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A IIT Bombay Suraj Paper
A IIT Bombay Suraj Paper
A IIT Bombay Suraj Paper
Numerical Investigation of Thermo syphon Solar Flat Plate Collector with Back Layer of PCM
(Paraffin Wax)
Method of solution
SIMPLE pressure velocity algorithm and Body force
weighted scheme are adopted for the pressure correction
equation.
Table 2. Method of solution
Pressure Velocity Coupling
Scheme SIMPLE
Spatial Discretization
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Back layer PCM configuration is studied to enhance the
performance of conventional collector. Collector with 50°
tilt angle gives optimum results. For the same
Figure 6:The variation of instantaneous efficiency with respect to time environmental condition it gives 25.64 % improvement in
Figure 7 shows comparison of average efficiency of total efficiency. During off-sunshine hour heat carried
conventional collector with PCM integrated collector. away by the heat transfer fluid for collector without PCM
The efficiency for both the collectors was found low at is almost negligible while for collector with PCM heat
lower tilt angle & it increased with increase in tilt angle carried away by the heat transfer fluid is considerable
(9.60 W at 20.00 pm) because PCM acts as heat source
upto 50°. Increasing tilt angle increases buoyancy force
during off sunshine period.
on heat transfer fluid. Due to increase in buoyancy force Acknowledgements
there will be increase in Rayleigh number (Ra). Higher I am grateful to Dr. S.S. Mohite (HOD, mechanical
the Rayleigh number, higher will be Nusselt number. engineering, GCEK) for providing necessary facility to
Therefore heat transfer increases and thence efficiency. conduct numerical work.
REFERENCES
[1] J.Prakash, H.P. Garg, G. Datta, A solar water heater
with a built-in latent heat storage, Energy Conversion
& Management, 25 (1985) 51-56.
[2] A.J. Khalifa, K. Suffer, M.S. Mahmoud, A sorage
domestic solar hot water system with a back layer of
phase change material, Experimental Thermal & Fluid
Science, 44 (2013) 174-181.
[3] M. Carmona, G. Caicedo, H.G. Vega, A. Bula,
Reduced model for a thermal analysis of a flat plate
Figure 7: Average efficiency comparison with PCM.
solar collector with thermal energy storage using phase
change material (PCM),ASME International
Validation of results: Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,
Numerical results are compared with experimental Volume 6B (2015).
results for three different tilt angles. From fig. 8, it is [4] A.V. Waghmare, A.T.Pise, Numerical investigation of
noticed that there exists some difference (max 5%) concentric cylinder latent heat storage with/without
between the experimental & numerical results. The reason gravity and buoyancy, Energy Procedia, 75(2015)
behind the gap could be the numerical analysis employs 3133-3141.
perfect insulating conditions & complete heat transfer [5] M.Redzuan, C.N. Saw, H.H. Al-Kayiem, A. Lukmon,
from absorber plate to PCM & from absorber tube to Numerical simulation of PCM integrated solar
absorber fluid. However, the trends of both curves are collector storage water heater, ARPN Journal of
consistent. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(2017) 3363-
3367.
[6] J.A. Duffie, W.A. Beckman, Solar energy of thermal
processes, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 2006.
4
Proceedings of the 7th International and 45th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP)
December 10-12, 2018, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
Numerical Investigation of Thermo syphon Solar Flat Plate Collector with Back Layer of PCM
(Paraffin Wax)
Method of solution
SIMPLE pressure velocity algorithm and Body force
weighted scheme are adopted for the pressure correction
equation.
Table 2. Method of solution
Pressure Velocity Coupling
Scheme SIMPLE
Spatial Discretization
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
Back layer PCM configuration is studied to enhance the
performance of conventional collector. Collector with 50°
tilt angle gives optimum results. For the same
environmental condition it gives 25.64 % improvement in
Figure 6:The variation of instantaneous efficiency with respect to time total efficiency. During off-sunshine hour heat carried
Figure 7 shows comparison of average efficiency of away by the heat transfer fluid for collector without PCM
conventional collector with PCM integrated collector. is almost negligible while for collector with PCM heat
carried away by the heat transfer fluid is considerable
The efficiency for both the collectors was found low at (9.60 W at 20.00 pm) because PCM acts as heat source
lower tilt angle & it increased with increase in tilt angle during off sunshine period.
upto 50°. Increasing tilt angle increases buoyancy force Acknowledgements
on heat transfer fluid. Due to increase in buoyancy force I am grateful to Dr. S.S. Mohite (HOD, mechanical
there will be increase in Rayleigh number (Ra). Higher engineering, GCEK) for providing necessary facility to
the Rayleigh number, higher will be Nusselt number. conduct numerical work.
Therefore heat transfer increases and thence efficiency. REFERENCES
[1] J.Prakash, H.P. Garg, G. Datta, A solar water heater
with a built-in latent heat storage, Energy Conversion
& Management, 25 (1985) 51-56.
[2] A.J. Khalifa, K. Suffer, M.S. Mahmoud, A sorage
domestic solar hot water system with a back layer of
phase change material, Experimental Thermal &
Fluid Science, 44 (2013) 174-181.
[3] M. Carmona, G. Caicedo, H.G. Vega, A. Bula,
Reduced model for a thermal analysis of a flat plate
solar collector with thermal energy storage using
phase change material (PCM),ASME International
Figure 7: Average efficiency comparison with PCM. Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,
Validation of results: Volume 6B (2015).
[4] A.V. Waghmare, A.T.Pise, Numerical investigation
Numerical results are compared with experimental
results for three different tilt angles. From fig. 8, it is of concentric cylinder latent heat storage with/without
noticed that there exists some difference (max 5%) gravity and buoyancy, Energy Procedia, 75(2015)
between the experimental & numerical results. The reason 3133-3141.
behind the gap could be the numerical analysis employs [5] M.Redzuan, C.N. Saw, H.H. Al-Kayiem, A. Lukmon,
perfect insulating conditions & complete heat transfer Numerical simulation of PCM integrated solar
from absorber plate to PCM & from absorber tube to collector storage water heater, ARPN Journal of
absorber fluid. However, the trends of both curves are Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(2017) 3363-
consistent. 3367.
[6] J.A. Duffie, W.A. Beckman, Solar energy of thermal
processes, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New
York,2006.
8
RESPONSE TO REVIEWS 3. Please include the reference wherever the
Review 1: equations referred. Reference are missing from
equation (3) to (23).
———– Overall evaluation ———–
Response: Appropriate changes have been made
1. Add current references so that the current
and highlighted.(References for equations are
research gap would be finalized, Except one
given in subsequent sections introduction.)
reference, all other are before 2015.
4. Reference number given for equation (2) & (3)
Response: Three refernces are added which are
are wrong.
after or on 2015 and highlighted.
Response: Appropriate changes have been made
2. Validation graph should be included.
and highlighted.
Response: Validation graph of experimental and
5. Why side heat loss coefficients are not
numerical results are inluded in fig. 8.
considered in equation (5)?
3. Format of references should be same.
Response: some equations which are not so
Response: Appropriate changes have been made. important are ommited due to space
4. What is the essence of providing Fig.1, if the restriction.Hence, authors are not in a position to
description is not available. answer the question with any conviction.
Response: Description of Fig. 1 is given and 6. In reality, mass of water is not distributed evenly
highlighted. in all the riser tubes. How it is accounted in this
5. Grid generation part is missing. study?
Response: Grid generation is disguised as mesh Response:This is case of flow in parallel pipe.
generation and highlighted. For a pipe that branches out into two (or more)
Review 1: parallel pipes and then rejoins at a junction
downstream, the total flow rate is the sum of the
———– Overall evaluation ———–
flow rates in the individual pipes. The pressure
Reviewer commeted in his review that authors dealt drop (or head loss) in each individual pipe
with numerical and experimental investigation of bent connected in parallel must be the same since (ΔP
tube flat plate solar collector. But auther never =PA - PB and the junction pressures PA and PB are
mentioned about the word ‘bend tube’ in this paper. the same for all the individual pipes. For a system
Since analysis plainly emphasized on the analysis of of two parallel pipes 1 and 2 between junctions A
flat plate solar water heater. and B with negligible minor losses, this can be
1. In introduction section, authors mentioned the expressed as
sentence “Reference conducted /studied / used” at HL1 = HL2
many locations. Please rewrite these sentences to 𝑓𝐿1 𝑉12 𝑓𝐿2 𝑉22
get the flow of work. = 2𝑔𝑑1
= 2𝑔𝑑2
Response: These sentence are reduced to greater This result can be extended to any number of
extent but kept at few locations wherever pipes connected in parallel.
necessary for giving special attention to research As head loss in each riser tube is same. Hence
gap. velocity in each riser tube is equal. As dia. of
each riser tube is equal, area of riser tubes is
2. How many collectors considered for the analysis
unifrom. Therefore mass of water is not
and how they are configured (In parallel or
distributed evenly in all the riser tubes.
series)?
7. Please indicate/mention the day of the experiment
Response: Only one collector is considered for
conducted.
the analysis so there is no question of
configuration. Response: Appropriate changes have been made
and highlighted.
9
8. Whether uncertainty analysis are performed to
find out the errors involved in the experiment ? If
yes, please include.
Response: Yes, uncertainity analysis is
performed to find error in experiment. Since
Since the work done was strictly in the interest of
numerical analysis of flat plate collector,
experimental analysis is not explained in
detail.So, uncertainity analysis is not included in
paper due to space restiction.
9. In Figure 7, higher water outlet temperature
observed in simulation compared to experimental
value and in Figure 8, it is reverse. Why?
Response: In Fig. 7, average efficiency of
conventional collector with PCM integrated
collector is compared.So, author finds this
question irrelevant.Hence author is no position to
answer this question with conviction.The reason
behind the gap between numerical than
experimental result in Fig.8 is highlighted.
10. Author should compare the performance of bent
tube collector with straight tube collector. In bent
tube collector, pressure drop should be higher
compared to straight tube collector. Hence, pump
is used (as mentioned in the article) to pump the
fluid to the collector. In such case, power required
for pumping the water should be considered to
calculate the efficiency of the solar system. In
such scenario, bent tube collector may not be
efficient compared to straight tube collector.
Please justify.
Response: Reviewer commeted in his review that
authors dealt with numerical and experimental
investigation of bent tube flat plate solar
collector. But auther never mentioned about the
word ‘bend tube’ in this paper.Since the work
done was strictly in the interest of straight tube
flat plate collector only, the Authors are not in a
position answer the question with any conviction.
10