WHO IS MELANIE KLEIN?

• Born in Austria 1882. Polish Hungarian Jewish. Youngest of 4.

• Mother: Shop keeper, neurotic, manipulative, controlled everything. Preffered her brother. Despite
this, she was close with her mother and brother (father figure)

• Father: physician dentist, favored Emilie

• Klein married 1903 —> 3 children

• Discovered psychoanalysis; therapy with Ferenczi (psychoanalysis with children)

• Left husband 1920, divorced 1926 — new therapist Karl Abraham — terminally ill

• Moved to London with youngest son left 2 to complete education

• Bad relationship with Melitta

• 1934 Hans (son) died in climbing accident:Melitta said suicide

• Ex husband died 1939: Emilie 1940

• Only receives success just before dying in hospital 1960

PSYCHIC LIFE OF INFANT

• Important: first 4 or 6 months

• Phylogenetic Endowment

• PHANTASY = good or bad

•OBJECT =internalized image

PSYCHIC DEFENSE MECHANISM

Introjection - outer world/objects taken into self to become part of inner world.

Projection - aggressive/envious feelings (badness) passed onto other people or repressed to

unconscious.

Splitting - good and bad. As splitting diminishes experiences more balanced, bad less bad, good less
good.

Projective Identification - feeling that they have become like that object
Transitional Objects - dealing with separation

VIEWS ON OBJECT RELATIONS

MARGARET MAHLER

-first 3 years of life

1. Normal Autism

-objectless stage

2. Normal Symbiosis

- "dual unity within one common boundary"

3. Separation - individuation

-personal identity

a. differentiation

b. practicing

c. rapprochement

-rapprochement crisis

d. libidinal object constancy

-inner representation of mother

HEINZ KOHUT

•core if human personality

(x) innate instinctual drives

(/) human relatedness

Self - center of individual's psychological universe

- center of initiative and recipient of impressions

Narcissistic needs:

1) need to exhibit grandoise self (mirroring)

2) need to acquire idealized image of one or more parents

JOHN BOWLBY'S ATTACHMENT THEORY

- Attachment theory from Trilogy Attachment & Loss

3 Stages of Separation Anxiety

1. Protest Stage

2. Despair

3.Detachment

Assumptions:

1. Infants need to know that the caregiver is accessible and dependable

2. Bonding relationship

MARY AINSWORTH & STRANGE SITUATION

- 20 min. Lab session

3 Attachment style ratings

Secure attachment

= Infants are happy, enthusiastic and initiate contact.

Anxious - resistant attachment style

= ambivalent when mother leaves the room. Upset when mother back

Anxious-avoidant
= Calm. Ignore and avoid mother when back.

Concept of Humanity

Determinism vs. Free choice

Pessimistic vs. Optimistic

Causality vs. Teleology

Unconcious vs. Concious

Biological vs. Social

Uniqueness vs. Similarity