IMPACT OF ONLINE FAKE AND GENUINE NEWS AMONG SHS

OF ACCESS COMPUTER TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGES – CAMARIN CAMPUS

 CHAPTER i

THE PROBLEM AND THE BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION:

People say that we can easy to classify if it is genuine or fake news through social media,

applications, text messages, e-mails, television, radio & etc. News is everywhere. It is all about the

information we spread and receive specially in our generation. In our present time, many of us use social

media to easily connect with other people, to gives us entertainment, especially when giving

information and we also can't deny that social media is one of the things that controls us. Imagine how

many people have mobile phones, computer, and laptop. In that case, social media is unstoppable or

irreplaceable because of its importance but we can’t deny that social media has its own bad side like for

example: most people believe that social messaging is more of a benefit than a consequence, but using

social media can actually be harmful. Social media is most kids, teens, and even some adults are using all

the time. It has become a part of our generation’s lives. Having people on their phones all day long is not

only disappointing, but also damaging. Instead of talking to someone face-to-face and hanging out,

people prefer just texting or going on a social network. For some people understanding a life without

social media is near impossible. Using social media can have some adverse effects such as: it causes

cyber bullying, it can comprise education, and it could have an effect on social skills.

In the field of television news, these are examples of the most relevant in giving information in

the Philippines: ABS-CBN, GMA and IBC because most of the people will accept the news if it came from

this network because of their reputation and fame.

 Social media has helped the students to learn in various online learning platforms available for

them. There are many groups that students can join that are related to their course for study,

demographic, school, environment and more, social media also helps to enhance student academic

performance and increase their knowledge for information and data gathering. Many students has

mobile phones because of that they are the most active in using social media, it helps them to

communicate easily and give information.

Most of the social media users are student or teenagers it means that most of the affected

persons of fake news are teenagers and students, because many of social media apps has different kinds

of pages that gives us news but many of those are just a commentary articles of their own perspective

and no facts or concrete evidences when they are creating their articles. The students who are getting

news articles in social media are the main victims of fake news unlike the old ones or the adult ones who

usually getting news or articles in television, radio, and newspaper which is more legit or true.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

News is information about current events. This may be provided through many

different media: word of mouth, printing, postal systems, broadcasting, electronic communication, or

through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events. It is also used as a platform to manufacture

opinion for the population see propaganda.

Common topics for news reports include war, government, politics, education, health, the

environment, economy, business, fashion, and entertainment, as well as athletic events, quirky or

unusual events. Government proclamations, concerning royal ceremonies, laws, taxes, public health,

and criminals, have been dubbed news since ancient times. Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to

learn and share news, which they satisfy by talking to each other and sharing information. Technological

and social developments, often driven by government communication and espionage networks, have

increased the speed with which news can spread, as well as influenced its content. The genre of news as

we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper, which originated in China as a court bulletin

and spread, with paper and printing press, to Europe.

Social networking is one of the most active web-based activities in the Philippines, with Filipinos

being declared as the most active users on a number of web-based social network sites such

as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter. The use of social networking website has become so

extensive in the Philippines that the country has been tagged as "The Social Networking Capital of the

World," and has also become part of Filipino cyber culture. Social networking is also used in the

Philippines as a form of election campaign material, as well as tools to aid criminal investigation.
 The main sources of news are social media (Internet), applications, text messages, e-mails,

television, radio, n& etc.

Radio in the Philippines started in 1924 with the establishment of KZKZ (AM)

in Manila, Philippines by Henry Herman Sr., owner of the Electrical Supply Company in Manila. Henry

Herman was an American and a former soldier who came to the Philippines to fight in the Philippine–

American War. He stayed in the Philippines after he was discharged. This was not the first test however.

Archives suggest that an American woman named Mrs. Redgrave used a five-watt transmitter for a test

broadcast from Nichols Field (now Villamor Airbase). This test is possibly the first radio broadcast t in

Asia. Henry Herman's station originally broadcast using a 5-watt transmitter. In 1924, it boosted its

power to 100 watts. On October 4, 1924, Henry Herman transferred KZKZ's ownership to the Radio

Corporation of the Philippines (RCP), which he himself organized. In 1926 the company began to work

on constructing two of the largest radio stations in Asia with the idea of maintaining direct Manila-San

Francisco service.[4] After Philippine independence, it changed its callsign to DWKZ, but changed in 1960

to DZCA.]In 1929, RCP launched KZRC in Cebu broadcasting with a 100-watt transmitter, but was later

sold to store owner Isaac Beck. It is now DYRC owned by the Manila Broadcasting Company. Early on, all

radio programs were in English. This was the American Colonial Era in the Philippines. Most shows

resembled American shows, even copying sponsorship.[2] Radio was unregulated until 1931 when the

Radio Control Board was established under the Insular Government. The current oldest radio station

is DZRH.

Television in the Philippines was introduced in 1953. But even before that, during the late 1940s,

a number of academic experiments had been done and replicated by Filipino engineers and students.
 Text Messaging, Among the Asian countries, the Philippines have the largest population of

mobile subscribers who uses text messaging as a means of communication. An average of 20 text

messages is being sent daily by a subscriber.

History of the Internet here in the Philippines, A year after the connection, The Public

Telecommunications Act of the Philippines was made into law. Securing a franchise is now optional

for value-added service providers. This law enabled many other organizations to establish connections

to the Internet, to create Web sites and have their own Internet services or provide Internet service and

access to others. However the growth of the Internet in the Philippines was hindered by many obstacles

including unequal distribution of Internet infrastructure throughout the country, its cost and corruption

in the government. But these obstacles did not altogether halt all the developments. More connection

types were made available to more Filipinos. Increasing bandwidth and a growing number of Filipino

Internet users were proof of the continuing development of the Internet in the country. The Cybercrime

Prevention Act of 2012, codified as Republic Act No. 10175, criminalized cybersquatting, cybersex, child

pornography, identity theft, illegal access to data and libel. The act has been criticized for its provision

on criminalizing libel, which is perceived to be a curtailment in freedom of expression. After several

petitions submitted to the Supreme Court of the Philippines questioned the constitutionality of the

Act, the Supreme Court issued a temporary restraining order on October 9, 2012, stopping

implementation of the Act for 120 days. A Magna Carta for Philippine Internet Freedom was filed in the

Philippine legislature in 2013 to, among others, repeal Republic Act No. 10175. The Implementing Rules

and Regulations of Republic Act No 10175 were promulgated on August 12, 2015.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_in_the_Philippines#History

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_the_Philippines#Media_culture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_in_the_Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_in_the_Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines

https://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/history-of-text-messaging-cewoac.html
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

As stated by Reece (2018) News carries with it a powerful mythology, leading people to regard

news as a mirror that is held up to society, a window on the world that tells "the way it is." Moving

beyond this unproblematic view of journalism opens a wide range of important questions to research,

predicated on the idea that news, like other forms of knowledge, is socially constructed.

The many attempts to explain the production of news have often taken sociology of media view,

which considers how media power functions within a larger social context. More narrowly, this

approach is equated with the newsroom ethnographies that have been carried out by sociologists such

as Herbert Gans and Gaye Tuchman. Taken more broadly, it suggests that the structural context of

journalism must be tackled, moving beyond the narrow attempt to psychologize the news process

through the attitudes and values of individual practitioners, or "gatekeepers."

In her interpretive sociological approach to news, Tuchman (1978, p. 12) asserts that "making

news is the act of constructing reality itself rather than a picture of reality," a view that leads her to

think of news as a "frame." Newswork is viewed as the process of transforming occurrences into news

events. Her ethnomethodological analyses of journalists in local news organization examine how people

make sense of the everyday world in its "taken for granted." Journalists, for example, find the meaning

of objectivity in the specific procedures of quoting, sourcing, and balancing that have become

synonymous with good work. Thus, reference to these steps, the "strategic ritual," as she terms it,

rather than any philosophical recourse, is invoked when their work is challenged. Following the work of

Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann (1967), Tuchman's work shows how meaning becomes objectified
 in the institutional "newsnet," rendering "historically given" the journalistic reports that are

embedded in the time rhythms and geographical news "beat" arrangements of legitimated, official

settings.

Framing the News

As a particularly influential concept in news study, the idea of "frame" is defined by Erving

Goffman (1974) as the principles of organization that govern people's interpretation of and subjective

involvement with social events. Interest in framing responds to the recommendation by Robert Hackett

(1984) that studies of news move beyond a narrow concern with bias—deviation from an objective

standard—to a more fruitful view of the ideological character of news, thoroughly structured in its

content, practices, and relations with society. The notion of bias suggests that a faithful reflection of

events is possible, while framing underscores the constructed quality of news. The surge of interest in

framing highlights important issues.

The News is very powerful, because it controls the information that we take up in our everyday

life and it should be real and right in order to give good information to the viewers or to the listeners,

but not all of the news is right many news is framed with the other people to lessen the information that

media gives us, many people used framed news to cover up something that they want to hide or to ruin

someone’s image.

Tuchman, Gaye. (1972). "Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An Examination of Newsmen's Notions

of Objectivity." American Journal of Sociology 77:660-679.

"News Production Theories." Encyclopedia of Communication and Information. . Encyclopedia.com. 8

Dec. 2018 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM:

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

 The purpose of the research is to make us aware of the spreading of fake news and avoid these

cases especially the students and teenagers because they are the persons who are more exposed to

social media and sometimes may read and see some articles and news and they can possibly encounter

some fake news that they may believe and share to others that’s why with our research the people will

be aware of fake news and avoid and minimize the people who are believing these news even those

people
 CHAPTER i

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to ABS-CBN News(Oct 10 2018) about “ Nearly all Pinoys who go online use social
media, most aware fake news widespread” says that Nearly all Filipinos have internet access online but
majority of them was aware with the prevalence of fake news in the internet. Their Surveys’ says that
most Filipinos or 79% believe that fake news is widespread on social media. (https://news.abs-
cbn.com/news/10/10/18/pulse-asia-nearly-all-pinoys-who-go-online-use-social-media-most-aware-
fake-news-widespread)

According to J. Ballaran on her article about “Online Filipinos trust social media more than
traditional media – poll” (INQUIRER.net / 03:16 PM August 29, 2017), Filipinos trust social media more
than traditional media and the most of them were already access Internet and Philippine Trust
Index(PTI) says that 9 out of 10 Filipinos, or 87.3% whom trusted social media, and because they already
access Internet and they know what have it have, that’s why they trusted it and the information also.
(https://technology.inquirer.net/66402/filipinos-online-trust-social-media-traditional-media-poll)

FOREIGN LITERATURE
LOCAL STUDIES

According J. Geronimo Published 8:15 PM, March 21, 2015, to her article “ Growing Internet use
in PH good for education – study”, says that the Philippines topped a list of 32 emerging and developing
countries where most believe in the good influence of the Internet on education. 88% of the Filipinos
has increased the Internet usage for education(US-based Pew Research).
(https://www.rappler.com/nation/87542-growing-internet-use-ph-good-education)

According to sociologist Mike Aballos, one of the main causes of this fake news is the bias of an
individual — may it be political, social or logical. In his analysis, he stated that unlicensed social media
writers tend to post their opinions on an issue and claim it as news. Without any discernment and
doubts, these so-called online journalists publish their thoughts as facts. Which, sadly, undermine the
country’s democracy and press freedom.
Others’ says that Fake news has a lot of negative impacts. For one, it deliberately changes an individual’s
view on a certain issue, or perhaps, it plants uncertainty in one’s mindset that could harm other people.
( https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/163197 )

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to R. Fletcher and S. Park to their Article “ The Impact of Trust in the News Media on
Online News Consumption and Participation.” said that Trust has long been considered an important
factor that influences people’s relationship with news. The results show what those with low level of
trust tend prefer the non-mainstream news sources like social media, and blogs.
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2017.1279979)

According to L. Rajendran and P. Thesinghraja to their study on “ The Impact of New Media on
Traditional Media” they said that, The data indicates the shift in consumer’s behavior has led more
people to get their news and information online (New York Times, April 2009). Readership habits
seem to be changing as users turn to the Internet for free news and information. The alternate source of
news and information is not only free but also acts fast. Moreover, the amount of information and news
provided by the internet is updated every minute, and also you can get back the same news or any piece
of information without any struggles anytime you want and it is accepted by consumers globally. (
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309014723_The_Impact_of_New_Media_on_Traditional_M
edia )
 According to B. Cassidy to his article “Online News Credibility: An Examination of the Perception
of Newspaper journalists”, said that the internet news information was viewed as moderately credible
overall and the online newspaper journalists rated Internet news information as significantly more
credible that print newspaper journalists. ( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1083-
6101.2007.00334.x )