CARBOHYDRATES

PART 1
PRESENTED BY GROUP 1
 CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates (also known as saccharides) are molecular
compounds produced from just three components:

o Monosaccharide (e.g. glucose) and disaccharide (e.g. sucrose)

are comparatively tiny molecules. They're often called sugars.
o Other molecules of carbohydrate are very big
(polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose).
 CARBOHYDRATES

o source of energy for the body (glucose)

o building blocks for polysaccharides (giant carbohydrates)
o components of other molecules
e.g. DNA, RNA, glycolipids, glycoproteins, ATP
 G E N E R A L T E S T F O R C A R B O H Y D R A T E S

MOLISCH TEST
Molisch's test is a test named after Austrian botanist Hans
Molisch. It is a test for the presence of carbohydrates. Bas
ed on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by H2SO4, then
producing an aldehyde, that will condense with the Molisch
Reagent that will result to a violet color.
 G E N E R A L T E S T F O R C A R B O H Y D R A T E S

MOLISCH TEST
Molisch Reagent AND
REAGENT
H2SO4
POSITIVE VR VIOLET RING
DEHYDRATION REACTION
TYPE OF REACTION
CONDENSATION REACTION
GROUP DETECTED FURFURAL DERIVATIVE
CARBOHYDRATE
 G E N E R A L T E S T F O R C A R B O H Y D R A T E S

IODINE TEST
Iodine test is used to detect presence of
starch in biological materials.
Absorption complex between starch and iodine is formed and
can be dissociated by heating.
This complex is formed under neutral or acidic conditions.

Starch will appear as a blue colored complex with iodine.

When heated, color disappears.
When cooled, color reappears.
 G E N E R A L T E S T F O R C A R B O H Y D R A T E S

IODINE TEST
REAGENT IODINE SOLUTION
POSITIVE VR BLACK-BLUE SOLUTION
TYPE OF REACTION IODINE CLOCK REACTION
GROUP DETECTED COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDE (STARCH)
CARBOHYDRATE NON-REDUCING SUGARS
 C O M P A R A T I V E R E A C T I O N S

FEHLING’S TEST
used to detect reducing sugars

FEHLING’S SOLUTION A
AQUEOUS COPPER SULFATE
REAGENT FEHLING’S SOLUTION B
POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTARATE
+ SODIUM HYDROXIDE
POSITIVE VR BRICK-RED PRECIPITATE
TYPE OF REACTION OXIDATION
GROUP DETECTED REDUCING SUGARS
CARBOHYDRATE ALDEHYDES AND D-HYDROXY KETONES
 C O M P A R A T I V E R E A C T I O N S

BENEDICT TEST
When Benedict’s solution and simple carbohydrates
are heated, the solution changes to orange red/ brick red.
This reaction is caused by the reducing
property of simple carbohydrates.
 C O M P A R A T I V E R E A C T I O N S

BENEDICT TEST
REAGENT BENEDICT’S SOLUTION
POSITIVE VR BRICK-RED PRECIPITATE
TYPE OF REACTION REDUCTION-OXIDATION (REDOX)
GROUP DETECTED FREE ALDEHYDE AND KETONE GROUP
CARBOHYDRATE REDUCING SUGAR
THANK
YOU
REFERENCE/S

Aryal, S., Apaa, Jean, Khare, N., Monisha, Kaylin, … Nikhil. (2019, August 15). Benedict's Test- Principle, Preparatio
n, Procedure and Result Interpretation. Retrieved from https://microbiologyinfo.com/benedicts-test-principle-c
omposition-preparation-procedure-and-result-interpretation/.

Elzagheid, Mohamed. (2018). Laboratory Activities to Introduce Carbohydrates Qualitative Analysis to College Stude
nts. World Journal of Chemical Education. 6. 82-86. 10.12691/wjce-6-2-1.

Karki, G. (2018, December 18). Benedict's Test: Objective, Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result. Retrieved from
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/benedicts-test-objective-principle-reagents-procedure-and-result/.

Kaur, I., & Jakhar, D. (2019). Starch-iodine test through the eyes of dermatoscope. Journal of the American Academy
of Dermatology. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.008

Reducing sugar. (2019, September 5). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_sugar.

The Common Types of Chemical Reactions. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.dummies.com/education/science/chem

istry/the-common-types-of-chemical-reactions/.