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Reinforced Concrete Jacketing-Interface Influence On
Reinforced Concrete Jacketing-Interface Influence On
Reinforced Concrete Jacketing-Interface Influence On
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Reinforced concrete (RC) jacketing is most frequently used to connectors on the strength of concrete against concrete
strengthen columns. The common practice to prepare the interface joints. Pull-off tests, slant shear tests, and push-off tests were
is empirically based and consists on increasing the surface roughness, performed and it was concluded that: 1) sandblasting is the
applying a bonding agent and eventually steel connectors. An best roughness treatment between those adopted; 2) the use
experimental study was performed to analyze the influence of the
of epoxy resins does not improve the interface strength if
interface treatment on the structural behavior of columns strengthened
by RC jacketing. Seven column-footing, full-scale models were sandblasting is used; 3) adding an HSC increases the inter-
built. Three months later, the columns were strengthened by RC face strength; and 4) the use of steel connectors does not
jacketing after their surface had been prepared considering different significantly increases the interface debonding stress,
techniques. Later, the models were tested under monotonic loading. It although, after that, shear stress is highly dependent on the
was concluded that, for current undamaged columns (that is, relation between the cross section area of steel connectors
where a bending moment-shear force ratio is greater than 1.0 m), a and the area of the interface.
monolithic behavior of the composite element can be achieved Based on these conclusions, seven column-footing, full-
even without increasing their surface roughness, using bonding
scale models were built. Three months later, each column was
agents, or applying steel connectors before strengthening it by
RC jacketing. encased, considering different surface treatments. Twenty-
eight days later the models were tested under monotonic
loading. The objective of these tests was to analyze the
Keywords: concrete; strengthening; surface.
influence of the interface treatment on the structural behavior
of the strengthened column under monotonic loading.
INTRODUCTION
Jacketing is one of the most frequently used techniques to
RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) columns. With this
method, axial strength, bending strength, and stiffness of the The common practice to prepare a RC column to be
original column are increased. It is well known that the strengthened by jacketing is empirically based and consists on
success of this procedure is dependent on the monolithic increasing the roughness of the interface surface, applying a
behavior of the composite element. To achieve this purpose, bonding agent and eventually steel connectors. The main
the treatment of the interface must be carefully chosen. The objective of these procedures is to achieve a monolithic
common practice consists of increasing the roughness of the behavior of the composite element. The research study
interface surface and applying a bonding agent, normally an presented in this paper allows engineers to choose the
epoxy resin. Steel connectors are also occasionally applied. best treatment based on experimental results instead of
These steps involve specialized workmanship, time, and cost. empirical judgment.
Concerning the added concrete mixture and due to the reduced
thickness of the jacket, the option is usually a grout with EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and high- All models were built at the same time. The materials
strength concrete (HSC). chosen were concrete with 20 MPa characteristic
In published experimental studies on this subject, the compressive cylinder strength at 28 days and steel with
preparation of the column surface before jacketing is always 400 MPa characteristic yielding stress. The dimensions
referred to. Ramírez and Bárcena1 increased the roughness adopted for the original column cross section and for the
of the columns by chipping; Bett, Klingner, and Jirsa2 reinforced concrete jacket thickness were 0.20 x 0.20 m2 and
submitted models to light sandblasting; Alcocer and Jirsa,3 35 mm, respectively. The column height was 1.35 m and the
Gomes,4 and Gomes and Appleton5 used a chipping hammer corresponding jacket height was 0.90 m. The column was
to expose the outermost concrete aggregate; Rodriguez and symmetrically reinforced with three bars with 10 mm diameter
Park6 had the surface of columns lightly roughened by at each face. The longitudinal reinforcement of the jacket
chipping before jacketing; and Stoppenhagen, Jirsa, and was the same and it was anchored to the footing in a
Wyllie7 used an electric concrete hammer to roughen the predrilled hole of 250 mm depth, with a commercial epoxy
spandrels. Although researchers refer to the importance of resin. The transverse reinforcement of the column consisted
the interface behavior, a quantitative analysis of its influence of 6 mm diameter stirrups spaced 150 mm and the transverse
is never reported.8
An initial experimental study was performed by the ACI Structural Journal, V. 102, No. 2, March-April 2005.
authors9,10 to quantify in small specimens the influence of: MS No. 03-438 received October 20, 2003, and reviewed under Institute publication
policies. Copyright © 2005, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved, including
1) the roughness of the interface surface; 2) using a bonding the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Pertinent
discussion including author’s closure, if any, will be published in the January-February
agent; 3) the added concrete mixture; and 4) applying steel 2006 ACI Structural Journal if the discussion is received by September 1, 2005.