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Transportation Systems Transportation Systems: 3.1.2 Types of Elevators
Transportation Systems Transportation Systems: 3.1.2 Types of Elevators
0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1 Elevators and 3.1.2 Types of Elevators
Dumbwaiters
3.1 Elevators & 1. Electric elevators
Dumbwaiters
3.1.1 Definition of Elevator
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors Are generally used in buildings
where several peak periods of traffic
3.3 Chutes occur each day, (ie. In office
buildings, hospitals, apartment
3.4 Provisions in buildings)
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
Bulkhead Hoisting Machinery
Penthouse Control Panel
Driving Sheave
3.1 Elevators &
Idle Sheave
Dumbwaiters
Hoistway
3.2 Escalators &
Machine Beam
Conveyors Bank
Hoistway Door
Counterweight
Limit Switch
Door Contact
A safety device for preventing the operation of
an elevator car unless its door or gate is fully
closed
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.3 Parts of an Electric
Elevator
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters 1. Shaft
vertical passageway for car and
3.2 Escalators &
counterweights.
Conveyors
7. Elevator Machine
turns the sheave that lifts and lowers the
car.
8. Controls
a combination of push buttons, contacts, This usually stops the car, but should
relays, and devices, operated manually or speed still increase, the governor will
automatically to initiate door opening, actuate rail clamps mounted at the bottom
starting acceleration, retardation, leveling of the car one on each side. This will
and stopping of the car. clamp the guide rails bringing the car to a
switch stop.
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
c) Electric Final Limit Switches
are located a few feet below and above
safe travel limits of elevator car. If car
3.1 Elevators & over-travels, either down or up, these
Dumbwaiters switches de-energizes the motor and sets
the main brake.
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors d) Oil or Spring Buffers
are placed at the bottom of the elevator
3.3 Chutes pit, not to stop a falling car, but to bring it
to a partially cushion stop if the car should
3.4 Provisions in overshoot the lower terminal.
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.4 Methods of Arranging 2) One-to-One Double Wrap
Traction Machine
Elevator Machines,
3.1 Elevators & Sheaves and Ropes cables first wrap over the traction
Dumbwaiters
sheave T, then around the
3.2 Escalators & 1) Single Wrap Traction Machine secondary or idler sheave S, and
Conveyors once more going around T and S to
supporting cables pass over the the counterweights. This provides
3.3 Chutes sheave in grooves and connect to greater traction and is used in many
the counterweights. The lifting power automatic high-speed installations.
3.4 Provisions in is exerted by the sheave through the
the NBC
traction of the cables in the grooves.
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3) Two-to-One Double Wrap 4) Underslung System
Traction Machine (for freight
elevators) is used where the elevator machine
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters is located at the basement.
This 2:1 roping, has a mechanical
3.2 Escalators & advantage of 2, which results in a
Conveyors high-speed, low-power and
therefore, low-cost traction machine.
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.5 Types of Elevator 2) Geared Traction Machine
Machines
this type of machine employs a
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters worm and gear between the driving
1) Gearless Traction Machine
motor and the sheave. It is
3.2 Escalators & considered to be less superior to the
consists of a DC motor, the shaft of
Conveyors gearless traction machine since it
which is directly connected to the
has more moving parts and requires
3.3 Chutes brake wheel and to the driving
more maintenance. Used for low
sheave. The elevator cables are
and medium speed passenger and
3.4 Provisions in placed around this sheave. This type
the NBC freight elevators.
of machine is used for medium and
Concerning high speed elevators for office and
Transportation
residential condominiums of 10
Systems
stories or more; where high speeds
and smooth quality operation are
desired.
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.6 Systems of Elevator 3) Electronic Group Supervisory
Dispatching and Control
Controls
this system is used to control not
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters only single elevators but an entire
1) Single Automatic Push Button
group or bank of cars. During peak
Control
3.2 Escalators & periods, all cars are in operation;
this is the simplest of passenger
Conveyors automatically, the system shuts
operated automatic control system.
down successively cars as the
3.3 Chutes It handles only one call at a time
number of passengers reduces and
providing an uninterrupted trip for
return them to service as the
3.4 Provisions in each call.
the NBC number of passengers again
Concerning increases to a high peak.
2) Collective Control
Transportation
control is arranged to collect all
Systems The system of Otis Elevator
waiting up calls on the trip up and all
Company is called “autotronic
waiting down calls on the trip down.
elevatoring”. The system of
The control system, stalls all calls
Westinghouse Electric Co. is called
until they are answered and
the “selectomatic elevator system”.
automatically reverses the direction
of travel at the highest and the
lowest calls. When all calls have
been cleared, the car will remain at
the floor of its last stop awaiting the
next call.
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.7 Oil Hydraulic
Elevators
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters also called plunger elevators. It is
raised by means of a movable rod nor
3.2 Escalators & plunger rigidly fixed to the bottom of
Conveyors rail
the car. The system is hydraulic and
operates the same way as a hydraulic
3.3 Chutes
automobile jack. Oil from a reservoir is
car
3.4 Provisions in
pumped under the plunger thereby
the NBC raising it and the car. The pump is
Concerning stopped during downward motion, the
Transportation car being lowered by gravity and guide shoe
Systems controlled by action of bypassed
valves which also controls the
positioning of the car during the plunger
upward motion.
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.2 Escalators and 3.2.2 Parts of an Escalator
Conveyors Installation
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters 1) Truss
3.2.1 Definition of
a welded steel frame which supports
3.2 Escalators & Escalator
the moving stairway equipment. It
Conveyors
comes in 3 sections: the middle
used where large numbers of people
3.3 Chutes straight section maybe of any
are scattered throughout a given
desired length to provide rises of
area and on a large number of
3.4 Provisions in different heights.
the NBC floors. These people being
Concerning interested in moving about almost
Transportation constantly to various locations for
Systems short periods of time. Thus traffic is
constantly on the move both up and
down. Examples are department
stores and terminal buildings.
Typical Specifications
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
Typical Specifications
Standard width = 27” and 36”
Speeds = 120 fpm and
180 fpm
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
People Mover
Any of various forms of mass transit, as
3.1 Elevators & moving sidewalks or automated driverless
Dumbwaiters vehicles, used for shuttling people around
airports or in congested urban areas
Inclined Lift
A platform mounted on a steel
guide rail and driven by an
electric motor used for raising
or lowering a person or moving
along a stairway. Also called a
stair lift
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.3 Chutes
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.4 Provisions in the Cage/Cab
An enclosure for housing the operator and
NBC Concerning the hoisting mechanism, power plant and
3.1 Elevators & Transportation equipment controlling a crane.
Dumbwaiters
Systems
Capacity of Works, Project or Plant
3.2 Escalators & The total horsepower of all engines,
Conveyors
3.4.1 Definitions motors, turbines or other prime movers
installed, whether in operation or not.
3.3 Chutes
Accidental Contact Car
3.4 Provisions in Any inadvertent physical contact with The load carrying unit of an elevator
the NBC power transmission equipment, prime including its platform, frame, enclosure
Concerning movers, machines or machine parts and door or gate.
Transportation which could result from slipping, falling,
Systems sliding, tripping or any other unplanned Crane
action or movement.
Means a machine for lifting or lowering a
load and moving it horizontally, the
Balustrades hoisting mechanism being an integral part
The frames on either side of the moving of the machine.
steps of an escalator.
Dumbwaiter
Buffer A hoisting and lowering mechanism
A device designed to stop a descending
equipped with a car not to exceed 3861
car or counterweight beyond its normal
sqcm in area and a maximum height of
limit of travel by absorbing and dissipating
1.20m, the capacity of which does not
the kinetic energy of the car or
exceed 277 kilos, used exclusively for
counterweight.
carrying materials.
3.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Elevator otherwise removable doors or sections to
A hoisting and lowering mechanism permit inspection, lubrication or proper
equipped with a car or platform which maintenance.
3.1 Elevators & moves in guides in a vertical direction
Dumbwaiters serving two or more floors of a building or Escalator
structure. Movement of the car may be A power driven, inclined, continuous
3.2 Escalators & controlled by gravitational, manual or stairway for raising or lowering
Conveyors mechanical power. passengers.