
Types of Disasters :

Types of Disasters

That is Weather related

These are of sudden
onset, unforeseen,
serious and immediate
threats to public health.
NATURAL DISASTERS

• Cyclones
• River Erosion
• Landslides & Avalanches
• Earthquakes
• Floods
• Forest Fires
• Tsunami
MAN MADE DISASTERS:

• Nuclear Disaster
• Chemical Disaster
• Mine Disaster
• Biological Disaster
• Cyber Terrorism
• Environmental Disaster
 PRE DISASTER PLANNING

PRE DISASTER PLANNING

Include activities related to

Environment

people
Disaster Impact

Rehabilitation PRIMARY
includes HEALTH CARE
• water supply
• food safety
• Sanitation
• Vector control
 DISASTER IMPACT

RISK REDUCTION PHASE

• mitigation
• preparedness
RECOVERY PHASE
• Response
• rehabilitation
• reconstruction
DEFINITIONS:

• Mitigation and prevention are actions aimed at reducing or eliminating

the impact of future hazard events, by avoiding the hazard or
strengthening resistance to it.
• Mitigation comprises measures taken in advance of a disaster aimed at
decreasing or eliminating its impact on society and the environment.

• Preparedness comprises activities designed to minimize loss of life and

damage, to organize the temporary removal of people and property from
a threatened location, and facilitate timely and effective rescue, relief and
rehabilitation.
• Prevention involves activities designed to provide permanent protection
from disasters.
DISASTER MANANGEMENT OR
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
OR DISASTER CYCLE:

1. Disaster Response
2. Disaster Preparedness
3. Disaster Mitigation

DISASTER
IMPACT

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE

MITIGATION REHABILITATION

RISK REDUCTION RECONSTRUCTION

PHASE BEFORE A
DISASTER
RECOVERY PHASE AFTER A DISASTER
PRE DISASTER ACTIVITIES:

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Coordinating
• Reporting budgeting

MORBIDITY FROM DISASTER:

• Injuries
• Emotional stress
• Epidemic of disease
• Increase in indigenous diseases
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE:

1. Response
This component refers to actions taken in close anticipation of,
during and immediately after impact to ensure that disaster effects are
minimized and people are given immediate relief and support.

2. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction:

This component refers to the coordinated process of supporting
disaster-affected communities in rebuilding lives after the disaster: repairing
infrastructure, regaining livelihood or in most cases, changing it, and
psychosocial support. By rebuilding lives together, rehabilitating functions,
reconstructing physical infrastructure, restoring emotional, social, economic and
physical well-being, a community can work towards development.
 3. Prevention and Mitigation:
This component refers to measures designed either to prevent
hazards from causing emergencies or to lessen the likely effects of emergencies.
It involves regulatory and physical measures to ensure that emergencies are
prevented or their effects mitigated. These measures include flood mitigation
works, appropriate land use planning, improved building codes and relocation
or protection of vulnerable populations and structures.

4. Preparedness
 This component refers to arrangements to ensure that, should an
emergency/ disaster occur, all those resources and services which may be
needed to cope with the effects can be rapidly mobilized and deployed. This
requires that emergency plans be developed, personnel at all levels and in all
sectors be trained, communities at risk be educated and that these measures be
monitored and evaluated regularly.

EFFECT OF DISASTER:

• Loss or damage to human and animal life

• Disruption of community services like water supply, sanitation, electricity,
communication, public health services etc.
• Spread of communicable diseases
• Disruption of normal activities
• Destruction of or damage to private and public property

Response includes

Field care

Search Rescue and First aid

Triage

Tagging

Identify dead
Social reactions following a disaster

Using biological weapons for mass killings in

order to threaten mankind like anthrax used
in USA.

The dangerous viruses are available in

research labs in case of a security lapse
they are accessible and used for mass
destruction.
 SUMMARIZE

Disasters are managed

by coordinated efforts of
a team comprising of
people from different including those
disciplines and sectors belonging to the
medical profession.

SURVEILLANCE CYCLE
It is the continuous scrutiny of factors that
determine the occurrence and distribution of
disease.

It is for effective control and prevention

It includes collection ,analysis ,interpretation ,and

distribution of relevant data for action.