DAI HQC CONG NGHIEP TP HO CHi MINH. KHOA CONG NGHE DIEN (CUAS) IE El VAN HANH VA DIEU KHIEN HE THONG DIEN ‘TP HO CHi MINH 2008LOI NOI DAU ‘Nhu ciu sir dung dién cia loai ngudi ngay cing wing, doi hoi Ivong ngudn phat (s6 t6 may) phai ving theo. Trong khi 46 van dé khiing hoang nang {uong vi moi truéng 1a hai bai todn cin duge xem xét hang dau Ki phit trién nguén ning lugng nay. Bén canh phat trién thém ngudn mdi thi vige vén hanh cdc t6 Ay sao cho higu qua va tin cy nhat cling la bai todn v6 cing quan trong, Van hinh va diéu khign 16: hé thong dign khOng chi mang Iai higa qua vé mt kinh t§ ma cn gitp phat trién bén ving cho nguon ning Iugng vua niy. True thyc trang nguén tai ligu vé Tinh vue nay cén khan » ‘img cho nhu cdu hgc tip nghién ctu tong trong finh vye vgn hinh va ies khién he théng dign ching 161 43 bién sogn cudn gido trinh nay nhim 6 dong lai nhting van dé cn thiét co Hé théng dign va cde mén hoc 6 gitip cdc ban Sinh vién va quy Thiy, C6 ban cho mén hoc Vén hanh va diéu khi lién quan. Gido tinh duge xay dymg theo huéng chyong trinh ‘hoa, phue vu cho ac Sinh vign va Ban doc muéa tim hiu vé vn hanh va diéu Khién he thong dign, Cy thé, gido trinh tém luot cae van dé ly thuyét co ban va cén thiét, giai quyét céc bai todn thong qua vi du va giép Sinh vién rén luyén ky ning, tu duy tinh todn théng qua mgt s6 bai tip. Cée vi dy tinh tofn va bai tip trong sido tinh o6 ede doan chuong trinh duge vidt trong Matlab di kém dé tign cho vige kiém tra két qua cia Sinh vién, Gido trinh cfing dua ra cdc quy trinh van hanh co ban cdc phan ut wong hé théng dién. Giéo trinh duge trinh bay trong 7 churong vi mét phy lye véi ede ndi dung nh sau: ‘Chwong 1: Trinh bay vé cde van dé chung nhu: tinh tét yéu cda mon hoo, linh vee nghién ecu cla mon hye va ede vin dé lién quan; tinh bay v8 lich sir phat trién cua céc m6 hinh may phat nbigt dign qua céc thoi kj. Chong 1 eding ban vé dic tinh t8 may phat, phong php xay due dét tinh t6 may phat vi céch giai bai todn 16i uu him phi tuyén. Chuyng 2; Trinh by v8 diéu 46 kinh 18 gitta céc t8 may phat nhit ign bao van dé chung vé diéu d§ kinh 18, diéu d9 kinh té trong trusng. hgp khéng c6 rang bude, e6 ring buge vé cing : suit «3 méy va diéu d6 trong tnréng hyp oé rang bude vé gidi han cong suat t6 may va tn thé tong mang. Chvong nay cing dua ra gidi thut cia churong trinh diéu dé trén may tinh.(Chong 3: Phan tich qué trinh digu dng va dy tris 18 may phat tro van hanh hg théng dign. Chuong nay ban vé vén dé digu dong va dy writ 15 may, dy tro quay, rang budc trong diéu dong 6 may phat. Ngoai ra ndi dung trong churong ciing trinh bay vé phuong php gidi bai ton diéu dong t6 may sao cho tdi uu. ‘Chuong 4: Phin tich qué trinh digu 49 két hgp gitta nha may nhiét dién va nha méy thiy din bao gom van hinh nha may thiy dién, dac tinh ning Ingng ciia nha may thay dign va bai toan digu 46 két hop. Churong 5: Trinh by quy trinh van hanh nhi may nhiét dién bao gdm quy trinh van hinh turbine khi, quy trinh van hinh may phét, cde thuat ngit chuyén ding trong vén hanh nha méy dién va céc 18i thung gip va céch xir If trong qua trinh van hanh nha may nhiét dign. _Chwong 6; Trinh bay quy trinh vn hanh nhd méy thuy dign bao gdm vin dé thay vin trong van hah, quy trinh van haa Khoi 6 may phat, ede ché 4 van hanh khong binh thuong cia to may. Chuong 6 cing dé cép dén nhing van dé chung vé xirly sy co khdi t6 may phat. g 7: Dé cap dén mét noi dung riéng bigt v6i cae churong khde 46 1a vin dé digu khién hé thong dign (diéu khién t6 nguén phat). Noi dung trong Gi thigu vé mé hinh todn ciia hé thong diéu khien may phét, cdc nguyén tic diéu khién may phat dign. Trinh biy chi tit vé cdc bd diéu khi chinh troag may phat bao gdm b§ diéu chinh din ép (AVR) va bg diéu chinh céng sudt (LEC). Chuong 7 ciing dura ra cée mé hinh duge xéy dung trong Matlab nim mé phéng céc bd dieu khién trong cdc truémg hep khéc nhau. Neoi ra, gigo trinh cén cd phin phy Iuc bao gém mét sé chuong trinh tinh toan va m6 phong duge viét trén nén Matlab dé phyc vu cho vigc tinh c: cc vi du va bai tap trong gido trinh. Day 1 nén ting dé cdc ban Sinh vién va Ban doc cé thé xay dyng cdc chuong trinh 1én hon phuc vu cho hoc tap va nghién citu sau nay. Hy vong ring cuén tai ligu nay 1a céng cy bé ich dé céc ban Sinh vién 6 thé t6m luge duge néi dyng co bin trong min hoe Vén hanh va diéu khi Hé théng dién, la co sé dé nghién citu cde vin dé chuyén sau vé he thong ign. Cho di da cé ging edt nhigu nhung tai ligu nay khng trén khdi nhimg sai 96t, rét mong nhan dirge ar gp 9 kién tit phia quy Thay, C6, cae ban Sinh vién va ban doc 48 cuén jéu duge hoan thign hon. Moi chi tiét xin,lién hg BG mén Hé théng dign - Khoa Cong nghé Dign ~ Dai Hoc Cong Nghigp Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, s6 12 ~ Nguyén Van Bao - F4 - Go Vip ‘Thanh Phd Hd Chi Minh ~ Dign thogi 08.8940390 hog lién hé true tip voi tac gia. Xin chan thinh im on! Nguyén Trung NhainMUC LUC Trang MG DAU MYC LUC Chwong 1: CAC VAN DE CHUNG 001 1.1. Mye tiéu mén hoe 001 1.2, Tinh en thiét cia mén hoe 002 1.3, Dae tinh méy phat trong van hanh hé théng, 003 1.3.1, Bac tinh turbine hoi 003 1.3.2. Dic tinh bién déi va lich sit phat trién cia turbine hoi 006 1.3.3. Dge tinh ca turbine thiy dign 010 1.4. Phuong phiip xdy dug dic tinh chi phi t8 may phat ou 1.5. Phuong phép giai bai todn téi uu ham phi tuyén 013 1.5.1, Nhdc Iai vé oye trj him nhiéu bién 013, 1.5.2. Bai todn t6i wu khong ring bude. 014 1.5.3. Bai todn téi vu véi rang bude dang dang thirc O16 1.5.4. Bai todn t6i vu voi rang buge dang bat ding thire 019 1.6. Cau héi va bai tip 021 Chwong 2: DIEU DO KINH TE GIU‘A CAC MAY PHAT NHIET DIEN 023 2.1, Van dé digu 6 kinh 18 023 2.2. Diu d6 kinh t& khi bé qua tén thét va gidi han céng sudt td may 024 2.3. Diéu d6 kinh té khi tinh dén giéi han céng sudt t6 may 029 2.4, Biéu 46 kinh 18 khi ké dén tén that va gidi han céng sudtté may 031 2.5. Chuong trinh diéu 46 téi mu 038 2.6. Phuong phdp xéc dinh ham tén thét Pry 041 2.7. Bai tap 046 Chwong 3: DIEU BONG VA DY TRU TO MAY TRONG VAN HANI HE THONG DIEN 050 3.1, Van dé chung 0503.2, Dy tritquay 052 3.3. Rang bude trong digu d6ng va du tri té may 055 3.3.1, Rang bude nhiét 46 v6 may 055 3.3.2. Rang bude vé tinh hinh thay ning 037 3.3.3. T6 may van hanh bit bude 057 3.3.4. Rang buge vé nhién ligu 058 3.4. Phuong phap giai bai ton diéu dong té may 058 3.4.1. Van 43 chung 058 3.4.2. Phuong php danh séch wu tién 059 3.5. Bai tap 061 Chuong 4; DIEU DO KET HOP GUA NHA MAY NHIET DIEN V. THUY DIEN 064 4.1, Cac vn 48 chung vé nha may thiy dién 064 4.1.1. Giéi thigu 064 4.1.2. Lich van hanb eda nha may thiy dign 065 4.2. Dac tinh ning lung cita turbine thy dién 066 4.3. Bai toan didu 46 két hop 067 4.3.1. Phin Logi 067 43.2. Digu do 068 4.4, Bai todn diéu 46 két hop ngin han 072 Chong 5: QUY TRINH VAN HANH NHA MAY NHIET BIEN 075 5.1, Quy trinh vén hanh turbine 075 5.1.1. Céc thiét bj chinh trong turbine khi O75 5.1.2, Kiém tra trude khi khoi dng turbine khi 07 5.1.3, Vén hanb turbine khi 082 5.1.4, Kiém tra thao tac khi chay turbine khi 083 5.1.5, Kiém tra truée khi dimg turbine 085 5.1.6. Kiém tra khi turbine ngimg du phong 086 5.1.7. Xtr ly sy c6 bat thudng cila turbine khi 086 5.2. Quy trinh van hanh may phét 100 5.2.1, Dac tinh may phat dign 1005.2.2. Man hinh digu khién may phat . Kiém tra true khi chay may phat |. Van hanh may phat . Xt ly bat thuong 6 may phat dign Chirong 6: QUY TRINH VAN HANH NHA MAY THUY BIEN 6.1, Théng tin vé ngudn nude 6.2. Quy trinh van hanh khdi to may 6.2.1. Cac thiét bj chinh 6.2.2, Phuong thite van hanh va ché 46 lam viée 6.2.3. Khoi dgng t8 may 6.2.4, Dimg t6 may 6.3. Ché dé van hanh khéng binh thytng cia 18 may phét 6.4. Xirly sured khéi té may Chuong 7: DIEU KHIEN HE THONG BIEN 7.1. Giéi thigu 7.2. Bidu khién tn sé tai 7.2.1. M6 hinh may phat dign trong diéu khién 7.2.2. Mé hinh déng co so cdp 7.2.3. MG hinh tai 7.2.4, Mé hinh b§ diéu td 7.3. Ty d6 diéu khién cong sudit phat 7.3.1. Ty 46 digu khién cng suat trong hé théng cd lap 7.3.2. Ty d9 digu khién cng suat trong hé thong da lién két 7.3.3. Ty 49 digu khién cong sudt phat téi uw 7.4, Digu khién c6ng suét phin khdng va dign ap 7.4.1. Mé hinh toan cdc khéi trong bg AVR 7.4.2. BG AVR cai tién 7.4.3. BO AVR tich hgp trong AGC 75. Bai tap Phyc lye: CHUONG TRINH MATLAB lol 104 105 107 15 us 116 7 8 123 124 125 127 130 130 132 132 135 136 137 147 148, 150 158 159 160 165 169 im 1751.1. Chong trinh Matlab cho chuong 1 1.2. Chuong trinh Matlab cho chuong 2 1.3. Chyong trinh Matlab cho chuong 3 P14. Chuong trinh Matlab cho chuong 7 P15. Mét s6 chuong trinh img dung ‘TAL LIEU THAM KHAO. 175 176 178 181 183 193Chueong 1: Céo CAC VAN DE CHUNG 1.1. Myc tigu man hoe Mon boc phuc vu cho eée hoe vién nganh cong nghé ky thuét dign - cchuyén nginh hé théng véi muc tiga nhu sau: ‘* GiGi thigu cho hoe vien vé hé théng dign véi cde van 4@ lién quan nhu: hé théng ngudn phat, van hanh hé théng ngudn phat trong cée ché 4 hae nhau, diéu khién may phit diga, van hanh hé théng truyén tai, © Higu cde dic tinh gidi han quan trong cia hé théng ngudn phét logi nhiét ign va thiy dign. © Giéi thigu cdc gidi thugt todn vé ti wu va dp dung trong bai toin van hanh hé théng dign, ‘* Gi6i thigu phuong phip gi mang va phéin tich kinh 16, * Dva ra cde mé hinh diéu khién hé théng va gidi thigu hé théng didu khién dién hinh, * Gigi thigu qui trinh vén hanh cdc phan tir trong hé théng dién, Min hoc dé cap dén cic vin 8 sau: + Dic tinh ctia he théng nguén phat © itu do kinh té va bai toin diéu 46 kinh té ‘fe bai toan phitc tap ign quan dén giai tich + Phuong phép giai bai todn diéu d9 kinh té © Tén that va téi uu tin thét trong hé théng dién. * Bai todn qui hoach déng se Htheg Ce nh chug + Bai todn didu d9 t6i uu voi céc rang bude ciia ham ning lugng « Dibu khién hg théng, * Anninh hé thing dién ¢ Banh gis trang thai hé thong din. Lun y ring bai giang chi trinh bay nhiing yan dé co ban nhdt cba mon hhge, ede n6i dung lién quan hoc vién phai ny tim hiu thong qua céc bai tip ton va tiéu lugn mén hoe. 1.2. Tinh cn thiét ciia mon hge (Ching ta déu biét chi phi ming ugng so cp trong nén cong nghigp rat 16m, chiém trén 20% ting nga khd quée gia. Vi vay, higu qua va t6i vu cée rang buge v8 kinh 16 eita bai togn van hanh hé thing ngudn phat ludn chiém sid’ mot vj tf quan trong tong nén cong nghigp nang lugng. Léy nude My Jam mét vi dy minh hea. Vao théi ky truée nim 1973, tinh trang cim vin du 44 lam gid dau Teo thang m@t cach nhank chéng. Nabe MY phai chi khoing 20% ting ngan khé qude gia cho nhién ligu so cp dB sin xudt dign, dén nam 1980 1a wén 40%. Hom thé nia ngudn nang lurgng ty nhién khéng phai la vo. tan. Do 46, higu qua trong bai toan vin hanh khOng chi mang lai hig qua ‘kinh té ma con dem lai sy phat trign bén vimg cho nhin logi. Van dé cu thé ma ching ta cdi xem xét la 46 gm chi phi c6 duge tir higu qua cia vige vin hanh higu qua hé thing ring Irgng hing nim. Néu goi Po 1 tai dink cua 48 thj phy ‘ai aims ky la he 56 tai, H, 1a lugng nhigt trung inh hing nim (do nhién tiga so cp tao ra) 68 igo ra kWh din ning; Cla chi phi trung binh trén méi don vi nhigt luong (nhién lig); khi d: ‘Téng sin lugng dign nang tgo ra wong nam Ia: Ae = 8760% K.P, (1.01) ‘Luong nbigt (nhién ligu) tiéu thy hing nim: Fo Het Ag (1.02) Chi phi nhiét (nhién ligu) hang, nim: C=CytF (1.03) Vi dy: My mt hg théng dign vita phai cé Ppa 10000MW; k=0.6; H.=10000Btw/kWh (Btu: British thermal unit - don vj nhigt luyng Anh tuomg aanato 1s Ce wl ab nog duong vi 1055J=252Calo); Chi phi nhién ligu trung binh Cq=2USD/tigu ‘Btu (Mbtu). Khi dé: Tng sn lugng dign nang tao ra trong nim li: Ac = 8760"0.5* 10000" 10? = 5256*10°kWh. Lugng abién liga tiéu thy hing nim: F. Chi phi nhién ligu hiing dim 2*10%5256*10!! = 10512*10° USD = 1.0512 ty USD ‘Nhu vay, vige tiét kigm chi phi vén hnh cho di I mét phan nhé cing anh huéng dang ké dén gid thinh san xudt dign va legng nhién ligu phai tiga téa. 10000%5256*10" = 5256*10" Btu Naty nay, cdc céng cy hé trg cho bai todn vén hinh kinh té hg thong ign duge phat trién nhanh chéng. Tuy nhién, sy mér rng eda hg théng cling nhanh chéng khéng kém, do d6 vige tim ldi giai t6i uu trong mot hg théng Ién véi nbiéu bién rang buge vin 1a vin 48 khé khan va cdn dang dugc cdc nhi nghién ctu quan tim. Bai togn quan trong nhat trong van hanh hg théng dign la cyc tidu chi phi vén hanh voi cac ring buge cho tude. Viée gidi bai toan nay 42 06 nhieu céng cu toan hoc ciing véi may tinh hd tro; tuy nhién khong phai Iie nio efing 6 nghigm vat ly theo yéu clu, Hon nita, ngiy nay rang bude vé khi thai ra méi trudng 1a yéu t6 dang duge quan tam; cGng vao 46 1A khéi niém an ninh hé théng (security) ning Iuong va sy phat trién ahiéu loai nha méy dign khée nhau 1m cho bai toda vén han ti uu hé théng ngdy cing phic tap. Day van cén la minh dit mau mé dé cde kf sx trong tong Jai lao vao nghién oi. 13. Dic tinh cia may phit trong van hanh hé thng 1.3.1, De tinh eda turbine hoi Trong phiin tich cée bai todn tng hop vé diéu khién van hinh hé théng ign ching ta lu6n ¢6 nhiéu thong sé phic tap. Véi turbine hoi nude théng sd dau vao la thang sé ciia hoi nude, dau ra 1a lugng dign ning phat vio luéi a mét phda cho ty ding (Auxiliary power system) ciia aha may (V6i mt turbine boi théng thyéng ung dign nang nay chiém tir 2 dén 6% téng san long dau ra cia turbine).Cheomg 1: Cée vin dé oh Turbine hoi nude May phat Fei aude dua vio mang, Nang ong ty cing — AP Hinb 1.1, Qué trinh mang lugng eta turbine hoi Qua trinh xem xét dac tinh cia turbine hoi chung ta ban vé ty | git tng ning lugng dau vao voi tong nang luong dau ra.Nang lugng dau vao cia turbine cé thé duge dic trmg bai lugng titn bé ra trong mét gid (tinh bing USD), sé tén than trong mot gid, thé tich khi ding trong mét gid hay nhtmg ‘dai lugng tuong ty vay. Ngé ra duge dic trung béi lugng cng sudt kha dung cé thé dura vao he théng (bao gom ca hg théng tyr ding), Méi lign hé gitta ngd vao va ra (dio tinh vio —ra) duoc minh hoa bing duéng cong &hinh 1.2. 3 2 bs 3g 34 25 é | é 2 | Pan Fy Poo PIMW) Pan Fou PIMW] @ © inh 1.2: Méi ign bg gitm ngé vio vi ra cia turbine hi Trong thyc té throng ngudi ta quan tm dén sudt ting chi phi ¢ (e chinh 14 dgo him cia chi phi nhién ligu theo cOng suét phat c=dF/4P). Méi lién hé gitta suét ting chi phi e va céng svat ng} ra cita mét turbine hoi duge minh hoa giin ding bing 43 thj hinh 1.3. D8 thj sudt ting chi phi duge str dung phd bién trong bai toan diéu do kinh té h@ théng dign, NO chinh la lugng chi phiheme 1: Che vin dé hang (ahién ligu) ting them 8 sin xudt thém mt lugng ¢ign nang tong img. ‘Thyc té méi lin hé gitta suit ting chi phi va cong sudt ngé ra la mét duong. cong lim tit gid tr] Prin dén Prax voi h8 sb géc tgi cdc diém P, tung img 1a Khéng Ién. Do dé trong tinh toan ching ta xem méi lién h¢ nay 14 tuyén tinh mhw hinh 1.3. Prin Prax P(MW] 1.3: Mai én Wé gitn sft ting chi phi vi ong sudt ned ra Suit ting oti phi (Bt, USDAWH) ‘Bac tinh quan trong cuéi cing cla mét turbine hoi la dc tinh suit tiéu hao mhigt nding. Day la dic tinh thé hién méi quan hé gitta nhiét ning d4u vao so v6i céng suit phat ngé ra, d6i khi né duge hiéu nhw dic tinh higu sudt lim vigc cUa may va duge minh hoa nhy hinh 1.4. : ag a3 34 3 Pan Paw PIMW] Hinb 1-4: Méilién hj gia suit tit hae ahije ning vi efng sudt ng8 ra Ching ta cén phan bigt sw khde biét gitta sudt tigu heo nhigt ning (suit nhigt-heat rate) va sudt chi phi nhién ligu (incremental heat rate) cho di dai lugng biéu dién trén hai truc toa d6 14 nhur nhau, Suat chi phi ahién ligu 18 lugng, nhién ligu (nhiét) thay déi (tang thém) chia cho lung thay 48i (ting) cia céng sudt ng6 ra. Sudt nhiét la lugng nhigt dé tao ra mot kWh dign.Chusomg 1: Céc win dé chung Higu sudt 1am vige cba mdt turbine hoi thong thurdng nim wrong khodng 30 dén 35%, do d6 suit tiéu hao nhiét ning cia ching n&m trong khoang 11400BtwkWh dén 9800Btv/kWh (IkWh tao ra nhigt tuong duong véi 3412Btu). Dic tinh tigu hao mhigt nling eta méi turbine hoi phy thuge vio cée thong 96 thiét ké nhu diéu kién nude ban dau, hé théng hdi nhiét, ap sudt néa, mite d6 phite tap cia chu trinh ngumg ty mrde,... Ngdy nay nhd sy phat trién ciia céng nghé nén higu suit eita turbine hoi cing durge nang lén dang ké. ‘Tom lai, c6 nhiéu dang khac nhau dé xay dymg diac tinh vao ra cla mot turbine hoi nhu hinh 1.2; dit ligu e6 thé e6 duge tir thc nghiém vén hank turbine hoie tir cde théng sé thiét ké ban dau ciia cde kp su, tir dé c6 thé vé lén cde dung cong dai sé. Trong nhiéu tradng hop ching ta cé thé sit dung. cac dung cong bac hai dé lam dc tinh vao ra cia mét turbine hoi. Déi khi dic tinh vio ra 1a cée doan thing ep khic néi tip nhau cing duge ding dén. ‘Tit nhién khi ding céc logi dic tinh vio ra khée nhau ching ta cling ¢6 duge cde dic tinh sudt wing chi phi khéc nhau. Khi 46, img voi mdi dae tinh suit ting chi phi khic nhau ching ta xéy dymg nhimg bai todn van hanh kinh 18 hé thong dign khéc nhau. 13.2. De tinh bién 4éi va lich sit phat trién cia turbine hoi Nad vio (Btwh) Pou Pox PIMW) Suit ting chi phi e (Bu, USD/KWh) ‘Wink 1.5: Mi abe glen niga tigu vik sult ogo ra khieé 4 van ditu khiéateong 1: Cée vin dé chung Voi cde may phat cOng sudt Ién turbine cla ching duge digu khién bing nhiéu duing hoi khdc nhau (théng qua cée van diéu khién khéc nba), Khi 46 dac tinh vao ra khong thé nhw hinh 1.2 va 1 3; thy thuge vio sé van didu cép hai cho turbine ma dic tinh s& Khde nhau mA de tinh vao ra ). shu hinh 1.5 (vé trong tring hyp 6 4 van diéu M6t vin dé gp phai khi sir dymg md binh turbine niy 1a khi mt van nao dé duge mé trxée thi thn hao tiét liu ciia van dé ting én nhanh. chong va. suit ing chi phi cling ting lén dot ngét. Digu nay din déa tinh ‘khOng lién tue ctia ede dic tinh ting ten (xem hinh 1.5), Do 46 mé hinh nay khong durge ding trong thuc tign. Mot mo hinh durge sir dang phé bién trong cae nha méy nhit dién cong sult lon 1 eée 16 hoi duge didu khién ndi chung vi cing efp hoi dng thai ccho m@t lie nhigu turbine. M6 hinh kigu nay duge goi tat 1a mé hinh ding chang (command-header plant) durge minh hoa nu so 4 hinh 1.6. Turbine hoi mnie May phat Ning hugng da vo mang Hinh 1.6. M6 hint nha may dign turbine hei ding chung, Trong mé hinh nay luén cé mét turbine (turbine T;) duge lip @ dau “ngon” cia chu trinh (topping turbine) dé tan dung ngubn hoi thite trong qué ‘trinh van hanh.ecm 1 Cc win & chung ‘Tinh higu qua cla m6 hinh ding chung nay da durge khin dinh (van 48 nay da duge Steinberg, va Smith dé cép chi tiét trong cuén Economy Loading of Power Plant and Electric Systems xuit ban nim 1943), Tinh higu qua ctia né oén thé hign 6 ché vira tao ra ngudn dign 1én cho hé théng tir mét nha may nho vita cung cp nhiét cho cdc hé théng sudi dm ciing nhir lam anh tai cde hu dan cu déng diic. Sau thé chién thir hai m6 hinh nay duge sir dung r6ng, fi trong céc nha may nhiét dign. Turbinekhi My phat or Nang lugng da vio mang ‘Hinb 1.7 M6 hinh nba may nhift chu trinh két hop. ‘én true nhimg ndm cua thap ki 60 ching dhrge gi’ bé va thay thé biing cde nha méy hign dai va cé higu suit cao hon. Tuy nhién, do tbc 46 6 thi héa nhanh din dén nhu cau tai nhiét ting lén nhanh chéng vi vay mé hinh logi nha may ding chung khong nhing bj go b6 ma con duge phat trién nhanh. Dén cu6i nhimg nam 1960 m6 hinh nha may nhigt dign turbine hoi chu trinh két hgp (combined cycle plant) ra di. Mt turbine Khi théng thu’ng cd higu sudt Lim vige nim trong khoang 25 dén 30% (nghia 1d c6 sudt nbigt tir 13600 dén 11400Btu/k Wh, cao hon turbine hoi) va d6i héi phai cé nhién ligu 3Chuomg 1: Cie vd dé chu dau vao 1a diu hoge khi dét va ban diu ching chi ding cho vige phi dinh trong h@ théng dign, Nhigt ta ra cia turbine khi la rét cao (théng thuéng khodng hon 600°C). Vi vay viée két hop gita c&e turbine khi 6 nhiét 46 ta ra Jén véi cdc turbine hoi 48 tén dung lugng nhigt (md hinh HRSG — heat recovery steam generators) sé lam cho higu sudt cia to&n b6 chu trinh ting lén ang ké. Nha may nhigt din sit dung mé hinh nay duge minh hea nhu hinh 1.7. Bic tinh nhigt cia logi nha méy dign chu trinh hén két hop duuge minh hoa nh hinh 1.8. Véi loai nha may nay sud nhigt co thé giém xubng con 8500 BtwkWh hode thdp hon. Véi logi nha miy dign nay viée xéc dinh de tinh sudt ting chi phi tir cdc dit Tigu sin oé 1a rét khé khin. Birimg de tinh suat ting chi phi thudmg cé dang don digu gidm (hic & diém cyc tigu) theo ebng sudt ngo ra. Suds nbige (BuvkWh) PF sstame mics * PoMW) Hinb 1.8: Dje tinh abigt cin abit my nbiét dig chu trinh kée hop +h khde cic duimg dc tinh suét ting chi phi cita logi nha mé ny c6 h@ s6 géc Gm va khéng lién tue. Digu nay sé kho khin, trong vige gi bai todn van hénh kinh té may phit. Tir de tinh hinh 1.8 ta théy ring phone n van hanh kinh té ciia nha may logi nay 1a van hanh é ché 46 day tai trong subt thd} gian van hinh. Mét cfu di mé duuge dic ra ld cé hay khOng logi nha may kiéu nay durge thiét ké 48 vn hinh diy tai trong khoing thi gian 6000 én 7000 giee trong m6t nim. ‘Tit nhign 1a ché d} phat céng suat cba nha méy phai phy thuge vio nhu edu tdi va méi lién hé gitta cdc nha may trong hé théng dign voi nhau.Chnrong 1: Cée vin a8 chung ‘Negay nay vige thiét ké nha may nhiét dién chu trinh két hop 8 dugc cai tién ding ké, vi dy nhu 1d mé hinh hai turbine ging cing tryc dé truyén dong cho mét may phat nhim myc dich tin dyng lung nhiét thira, hay vide tn dung cdc nguén nhiét thira dé phyc vy cho céc mye dich khdc nhu suai ‘Am, lam lenh va m6t s6 qua trinh h6a ly khde eiing ld van d@ can quan tim, 13.3. Die tinh cia turbine thiy dign ‘Turbine thiy dién (Hydroelectric) c6 d¥e tinh vao-ra twong ty nhur turbine hoi. Ng6 vao cua turbine thy dign la leu hrgng nude Q(m°/n); ting, ‘véi lu lugng nude di vao turbine trong mdi don vi thoi gian ching ta s& co duge Iugng céng suét ng6 ra tuong img. Hinh 1.9 mé ta dic tinh vao-ra cia mét turbine thiy dign véi gia thiét 4p lyre nude dua vao turbine (tong tg. Y6i chiéu cao higu dung cia oft nuéc) la khong déi. Lan Iegng vio Q¢on*/a) ‘Suét tang chi phi (m?/kWh) Pos MW] Hinh 19: Die tinh vlo-ra cia turbine Hiab f ciia turbine thay dign Nhin chung dije tinh vio-ra ctia turbine thiy dign 1A dung thing trong phin In diém van hanh cia méy phat va mi lién bé gitia Iu lugng ngd vao ‘va céng suit ngé ra li dong ign, Tuy nhién, khi van hinh may phdt vugt qui gid tri dinh mite thi 46 déc cia dung dc tinh vao ra s$ ting nhanh (higu sudt Jam vige cia turbine lic nay giam xudng dang ké). Dudng cong sudt tang chi phi cia turbine thiy dign duge minh hoa nhu hinh 1.10. Chi y ring don vi ‘cia Iu long trong hai duéng cong 1.9 va 1.10 cé thé durge cho dudi dang m/s, fh hoge /s.hte 1 Cae wn tb ring Véi m@t turbine thay dign dugg cong dic tinh vao-ra sé khéc nhau khi 49 cao higu dung ciia ot nude La vige ld Khic nhau, Théng thudmg dang ciia ching dugc tinh tuyén theo chiéu ting din cia Iu rng ngé vao Khi d6 cao higu dung gidm dan va duge minh hoa ahy hinh 1.11. z z 3 2 : z z Poot (MW) ih 1.11: Df tiah vao-ra cia turbine thay dif theo 9 cao ot suie Tuy nhién, viée xem xét 46 cao edt nude 1a khong déi trong vin hinh chi cé ¥ nghia khi lugng nude chay céc t3 méy cia nha méy thy ign rat nho s0 véi thétich higu dung cua hd chia thugng nguén hoae lugng nue chay may xip xi voi lugng nude bé sung vio hé chita, Khi céc dida kign 6 trén khéng théa mén thi vigc vén hanh méy phat thiy dign phai dyra vio nhigu dung dinh tinh khée nhau nhu hinh 1.11. Dinbién bai todn vn hanh hie niy st kho khan hon khOng nhong do phai van hanh voi nhiéu duéng dac tinh khde nhau ma cén do cdng suat phat eye dai cita may phat ciing thay déi. Tir hinh 1.11 ta thay Iuu Ivong nuéc can dé duy tri céng sudt ng ra sé ting lén Khi 46 cao higu dung gidm va tinh trang sé ngay cing tim trong hon (anh huéng dén an ninh he théng dign) néu khong duge khic phyc. Mot hudng gid quyét trong trximg hgp nay 1a m6 hinh nha méy thiy dign tich nang (pumped storage hydro plant). 11.4. Phirong phap xy dyng ajc tinh chi phi td may phat 7Chaeomg 1: Cé vin dé chung Nhu da trinh biy & trén, suit chi phi cla mgt turbine nhigt dign c6 duyc minh hoa gin ding bing mdt phuong trinh bac 2 theo cOng sudt phat ng} ra nhur sau: + bP + eP* (1.04) ‘Véi may phat thiy dign méi lién hé nay 1a ham bée nhdt theo céng suit phat. Vige xdy dymg dc tinh nay cho méi t8 may la cin thidt; né gitip cho bai toin diéu 46 t6i uu sao nay, Thong thuong nha sin xudt ludn cung cp dang tuong minh cia dic tuyén trén theo ede diéu kign vin hinh khéc nhau. Tuy nhiéa, theo thai gian van hanh, dic tuyén 6 thé bi sai léch adi chit véi dic tuyén ban dau ciia nha sin xudt cung ep. Do dé ching ta phi xéy dung Iai dic tuyén moi dé dam bao tinh chinh xdc trong tinh toin. Phuong phap xéc djnh cde théng sé trong phuong trinh sudt chi phi duye sir dyng phd bién 1a thong. ké thue nghiém. Véi phuong phép nay, ching ta tién hanh do long nbién ligu thy trung binh trong mét khoang théi gian C, (thuémg khodng | gid) ‘mg ‘Véi cic gid tr] cong sudt phat trung binh P; & ngO ra sau dé tién hanh giai he phisong trinh véi céc tham sé durge xéc dinh theo phuong phip binh phuong cur tidu (least square) va hé phuong trinh dirge xy dung nhur sau: [an bEP, + c8P! = 3C, aX? +b3P? + c3P! (05) ‘Trong 46; n a sé lan tién hanh do; C; 1a chi phi nhién li¢u trung binh trong, Khoang théi gian thir i img céng suét trung binh ngé ra Py. Gidi hé phuong trinh (1.05) chiing ta s@ tim ra cde tham s5 trong phwong trinh (1.04). Vidy 1: Mot t6 may nhiét dign 06 cde thong do duve trung binh tai céc gitr img ‘véi céng suat phat nlur sau: Pa(MW) ‘C(USD/MWh) 1217.5 | 1292 Bing 1.1: $6 ligu cho yidy Lt Hity xée dinh cdc tham s6 trong phuong trinh chi phi dang him béc 2.thecong 1: Cée vin dé chung Gili Ti két qua bing sé ligu ta tinh durge céc tham sé trong hé phirong trinh (1.05) nh & bang 1.2 ing 12: Kétqua tinh toin cho vid 1.1 38953700 ‘Thay céc gid tri vao phuong trinh (1.05) ta due: 5a + 400b + 330006 = 5725 4000 + 330006 + 2800000¢ = 463300 33000a + 28000006 + 243540000¢ = 38953700 ).005. Giai hg phuong trinh trén ta duge: a=592; b=6.5 va 1.5. Phuong php gidi bai ton t6i wu ham phi tuyén 1.5.1. Nhite lai vé eye tr] ham nhieu bién Cho mét him z=f(x,y) xac dinh va lign tuc trong mién D nao 46 chéa diém M(x,,yo) thi ta néi ring ham f(x,y) éat cue dai tai diém M(x,,y.) néu trong lin ef nao dé cia diém M te cé: f{xy)floryo) ). Didu nay dng nghia véi him mot bién flxy.) dat eye tr tai X=X,, Theo dinh ly, Phecma néu tn tai dgo ham ring f(x,y) thi dao ham dy phai bing khong, Cye tri trong truéng hop vita néi & trén duge thiét lp khi x, y bién thin dc Ip trong toan bO mién xée djnh D va n6 duye goi ld cyte tri khong diéu kign. Trong truémg hop ta xét x, y khOng bién thién tay ¥ ma bj ring bude béi diéu kign nao dé (gid sir bj ring bude béi phurong trinh e(xy)=0), tite diém M(x,y) khéng chay tiy ¥ trong mién D ma nim chi nim wén mot duong cong C nao dé. Khi d6 cue tr] dat duge goi la cue trj c6 digu kign hay cue tr] rang bude. B‘huomg 1: Céc vn dé chung Dé tim oye tr eta him da bién kha vi ching ta throng ding dinh ly Phecma; xac djnh cdc dgo ham thanh phan tuong img, gidi hg phuong trinh ce dao ham thanh phan nay dé tim ra céc gia tri téi han. Phuong phdp thir hai duye sit dung phd bién trong cde bai todn kf thugt 1A phuong phip nin tir Lagrange (Largrange multiplier). Day cfing la phuong phép chi yéu sir dung trong tai ligu nay dé gidi céc bai todn t6i wu. Chi ¥ ring phuong phép nban tit Lagrange ding dé tim cue tri trong trong ca truimg hop ede him sé khéng o& dao ham riéng cép 1 lin tye tai lin cdn diém eye tr] va dim oye tr] tring voi diém ky dj cia ham rang bude (ngudi doc tham khao thém trong cdc tai ligu tofn cao cp), 1.5.2. Bai todn ti wu khdng rang bude Téi wu ham phi tuyén 1a mOt céng cy quan trong trong céc bai toan ky thuit (dic bigt 6 sy try gitp ctia may tinh - CAD-Computer-sided design). Xt 6 cp do rOng hon thi né chinh 1a bai toan qui hoach phi tuyén (nonline programming). Ly thuyét eo ban va phuong phdp gidi 4 duge dé cép trong rat nhidu sich (nguéi doe 06 thé ty tham khdo thém). Myc dich cy thé eiia vige dp dung phuong phédp nay 1a tim cuc tiéu cia mgt s6 d6i wrong phi wyén trong bai toan vn hanh tdi uu hé théng dién. Céng cy todn hee 4é gidi bai ton 151 uu khéng rang buge 1a giai tue tiép thong qua dinh ly Phecma dé tim cyc tiéa cic ham chi phi cy thé nao d6. Xét him f gdm n bién c6 dang f(x, x,..., Xa) thi cue tiéu cha him nay chi dat urge Ki: ef = a0 int, 2,....n (1.06) Hay viét rat gon dudi dang ky higu ta cé: w=0 (1.07) x xr we & ~ (1.08) duge goi ld vecta gradient. Diu kién lién é6i véi thanh phin dgo him béc hai duge cho boi: of (1.09) aPhuong trinh trén duge viét dudi dang ma trén thi dé duge goi la ma trin Hessian (Hessian matrix), Gia trj cye tiéu tim duge tai dim (Xtoy X209--+s Xoo) phai théa hai diéu kign 1a dao him cép mét tai diém d6 bing khong va ma trin Hessian phii cé cde trj rigng (eigenvalue) duong tgi diém dinh gid (x10, X20) X4g)- N6i cach khée ham sO s& dat duge eye tiéu tai diém M khi dao ham cép mét tai diém M bang khéng va dao ham cép hai tai diém ny duong. Trong truéng hyp ham f chi o6 hai bién x1, x2 thi ching ta c6 thé kiém tra didu kign circ tiéu tai diém M nhu sau: ASL Mlsin x0) Sagas MO as Co er MCs x Va D~AC-B*. Khi d6 néu D>0 thi ham s6 mdi 5 cue tri va sé dat eye tiéu khi A>0 (hay C>0). ‘Tom lai, vige tim cye tiéu khong diéu kign ring bude cla mot ham sé 1a i tim tap tat ca céc diém dé dao him cia him sé bing khong; gidi hé phuong trinh dé duroc céc théng sé edn tim va kiém tra diéu kign cuc tigu theo go him cp hai. Tuy nhién néu bai todn c6 mét eye tidu thi dé la cyc tidu ‘toan cyc, trong trudng hgp nguge Iai chting ta phai xac dinh tt ca cdc gid tri cy tiéu dé tim ra cye tiéu toan cyc cita bai ton, Vidy 1 Tim eye tiéu cia ham s6: Ay Nay Xs) = PH.D At XDXG- SK Hl Oxa-2OKS+1 00 go ham bac nhét cdc thanh phan va cho bang khéng ta co: x Fa 2K ptxp5= 7 Dita 5 =0 Faye -10= Z = nitty 10=0 ©» x:46x320=0 2, Hay viét dudi dang ma tra ta c:itso 1: Cc vin 8 chung 21 ots] [5 741]]x,|=|s0/ hay HexX=A or6)ls,| [20 210) v6i H lima trén Hessian a 41 016: bX Giai hé phwong trinh trén ta durge: xj] [18750 x, |=| 12500 x} [31250 Sir dung ham eig(H) trong matlab ta xic dink durge eée tr ring cia ma trin H tuong img la: 1.5505; 4 va 6.4495, Nhgn théy ring céc trj riéng cla ma win H déu dong. Nhu vay ham f sé dat gid tr) eye tidu tai (x, x2, x3) 6 trén voi sid tr cue tiéu la (1.8750, 1.2500, 3.1250) = 57.8125. 1.5.3. Bai toan thi wu véi rang buge dang ding thire Dang bai todn nay thurimg xuét hién khi ham sé phy thuge vio cée théng 56 cho trde. Xét him 36 cin xée dinh cyc tiéu o6 dang: FE, Xap. Xe) (1.10) phuong tinh ring bude o6 dang: BRA M)=O LZ k LN) Trong trréng hop nay chiing ta ding phwong ph4p nhén tir Lagrange dé chuyén tir t5i uu cé rang buge v8 khong rang bude va duge vide duéi dang anhu sau: L=#D4, (1.12) Két qua bi 48 06 eye tidu cé did kign ching ta phii gidi hai he phuong trit WF 45 aa +e (1.13) 14)Churong vdn dé chung Ché ¥ ring phuong trinh (1.14) chi Ja digu kign ning bude ban diu. Tir he phwong trinh nay ching ta xdc dinh duge cae gia tri cye trj. Gid tr eye tiéu la gid tri théa diéu kién: thse VE x(K ip Keen) (1.15) Trong trudng hyp ham fchi cé hai bién x), x2 thi ching ta c6 thé kiém wa diéu ‘kign cy tigu tai diém M nhur sau: Posy sn 80 Ey Es Ie'es Lag 2 Khi do néu A>0 thi ham 6 dat cue tiéu 06 digu kign tai diém M. at: Itai diém M(%Xio, x20) Vidy 13: Tim cye tiéu cla ham s6 f(x, x2) = xi7#x" voi dibu kién (x1-8)H00- 6)P=25. Gia: Bai ton durge dua vé dang eye tiéu khong hu sau: xy tg FAL (1-8) Hx2-6)-25] cdc think phan dao ham céip mét la: = xHx-16) (4) = 2xsth(2Qxy-12) (**) a a Gidi be phwong trinh (*), (**) va (***) ta c6 hai cp nghiém (y=1, x=4, 4273) va (Qu=-3, x12, x29), T6i dy ching ta c6 thé thay vao phuong trinh ban dau dé tim ra cye tiéu (d@ dang nhfn thay v6i A;=1 ta cé eve tiéu tai diém Mi(xi=4, x=3)). Tuy nhién dé lam mét cach bai ban ta tiép tuc kiém tra diéa kign eye tiéu theo dao ham edp hai. Ta cé: (x1-B) (2-625. (***)Chucong vin dé chung Sends enh = 2424 tir dd tacd: d?L=(2+24)(Pxytd?x9) Tai diém A=! thi 472>0; 2=3 thi @?7<0. Véy ham cb dat cuc tigu cd digu kién tai diém (x\=3, 94) v6i fiis=25, Chit ¥: ching ta cing co thé kiém tra didu kign cue tiéu theo gia tr] rigng cua ma trén Hessian duge cho bai céng thite (1.07). Trong trutng hep nay: 40 o4. 40 -4, 4 4 z Hoe |: Hu |: va cist {f) siethar | ] ‘Trong nhiéu truong hop vige gidi hé phuong trinh cia céc dao him cip’ mot khéng thé thue hign duge bing phuong phap gidi tich. Khi 44, ching ta phai diing phuong php giai lap (phuong phdp giai lp duge ding phé bién la Newton-Raphson). Cach giai lap don gian mhat 1 cho mét gid tr] uéc lugng i ban diu nao dé sau dé tinh Af, Néu Af bing 0 thi 2 dat dirge turong img la gid tj cn tim etia bai todn tdi wu, Nguge lai, tdy thude vdo déu cia Af ma ta ting hofe gidm i. a8 giai tip & bude tiép theo. Két qua giai lap sé dimg khi Af nbd hon mt gid trj sai s6 cho phép néo 46, Dé gidi lap trong tring hyp nay trude hét ching ta chuyén tat ca céc phuong trinh dgo ham cap mét bing khong cita him Lagrange vé dang: f()-0 (1.16) Chon gié tri uc Iugmg ban diu cia 2 va cap nhit Iai sau méi bude lip theo cng thite (van dé niy da trinh bay chi tiét trong mon hé thong dign 1): An = =4GY (17) (£ a va AED = MAA) (1.18) Trong vi du 1.3 néu giai bing phuong phip lip ta tién hanh nhw sau: *).(*) ta cd: x= 84: = fh 88) tir (*), (**) ta 06: xy Fat Ty} thay vio (4) ta duge phuong tinh: 10037 _ 2008 O° ei 241 5-9 @) ae isCh Cb 2004 __200 200 (as1P (ari axl va (@) l& mt phuong trinh phi tuyén va ta str dung mét doan chuong trinh matlab sau dé giai lap bing phurong phip Newton-Raphson. {% Gin apm cng por phar ap Newton a Solan lap Dt= 10; % Gat saiso goitan Lambda = inpui( Nop vao gi uo luong ban dau cua Lamba frit dsp(’ iter Df J DLambda Lambda x yf) wall abs(Of) >= 0.0001 % Kiem tra dieu kien sai so stall t: Tang sc lan tap ‘LambsalLaribaa + 1); baa +1) 8)°2 + iy -6)°2- 28; %Deta {theo emda ‘J=-200,Lembde + 173; %Deta flamday theo lamda Delambda =04U: 94 Tim delta lama ‘isp(sll,Df, J, Delambda, Lambda, x, y) Lambda= Lambda + Delamtda;—'” % Cap nhat lamda end Ké qua chay chuong trinh véi gid trj wée long ban diu =0 ta cb: "Nhap yao gtr uoe hong ban éau cua Lambe = 0 SH DEJ Lamba Lambés xy 1.0000 73.0000 -200000 0380 9 9 0 2.0000 278976 769345 03@5 05750 2.1518 1.8304 3.0000 81277 -3R.258 O21 0737S 3.3858 25459 4.0000 12823 26.5480 0.0176 09505 3.987 29240 5.0000 0044 25.0682 0.0018 0.9982 3.5964 29973, {6.0000 00001 -25.0001 0.0000 1.0002 4.0000 3.0000 1.5.4, Bai toan t6i wu véi rang buge dang bat ding thire Baj todn twong ty nhu bai todn 16i wu rang bu6c dang ding thire nhumg_ bay gid ta xét rang bude c6 dang: Bt, Kayes Xe ok 19) va MiGs Xas.sey Xq) SO 2, sym (1.20) ‘Trong truéng hgp nay ding phuong phap nbn tir Lagrange dé chuyén tt téi wu daring bude vé bai toan khOng rang bude nhu sau: L Sant Sah, (1.21 Két qua ld dé tim cue tiéu 06 digu kign chiing ta phai gidi hai hé phurong trinh: B3p, so (1.24) Bj =O vaBj>O jl, 2,....m (1.25) Chat ¥ ring phuong trinh (1.23) chi la diéu kin ding thie ring bugs ban du. Git 8 G16 Yao. Mo) I gid ts} nghidm eve tiéu oa ba fosn, Khi 6 rang bude & bat phuong trinh (1.24) 1a khong cin thiét néu ching duge git dimg. y6n tai diém (X10, X20, Xo) VA B=0. Trdg hop nguoe lei phuong trinh (1.25) de git thi cic rang bude phii phii duge xem xét (4éy li ngi dung ote didu kign cfn cia dinh ly Kuhn ~ Tucker; nguési doc tham khéo ‘thém). Khi d6 ring buge bit ding thie duge gidi nhw rang bude ding thit. Vidy 1. Gidi Iai bai ton 6 vi dy 1,3 véi diéu kign g(x)-(x)-8)*+(x2-6)"=25 va h(x)=2xy4xyS12. Phuong trinh Lagrange hic nay 06 dang: L= xy 4x2? +Af(1-8)*4(2-6)-25]+ (2m, Hx2-12) Bigu kign cén cia céc rang bude duge viét nhu sau: =2xt2Mer8)28=0 (a) 2 =2n2K(e-6)8=0 (6) (X18) +0%2-6)-25= 0 (c) 2xpxr12=0 © wo Tir (@) va (b) ta suy ra: Qnrdra)(L40)+8 © SS ayChacong | Va tir bén didu kign (a), (b), (c) va (d) ta 06 méi quan hé: SAS48 yg yy $a424 Tea THA in db ch wg = 122xy5 = thay vao (c) ta c6 duge phuong trinh phi tyén theo A nhu sau: (ae (4ar2a ~8) + THA Tea Ratt gon phuong trinh trén ta duge: 742040.36=0 gidi phuong tinh trén ta durge hai nghiém A.=-0.2 va As=-1.8, Thay vao céc phuong trinh trén ta duc hai diém: MiQu=5, x2=2, M=-0.2, 5.6) M,0q=3, x26, Lo=-1.8, B,=-12) Thay vao gid trj cia x vio ham f ta xéc dinh duge gid ti oye tiéu xdy ra tai diém My, Ching ta c6 thé minh hoa bai toan bling hinh hoc nhu hinh 1.12, lin 1.12: Miah ve mish bya eho bitoun eye edu eda vidy Lt > xt 1.6. Cau héi va bai tap Cfu hai 1.1: Vai tra cia van hanh trong hé théng dién? ‘Cau héi 1.2: Dac tinh chung ciia céc loai t6 may phét trong hé théng dién? ‘Cfu hdi 1.3: Cac phuong phap tim eye tri cia ham $6? aChieong 1; Céo vin dé chung Caw hoi 1.4: Cae phurong xc djnh dae tuyén chi phi tb may phat? Bai tap 1.1: Mét t8 may nhiét dign c6 cdc thong do duge trung binh tai cic gid tg véi cong sudt phat nhu sau: Pow(MW) C(USD/MWh) 1929.6 | 2110 ‘Bing 1.3: Sé iu cho bai tp 1.1 Hay xée djnh ede tham s6 trong phuong trinh chi phi dang ham bjc 2. Bai t4p 1.2: Tim eye tia cia him sé; 15 Nay X3) = Hea 65H tas STH ON 20K SO, Bai tp 1.3: Tim chu vi nhé nhit cia hinh chit nhét n6i tigp trong durong trim 6 phurong trinh e(%:, Xo) = xi74xo"-1=0. Bai t§p 1.4: Tim cye tiéu ciia ham 36 ffxi, x3) = x1"txz" vei didu kign (x) 8)4(1-10)°=36. tu clia ham sé ffx, x2) = x)7+2x:? véi ring bude g(x, 0. Bai t§p 1.5: Tim eye FOX Tim ue tid ‘eda ham s6 ffx), x2) = x1742:" véi rang buge a(x, +17=0. Tim eye tigu oda ham 35 f(%;, x2) = x;74x,? véi ring bude g(x, 1? -Sxxj-m27120 = 0 va h(x}, %2) = Ixy te > 6.Chueong 2: Didu ds kink é my pdt DIEU DQ KINH TE GIU'A CAC MAY PHAT NHIET DIEN 2.1. Vin d8 digu dp kinh té Ching ta biét ing trong hé théng dign cde may phat duge lign két voi hau va cing cung cap céng suét cho nhu edu ct thi. Hinh vé 2.1 1i m6 hinh cba vige lién két nay. qt Va didu kign ring bage P;+Py#P; = Pp, Tir day ching ta v8 ofc dugng thing P,, Pz, Ps theo 2.nhurhiah 2.2. 5.2-+0,008P2 = A. 2Tirhinh vé 2.2 ta nan thdy ring voi mdi gid trj cua A, néu tong cong suit phat cia cac 16 may nho hon Pp thi ching ta phai ting A; ngugc lai ching ta phai gidm 2. Gid tri. t6i uu det durge IA khi ndo théa digu kién tng céng suit phat bing céng sudt yéu clu Pp. Trong trudng hyp cia vi dy 2.1 bling cdch ade dinh cdc diém giao nhau gitta (Pj), (P2) va (Ps) véi dug thing 4 =8.53, ching ta xde dinh duge cae gid tr] P, t6i uu twong img cite cic «8 may phat hu’ 6 cau a ©) Sit dung phuong phap giai lip voi gid sit gif tri ude hugng ban dau 1=7 ‘Tir cOng thiic (2.12) va (2.13) ta 06 ede gia tr] P; 6 bude lip thirnbat ahu sau: ‘Tit Pp=800, ta tinh durge sai s6 AP theo céng thite (2.20) ta eé: AP‘ = 800-(83,3333+100+75) = 541.6667 ‘Tir céng thitc (2.18) ta co: ‘ 541.6667 - on a a a 1.5294 20005 * 20.009" 20008 ‘cap nhat N= PLAN = 7415294 = 8.5294 tip tye tinh & vong Rip thé hai, ta cé: 5294 = cer 338.: 30003 2353 MW 0) _ 8.5294 ~6.2 Fe on 291-1765 MW = 8529/-5.8. 59 pio = S025 = 170.5882 MW AP®) theo céng thite (2.20) ta cé: AP = 800-(338,2353+291.1765+170.5882)=0 Din day bai toén tinh lap dimg va gid tj cOng sudt t6i uu d6 la: Pi=338.2353 MW; P:=291.1765 MW va P;=170.5882 MW img véi A=8.5294 USD/MWh. ‘Tong chi phi nhién ligu cia céc 6 may trong mOt gid la:Chicemg 2: Diéw di kinh ié may phét Cr= Cy+CztCy = 550+6.5(338.2353)40.003(338.2353]+ 350 +6.2(291,1765) +0,004(291.1765)"+250+5.8(170.5882)+0.008(1 70,5882)’ = 7058.4 USD/h ‘Ching ta c6 thé sir dung doan chirong trinh Matlab sau dé giai lap bai toan: 9 Giailap dung phuong phap Newton-Rephson 8 -(980, 250, 250), ba165;62; 6.8) ‘e={003; 004; 008) PD=800; P2P3 DP grad Delambda')) 9% Treo cong thuc (2.20), J sum onealengine) )/@);, 2 Tong dao ha cap na Delambda= DeiP i: % Theo cong thuc (218) dlsp(lambda, P(‘), P2) PC), DeP, J Delambdal) lambda = laribde + Delaméda; 9% Cap rhatlamda one r= sumia +b +02.) Teng eh phinhion ou ‘Két qua chay chuong trinh ‘Nhap vao gia tri uoe luong eva Lambda =7 Lambda Pl P23. daoham2 Deltalambda 7.0000 83.3333 100.0000 75,0000 541.6667 354.1667 1.5294 85294 338.2353 291.1765 170.5882 0.0000 354.1667 0.0000 CT = 7.0884e+003 23. Ditu 46 kinh té khi tinh dén gidi han cng sudt ede t3 may vi bé qua tén that Céng suat ngé ra cita mot may phat khéng dupe vugt qué gid tri cho phép. (chi yéu 1a do giéi han nhigt cia cde cugn day) va fing khéng thé nim dudi gidi hgn chi djnh (do rang buge vé én dinh ea may phat). Do vay, cOng sudt cia mbi 16 may phi doe gid han trong khodn Pain Vi Prws nd0 46, Bi todn 4igu 49 ti wu trong traéng hyp niy 1a tim lugng eéng sudt phat ra cia mdi td may trong nba may dé tdag chi phi theo cong thie (2.03) 1a bé nhat véi ring ‘bude cho béi phuong trinh (2.04) va bat phuong trinh ring bude duge cho béi cng thite sau: @21) Picniny S$ Pi $ Pim) i=l, 2, 29‘ecg 2: Bid dp kinh tb my phit V6i Pimins Pim 18 gisi han cong sudt nh6 nhét va 16n nhdt cia td may phat thir i, Theo digu kign cia dirh ly Kuhn-Tucker trong bai toin téi uu ding nhan tir Lagrange thi kién dé c6 nghiém tdi wu khi bd qua tin thét duge xe dinh nur sau: Khi Piesny ly Hiign thi két qua 2.4: Liu 48 gid thug tah tp bai tosn did 46 tie ode #3 méy Chuong trinh diéu 46 t6i uv duge viét trén nén matlab rét don gién, Dt ligu ban dau cia chyong trinh bao gdm ma tri chia hé s6 cla cdc him chi phi (goi tit 14 ma tran chi phi). Néu cé n, t5 may thi ma tin chi phi sé la ma trin vugn cp ny*ng. Thong sé ban diu thé: hai cia chuong trinh diéu d@ 1a ma ‘tran gidi han cong suit cia céc t6 my, edp cua ma tran nay sé 1A n,2. Céng suat nhu cdu Pp, cdc ma trén tén that B, B, va hing s6 B,. cling lé dit ligu ban iu cia bai ton. Ngoai ra, bai todn cin nhiip vio céng suit co ban cia hé théng, Sau day La doan ma chuong trinh viét bang matlab, ‘copyright () 2008 by Nguyen Trurg Nan ‘SKCHUONG TRINH DIEU 00 TO! UU CONG SUAT CAC TOMAY clear feat Etat Pa input Nap vao teng corg svat mu cau Pa leo, ond ifenstcr=t ‘ost = ingut( Nap vao ma tran ch phi C ese, 38Chuomg 2: Bibu a6 kink tb gg = lorgtiv(, 19) Hfexist'gohancs’==4 giohance=[zeros(rgg, 1), infones(ngg. 1) alse, end Wexist(B)-=1 B= zerosingg, nagl: else, snd ifexist(BO)-=1 Bo=zer0s(1, nga) ‘leo, ana if exist? B00}-=1 ese, ona Mexia cscovan)-=4 ‘escoban= 10; ese, end clear Pag Bu sum(emax) FTong cong suat nhucau on hon tong cong eval mex cua cae may ‘Lo gia khong kha thi iam" CS nbu cau hoae thay doi giol han CS: phat, ‘Siep(Errort),rotumn ‘alseif Pd < surnPmin) Erord= [Tong cong svt hucau nko hon ong cong suat mn cua eae may pI "Lo’ lei khong kh thi Tang CS nhu cau hoae thay doi gicihan C8: phat isplErr02),retumn else, end oil= 0, Delp = 10; E-Bu; Hexisi¢lambday—=1 lambda=max(b). end while abs(DelP) >=0.0001 & st < 200 stzstet, c(kylambda + Bulk Det) = 172°(4 -BO(k)-b(klambda) ee, E(KK)=1; Dxik) =O, for meting) tm=h fork=t.neg Hagtl=t Pagtk) = PPCky else.end eng Pat = sum(P9): PL=Pga"Bu"Pag +B0"Pyo'~B00u: De =Pa+PL-Pott; 39‘or it Posto Prax & abalOer) <0.001, oat) = Pranic; mate) =| elseif Pag(k)< Print &. soem <= 0.001 ggik) = Pink) wat) = 0, ese, end ona PL=Pgg"Bu*Pag*B0"Pag+800u; DelP #Pd +PL- sumiP93), forkehngg BP=0, for m=tngn itm==k BP= EP + Bu(km)"Pagim, ‘leo, nd end grad BONE) PBUKCA AK" BPH ft ba Buk), umgrod-watgres Delambda = De'Pisumgrad; ‘isp(s, lade, Px), Pgg(2), Paa(3), PL, DaPy {mo = ara + Dente ‘Srnuat ang chi phi cu cc tomay(ystemlarbda) = 8 eFUSOAWN ‘nr, ambde), {printf Dieu do tol uu CS car tomay:nin) sep(Pog) clear B> Dx DelP Delambda E PP grad sumgrad wot Bu B00uB BO BOD Vidy 2.4: Cho so dé hé théng dign nhv hinh 2.5, Ba may phat c6 cac ham chi phi tuong (mg nhur sau: (Cy) = 250+7.2P +0.0051 C, = 200+6P,+0.008P? 3 C= 150+6.5P3+0.004P,? Rang bude céng suat nhu sau: 15 Byg, 12 Buy thay thé real(H) vao (2.83) ta duge: By By By, By/2 VEP,, By By By Ba/2 ||P, Prr= [Py Py--Poyg ll}? FM EE (2.87) Bap Baa Bag, BA, /2|| Pay By 12 Buy! 2" Boy, /2 Buy {LL Hay By By Prr= (Pot Pra--Poa] + Ba + [Py Pye. Poll (2.88) Buy, 2, ‘Tom lai vige tim hé sO tén tha: trude hét ching ta phai bai toan phan bd tro Iuu cong suat theo diéu kign van hanh, Tit 46 xéc dinh duge bién dé va ‘g6c pha cia dign dp tai cae mit, dong dién Tu, tng dong dién Jp va tim duge 04. Tiép dén ta xde djnh ma trin bién ddi C, y va H. Cudi ing ma tran B duge xe djnh ti phuong tinh (2.86). Can cha y ring ma tran tén that B laham cia digu kign van hinh. Néu 6 sy thay déi méi trong diéu 46 céng suit ma lung céng sudt thay di khdng nhiéu lim so véi diéu kign ban dau thi ma trén nay c6 thé xem la khong déi, 2.7. Bai tip Bai (§p 2.1: MOt nh may nhigt di¢n gdm ba turbine voi duémg cong chi phi nbién ligu (USD/h} tuong img nh sau: i 46(Chncomg 2: Bi dg inh tb. my phe €,=35047.2P,+0.004P? C.=500+7.3P2+0.0025P" C3 = 600+6.75P;+0.003P37 ‘6% Pi, Pay Py duge tinh bing don vi MW; téng céng sudt nhu cd Pp=800MW. BO qua ton that that, khong gidi han cong suat phat cia cic to may. Hay tim ché 46 van hanh t6i wu va tong chi phi sin xuat trong m6t gid bing cfc phuemg phip sau: a)Phan tich bing, céch ding cng thire (2.14) ‘Ding phuong phap dd thj ¢)Gidi bling phwong phip lip BAI tip 2.2: Mgt aha méy nhigt dign gdm bai turbine 8OOMW véi duimg ‘cong chi phi nhién ligu (USD/h) twong img nhur sau: C1 =350+6.2P;+0.004P,7 Cy =S00+P+eP?? ‘Voi Pi, Py duge tinh bang don vi MW; a) Khi téng c6ng svat nhu ciu P)=550MW; sudt tang chi phi d=8USD/MWh. Bé qua tén that thét; khong gisi han céng suat phat cia isée tb may. Hay tier hronig cGngsule phn b6 t6i uu ita hal 68 exdy. b) Khi téng céng suét nhu cdu P,=1300MW; suit ting chi phi OUSD/MWh. Bé qua tin that thét; khng gidi han cdng suit phat cin cdc 13 my. Hy tim luyng céng sud phn bS iSi um gta hai tS miy, ©) Tivhai két qui cau a va b hy xée djnh b va c trong dung cong chi phi ‘cuia t6 may thir 2. Bai tip 2.3: Mét nha may nhigt dign gdm ba turbine véi duémg cong chi phi nhién ligu (USD/h) tong ting nhu sau: 1 =350+7.2P,+0.004P,” (y= 500+7.3P;+0.0025P;7 Cy 600+6.75P;+0.003P;? a7‘cong 2: Didu dé kinh 1é may phit ‘VGi P}, P3, Ps duge tinh bing don vj MW. Bé qua tén that that; khong ‘gidi han céng sudt phat cila cde t may, Hay tim téng chi phi sin xuat trong m6t gid trong céc trubng hop sau: a) Céng suét nhu chu Py=450 MW b) Céng suét nhu cdu Pp=750 MW “¢) Céng suét nhu clu Pp=1330 MW Bai tp 2.4: Mét nha méy nhigt dign gdm ba turbine voi duéng cong chi phi anhign ligu (USD/) tong img nhu sau: C1, =350+7.2P,+0.004P,? Cy 500+7.3P:+0.0025P;? C= 600+65.75P;+0.003P;7 Giéi han céng suit phat ciia cde t8 may duge cho nhu seu: 122. Hang ngay Van hanh vién phai cho trétruc turbine it nhét 1h. ** + Binh ky méi tuin test diesel | én. Mi lan 2 phiit. + Binh ky 1 tuin chay khong tii turbine khi 1 Ién dén téc 46 dinh mize dé xéng néng trong 20 phit (néu wong 1 tin may khong chay Lin nio). + Van hanh vién phai thurong xuyén kiém tra, ghi théng s6, vé sinh thiét Dbjtrong gi’ di ca, + Kiém tra sdy thiréng xuyén: méy phat, céc ti didu khién... 5.1.7. Xit ly sur c6 bit thurimg ciia turbine Kkhi ‘Trong mét nha may dign méi sy 6 du duge mi héa bing m$t ma béo ding va mt tén tin higu riéng bigt. Digu nay s@ gidp cho qua trinh nhén va xt ly sy 6 nhanh chéng. Trong tai ligu nay sé gidi thiéu céc loal sir dién hinh thudng xay ra khi vén hinh turbine, Cae thong tin dudi day durgc tham Khao ti qui trinh van hanh va xt ly sy cé cua cla mot nha may mhiét dién cy thé, DIAGNOSTIC ALARM ‘Bao dong chan doin ‘hua hed tt, OFFLINE DIAGNOSTIC RUNNING ‘Mach chin dodn cha boda MAINTENANCE FORCING MODE ENABLE‘MASTER, PROTECTIVE STARTUP LOCKOUT. 'Béo vg chinh khéa mgch hor dong PROTECTIVE ‘MODULE ETR RELAY ‘TROUBLE Khoi relay bio vé truc tre. Tied vagt gus 110% ‘te 49 dint mite. ‘CONTROL SPEED SIGNAL ‘TROUNBLE HP. ‘Tin higu diéu khién toc 46 bur Trip may. PROTECTIVE MODULE OVERSPEED TRIP_UP KSI bdo v9 wut the har Trip PROTECTIVE SPEED SIGNAL, ‘TROUBLE. HP ‘Tin higu bao vé vupt the Anrtrip mi MODE SELECTED_HP Dang ihirvupt te 60 chign ché 40 vugt we OVERSPEED ROI.Chhecmg 5: Quy trinh vén hemh nhis més) Nhigt din TRIPP ‘Vugt téc eo trip miy do. CUSTOMER TRIP “Trip i thidt ip them, CUSTOMER START Khoi do dg bi Khoa thidt bj Idp them, "TURBINE INCOMPLETE SEQUENCE Turbine khdng boa tt ‘chu trlnh do mach dign hing thye ign duye tién tink hoin tk. FAILURE TO START Khang khéi dng durge do mach diéu khién méi tira, FAILURE TO IGNITE MGi lita bj true tre do khong mi Iva duge trong td gian 1 phi - bio dng FLAME DETECTOR ‘TROUBLE +B phat hign lira true ‘wc do mit thin 1am vie sai_bio dong cyChneogy 5: Quy trink vn hanh wha méy Nhige din ‘Budng dot bj mt ha ki rngimg may do mét lta FLOW EXCESSIVE TRE a ‘Trip méy do nhigu nhign liga vio buéng d6t khi khSi dBng FSG GAS NOT AT ‘MAX LIMIT Bio ding khi ddukhién, PSR bing tay LOSS OF COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE PRESS BIAS Mit tn higudp suét, Do ‘bg chuyén tin ép sut Khing t6t bio dng. ‘TURBINE AIR INLET DIFF PRESSURE ALARM Sai dp luge gid turbine ca0_bio dngEMERGENCY LUBE lL PUMP MOTOR RUNNING Bom nhét kin chay LOW LUBEOIL PRESSURE TRIP a not boi tron trip. LUBE O11 PRESSURE SWITCH TROUBLE Cone tie ép sudt not hi ‘LUBE OIL LEVEL rink win han nha hide énChuomg 5: Quy tinh vin hianh nb meiy Nhiét dion LUBE OIL. TANK TEMPERATURE LOW Whit 4 nhée ban thip_bio ding LUBE OIL HEADER ‘TEMPERATURE HIGH ‘Nhift 6 nh bi tom cao_béo ding. Do ahigt do 2 gia tr] cho hep ‘LUBE OIL HEADER cao-trip miy. ‘Do nhiet 9 nhor éng gop gid cho phep LUBE ‘TEMPERATURE SWITCH TROUBLE ng tle hie ba HYDRAULIC SUPPLY PRESSURE LOW suat nbét thay Ie thap_bio dong Do ép sult nhotthuy Iye Sit tr cho phep LIQUID FUEL HYD PRESSURE SWITCH TROUBLE Cong suat ép sudt abot top ol true te. Do cdng tie dp suét nhot tye tg hay gp suat imhotthip. STARTING DEVICE TRP sel ic khbi ding ty oThog §: Qe rin vin ir vt diy Nn DIESEL TEST MODE SELECTED Diesel & ché 46 Test DIESEL FAILURE TO START DIESEL khong ‘khoi dng duge do diesel khOng hay diye ‘sau lan the khoi dong. diesel DIESEL FAILURE TO BREAK TURBINE AWAY Diesel Ehdng kéo duge ‘turbine STARTING DEVICE LOCKOUT Diesel Khoi dQng i Kida DIESEL FAILURE TO STOP Diesel khing nging duoc DIESEL LUBE OIL PRESSURE LOW Ap suit nhét diesel théip DIESEL ENGINE COOLING WATER ‘TEMPERATURE HIGH iG d9 nse lm mat diesel e20. RACHET TROUBLE ‘Tre tructruc tric ‘Do bs tré true lam vige khong hoan tt tro tye khong diing cha tinh,‘hug 5: Quy trinh win hianh nhc: my NhiGe ifm Ong age RACHET MOTOR OVERLOAD Does cows mc aut COOLING WATER LEVEL LOW ‘ nude lim mat COOLING FAN ‘MOTOR BREAKER: OPEN Quet Lam mat nude ging Do Van hanh vgn nging ‘ay do dong co quai INLET GUIDE VANE, ‘CONTROL TROUBLE Do vit pie moIGV ‘khong ding INLET GUIDE VANE CONTROL TROUBLE ALARM, Mach didu khién Gv tows tr bio dng INLET GUIDE VANE POSITION SERVO TROUBLE Servo digu kién IGV spe me domi tinge i tie, COMPRESSOR INLET ‘THERMOCOUPLES DISAGREE [Nhigt gu do nhigt a9 16 vao Khong tb WATER WASH. INHIBIT WHEELSPACE TEMPCONTROL PANEL TEMPERATURE WIGHT Nhift 46 bing dibu khign cao ‘TURBINE COMPARTMENT TEMPERATURE HIGH ‘Whitt d9 gian tubine a0 EXHAUST FRAME COOLING AIR RESSURE LOW i i len mt pin bine hip EXHAUST TEMPERA TURE HIGH Nhiét 45 khi thodt cao EXHAUST OVERTEMPERATURE TRIP Que TRAE dnsetip my EXHAUST ‘THERMOCOUPLES OPEN TRIP ‘Ce thermocouple T” khi thodt hd mach tip may EXHAUST. THERMOCOUPLE ‘TROUBLE “Nhigt ngdu kh thoattrye to-do bj hu COMBUSTION TROUBLE Lapel db true tric 4 De 2 46 chiy phan b bute dking dicing hag nit ha HIGH EXHAUST ‘TEMPERATURE SPREAD TRIP Trip may do sai bigt T° Do ch chy pin Do cht chy pha Scho bung dit Kiting du hay hing nhigt ngau. VIBRATION STARTChuomg 5: Quy trinh vin haanh nhc mdy Nhi6t dién INAIBIT ‘Mach bio vé do rung KhSng oho Ichi d6ng Do hurhdng & mach bio vé 0 nung HIGH VIBRATION TRIP OR SHUTDOWN “Trip my do d@ mung cao VIBRATION SENSOR ‘DISABLED oe ign d6 rung Khong ‘Do mit tin hu tr cam tién rung VIBRATION TRANDUCER FAULT 39 cde ibrng Do tng tr cim bién 45, rang thay 81 HIGH VIBRATION ALARM ‘BO rung c20 bao dag ‘VIBRATION DIFFERENTIAL ‘TROUBLE Do cam bién 6 ning {uén cling be true sa biét LIQUID FUEL CONTROL FAULT ‘Tin higa diéu khién anhiga ligu DO trye te LIQUID FUEL STOPCheong 5: Quy trink vin henh nis mdy Nit dién Tai bigrap sult lage DISTILATE FUEL ‘TEMPERATURE EIGH hist d du dét eno, ATOMIZING AIR ‘TEMPERATURE HIGH Nhiét 49 gié nghién cao. MANUAL SYNCHRONIZING LocKouT Khéa oé d9 hoa diga bing tay. AUTO SYNCHRONIZING LOCKOUT ‘KhhGa ché €6 hoa dign ty ding BUS UNDERVOLTAGENO AUTO SYNCH ign p thanh edi nda ign thip-Idng ha AUTO dupe. FATLURE TO SYNCHRONIZE Khdag hda dién éuge. Do di diéu kign hoama Khong dong dirge miy cit, ‘GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL TRIP ‘Trip méy ph do bao vg 0 Itch ie ding, Decor eb iaky phil role 8G the dog GENERATOR BREAKER TRIPED May eft miy phat trip. Doc di eet elt tr ding hay bing tay. BEARING DRAIN ‘TEMPERATURE HIGH [Nhigt d9-nhot ra khol be true cao‘Déng co thiét bj phy qua til DC MOTOR UNDERVOLTAGE LUBE OIL) 4p DC bom nhét da thép BATTERY CHAGER ‘AC UNDERVOLTAGE ign dp AC my nap Dinh thip LIQUID FUEL PRESSURE LOW. Ap suat dau dot thap. EXHAUST FRAME COOLING SYS ‘RBI, UNLOAD CONTROL SPEED SIGNAL LOSs-HP BATTERY DC UNDERVOLTAGE, eaea rink vn hima nhs mdi Nhiét dif BATTERY 15DC GROUND 1G thbng DC cham dét PROTECTIVE ‘MODULE, ACCELERATION TRIP-HP COOLING WATER ‘TEMPERATURE HIGH Nhigt d5 nude lam mat EMERGENCY PUMP OVERLOAD, ‘Bom nbét khén qué ti, Do role nhigt ide dong ELECTRIC FAULT- NOMAL SHUTDOWN ‘Swed may phit dign. nngimg mdy binh thuimg POSITION IGV FAULT IG sai vj rf Do IGY ding mé khong ding tia trinh ‘COOLING FAN MOTOR BPEAKER OPEN Qual kam mit mde BG xit CO; the dng,Chnzoma 5: Quy trinh vin hd may Nhe oe PERMISSIVE TO ae phép hoa dién vao Indi tréng eS ae HE thdng bao vé chey Suet ea ie FIRE Chay FIRE IN TURBINE OR ACCESSORY AREA ‘Chay 6 gian turbine hose sant pe COOLDOWN ‘SEQUENCE RUNNING Chuttrinh lim ngudi dang lam vige COOLING AIR FAN FAULT ‘Qua! lim mat bign thé chin trye trie TCC AIR COND POWER SUPPLY FAULT ‘Nguin cung clip cho tye png dia ‘khién hong DISTILLATE FUEL SKID TROUBLE “Tram bom du tb ‘rye tric 2 Do 6p thot sat bom du chuyér tip hay bon ine WASTE TANK LEVEL HIGH Me ba diu (nse)Chucmg 5: Quy wrink vin hinh nhis may Nhikt dién GENERATOR ELECTRICAL TROUBLE 84.06 phi digo miy hit GENERATOR PROTECTION ‘UNDERVOLTAGE ‘Dign dp cip cho bao ve ‘may phat tip Do tii bio ve may, mitnguba cung hhogt ding duyye Do oé lap hg thng CO 5.2. Qui trinh vin hanh may phat 5.2.1. Die tinh my phit dign Khi vén hanh, Vén hanh vién c&n nim r6 dc tinh eda may phat dign minh dang van hanh nhu: + Nha ché tao +Ma sé, 86 serial + Céng suat biéu kién + Céng suat van hanh lin tue + Dign ép dinh mite + Cuong 46 dinh mire ae céng svat dinh mite + Tan sb dinh mite + Tée 46 dinh mite + Nhiét 46 gid vao lam mat + Nhiét dQ gié ra lim mat + Luu h Jam mat + Céchdhu ety + Cp cdch dign stator va rotor + Nhigt d@ cudn diy stator t6i da + Cudng d9 dinh mite rotor + Dign thé dinh mite rotor + Téc 6 wot the + DO rung bé trac tdi da + Dic tinh ciia may phat kich tir 100Chuscmg 5: Ory trink vin hanh nha méy Nhiéedién 5.2.2. Man hinh diéu khién may phat ‘Vin hanh vién giao tiép voi méy tinh diéu khién qua man hinh hién thj va thudmg c6 phim chite ning véi cdc ky hiéu thutmg gap cila né dugc hién thi trén man hinh nbur sau: + ACK: ghi nhén béo dong + + ALRM: hign bio dong +ENGR: chi sit dung khi chay thi nghigm may + PREV: hién thj trang da hién ngay trude trang hign hah + PG? :hign MENU dé chon trang +PG-: ding dén trang ké tiép_ + PGI: chon trang hién thi su ¢é xay ra + ESC: chi sit dung khi chay thir nghigm may Cae man hinh hién thj duge 13 chite trong timg trang. Mai trang gom 1 danh sdich cdc thong s theo 1 chi dé dinh trade (nhigt 46, bao dong...). Voi mot may phat turbine thi cic c6 cde trong co ban nhu sau: + Trang so dd 1 soi th may Gas turbine + Trang cée trang théi Logic (cée vj tri may cit...) + Trang cac gid | vé dign cia may phét (ign ap Startor, dong Startor, P,Q 8, cosg...) . + Trang cfc gi tr] vé nhigt d6 (startor, khong khi néng, khong khi lank “ + Trang céc hu héng thude phan digu chinh kich ti + Trang céc hur héng thuge phan digu khién va kiém sodt + Trang cdc hu hong vé may bién thé + Trang céc hur héng vé miy phat + Trang céc hu hng phu cia gas turbine ‘Trong ede trang min hinh mdy phét thi man hinh dau tién duge wu tién hién. thj. Céc mén hinh sé wr d6ng tré vé man hinh wa tién néu khong co yeu cdu téc dng bén ngoai (thurimg sau 5 phit man hinh trang uu tién sé hién thi they thé man hinh truée dd). Man hinh trong wu tign cho biét tit ca cde thong sd chinh cia may phat ma Van hinh vién cn theo di: so dé 1 syi khdi quat cla 16 may gas turbine, cling nhw vai dit ligu vé may phat (dign 4p, nhiét 46 startor, P,Q...) Cide thugt ngét chink hay gip trong céc trang min hinh niue sau: LOGICAL STATE: Treng thai LOGIC - LOCAL/REMOTE CONTROL: digu khién LOCAL/REMTOTE cite b6 AVR TorCineomg 5: Quy trink vin beh nhs mésy Naiesdién - UNIT CIRCUIT BREAKER: OPENED/CLOSED-miy cat hoa: MC déu eye - FIELD CIRCUIT BREAKER: OPENED/CLOSED-may cit kich tir = NORMAL CIRCUIT BREAKER: OPENEDICLOSED-mdy cit tr ding NOMAL - STANDBY CIRCUIT BREAKER: OPENEDICLOSED-miy cit ty ding STANDBY) . - LINE CIRCUIT BREAKER: OPENEDICLOSED-miy cit Lusi - LOAD FUSE SWITCH OPENEDICLOSED-ciu chi - REGULATION IN SUBEXCITATION LIMITATION-diéu chinh kich tir nim trong giéi han kich ti phy - REGULATION IN VOLTAGE/ FREQUENCY LIMITATION-giéi hen ign 4p trén tan 36 hoat dong. AC GIA TR] VE DIEN -EAD: Cong to dign nang phat ~EAl: Cong to dign nang thu ~ ERI: Céng to dign nang v6 céng thu -ERD: Céng to dig nang v6 céng phat ~ Uex: Dign dp kich tir ~Tex: Dang ign kich tir CAC GIA TRY VE NHIET «Bar temperature: °C (nhiét 46 cugn day Stator) = Cold air temperature: °C (nhiét 46 khng khi vao lim mit) - Warm sir temperature: °C (nhigt 46 khéng khi ra sau lim mit) EXCITATION REGUTATION FAULT- Cic hu héng vé phan diéu chink kich ti - EXCITATION TRANSFORMER OVERHEATING | ST STEP- Méy bién. thé kich tir qué nhiét cdp 1 - EXCITATION TRANSFOMER OVERHEATING 2 ST STEP- Méy bién ‘thé kich tir qué nhiét cap 2 -EXCITATION RECTIFIER FUSE FAULT - Chi bao v¢ b6 chinh hu bj hur -EXCITATION TOO LONG - Kich tir mdi qué kiu -EXCITATION OVER CURRENT | ST STEP - Qué ding kich tir ep 1 ~EXCITATION OVER CURRENT 2 ST STEP - Qué ding kich tir efp 2 - VOLTAGE REGULATOR POWER SUPPLY FAULT - Phin do luimg trong b6 diéu chinh dign ap bj hur - EXCITOR ROTATING DIODE FAULT - Diode quay etia b@ kich tir bj hr - EXCITATION LOSS - Mat kich tir CONTROL AND MONITORING FAULTS - Cac hu hong vé diéu khién ~ CONTROL/MONITORING 125 VDC FAULT - Nguén 125VDC ctia phan didu khién va kiém sodt bj hur 102Chaeomg 5: Ory tri ni in - PROTECTION 125 VDC FAULT - Nguon 125 VDC cia phin bao vé bj hi. - UNIT BREAKER 125 VDC FAULT - Nguén 125 VDC cia may cit hoa bj hu - PROTECTION MEASURING CIRCUIT FAULT (UPSTREAM OF CB) (Mach do ludng cita bao vé bi hur phia trade may cit) - DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM MEASURING CIRCUIT FAULT (Mach do long cia hé théng nhén dt ligu bi hue) - PROTECTION MEASURING CIRCUIT FAULT (UPSTREAM OF CB) (Mach do lung cita béo vé hur phia tnrdc may cit) + SYNCHRONIZING REFERENCE MEASURING CIRCUIT FAULT (DOWN STEAM OF CB) (Mach do luéng chudn cita b§ hod ding b6 bj hu) ‘TRANSFOMER FAULTS - Cac hu hong cia cdc may bién thé - AUXILIARY TRANSFOMER OVERHEATING | ST STEP (Bién thé ty dung qué ahigt cp 1) - AUXILIARY TRANSFOMER OVERHEATING 2 ST STEP (Bién thé ty ding qua nhigt cp 2) - UNIT TRANSFOMER OVERHEATING | ST STEP (Bién thé chinh qué nhiét cap 1) - UNIT TRANSFOMER OVERHEATING 2 ST STEP (Bién thé chinh qué nhit cép 2) -UINT TRANSFOMER BUCHHOLZ | ST STEP (Role hoi bién thé chinh téc déng cp 1) - UNIT TRANSFOMER BUCHHOLZ 2. ST STEP (Role hai bién thé chinh téc dng cp 2) - UNIT TRANSFOMER DIFFERENTIAL (Bao v@ so Ich may bién thé chinh tac dng) - UNIT TRANSFOMER SECURITY VALVE (Van an toan méy bién thé nhay) - UNIT TRANSFOMER OIL LEVEL LOW (Myc dau bién thé chinh hép) - UNIT TRANSFOMER FIN FAN FAULT (Quat lam mat may bién thé tryc tric) GENERATOR FAULTS - Cic hur héng thuge phan may phat -ROTOR EARTH FAULT (Rotor cham dit) -REVERSE POWER FAULT (Bao vé céng sudt nguoe tae déng) - NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE | ST STEP (Bao vé thanh phin tht ty ngich may phat tée dong cdip 1) -NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE 2 ST STEP (Bao vé thanh phan thit ty ngich may phat tdc dong c4p 2) -STATOR OVERCURRENT | ST STEP 108——___________Gsome 5: Quy trinh vén hah nt mdy Niet Attn (Qua dong stator bude 1) - STATOR OVERCURRENT 2 ST STEP (Qua dong stator bude 2) ~ GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION, (Bio vé so Ich may phat téc dong) - STATOR OVER VOLTAGE (Qué dign dp stator may phit) - GENERATOR OVERHEATING | ST STEP (Qua nhigt may phat cip 1) - GENERATOR OVERHEATING 2 ST STEP (Qué nhiét may phat cép 2) AUXILIARY FAULTS - Céic hu hing phy ‘TURBINE FAULT INDUCING UNIT CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPING (Hu héng phan turbine trip may edt ddu cue) -MV BLEEDING FAULT (Chi cic may bién thé trong ti es vin dé) - GENERATOR HEATING POWER SUPPLY FAULT (Ngudn cp cho sy may phat c6 sy.cé) - GENERATOR AIR FILTER CLOGGED (Luge gié may phat bj nghet) ~GENERATOR AUXILIARIES BLEEDING FAULT (Bién thé ty dung hu) -MV CABLE EARTH FAULT (Cap trung thé bi cham dat) - CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPING TOO LONG. (May cat bj trip qua lau) -MV COMPARTMENT VENTILATION FAULT MOTOR 1 (Déng co quat thong gid 6 | tii trung thé bj hu) -MV COMPARTMENT VENTILATION FAULT MOTOR 2 (Déng co quat théng gid sé 2 td trung thé bj hu) - FIELD BREAKER CONTROL: ON, OFF (Didu khién dong cat may cét kich tir) - REGULATION OPENRATION CHANEL: AUTO, MANUAL (Bidu khién ché 49 didu chinh diga 4p) - REGULATION CONTROL: (Dieu chinh dign ap may phét) - SPEED LOAD CONTROL: (Biéu khién tai bing tay) 5.2.3. Kiém tra truée khi chay may phat 1 Bo cach dign:‘uc S: Quy trink vn hisnh nha méy Niet din + stator may phat + rotor méy phat + stator may kich tir + rotor may kich tir 2/ Kiém tra méy kich ti va bg tryc 66 4 nhét bai tron, 3/ Kiém tra bé giam téc chinh binh thuong c6 44 nhét béi tron 4/Kiém tra luge gié lam mit may phat dién (s5 long, sai 4p luge...) 5/Kiém tra than tigp dét erye 15t, tiép dja trung tinh va sudm may tot, 6/ Cac ti diéu khién may phit, kich tir di dug edp diga. Cac may tinh lim vige binh thurimg. 1/ Cac role bao vé binh thutmg va d3 giai trir xong. 8/6 digu ap & ché dé tu déng (Regulation Operating Panel) Chon AUTO. 9/ BG haa dign & ché 6}: OFF 10/ May cét diu cure ma 11/ Bign thé chinh binh thudng 12/Bién thé ty ding phy dang vén hanh 13/ TEST Rotor cham dat tét 5.24. Vin hanh may phat 1/ Hoa dién may phat dign + Thao tic hia dign ty déng: chon ché 46 ty dong tix man hinh diéu khién © Thao tac hoa din bing tay: theo cae bude sau: + Nat hod dign 6 vj tri MAN, céng tie DEAD NETWORK 6 vi tri OFF + Didu chinh dién dp may phét sao cho AUn = 0% + Diéu chinh téc 49 may phat dé dng bd ké quay ch{m theo chiéu kim déng hd cho dén khi kim 6 vj tri thang dimg thi tin s6 may phat bing tng s6 lui. + Déng miy cit hoa + Trung hop dign hoa vao Iwéi tréng thi chuyén céng tic DEAD ‘NETWORK 6 vi tri ON 2/ May phét mang tai céng sudt thye: a/ Mang tai ty dng; BO diéu 4p dat 6 ché dd AUTO. b/ Mang tai tay: thao téc tai bang diéu khién chay tay may phat dién: + Tang hod gidm cing suat tir SPEED LOAD CONTROL,Chuorg 5: Quy irink win hanh whi may Nhiét dién 3/ May mang tai cong sudt khing: a/ Mang tai ty dGng: bd diéu ap dit & ché dé AUTO (6 bang diéu khién regulation Operating Panel) b/ Mang tai tay: b9 didu ép dat 6 ché d> MAN. Tang hoic giam céng sudt phan khang 6 REGULATION CONTROL 4/'Cée ché d6 vn hanh may phét dién: a/ Chi 46 Lim vigc theo phn die tinh goi la ché d5 lim vige binh thudmg va duge phép lam vige lau dai tuy y. b/ May phat dién dirge phép lim vige: Theo dic tuyén hiru cing va v6 cdng ctia nha ché tao ign thé dau eye may phat thay di trong khoang cho phép (thudng la + 5%). c/ May phat dién khong duge phép lam vige: + Lén hon céng suét dinh mite dit 46 gia ting nhiét cn cho phép, nbigt 48 gid Lae mét con cho phép. + Nhigt d roter 16m hon gid ur cho phép hee nhigt d6 stator lon hon gid tr) cho phép + Vuot ra ngoai dic tuyén hitu céng va v6 cng d/ Khi co sy o6 lim cho dign ép may phat gidm xudng nhiéu, kich ti may phat tang lén cy dai no he théng ty déng kich tir trong | phit dau, nhung sau 46 phai 4p dyng ngay cdc bién phap can thiét 48 gidm dong dién kich tit vé gid tri inh matte. o/ Téc dé ting céng sudt tuy thuge vao turbine khi Khi d@ rung may phat lon hon gid tri cho phép (thudng 25 mm/s) thi ngimg may. #/ Hang gid Van hanh vién nghe tinh trang quay cla méy pht dign va si be bg true bing tay. W Khi vén hanh véi phy tai khéng cin bing thi xir ly nhu sau: + Giam céng svat vé céng (4ién dp may phat thép abét 1a 95% dign 4p méy phat dinh mirc) + Khong duge van hanh véi dign thé thap hon 95% dién 4p miy phit dinh mute. + Theo déi nhigt 46 rotor, stator, gid lam mat miy phat khong duge ting dot nggr. if Néu do vige giim céng sudt v6 cng ma gy ra mat déng bé thi phai nhanh ching tich my ra khéi ud j{ Trong khi may dang ding thi thuéng xuyén kiém tra viée siy my phat dign, may kich tir va céc thiét bj dign. 166Chucna5: Quy inh vin hd i méy NhiGe ibn k/ May phat dign bj ct do role béo vé tac dong dé ngin ngira hu héng bin trong thi phai tach may ra khéi van hinb tién hinh do dign tri cdch dign cia cudn day va kiém tra cdn than tinh trang hu héng ciia may va cdc thiét bj li&n quan. Néu khéng phét higa duge hig tugng hu héng va duge Can bg nha may déng ¥ thi cho phép nang din dién thé may phat dign tir 0 din lén dén tr} 86 dinh misc. Néu t6t thi cho hod dign va néng din céng suét. Néu o6 hur héng. phai cho ngimg ngay d@ kiém tra sita chita. 5//Ngimg khén cp may phit dign: (nghia 1 dimg lu6n t6 may turbine khi) + Béc khéi, chiy hay xay ra tai nan trong khu vue may phat dién hay méy Kich tir + Béc khol 6 bé tric may phat dign ++ BG truc bj mat nhét béi tron. + Nhét béi tron é bén tut xudng qué mite ti thiéu. + Turbine qué thc 46 ma khong ty dimg duge + D9 rung may phat d6t ngOt In hon gid tri cho phép + Bao vé role lam viée nhung may kh6ng ty nging + Cé tiéng khua hoc tiéng co xit trong may phét dién hay méy kich tir + Syc6 khan cdp 6 turbine khi, méy ct chinh, bién thé chinh, bién thé ty ding. + Thong sé vuot qué gidi han ma khéng khdng ché duoc. 5.25. Xit ly bat thwong & may phat dign ‘Tuong tur nhir phén turbine, cée sy c6 trong may phét déu duge dénh ma bing cic théng tin dé tign cho vige khée phyc. Seu day Ia ede sit cb thung gip trong may phat ciia turbine khi A/ CAC HU HONG PHAN DIEU KHIEN KicH TY 2 EXCITATION. May cit iu ~ Kigm bign thé kh tit, tim TRANSFOMEROVER ey my Benen hin de pe song HEATING 2 ST STEP = Cltkich tir moi cho phep khoi dong tai Bidnthé kich tiequa nbige — - Be 2Sons Quy wrinh win har nhs misy Nhige die eS FLASHING TOO LONG: ea Kfch ti mdi qu lan aD catkch Bao déng CURRENT 2ST STEP ‘Kich tirqua dong clp 2 YOLTAGE REGULATOR Bao dng. ‘Kim tra mach do lung dign ép ‘MEASURING FAULT du ere ‘Mach do long dién ap dd. ‘remy phat eda b) AVR frye te TONS Mayecit du “Matkich t, role tie dong oeChutomg 5: Quy trinh vin hdmnh nia mdy Nhiét dién 125YDCFAULT cde ti didu Khién méy ft Qe : abies dibs cich tir, Cees Sap sa abt inn UNIT BREAKER 125VDC_ Nettie 125VDC ep ho Nguén 125VDC; may ngat hu DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM MEASURING dign 4p cho ig eg ‘AUXILIARY Bio diag, ‘TRANSFOMER ‘OVERHEATING 1 ST STEP. Bia thé tr ding qué nhiet epq 3 | 7 2 j 3 i § ‘ang 06 méy khi van han trong. ‘trudng bop nay. = i fs a 54g Hu Bio dng UNIT TRANSFOMER BUCHHOLZ 1 STSTEP Roe bién thé chinh te a: cE an au 3 1 Hi inChuamg 5: Quy trink vin inh rds may Nhite dién a Ga 7 TRANSFOMER eas An dng big thé ‘Kiém tra bién thé DIFFERENTIAL Bt vf so lsh bign thd ee Kiém ta xi 1 xong nee ‘hin méi cho Khdt dng Tats ternal ay i ic mo ‘Kigm tre xée dink dau bién the Neo oe dhe UNIT TRANSFOMER FIN bin Kigm tra xde_dinh io oe tent dis nce eee a hie ‘eye tre Siam sb gt o0 ROTOR EARTH FAULT — Bio ding ‘Kim tra cf thing 36 miy ph, Roto relay. ich trva th trang lim vige cham dit 64) tic dong cedia my phat, may kich tir nhur ‘am thenh la... trarole 64 en hign tugng lp 6 ich a ‘Néu bao. tri kéo, ities epee niyo sh PoeEe ee Tee aioe woe Coat alt scopy cone Bo de ‘Kigm tra xée dinh nguyén nhidn TiChuzeng 5: Quy trink vin ham nhs méy Nhi6t dim sult nguge (32) te dng, dé cho Chi ¥ ding 6 Ee Seas sh win €2 v8 ludi hoe miy phi, turbine, Role 46 te ding ip 2 ei ea ta oe iy ph. ‘Xi ly thi mit cin bing (bio phoi tr) ‘Kim tre trgm va miy bién thé chin. ‘Cho hoa digm lai sau Kei xit ly tdi xong. xChhucmg 5: Quy trinh vn hitrh nh méy Nhiét ibn ‘2ST STEP ‘Qué mhigt may phat cép 2 as (LOAD FUSE Swit Chi cia may bién thé ne ding sw e5 Cit chi Chuyén ing ae Rien \ULT Chee unney Sordinget via 3 GENERATOR AIR FILTER CLOGGED Weligt luge wi6 may phat Kiém tra sai dp luge gid miy phat ‘Vé sind tht sich te gio my phic abu da Kid tra ole thing a6 v8 abit my ph. Sea aii laa ae ccho phép Khong due dem lugt ra ngoai ‘vésinh khi may dang via hinh,5: Quy trinh win hitnh nh may Nhife ifn elm thay thing i tich ee Biccoat RESET role. 1soh Thi ifn QUI TRINH VAN HANH NHA MAY THUY DIEN 6.1. Th6ng tin vé ngudn nwée ‘Nuc duge cung cép tir hd chinh qua hd phy thong qua kénh néi d&n yao bé 4p Iye - cima nhan mde nho kénh din dong. Tir cita nhan nude xudng cic budng xolin bing céc duréng dng Ap Lue. Mdi Sng cung cdp muéc van hinh cho mét té may. Nude sau khi lim quay bank xe cng téc di qua cng xa va ra ha. lu. Banh xc céng tc néi cng v6i truc tuabin, tye tuabin néi cimg véi roto cla miy phat, Khi van hanh nha may thiy dign ching ta cdn quan tam céc thong tin ve ngudn nude nhwr sau: + Dike trumg Kh hu ~ Nhigt 4 khéng khi trang binh nhigu nim ~ Lurgng mu trung binh nhiéu nm trén hu vue ~ Lugng béc hoi hru vye ~ Tén that béc hoi tirhé chita ~ Tée 4} gid 1én nhat quan tric duge - Lugng mu ngay Jén nhét tai dja phirong nei cé hd chita + Clie Age rung this vén: gém cé nhiém vy chinh (thudng |i phét dignvi ahigm vy phy (diéu tiét thay Igi, nude sinh hot, chéng 1d...) + Céic dng trinh du méi: ~ Hé chira: bao gém ed thong tin nh: myc mrée dang binh thuémg, mue mide ding chét, mye nurée gia crmg, dung tich toan b6, dung tich chét, dang tich hi ict TisOnt sink vin he nha: may Thi di ~ Dap chinh ngin song = Dip tran xa It: Dip trin ding 48 x4 nude trong hd chita khi Id vé lam cho mye nude tronh hé chia dang cao hon myc nude ding binh thuimg. Véi dap trin xa Id cin Iau ¥ dén cdc théng tin: $6 Iugng kheang train, 46 cao nguimg trin, ha nang x4 1a lén nhdt, ngudn dién cung cip cho dap tran. Lugng nude xa cla dp trin duge xic dink nhu sou: Qua = Qu - Qe Qan— Qa ~ Qe Trong 46: Qa: hu lurgng cn x Qua: hhru lung bd vd eye lua Iugng chay may Qui lw lugng nude vé lam ting thém 49 cao e}t nude so voi mye nude dang binh thuimg. Q;: luu lugng thém rd ri qua 48 dp cha céng trinh, trong thye «8 Q ahé c6 thé bé qua. Khi tinh duge lugng nude xd, ta ta bang dung qua trinh xa nude qua tran, két hop vai qui trinh xa trin dé mo Jai cifa tran cho phi hop. + Cita nhin made: Bao gdm: Cita van sita chita diing dé céch ly thugng tou ‘v6i hg luu khi kiém tra sita chita, Cita van sy ¢8 ding 48: = Ngfn khéng cho nude qua duémg éng ép lye xuéng budng xodn vio anh xe céng tée khi cd sy cd quan trong xdy ra ma khéng déng ‘can huéng trude duge. = Céch ly nude tir hd chita xudng hé théng ding chay (dutme Sng ap lye - tuabin — cOn hit) khi cn stia chia trung dai tu hg théng dong chay ho&c khi dimg méy dé trung dai tu. [Ngoai ra tai cira nbn nude cén cé Ludi chin rac: duge dit 6 phia trrde (trube cira van sia chia va cira van sy c6) vé phia thong liu dé ngan chan rae, vat 1g lam sach ding chay trrée hi vio tuabin. + Hé théng dong chay: gdm duomg éng ap lye va con hiit. 6.2. Qui trinh van hinh khéi t) may Se, 1166.2.1. Cae thiét bj chinb + Turbine thiiy lve: Van hanh vién khi vin hanh trong nha may thiy dién edn quan tam dén cdc thong sé cia turbine nhu: = Loai turbine ~ BO digu tc = Thiét bj dau ap Lye - During kinh binh xe cng tie ~ C6t nude tinh toan, oft nude Kin nhit, e6t nurée nhé nit ~~ COng suat djnh mire cua tu: - Lum lugng maréc qua tuabin & céng sudt dink mire va c6t nude tinh toin la ~ Yong quay dinh mée ~- Dic tuyén vn hanh + Hé thong dong mé cénh hudnh nude ~ Lung dau lam mat 6 huéng tuabin - Luu lung aude lam mét é huéng tuabin + Mdy phdi thuy Iyc: Can quan tim dén cdc thong 35 ~ Logi may phat ~ Céng suét dinh mite ~ Céc ché d9 06 thé lam viée - Diga thé dinh mize mie ~ Dong dign Stato = Hé 86 c6ng suit dinh mae + Tan sé quay dinh mie cia roto ~ Hé théng kich tirté may ~ Dong kich tr khong tai ~ Dang kich tir din mie ~ Gidi han cia dong kich tt cutmg haah . 7Chusomg 6: Quy trie vin han ric my Thi din = Dign thé kich tir dinh mic (khi cong suét djnh mac, dign thé dinh mite, hé s6 céng suit dinh mite) = So dé néi day stato = Luu lugng nude lim mat qua bd lam mét 6 hudng may phat ~ Luu lugng nude lam mét qua bé lam mat kh6ng khi = Luu ung nude lam mat qua b6 lam mat 6 do ~ NhiGt 49 nude lam mat ~ Ap luc nude cho phép t6i da 6 céc bd lam mat dau va khéng khi ~ Théng s6 cia may phat diéu chinh ~ Ap lye kh thing, - Thai gian thing, thai diém bat dau thing ~ 86 In khéi déng tdi da trong m6t ngay dém, trong mgt nim + My bién thé chinh: Cin nim cdc thing 86 ~ Logi may bién dp = Céng suat dink nize ~ Bign p dinh mite cugn diy so va thit cap + Dang dign din mite cugn diy so va thit cfip ~ Giéi han diéu chinh dign thé + So d8 du diy, kidu lam viée cia trung tinh. + Hé théng lam mat + Lurgng dau trong bién thé 6.2.2. Phirong thire van hanh ya ché 46 lam vige + Phucomg thite vin hah. ~ Phurong thite vin hanh chinh la ty déng. - Ché dé khoi dng hoc dimg may bing tay chi 4p dung trong truimg hgp thi nghiém, hiéu chinh may va war ly sy 6. - Tién hanh dimg bang tay khi mach dimg ty dng bj truc tréc. Tis‘Chung 6: Quy trinh vin rh rr my Thiy dn = Didu téc lam vige @ ché dq ty dong, chi cho phép diéu téc bing tay trong truimg hop bd diéu téc tryc trae phan ty dong, thi nghiém, higu chinh, she rita van gidm dp ti digu ap va xr ly sy 03. ~ Hoa may vao ludi bing phuong php hoa ty dng chinh xéc, chi cho phép héa bing tay khi: - Hoa ty déng khong duge hoje van hanh v6i b kich tir dy phong, ~ Tan sé va dign thé luéi khéng n dinh ma can hoa may véo nhanh dép tng yéu cau cita ludi. ~ Cho phép ha ding bé khi dign thé chénh Igch tdi da 10% va tin 36. chénh Ich 16i da + 0,25 Hz. + Huy déng té may ~ Vige khéi dong, héa may vao ludi, dimg may, chuyén 431 bi — phat va phit ~ ba chi duge thye hign khi c6 lgnh cia Digu 48. Trring kip gian méy chju trich nhigm vé tat ca céc thao tic nay. ~ Sau khi héa my vao lréi, chuyén d3i phit — bi va ba - phat phai bio cdo Diéu 46 dé nh@n chi thj mang céng sudt hiu céng va v6 cong, = Trong mia gid diu tién sau khi chgy méy, ctr 15 phiit phai kiém tra nhigt d6 6 do, 8 hung 1 Lan, + Didu td bang tay = O ché a6 ty ddng, néu b6 dieu t6c tryc trac, phai chuyén sang lam viée 4a ché dé bing tay, bao Diéu do huy ding to may dy phéng thay thé (néu c6) ‘va cho goi ngay nhan vién stm chia én. Trong thdi gian didu iéc bing tay phai cir 1 diéu hanh vién thong tryc theo doi tai th digu téc co, ~ Néu 6 ché hanh chong xin Di + Kich tic bing tay Chi cho phép van hinh t@ may véi b6 digu chinh kich tir dur phong trong truimg hop bé diéu chinh chinh bj true tric. Khi dé phai chi ¥ theo dat thuémg xuyén hon hé théng kich tir va 6 ké hogch sia chda chinh nhanh chéng, Trong moi truimg hgp khéng cho phép may phat lam vige ché 45 khéng dang bé. + Phéin b6 céng sudt giita cic t6 may } bing tay ma bé diéu téc van khéng dn dinh edn phai 0 giam tai va dimg may. 119a trinh vn hab ns iy Ti en Trong moi truémg hgp van hanh, phai phan chia cOng suit déu gitta cdc 16 may dé dgt higu suét cao nhat, nhunh phai tranh khong dé cdc t8 may lam vige ngoai viing gidi han trén va dudi cla céng sudt (gi6i han céng suét tubin theo ct née). + Diéu chink dién dp Trong van hanh binh thudng phai diéu chinh dign 4p may phat sao cho ign 4p phia thanh cdi cao 4p cia may bién dp chinh diing theo yéu cu cta Digu 46. Trrdng hop é& huy déng hét kha nding cdc t8 may (tang hoc gidm) ‘theo dic tinh vgn hanh gitta céng suat P va Q ma khong dgt duge dign dp yéu ‘cu, phai bdo Igi cho Didu do biés. Trong moi tririmg hop khéng dure dé qué tai déng dign stato hoje rote. ‘Truong hop cén thiét 6 thé xin gidm céng sudt thye P dé ting kha aling phat cOng suat khang Q. Cho phép may ph lim vige lau dii v6i chénh Igch ign thé trong gidi han + 5% so vdi dign dp dinh mitc, véi dong dién roto, cong suat hitu céng, cng suat v6 cing khéng vugt qué dink mite, + Diéu chinh tan sé Trong ché dg diéu tin, may phat phai duge git tin sé trong pham vi cho phép (thrimg 1a + 0.2 Hz) so véi dinh mite. Néu qué trink diéu Khién Khong dat (do vugt ra ngoai kha ning diéu chinh céng svét) phai bio lai cho Diéu a. Trong ché 46 gift cng sudt ¢6 dinh, phai gitr may phat dién ding céng suat 43 cho khi tin sé thay déi trong pham vi cho phép (thudng li 4 0,5 Hz). Khi tdn s§ vugt qué gidi han, phai digu chinh dura tan 96 vé trong gidi han tt€n, sau dé bao Iai cho didu d6 biéttrj 6 cng suét mei. + HG tre bang tay Trong qué trinh van hanh ty déng, néu c6 b6 phn nao lim vige khéng tt, phii thao tac hé try bing tay. Nhung ngay sau 46 phai c6 ké hogeh dum. thiét bj dé ra sia chtta dé ho’n chinh mach tr dong. + Gidi han vé nhigt a6 Nhigt d9 im vigc cita cdc may bién thé chinh va ty ding trong moi tnréng hop khéng duge virgt qua gidi han cho phép. 130itn Khéng cho phép bat ky mOt ché ¢9 lam vigc nio ma nhig dj do duge ‘trong van hanh cao hon nhiét 46 quy dinh cla Nha ché tao. + Ngudn dién phyc vu té may Di van hanh bing tay hay ty déng, nguén dign cung cp cho mgch diéu Ichign, bio vg, tin higu va ty ding t8 may phdi liga tue. + Hé thing tu ding ~ Hé théng ty ding phai duge cung cap tir 2 ngudn. + Kiém tra khi vin hank Trong thé gian t6 may dang lam vige, phai thrémg xuyén kiém tra: = Ché d6 lam vige cia t8 miy phd hyp voi yéu cdu cua luei (Ché 4 diéu tin hay céng suat ¢6 dinh) va céng sudt hiu céng vin hanh trong gi han cho phép cita biéu dd lién hé gidta céng suat va d5 cao ct nude (biéu dd Pa. ~ Su phin chia céng suat P va Q gitta cdc té may. - Can chan tai phai dat @ mic chan trén theo biéu dé (P-H) trtr truéng, hop dang diéu téc bang tay hay chay bi. ~~ Tan sé hé théng. ~ Mite dau 6 48, 6 huéng tuabin, 8 huéng may phat. ~ Quan sittim rb ri cia dau, nude, khi qua cée b6 phn va éng din, - Ap tye nude ciruhéa. ~ Ap lye hg théng khi nén cho thing tb may ~ Syr lam vige cia hé théng vanh gép - chéi thank ~ Vj tri cdc van, vj tri céc cau dao, may cét pho hyp véi so dé dang van hanh. ~- Hé théng tin higu (dén, chudng, cdi) ludn sin sing, hé thing chiéu sing day dui vi an toan, hé théng théng tin lién lac cfc noi. = Cée 10 diu khién, bao vé, kich tir, diéu téc, tri sé du khong déng diéu cia té miy. ~ Tinh trang lam vigc cila cdc thiét bj tai cia nhan nude. ~ Mire muée hanh lang uct, hd bom tiéu, hé bom chim va tinh trang thiét bj ti hanh Jang kno. Ta(Chuzomg 6: Quy trinh vin hin nh may Thy din = Tinh trang kim vige eda thiét bi tai cde tram ty ding, tram bor, tram thong gid... = Ling nghe phét hign cic hign tugng bét thutng cia 6 may va thiét bj phy nhu: tiéng rung do long ma thing, tiéng rung déng co, cde mii bit thuong, net lia 6 céc du cép tiép xc. > + Néu phat hign co sy bat thuong 6 cac vj tri do duge phai lim 15 nguyén han va tim céch Khée phuc. + Ghi thong sé van hanh ‘Trong théi gian té méy dang lam vige, phai thuéng xuyén ghi cde théng 6 sau: ~ Céng suat hiku céng, vé céng, dong dign cdc pha, dign dp may phat. ~ Digna thé va cvdng dé ding dign hai nhénh song song hé théng kich thich. + Ap Ire nude va lru lugng nude lam mat cdc thiét bi (6 43, 6 huéng, méy phit, may bién thé. ..), p lye nuée dudi may tuabin, dém kin truc, buéng xodn, budng xa, ép Ive khi ba, chu ky va myc nuéc chay may nén vong nude. + Nhift 46 cae cuga day stato, nhiét 46 5 4%, 8 huréng tuabin, 8 huéng may phat (nhigt 49 dau va secming), ahiét 49 nude Lam mit vao ra va nhiét 9 gid vao ra lim mét may phat, - Téc d§ roto, d§ mé car hudng nude va can chin - Ap sudt va mtre du hé théng lim mit, ap lye dau didu khién trong b8 didu téc,... + Dé dio truc tuabin, mye nude hanh lang ust, - Ap lye khi SF6 cdc pha may cit, nhigt d6, mire dau va ap lye dau sir my bién 4p, 46 mé cia van su eé cia nhan nue. - Dign thé thanh cai cao dp, trung Ap va tr ding. - Dong dign khéng cén bing cla bio vé so Igch doan néi va cach dign ‘méy phat. + Hie hong thiét bj - Tit c& moi phdt hin hy héng, truc tréc, thiéu s6t ea thiét bj phai béo ngay cho sim chita va ghi vao sé theo dai thiét bj dé théng ké, tim cich xt ly. ‘Trong thdi gian chva cé lye Iuong sia cha xtr ly, phai tim mgi céch khdc 12‘hucmg 6: Quy wink vin hin nhs my Ty diem phyc tam thoi hoje xit ly theo céic qui trinh vgn hanh thiét bj cy thé, dam bio. khéng gy anh huréng lay Tan dén sy vin hanh an toan t6 may. ~ Cac hur hing, tryc tric nhé 66 khi ning lim duge, diéu hénh vién phai 6 ging ty xir ly theo huéng din cla ‘Truéng ca, dm bao vin hanh an toin t6 may, + Khong phan sy mién vio Khéng cho bit cir ngudi nio khng 06 tréch nhigm dén gan cic thiét bj cia 16 miy va céc bang diéu Khién ma khong cé sy huéng dan cla nhiin vién gu inh, 6.2.3. Khoi dong té may + Cho phép khoi dong Chi duge phép khéi ding binh thurimg t8 may khi qué trinh dime imdy di két thiic, cdc todn cng tie da rit ra khéi td may, don dep sach sé tit ca dung cy, vat dung cia toan céng t4c trong Khu vyc t6 may, cae phiéu cong. tic trén cdc khéi té miy a dugc thu hdi va khéng con thiét bj nao hu hong anh hvéng dén sy lam viée ctia céc 16 may. + Diéu kign khon dong. ‘Trude khi khéi ding binh thuimg t6 may phai dim bio cde yéu cau co ban sau (tiy thuge vao timg nha may cy thé, s8 6 cée yéu edu bd sung) 1/ an cho phép khéi d0ng sing 2/ Ngudn diéu khién, tin hiéu, bao vé sin sang, cé nguén ty diing t5 may. 3/ Ngubn diéu khién, déng luc, ngudn kich tir ban diu AC vi DC 44 60g. 4/ Ap lye va mite dau binh dau 4p Iye, ap lye diu bd digu téc day da. 5) Ap lute khi cho b@ théng thing sin sing, khéng cé ap luc khi trong dém kin sita chia. 6/ Mite dau 6 46, 8 iuéng tuabin va 6 huéng may phat binh thudng 7/ Cac van nude, dau, khi 6 ding vj tri yéu cau, ap lye nurée ky thudt 1én hon git tri cho phép. 8/ Cac sy 06 a8 gidi trir, bang tin higu sach hoie khéng ¢é tin higu bao nh huéng dén qué trinh lam viéc cia t6 may. 9/Céc cau dao & ti may bién dign dp TU, vi kich tir da dong. 10/ Khang cin dao tiép dat od dinh hoe di dng nio dang déng. 11/ Cia van sy 6 tai cita nbn aude mé hoan toan, 12arog 6: Quy trinh vain hte ms dey Thy die 12/ Da déng céc cita bin phan phéi déu 6 cira nhan nude, may bién thé chinh, 4 46 may phat, budng gié may phét 13/ Khod chuyén déi trong ti didu téc cor & vj tri ty dng va kich tir dang, lim vigc véi b9 kich tir chinh (bg kich tir dy phong lim vige chi Khi bé chfnh hu hong). . |4/ Néu t8 may d@ ngimg ldu qué 5 ngay dém, trrde khi kh6i déng cn phai nang lén 48 tao mang dau trong seeming 6 43. + Khai ding ty ding ~ Khdi dng hoan toan ty déng. ‘Cho phép khai ding t8 may hodn toan ty dng tir vj ti dimg sang hda ‘vio ludi, v6i diéu kign thiét bj ty dong t6 may that hoan chinh. ~ Khoi déng bing tay: véi timg nha may cu thé s8 6 edie qui trinh khéi 46ng bing tay. Tuy nhién, phai tuan theo cde didu kign vé mit khéi d6ng. 6.24. Dimg t8 may + Trinh ne ding may ne ding ‘Trong truéng hyp nay vin hanh vién chi edn ra lénh tir ban phim méy tinh hay thao téc chuyén céng te sang vj tri dimg trén panel diéu khién. Qua trinh dimg may sé duge thyc hién hoan toin ty déng. + Trinh te dieng may bang tay 1/ giam c6ng sudt hu céng va v6 cong ve khong, 2/ Cit may cat dau eye 3/ Cit kich thich 4/ Didu khién cho canh hudéng déng lai hoin toan. 5) Téc 46 may phat giam din, quan sit va khi tée 46 edn khong 20% inh mize, tién hanh thing bing tay dén khi may dimg han. + Kiém tra 6 mdy sau khi dimg ‘Sau khi dimg binh thuéng, van hanh vién phai kiém tra tinh trang tb may, chity cde diém: - Kiém tra tinh trang lam vige may cat dau cye tai budng may cit. = Xem 6 bj rd ri dau tai cde méi ndi thing dau é do, 6 huéng viv...+ T6 mdy due phing ~ Khi méy phat dang dimg yén, nhung khéng mé dao efch ly 13.8KV va kkhdng déng chét chén cénh huéng, phii duge coi nhu dang ndi vao mang dign. Luc nay khong dugc tién hanh bat ky cng téc ndo trén khéi té méy. ~ T6 may sou khi dimg hin, néu khong cé yéu cu gi dura ra sita chttaxem nnhu 6 trong tinh trang dy phong, - TS may dy phong la t may dimg nhung cé thé khdi dng lai va hod vao luéi bat ky Ide nao theo yéu ciu cia diéu do hog trong lic can thay thé my khéc bi sy 06. + Diéu kign t6 mdy 6 ché dp dye phong Pam bao sin sing khéi déng, dic biét chi y: V/ Mgch didu khin, bio vg va tin higu cia t6 may phai sin sing. 2/ Ngudn dign uy ding cia 16 may phai sin sang. 3/ Van cita nbn nurée phai mé hoan toan, 4) H théng dau ap lye t6 may binh thudmg. 5/ Mize dau trong céc bon diu 6 ¢0, 6 huéng binh thing. 6 Cac van ctia hé théng diu, nude, khi ding vj tri lim vige binh thurong, 11 Ap luc Khi thing té mdy phai sin sing. 8/ Phai vé sinh sach sé cdc thiét bj ca th may, cdc ding hd, bang dién, chi y déng hé do Iuéng, kiém tra céc kim ding hé phi ding qui dinh. 9/ Néu 6 may dy phong dimg Miu qué 5 ngay, thi cit 5 ngay phai tién hanh khéi dng may khéng tai, c6 kich tir trong khoang 10 phat 4é bd sung mang dau duéi mat guong 6 dé va kiém tra kich tir. Can ché ¥ ring, khi vén hanh 6 ché d@ ba ding b6, mOt sé diéu kign trong van hanh sé khic so véi @ ché d6 may phat. Diéu ny phy thuge vio tig nha miy ey thé. 6.3. Ché d§ vin hanh khéng binh thwdng cin 3 may phat + Vin hanh qué tai ‘Miy phat van cho phép van hanh qué tai (thuring khoing 10% trong ‘gi6i han thai gian cho phép), khi dé nhan vién vn hanh phai: 1s(Chaeomg 6: Quy trinh vin hen nhs dy Tn ~ Duy tri cong sudt bidu kién va dong dign stato Khong qué dinh mic: ~ Theo di ch§t ché nhigt 46 ddng va sit stato,d§ ting nhiét cia khng ‘khi lam mét may phat, dO chénh Ich gita khong khi néng va khong khi ngubi. - Tang cuvng kiém ta hé théng aude lim mét,Quan sét.nghe ngéng dp én°vi tinh trang lam vige cia t8 may, lu ¥ kiém tra vanh gép kich ti,budng gid méy phat, budng gié may phat, budng 6 dé, him tuabin.... - Theo dai dic tuyén ning cing suat cia timg t6 miy dé dam bao 16 may vin haah higu suét cao, - Bau méi thing vao mia Id, nhan vién t6 co khi va t6 thi nghigm co tréch nhigm do d9 rung, 46 dao truc céc 8 may 4 ché dO mang tai tdi da. Céc théng s& do durge phai so sinh véi gid tr] do lan truée, dénh gid va béo cdo ‘v6i phé Gidm Déc. + H6 ro diéu chinh dién dp Khi 06 sy od & hg théng nang hugng hofc 6 céc may phat dign lam vige song song lam cho dign thé giam nhiéu (dui 0,85Us,), bd ty dong diéu chinh ich tf lim vige tng kih tr dfn tri s6 cut hah (hai lin dng diénkich tir dinh mite). Nhan vign vin hanh khéng durge can thigp vio céng vig thiét bj ty d$ng trong mdi phat déu, nhung sau dé vn con tinh trang trén phai c&t ngay b6 diéu chinh dién ap 48 giém dong dign roto xuéng dén tri sé cho phép. néu vin khong diroe phi tién hanh dimg ngay t6 miy. + Kiém tra 16 mdy sau syecd ~ Sau mbi lan c6 sy 06 trong Indi lam 16 may bj dét bién, di may phat Khéng bj ct Khoi ludi, phai di kiém tra tinh trang lam vige cia t6 may, va cée role bio vé, néu cé bit ky déu higu bat thuong hodc tin higu nao phai tim nguyén nhfin va ghi vao sd hw héng thiét bi. + Vin hanh ché dé thong adi xing = Cho phép may phat din 1am vige lau dai véi dong dign cfc pha lech nhau, trj s6 chénh léch khong vugt qué 20% dong dign dinh mic va dong dign 6 pha cao nhat khong duge virgt qué dinh mite. + Khi dong dign khéng diéu nhau va vugt qua quy dinh trén, phai b4o ngay cho Diéu Dé dé xin giam tai xudng va déng thai ghi vao sé nhét ky vén. banh.6: th win héenh mh Thity dién - Trong moi trutng hgp may phat dién lam vige voi dong 3 pha khong digu nhau, phai ting cusmg theo ddi 46 rung ca té may, nhiét 46 sit, ding, seeming huéme, 6 dé. Néu théy 46 rung khéng binh thurémg phai béo Diéu ‘DO xin gidm tai, néu 45 rung van khéng giam thi xin dimg may. + Y* Nanh t6 may debi myc made chét vay vao diéu kign cia timg nha may sé c6 qui trinh vin hanh dusi myc nuréc chét tong img. ‘Dé dim bio khai thée tin dung dai ngay trong giai doan vin hanh duéi mye nude chét, ngoai vigc huy dng cong sudt theo céc mirc nuéc nhu trea, san lugng dign hing ngay phai dim béo tong img voi ning lugng cle Iugng, nutde v8 h3 (Quy my Ovid Trong qué trinh van hanh dudi mye nude chét, Van hanh vign phai ting caring theo doi: = Céng suét to méy (gitt én dinh, khong vugt khéi gigi hgn cho phép). - Sir im vige eta van pha chan khéng. - Ap lye budng xoiin. = Nhigt 49 du va secmang 6 46, 8 hung. ~ Ap lyre née kim mat, = BG dao tric 6 mdy. Néu cé hign tugng bat thudng, béo Didu DO xin gidm 1ai hoc dimg may, bao Jinh dao xin y kién giai quyét. 6.4, Xir ly sy 06 khdi 6 may + Phan loai su cd: C62 toai sy cb Su cé cb mach bio vé: 1d nhimg su cé da duge quy inh theo thiét k&,c6 tin higu béo cy thé tén syr 06. Tay theo tinh cht sircé ma té may 6 thé ty dng dimg, mat kfch thich hay tiép tuc van hanh véi tia higu bio trude, Sy cé khéng cé mach bao vé: 1a nhing sy cé khéng duge quy dinh trong thiét ké, khéng cé tin higu béo hoc c6 tin higu gién tiép khong dic trung cho sy 08, + Nguyén tic at If sye 06 ~ Nhanh chéng loai tri, ngfin ngita sy c6 phit trién lam tin hai én con ngudi va thiét bj, tién hanh chita chay (néu ¢6) theo quy trinh chia chay di ban hanh, ~ Chuyén déi ty ding (néu c6) dé dm bao tur ding trong nha may. 1aChong 6: - H6 trg cng sudt bing cdc may khic, theo doi td may dimg an toan. ~ Tim nguyén nha, khic phyc (néu c6), bdo diéu dé Idinh dao va stra chia. - Véi sy 06 khong 6 mach bao ¥é, trén co s& cde déng hd do hudng cic tin higu gin tiép va cdc biéu hign bén ngoai ma phan dodn vj tri, mite 46 va tinh chat sur cd. “.Trong moi tring hgp phai 6 ging duy tri sy lim vige binh thudng ‘cia thiét bj, tranh phai dimg may néu khong cn thiét, + Huy déng xi lj sy c6 va béo céo se cd ~ Khi xdy ra sy 06, ca vén hanh phai khin truong xt ly dé dua thiét bj vao lim vige Igi, déng thoi bao cdo tinh hinh thiét bj cho lanh dao phén xudmg van hanh, - Trong khi xir ly sy 06, trzéng ca vin hanh cé quyén yéu cau bit ky nhan vién no trong ahd may hd wy néu xét thdy cdn thiét cho xi ly nhanh chong sit o6, moi thao téc phai théng qua y kién trudmg ca, + Xie Ise od Sy 6 trong mgt nha may dign e6 rét nhigu dang kde nhau (Kkhodng 100 dang), tay thuge vio timg nha may cu thé ma cé céc qui trinh xit ly tuong tng (cé thé tham Khao niur trong phan van hanh nha may nhiét dién). Trong, ti ligu ny khong dura ra chi tiét. + Theo dbi 16 mdy dea ra sita chita - Khi ban giao t méy cho stra chtta (khi edp phiéu céng tac), van hanh ‘ban giao riéng mOt 9 chia khéa cia td may dua ra stta chifa cho nhém cng. tic nrong img véi timg vj tri: cita nhan nude, may bién thé khéi, may edit dau cure, 6 3, gié may phit... khi tri phiéu céng tc, phia sta chit phai tra ddy ii chia khéa cho vn han, + Trong thoi gian sita chtta thiét bj theo ké hogch, digu hin vién phai 6 tréch nhiém theo di dé trink viée bén stta chita thao tic nhim vio cde thiét bj dang vin hanh, Néu thiét bi dua ra sita chita dit gin thiét bj khéc dang, van han, phai yéu cu bén sia chtta lam rao chn khu vye dang lam vige va diéu hinh vién treo bang “khu vuc cho phép lam viée”, trinh gly su cé nham Tin hogc nguy hiém dén tinh mang. - Trong thdi gian sira chia phai ngung lam vigc (hé git’ lam viée), didu ‘hanh vién phai quan sat khu vyc dang stra chita xem c6 yéu t6 nao o6 thé gay 186: th nha dién ra anh hudng dén thiét bj hoge c6 thé gay ra sy c6 Jan tran ra khu vye xung, quanh. Vi dy: kha nang bit chay; dau, auéc, khi chva khoa chit van giy xi lan trin; cham chp dign: née tir thugng liu tran vao budng xoin va dng hit qua chd xi manh bit ngd déi véi té may da durge théo khé v.v..., 48 kip thai can thigp hoe bio cdo xt ly. ~ Sau gid lim vige, nhing thiét bj va khu vue cn lun J, phia sika chita ghi vao s6 dé diéu hanh vin theo doi chat cha, ting cuémg theo dai hé théng dau lam mét khi dua vao vén haah lai. 19DIEU KHIEN HE THONG DIEN 7.1. Gi6i thigu ‘Trong cdc chuong tude day, ching ta da xem xet cdc vin dé vé dic tinh may phat dign, bai ton van hinh toi wu hé thong ngudn phat cing nhur cdc qui trinh van hanh t6 may phat dign. Trong chuong nay ching ta s8 bin v2 vvdn dé diéu khién hg théng dign ma trong d6 chi yéu lA diéu khién may phit 8 h@ thng dat trang thai dn dinh bén vimg. Trong chuong nay ciing gidi thigu mé hinh cia cée phan ti trong bai todn diéu khién, fing nhur cae ky thudt diéu khién may phat lin két trong m@t hé thng dign lon, Nhu ching ta da biét, su thay d6i céng suét vic dung trong luéi sé lam cho tan sé cia hé théng thay d6i theo. Trong khi 46, sy thay di cia cong suit phan khéng khéng lam thay déi nbiéu tin sé trong Ivei ma 1a nguyén nhan chinh lam thay doi bién 49 dign ap. Vi vay, trong hé théng dign céng sudt thye va cng sudt phan Khéng duge diéu khién déc lap nhau. Do 44, bai toda iu khidn tin 96 tai (Loed frequency control-LFC) duye thyc hign thoag qua méi quan hé gitta céng sudt thye va tin sé cén bai toan ty déng didu khiéa dign 4p (Automatic voltage regulator-AVR) thuc chat 1a bai todn diéu khi cBng sudt phan khang theo bién 46 dign 4p tai. Bai toin diéu khién tan 56 ‘bai ton rit quan trong trong mt hé théng dign c6 dO lién két cao va nd phye ‘wu cho céng tae van hanh hé théng ign én. Cho dén nay, van con nhigu van 8 68 ban dén trong linh vue nay. Ban dau, cic phurong php digu khién duge phat trién 48 phye vu cho cde may phét 46c lap va cudi cling né cing duoc ding cho hé thing lién két lon véi sy ra déi ca trung tim diéu khién ning luong (energy control centers - ECC). Ngay nay céc wrung tam diéu nang lng hign dai dirge trang bj ‘hg théng méy tinh one-line dé hién thj tat cd cdc tin higu dugc xir ly va goi vé 130tir cic h@ théng thu thap dit ligu (remote acquisition systems) va da duge biét 6 li hg théng SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition). Trong chuong nay ching ta fing 4 cp dén céc khai nigm vé hé thing diéu khién hdi tiép (feedback control systems). Dé hiéu rd cdc van 48 duge trinh bay tong chuong nay, ngudi doc cn tim hiéu truée vé hé théng hdi tiép, hé théng, diéu khiéa tayén tinh va cdc toolbox vé diéu khién trong matlab, Trong van hanh mang dién thi hé théng ty dng diéu khién cong sudt tic dung phit (automation generation control ~ AGC) la quan trong nat nén ching duge xem xét dau tién. Tiép dé 1a hé théng didu khién céng sudt phan khang va én dinh dign 4p; hé théng diéu khién kich tir, Trong mét hé théng lién két lén, cdc hé théng diéu khién tai, ty dong &n djnh dign dp duge lip d§t trong méi t8 may phat duge minh hoa nhu hinh 7.1. Cac thiét bj diéu khién duge cai dat cho céc ché d9 va diéu kign lam vige cu thé va dam bao mét su thay déi ndo dé cia nhu cdu tdi cfing khéng lim cho tin sé va bién 4 dign 4p dao déng vugt ra ngoai gidi han cho phép. ——i AVR = & = g Hig thong 3 ich tir = Khi, hoi hay nude Cael P6tiQo ‘Cong sudt dat P He thong cde, valve dieu khién LFC Botinsé |e ‘Hinh 7.1: So db khdi cia be théng LEC va AVR trong may phit ddng bé ‘MGI thay déi tuy nhé cia cing sudt tac dung phét la két qua cia sy thay 461 géc céng sudt 8 va tin sé tai, Cdn thay déi théng sé cia hé théng kich tir (dong dign kich tix) sé lam cho céng sudt phan khang thay ddi (van d@ nay da duge xem xét trong ly thuyét hé thong dign). Hing sé thoi gian cia hé thong 131Tg 7: Bid Rhién he thd i kkich tir phi nhé hon thai hing cia dong co so cdp va qué 6 trong ching. phai nhanh hon cua 46ng co so cép va khong anh huéng déa hé théng digu khién tai dng. Vi vay, hé théng digu khién tin s6 tai va hé théng ty dong én inh diga 4p khéng lim vige chéng chéo Ién nhau va ching ta phin tich ching. nhu hai hé théng dic lap. 7.2. Digu khién tin sb tii Myc dich cia bai toin diéu khién tn 36 tai 1a dam bao tin s6 tai ludn duy tsi trong m6t gidi han cho phép, diéu phéi cing sudt tai gitta cae may phat va diéu khién thay déi két néi (sie-line) theo lich trinh. Sy thay déi tin 36 va c6ng suit thuc két néi duge thyc hign qua sir thay di cia g6c céng suit 5. D6. léch eda tin higu tin 96 va céng suit thye phit ra so véi gid tri dit duge khuéch dai, tng hgp va dua dén b@ diéu khién cic valve dé thay déi lam ting. hole giém moment ciia dng turbine (hay la dng co so cp - prime mover). Khau dau tién trong viée phan tich, thiét ké hé théng didu khién [a mé hinh toan cia ching. Hai phuong phap durge sir dung phé bién 1a phuong trinh bién 446i (transfer function) va phuong php bién trang thai (state variable). Phuong phip bién trang thai duge sir dung phé bién dé minh hoa hé théng tuyén tinh cing nhur phi tuyén. Trong cdc trudng hop khde chiing ta sir dung phuong trinh bién adi va hé phirong trinh trang thai tuyén tinh thi he théng ‘nutéc hét phai duge tuyén tinh héa. 7.2.1. M6 hinh miy phit dign trong didu Ly thuyét vé m6 hinh todn may phat dién ding bO da duge trinh bay kkhé chi tiét trong cic tai ligu vé may dign. Trong tai ligu nay chi 6p dung cic Két qui chung nhat vé phuong trinh dong hoe may phat dé phye vy cho bai toén digu khién trong hé théng dign, Néu goi Ty ld moment ign tir (electromagnetic torque) cia may phat dong b6, T, la moment co cia d6ng co kéo so c4p (driving mechanical torque), néu bé qua tdn that thi trong diéu kign van hanh binh thuéng ta cé Ty = T,. Tuy nhién, tai thoi diém ban dau do: v6 sy mat can bing (c6 sy chuyén d9ng trong déi gida ti muing quay va rotor) néa din dén moment ca ‘, 6 thé lén hon hoc nhé hon moment dién 132ncong 1: Diéu khién hé thing ditn tir Ty. Khi 6 xudt hign moment tuong d6i trong rotor T, duge xc dinh theo ccéng thite: Te-Ta™ Tr 7.01) Goi J 1 moment quin tinh téng hgp gitta dng co so cip va miy phit, néu bs qua dao dong bé (frictional) vad} suy gidm (damping) thi phuong inh chuyén d9ng quay twong d6i ciia rotor duge xde dink nhu sau: (7.02) & diy 6, la gée dich chuyén (angular displacement) cita rotor so véi tryc chuin trong stator. Mac khic, 6 diéu kign téc dg ding bo thi van te géc la khéng dai va géc dich chuyén duye xde dinh nhu sau: 0.= wad, (7.03) véi 8, 18 gée vj tri ca rotor truée khi mat déi ximg (tai thei diém khao sit 1-0), duge xéc dinh tir diéu kign ban diu cia bai toan. Khi dé phwong tinh vi phan (7.02) duge viat lai nhur sau: © (7.04) \v6i @, 1a van tbc géc cita rotor. Gia the cia rotor lic nay dirge xic dinh bing, c&ch dao ham phuong trinh (7.04): a0, _ a5, a de G85) ‘Thay vao phone trinh (7.02) ta 23, “a co hin hai vé cia phuong trinh (7.06) véi o, ta duge: OT.- 0s (7.97) a8, Hay Jone Tie = Pe Pa (7.08) ‘Yi Py la céng suat dign tir va P, 1a céng sudt co cla dong co so cip. Thanh phin Jo, dugc goi ld hing s6 quan tinh (inertia constant) va thuong durge ky higu la My. Hing s6 quan tinh lign hé voi dng ning quay B, ciia rotor bing igu thie: 133,Yheomg 7: Dida Khim i tng din (7.09) Hay (7.10) Lim ¥ ring Mr la hing s6 quin tinh, nhumg né chi that sv la hing s6 khi xdy ra.mét ding b6 (téc 46 rotor Igch vai tée 46 déng b§). Tuy ahién, «, khong thay d6i nhiéu trade khi diéu kién én dinh bj mat nén My 06 thé duge xem xét tai t6c dd dng bé cfing la hiing s6, nghia la (7.10) Ly thuyét may dign chimg minh mdi lién hé gitta gée cng suat 6 ob méi lién hg vei goc Igch 8, va s6 doi cye tir p cla may phat dong bo nu sau: b= ute 6 -25 hay o-2 (7.12) Phuong trinh (7.12) chinh 1a phuomg trinh dng hoc (swing equation) cia may phat dign dong bo theo goc cong suat 5. Neu biéu dién trong hé don vj tuong déi véi gid ti cong suit co ban S.y thi phuong tinh (7.12) duge viét Iai: 226, PSO, £8 — pu) Pap) (713) Néu chiing ta dt H = & [MIMVA] thi ching duge goi la hing sé quan tinh don vj (per unit inertia constant) va ching ¢6 don vj tink Ia gidy (3). Mie Khac, te 4} co déng b6 @q, lién hé voi toc d6 dign déng bé @, theo biéu thire @.-(P/2)@ee, nén phuong trinh (7.13) duoe viet lai theo téc dién dién déng bd bu sau: = = Pe(pu)- Pe(pu) (7.14) 2H Hay viét duéi dang tn s6 dai td: 134Cheong 7: Bia hin hd thing den Has Eph 7.15) Luu ¥ ring trong phuong trinh (7.15) 8 ¢6 don vj tinh {a radian, cdc gia tr cng suat tinh trong hé don vj tuong d6i. Nhu vay, khi thay di nhé cia gée céng sudt sé din dén mét sy thay dai cita céng sudt va phurong trinh (7.14) 6 thé duge viét trong trubng hop nay ahw sau: 2H £8 = ApAP, 7.16) Hay viét theo tc 46 thi: as” 1 o 1, ar 7 ag Pe Pe) @.17) néu biéu dién t6c d6 trong he don vj twong déi thi: do 1 B= ere apd (7.18) Bién d6i Laplace cia phuemg trinh (7.18) ta due: 1 AMS) Fay lAP he) APs)] (7.19) So dé khéi thay thé cho méi quan hé cia phuong trinh (7.19) duge minh hoa hur hinh 7.2. APAS) = se Fans) APA) Hint 7.2: Se und eda 0 nin my phat 7.2.2. M6 hinh dng cor ser ep Céng sudt co lm quay rotor cia may phit dién dugc goi chung la dong co kéo so cép (prime mover); n6 cé thé Id turbine thay dién ding ning luyng ti nguén nurdo; turbine nhiét dign ding ning luong tir qué trink dt than, khi, diu hay phan img hgt nhin. Mé hinh cia déng co so cp (turbine) phai thé hign mii lin hé git 46 thay d6i cia cOng sudt co AP, theo dé thay di vi tri 133cong 7: Didu Uhiin he thdng dé (7.09) Hay (7.10) Luu ¥ ring Mr la hing sé quan tinh, nhumg né chi that sy 1a hiing 66 ki xiy ra mit dong b6 (tée d6 rotor Igch véi tbc a6 déng bd), Tuy nhién, a, khong thay d6i nhiéu muéc khi diéu kign én djnh bj mat nén Mr c6 thé durge xem xét tai t6c d) déng bé ciing la hing s6, nghie la: 2. any Mr= Ly thuyét méy dign chimg minh méi lién hg gitta goc cong suit 5 cé méi ign hg vai gée Iéch 2, va 646i cye tir p cla may phét déng b6 nhu sau: b= 26, 2 (7.12) Phuong trinh (7.12) chinh 1a phurong tinh dong hye (swing equation) cia may phat dign ding bo theo géc céng suit 5. Néu biéu dién trong hé don vj tuong d6i véi gid tr] céng suét co ban Sx thi phurong trink (7.12) duge viée hi: 226, a6 Pp So, dy PAP Pepa) (7.13) Néu ching ta dst H = & [MIMVA] thi ching durge goi la hing s6 quin tink don vj (per unit inertia constant) va ching c6 don vj tinh 1a gitty (8). Mac Khée, tbc d9 co ding b6 Og lién hg vai te 46 dign dbng bd «a, theo biéu thie @0-{P/2)Oee, nén phurong trinh (7.13) durge vit lai theo téc dia hur sau: 24'S. _ peony Papa) 7.14) ‘@, dt Hay vidt duéi dang thn s6 dail: SSS 134Chueorag 7: Dib ein i thng den Po (7.18) Luu y ring trong phuong tinh (7.15) 3 ¢6 don vj tinh la radian, cdc gia tri cng suat tinh trong h don vj trong d6i. Nhu vay, khi thay ééi nhé cita géc céng suat sé din dén mét sur thay di cia céng suat va phurong trinh (7.14) 05. thé duge viét trong trudng hyp nay ol sau: (7.16) Hay viét theo téc dé thi: 7) néu bidu dign tc 49 trong hé don vj tuong 46i thi: dso 1 ae = Fare AP) 7.18) Bién d6i Laplace eta phuong trinh (7.18) ta duge AQ) salar APAs)] (7.19) So dé khii thay thé cho méi quan h§ cia phwong trinh (7.19) duge minh hoa hu hinh 7.2. AP(s) se ane) APAS) nb 7.2: Sora kn eda mo hin my phit 7.2.2. M6 hinh dng co so ep Céng sudt cor lam quay rotor cia may phat dién duge goi chung la dong. co kéo so cép (prime mover); n6 co thé 1a turbine thiy dign ding néng Luong, tit nguén nude; turbine dign ding nang Iwgng tir qua trinh dét than, khi, dau hay phan (mg het nhdn. Mé hinh cia dng co so cp (turbine) phai thi hhign méi lién hé gita 46 thay déi cia cong sudt co AP, theo 46 thay d4i vi tri 133van diéu khién APy. Vi méi turbine khdc nhau, méi quan hé nay 1a rat khic hau. DSi véi turbine cia nh may nhigt dién Khéng c6 chu trinh héi nbigt, chiing ta cé thé xem xét méi quan hé nay duéi dang ham G.(s) nbur sau: eee Af 7.20) SO" BG)” Tees 20} 0 day +, 1a hing 36 thoi gian cia turbine; thong thuéng né nim irong khoang tir 0.2 dén 2 gify. Tir day, ta xdy dng m6 binh diéu khién cho dng co kéo so cdp ciia may phat ding bd nhw hinh 7.3. Z Teas ays) —> [— APG) ‘Hinb 7.3: So dd khéi cia mé binh dng co so cp 7.2.3.M6 hinh tii Tai cia cdc t8 may phat trong hé théng dién phy thudc vao cdc c thigt bj gin vao ludi dign va day 18 mot gid tr) bién thién lign tye. Sy thay trong hé théng durge chia thanh hai hom, Nhém thit nhét 14 nhém Khéng phu thudc vo sy thay 46i cia tin s6 ludi dién nhu céc loai tai nhiét, tai chiéu sing. abs) 7 E 7 aa} -@)- + ANS) K Hinh 7.4: So ab kn6t cia mo hinh turbine-may phat va thi 136"haomg 7: Diéu khién hé thing dién Nhom thé hai la nhom ma sy thay d6i cong suit r6i dign sé lam thay ddi cOng suat cita tai; 46 1a nhém tdi dng co. Sy thay déi cia céng sudt cla dong co theo tin s6 phy thudc vao during dic tinh tdc dé - tai (speed-load) eta timg thiét bj truyén dng. Dung dic tinh te d§ - tai cla mot tai tng hyp cé thd xdp xi nhu sau: APy = APL+KAo 7.21) 4 diy AP, 18 d6 thay di tdi khdng bj anh hudng bai tn s6 va KAc la phan tai thay déi phy thuge vao tin 0. Hé s6 K duge hiéu nhu la ty sé gitta phin tram thay di tai chia cho phin tram thay déi tin sé. Vi du, néu tai thay 461 2% trong d6 tn sé thay 46i 1% thi K=2. M6 hinh ti v8 may phét due minh hoa hu hinh 7.4 Rat gon so 46 hinh 7.4 ta duge so 46 don gian nh hinh 7.5. AP(s), [7 7 iets 2Hs+K ANG) APL(S) Hin 7.5: So dd kdb cia mé inh turbine-may phét vi tai 7.2.4, M6 hinh bp diéu the Khi céng suit tii ting d6t ngét, céng suat dign cia may phat s€ vugt qué céng suit co cia turbine. Sy thiéu hyt ndy duge bi dip béi dong nang quay tich tri trong turbine. +: mérvalve =: déng valve K Hinh 7.6: So a khéi cita bé dig tic 137Két qua cia sy gidm dng nang quay la lam cho téc d@ cla turbine gidm va dan dén tan 96 dong dign phat cia may phat gidm, Sy thay déi tic d6 nay sé tac déng lén b6 diéu téc (Governor) cita turbine; tir day, bé digu tdc sé phat ra tin higu mé cdc van didu khién Iu Iugng khi, hoi (hoc nude) dé thay ddi ‘cOng sudt co ngé ra cita turbine mgt céch s6m nhat. Lic nay turbine dat dén mt trang thai én dinh tinh méi. So 46 kh6i cia mét b diéu khién tée 6 urge minh hoa nhurhinh 7.6. © trang thai van hanh én inh, bd digu tc durge thiét ké sao cho cho phép t6c d6 gidm khi tai ting theo mét dic tinh tinh (vai mai b6 diéu téc khée nhau la khée nhau) va né 06 dang nhy hinh 7.7, Hé sé géc cia duing dic tuyén dai dign cho lugng t5c dé diéu chinh R (R=Ao/AP). Cac bé didu tbc trong thyc tign thuong c6 hrgng téc d6 diéu chinh khofing 5 dén 6% téc 46 inh mite khi ti bién thién tir khéng dén gid tri dinh mite. Duuimgfetioh ta han da __ Dung dj tah Sohiméi i edng su gia ‘bung dem an Hinh 77: Bic tinh the dj 6 trang thil tinh eda méy phit theo céng sult Bé lech céng suit phit ra cla méy phat AP, duoc so sinh v6i gid tri lech chinh dinh trugc Pj néu 06 su sai khéc thi sé higu chinh tic d6 theo céo dung dc tuyén nhu hinh 7.7; va duge minh hoa durdi dang bidu thite sau: the = APrer- AP, (7.22) Hay viét trong mién s ta durge: 138Hay AP{(s) = APads) - 7 A(8) (724) Dé léch céng suét duge khuéch dai va dua dén diéu khién lam thay doi vi tri mé cla van hoi (khi, nude). Néu gid thiét méi lién b§ nay 14 tuyén tinh thi (7.25) + AP(s) je Aco(s) Hinh 738: So ad kb di dign cho hg théng diéu chinh t6e 49 Trong dé, ty [A hiing sé théi gian. Hai phwong trinh (7.24) va (7.25) duge ‘minh hoa dang so dé khdi nhu hinh 7.8. Ké: hgp gitta ba so dé khéi hinh 7.3, 71.5 va7.8 ta 0d so dO ting thé cila bo diéu khién tan s6 tai trong mét hé théng cach ly nur so d3 hinh 7.9. APL(S) AP) ar) APs Pads) 7 7 7] 8%) Tits Ws+K Hinh 79: So 46 kh6i cia bg théng didu khién tin s6 tai - LFC Téi day, vi APre(s) li hing sé durge chinh dinh trude; ta c6 thé xem hé thdng chi c6 AP;(s) la ngé vao va AQ(s) la ngé ra. Khi 46 so d6 khOi digu khién van 86 ti duge thiét lap don gidin nu hinh 7.10. 139thién he tad aru) T_|__a9@, Psa K 7 Reiley Minh 7.10: So ad knéi cha hg théng LFC véi ngd vio PLE) ag@ ra ARIS) So dé khéi hinh 7.10 duye viét duréi dang ham truyén dat ving hi A.G(=)His) véi A hing sé (6 diy A=1/R) la: AG(s)H(s) = 4 u SORENIG SM 1+ts) (728) Viet dudi dang ham truyén dat véng kin thé hién méi quan hé gitta 46 thay 445i tai theo 46 thay di téc 49 nhur sau: As) (142,s)(1+2,s) pay (5) HS+K)(T+ 1, 5)(0+4,5) 4178 Hay AQIS) = -APL)T(S) (7.28) y6i T(s) chinh 1a vé phai cila phuong trinh (7.27). Sy thay déi ciia céng suit {ii duye nhiin dang theo timg nat nén AP,(s)=AP,/s. D6 léch téc 46 tai thai trang thai 6a dinh méi duoe xée dinh nhu sau: Ao lings) = CAP.) (7.29) Lun ¥ ring, trong trudmg hgp khong ¢6 thanh phan they ddi tan sd tai (KA@), nghia la K=0 thi 46 léch tan 86 6 trang théi tinh chi phy thude vao Ivong digo chinh t6e dG cita b6 diu tbe. Khi dé: Ads = APR (7.30) ‘Trong truimg hop ting quat, hé thdng o6 n t6 may phat voi n b6 diéu téc con ngng didu chinh téc dp R,, Rp..., Ry thi 46 Iéch tn s6 6 treng thai tinh durge xc dinh theo biéu thie: AMR EE 73) 1401: Diéu khién hé thing dién Vidy 7. Mét méy phit niim trong mOt hé théng dg lap cé hing sé turbine 470.4, hing sb thdi gian cia bO digu tbe 1,-0.1, hing sé quan tinh cia may phat H=4(s). Luong digu chinh t5e 46 cia bé didu t6c R tinh trong hé don vj trong d6i. Tan sé thay d6i 1% tuong img v6i tai thay d6i 0.8% “a) Ding tigu chudn Routh-Hurwitz, hay tim khoing thay di cia R dé digu khién én dinh hé théng. b) Ding phuong phap qui dao nghigm s6 (root-locus) dé vé va xic dinh ©) Gia thi& R duge cai dat voi gid tri 0.04pu; turbine 06 céng suit dinh mite 200MW 6 tn sé binh thudng 1a 50Hz. Tai thay doi voi bude AP.=0.2pu (trong (mg véi 4OMW). Tim dé léch tin s6 6 trang thai tinh; sir dyng Matlab dat duge thing s6 trong mién thdi gian va dap ting d¢ iéch tin sé. 4) Sirdyng Matlab dé mé phéng két qua & edu c. Giai: ‘Thay thé cic théng sé ciia dau bai vao so 43 khéi hinh 7.10 cia b didu khién tan sé tai va biéu dién duéi dang ham truyén dat vong hé ta c6: Pus) 7 AN), ise08 i RivOIg Tet Lun y theo gia thiét thi K=0.8%/176= 0.8. ‘Ham truyén dat vong hé c6 dang: 4 3.1254 A - - SHO) ~ Saas OTT +048) 574125" 16T5RF IS @ day A=UR. a) Phuong teinh dc tinh cla hé théng Ia: es 3.1254 LAGS) = (4 ia gat a6 eds Hay 8°+12.657426.255+2.543.125A = 0 141‘Lp bang theo tigu chudin Routh-Hurwitz nhu sau: sir 26.25 | 12.6 2.543.1254 s!} 26.0515-0.248A 0 8°] 2.543.1258 0 Theo tigu chuin Routh-Hurwitr thi thinh phdn 26.0515-0.248A va 2.513.125 pl .8. Tuy nhién A>O nén két qua 4é hé théng én dinh la A<105.04, Noi céch khéc, dé hé théng én dinh thi lugng diéu chinh cia bd didu tée R phai cai dit lon hon 1/105.04=0.00952. ‘Voi A=105.04 thi phuong trinh bé tro (auxiliary equation) tir hang chira s* co 12.65°4330.7489 = 0 4)5.1234. Didu niy c6 nghia la véi R=0.00952 ta e6 mt ep exe 1p trén truc jo va hé théng chi én dinh trong gigi han cép eye nay theo qui dao nghigm. +d) Scrdung ham rlocus trong matlab voi cde thong s6 nhgp la: rnum=3.125; den=[1 12.6 26.25 2.5] ta v8 duge qui dzo nghiém s6 c6 dang nhur hinh 7.11: Qui gaa nahin 96 a dgo ughif 6 trong vi dy 7 ‘Tit qui dgo nghigm sé ta xée djnh duge hai diém tir diréng giao gita qui do ‘Oi tryc jn la s = +)5.1254; thay vao phuong tinh dac tinh cua hé théng (uu J Ala phan thye duong cita phuong trinh) ta xéc dinh duge A=105.04, Tir 46 xe dinh duge R=1/A=1/105.04=0.00952. 142Yucomg 7: Diu khién hé thine ditn ¢) Dé dm do iech tin sé theo sy thay 44i cong sudt tai ta sit dung ham truyén dat vong kin nhu céng thite (7.27) ta durge: (6) =- 420) = __vbtsi(e 04s) (AP,(s) (Be +08)(1+ 01s )(1+045)4170.08 0.12503 4 1,5625e 43.125 Ws 126s" + 26.255 + 80.625 Dé léch tan sé 6 trang thai tinh durgc xic dinh theo céng thite (7.29) -tanj a0? Aare CAPO OB +1/ 0.04 ‘Vay khi céng sudt thay déi mt lugng 0.2pu (40MW) thi tan sé sé thay déi 0.007751 pu (=0.007751*50=0.3876 Hz). ‘Trong Matlab ta viét m6t dogn chwrong trinh nhwr sau: =-0.007751 pu ‘er==s5 VE DAF UNG CUA DO LECH TAN SO-W U7 02; ume = (0.128 15625 3.125): dene =[1 126 26.25 80.625} (20.0110; = -PListep(rume, done, 9 quiet), lott cad xlatolt, gay’ ylabel(pu) ttle(Dap ung cua do lect tan so) fee a % K& qua ta 06 dang dap tng nhu hinh 7.12: Tia ‘Hinh 7.12: Dap dng tn sé trong vi dy 7.1 4) Mo hinh mé phéng duge xay dymg trong Simulink cla Matlab nhur sat 143Chacomgz 7: Dikss iin he thing din inh 7.13: So 48 mé phing trong Matlab cho vi dy 7 ‘Két qua m6 phong cho dang song & hinh 7.14: Hinh 7.14: Dang s6ng mé phéng cho vi dy 7.1 Vidy 7.2: Mét hé théng dgc Igp tan s5 S0Fz gdm hai t6 may van hinh song song. ‘Té may 1 cé cng sudt dinh mite 500 MW, khoang dn dinh téc d6 R.=6%: t6 may 2 cé céng suat dinh mic 400 MW, Khoang én dinh téc 49 R,=5%. May phat 1 dang phat 400 MW; may phét 2 phat 200 MW (cong suit nhu clu 600 MW). Khi cng sudt tai ting 80 MW; chon céng suat co bin 1000 MVA. ) Tim 46 Igch tn sé 6 trang thai dn dinh tinh m6i cia hai may; gid thiét khéng cé sy thay di tai theo tin sé. b) Khi tai thay ddi 2% cho mai sy thay di 1% cia tin sé; bay tim 46 Iéch tan sé o trang thai én djnh tinh moi cia hai may phat. 144Churomg 7: Biéu khién he thing dién Gis Chi ¥ ring, ede gid tr] R, cha my phdt duge cho 1a img véi céng suit inh mic cia may phat. Do 46, khi tinh trong hé théng cé nhiéu t6 may ta phai qui vé cling mét cng suat chung (céng suat co ban) theo céng thie sau: Ry =Rde, i Tir d6, ta c6 cde gid trj R; olla cdc t6 may phat tai cng suit co ban 1000 MVA. Bi Ry = 0.062% = 0.12 1 = pu Rp = 0.05 1200 = 9.125 2 Dy pu 46 thay déi cng suit trong hé don vi trong doi: AP, = 82 =0.08 a pu 2) Tir gid tr tacé K=0; Ap dung céng thite (7.31) ta cb: 1 fem T7012 + 170.125 “AP,): = (-0.08). i dae 0.004897 pu K+A,+4, Nhu vay, 46 Iéch tn s6 ¢ trang thai 6n djnh tinh méi 1a: Af = -0.004897450 = -0.2449 Hz. Néi cach khdc, khi tai ting 80 MW (0.08pu) thi tan sé hrdi s€ gidm 0.2449 Hz. conor nh 7.15: Bic ti thn s6-cfng sult trong vi dy 72 145,Chusomg 7: Dibu khién hy thing dién Lurgng cong suat can diéu chinh trong cae may phat dé dat duge diéu kign én inh méi la (cng thie 7.31): 004897 - SOME = 0.0408 pu = 40.8MW 001897 _ = ae = 0.0392 pu = 39.2MW ‘Chung ta cé thé minh hoa bai todn biing 48 thj hinh 7.15. b) Voi gid thiét ta cb K=2; tir cOng thie (7.31) ta xde dink duroe 46 léch tin s6 nhu sau: 1 1 ‘cigs = (APL) a ma APL 241/O.141/0.15 K+4,+4, 4 léch tan sé tinh bang Hz la: Af = -0.00436*50 = -0.218 Hz = -0,00436 pu .08) D6 thay dai cng suit cia céc my phat dé gid dn djnh trong true hop nay. li: 40, _ 0.00436 OID 4o, _ 0.00436 Ap, =-2% = RODS AP) = = 0.0363 pu = 364 MW = 0.03488 pu = 34.88 MW Nhan théy ring, trong tring hgp nay tong céng suét phat thém ciia hai 10 may (36.4+34.88=71.28 MW) nhé hon 46 ting céng suit cia tii (80 MW). Did ndy duge ly gidi ring & tin sé vgn hanh méi (tin sé vin hanh 50- 0.218=49,782 Hz) thi 66 thay déi cong sudt cling giam theo (duge minh hoa tr cng thite 7.21). Dd thay d6i céng suat nhu cdu theo d6 thay d6i tin 96 urge xe dinh nhur sau (tir cng thite 7.21): A@K = -0,00436*2 = 0.00872 pu =-8.72 MW 146hu Whiin he thd 7.3. Ty dong digu khién cOng sudt phat Khi céng sudt tai diu oye méy phat ting, tSe d§ cia turbine 98 gitm truée Khi b§ digu tc didu chinh hg théng van didu Khién ludng khi (hoi, nude) vao turine dé dat dén mot trang thai can bing méi, Qua trinh diéu chiah s@ két thiic khi tin higu sai s6 nha duge tir su thay ddi cong sudt 1é rit bé, diém lam viée ciia bé digu tdc xem nu tring véi diém dim bio téc 46 Sn dink cia hé théng, Nhigm vy cia diéu khién cong sudt phat 1a phai dim bio cho hg théng tré Iai diém van hinh én dinh méi. Trong thyc tién hing s5 téc 46 khéng phai 1a mot diém duge cai dat cé dinh ma né phai duge bi (offset) thy theo timg trudng hgp. Mét eich don giin nhit la ding khéu phan hdi tich phan dé gidm sét vige ba nay. Toan b9 viée nay phai duge thyc hign hoan toan ty d6ng khi tai ciia hé théng thay di dé dim bio tan s6 cia hé thang, Iuén duge duy tri. Vige thyc hign nay duge goi la ty ding diéu khién cong sudt phat (outomatic generation control - AGC). Trong mot hé théng lién két Jon gém nhiéu vong phy tai khdc nhau, vai trd ike ty dong diéu khién céng sudt duge chia thanh digu khién tai, diéu khién tram va Gide khién may phit ign. Vige thiét lap mé¢ trang thai van hanh mdi phai dim bio tinh kg thuge va wu vé mit kin t8, APL) APs) yD) | at “Te re 7_]_196) 7 Tas +e 2He+K js [es] [poi Hinh 7.16: So a8 ty dng itu khiéa cing sudt (AGC) cia hé théng 6 lap M6t vin 48 edn uu ¥ la vige ty dng didu khién cong suét chi durge hign trong trang thai én djnh cia hé théng. Trong qué trinh phan tich, xem xét qua dg Khong déi xing, hé théng tv dong dieu khién cdng suit duge b5 qua (bypassed) vi céc hé théng diéu khién khic duge six dyng, Trong tai ligu may OO 147(Chor 7: iu Khim he tg én chi xem xét m6 hinh ty dng digu khién e6ng suét trong he théng de Ip va hg théng lign két ton. 7.3.1. Ty dng didu khién cong sudt trong hg thong 3 lip. Trong hé théng c6 lép, néu ching ta chi st dung bd diéu khién tan s6 tai LFC thi két qua 1a 46 léch tan sé 6 trang thai én diah méi phy thude vao tbc dg dn dinh R ciia b§ didu téc. Khi A ién vé zero, ching ta phai thy hign vige cAi 4% Iai (reset action). Chiing ta o6 thé thye hign vige nay thong qua khu tich phén két hgp véi bO LFC. Khau tich phan s8 gitip cho qué trinh tién dén zero cia 46 léch tin s6 nhanh chéng hon. Mé hinh bé digu khidn bie ndy duge minh hoa nhu hinh 7.16. Bién 4di so dé khéi hinh 7.16 ching ta duge so 48 tuong duong nhu hinh 7.17. Khi d6, him truyén dat vong, kin eda hé théng duge cho béi cing thie (7. 2 Lum f ring, Ki trong so 48 khéi ciia hé théng hinh 7.16 1a d6 Igi cia khu diéu khién tich phan. 9) 45 { AX) 2K 2 (& Hinh 7.17: So d3 kh6i eda AGC vii ng® vio APL(6), ngs ra AQ() AOS) s(tt, sles) AP,(s) o(2He+K)(1¥4,5)(T+45) +8) ROK, (732) Vidy 7.3: ‘MOt hé théng diéu khién tin 4 tai 06 cée théng s6 ban dau nhu vi dy 7.1, dutge lap thém mét khau tich phan c6 Ky=8 dé phyc vy cho vige ty dong idu khién céng suai. a) Ding Matlab dé vé dang song dap img cia 46 léch tin s6 voi gia thiét 46 Iéch céng suét nhur vi dy 7. 148Cuong 7: Diu ibn he thing b) Dung Simulink de md phéng ket qua. Gi a) Tirkét qua ca vi dy 7.1 ta c6 duge ham T(s) nhur sau: AIOE HT+O4s) (85 408)(T-40.15 (140-48) 870.0808 = 0128s" + 156285? 43.1254 4126594262557 + 80.62504 25 ‘Himh 7,18; Dap drag tln s6 trong vidy 7.3 ‘Trong matlab ta viét mt doan chuong trinh nhw sau: VE DAPUNG - V1 DU7.3: PL=o2Ke8, ume = [0.126 15626 9.125 0} dene =[1 126 26.25 80.625 9,128°KI {= 0:01:29; c= PLsten{nume, done.) igure), plot.) gid abel (gay!),ylabei(Do lech tan 50(pu)) titer Dap ung cua doch ten so) %e beaks BB thj oé dang nh hinh 7.18. 'b) M6 hinh mé phéng trong simulink duge thiét lép nhw hinh 7.19, 145Chucomge 7: Die Hatin ht thOng din ‘Hinh 7.19: So 43 m6 phing trong Matlab cho vidy 7.3 fr (Ss) B/D 2|2) Afaa|e & ~ ‘Hinh 7.20: Két qui md phng cho vi dy 7.3 K& qua m6 phéng duge nhy hinh 7.20, 73.2. Ty dng digu khién cOng suit trong hé thong da lién két Cé nhidu tring hop mét nhém cae may phat c6 cdc dc tinh bén trong. hau nhu giéng nhau. Hon nifa, turbine cia céc may phét nay e6 cling die tinh dap tng, Khi a6, chiing ta c6 thé mo hinh cdc té may nay bing mot tb may 136Cheecng 7: Diéu khién hé thing ditn twong duong c6 cing mét b¢ diéu chinh tan sé tai (LEC) thay thé cho toan bo nhém méy, Ching ta bat dau bai toan ty dong diéu khién trong hé thing da lign két bing viée xem mt hé thdng gdm cé hai khu vye. Hai khu vye durge dai dién bing hai hai may phat tuong duong (duge dang trj tir nhiéu may phat 6 dc tinh gan ging nhau) nhu hinh vé 7.21. Kp, Pe i Hind 721: M6 hinh hg thdng lien két hat Ku vye Hai khu vue duoc lign ket véi nhau théng qua duimg day voi ting tra Xia day ching ta 44 bd qua tn that céng suit tic dung trong mang). Trong suot qué trinh vgn hanh binh thuong, cong suat truyén qua dudmg day di xem xét ‘va duge xc dinh theo céng thie sau: 733) ‘Trong 6: Xi = X;+Xy+X; va 612 = 61-52. Phuong tinh (7.33) c6 thé duge tuyén tinh héa trong mét doan thay d6i nhd eda céng suat truyén APyp nhur sau: AP = APa= Fee lag Abs ~PeAB a (734) day P, la hé 86 goe cia duong cong gdc céng suit tai thoi diém khio sat ban A6, thi cOng sudt s@ truyén dr khu vue 1 sang khu vyc 2 va nguge Igi. So 46 kh6i dai dign cho hai ving véi hé thong LFC chita cc vong lap so cdp duoc minh hoa nhu hinh 7.22. 15|~ ars ah6) APG) 7 _t LJ Gs] | Tans Ad) @ LP ois), Se dPrals) +> 7 7 LJ 2 Teas Ties ARxs) APi2(8) as R inh 7.22: Se @é hg théng hai khu vye vi b@ LF aguyén thiy Ching ta xem xét truéng hgp tai khu vye 1 cé mt sy thay déi tai AP), va o trang thai dn dinh tinh, do 1ch tn s6 tai hai khu vye 14 nbw nhau. Nghia Ié: A, = Aa,= Ao va APs APi2~ APL = AK APatAP 2 ~ A@gle (7.36) Su thay d5i céng suit co duge xéc dinh theo dic tinh téc dé cia bé diéu tée nhu sau: (137) Ady = —— Fe __ (7.38) (f+«}-(E-x) R Ry Néu dat Dj = K+1/R; thi phuong trinh (7.38) duge viét lai 152Cheong ng ting tn ew (739) D,+D, D, duge biét nhu 1a hg s6 4 déc tin sé (frequency bias factors), Khi 46 46 thay d0i céng suat truyén giita hai ving duoc xAc dinh nhur sau: APs aa (740) Vidy 74: Mot he théng tin sé SOHZ hai khu vue duge lign két voi nhau bang during day véi céc théng s6 cia méi ving nhu sau: ‘Ving 1: S—p=1000 MVA; Ki=0.5; Ri=0.04; Hi=45 t—)=0.4(s); t1=0.25(6) ‘Ving 2: $.4=1000 MVA; K.=1; R.=0.05; 20.5(6); ty=0.4(5) Cae may phit vén hanh song song 6 ché d§ binh thurimg véi tin s6 dinh mic SOHz; hé sé ddng b6 héa duge tinh IA 1.5 pu; 49 thay déi tdi & ving 1 1a AP, ;=180 MW; chon cOng sudt co ban cia toda hé thang la 1000 MVA., a) Xéec dinh tin s6 & trang thai b) Tim 46 léch céng suat trayén gidta hai ving ¢) Ding Matlab mé phéng dap img dé léch thn sb inh tinh méi Git: a) D6 léch cOng sudt tai ving 1 tinh trong hé don vj tuong adi 1a = 180. ap 22 = 0.18 pu 46 Igch tin sé 6 trang thai tinh méi duge xéc dinh theo céng thire (7.38) nh sau: 6 lech tin s6 trong dom vi Hz la: Af= 50(-0.00387) = -0.1935 Hz vay tn sé 6 trang thai dn djah mdi 1a: 0.00387 153Chneong 7: Did Khibn hg thing dién f= feta = 50 - 0.1935 = 49,8065 Hz Lie nay lurgng céng sudt ting ting trong mdi khu vye duge xée dinh theo Ong the (7.37) tuong tng la: 00387 R 0.04 AP ey = 0.09675 pu = 96.75 MW Pa =92— ~ MBE ~ 0774 pu=77.4 MW ‘hin thdy ring, tng céng suit phét cia céc may phiét (96.75+77.4=174.15 MW) nhé hon edng suat nhu cu tai ting (180 MW); digu nay lA do sy thay 40i céng suit nhu ciu do tn sé giém. D6 gidm cOng sudt tgi mdi khu vue do giam tn s6 duge xe dinh tuong ty vi dy 7.2 (AegK)=0.0038740.5=- 0.001935pu=-1.935 MW; AosK:=-0,00387" 1=-0.00387pu =-3.87 MW). ‘DO thay d6i cong suit truyén durge xic dinh theo cOng thitc (7.40) D, APy=-AP, A Dp, =Aeo5sD3=-0.00387"(K+1/Ry)=-0.08127 pu= 81.27 MW igu nay c6 nghfa 1a 81.27 MW cOng sui chay tt ving 2 sang ving 1; may phat 6 ving 2 phat thém 77.4 MW va ving hai ting 3.87 MW do tin s6 durge hue di. ») So dd mé phéng trong Matlab duge minh hoa nhw hinh 7.23. Két qua md phéng dap tmg 46 léch tan s6 duge minh hoa é hinh 7.24. Két qua mé phong 6 Igch céng swat nhy hinh 7.25. ‘Tir két qua vi dy 7.4 nhin thiy ring, néu hé thing LFC duge trang bj vong lp didu khién sor cdp co ban thi khi céng sudt & khu vye 1 thay dai durge bi dip bai vige tang céng sudt phat tgi ca hai khu vyc, lam thay di céng sudt ign két gida hai khu ve va tan sé van hinh gidm. Tuy nhién, trong digu khign van hinh binh thuémg é trang thai tinh, mét 6 hé théng phai yéu cu day tri tin s6 én dinh. Khi dé, giai phdp don gian nhét ong bai toin van hanh J: duy tri tn s6 @ digu khién vén anh binh thuring, duy tri lugng eéng sudt chay qua duimg day lién két cho tat cd céc bai toan dibu 46 va mai kh vye phai ty dap ing dé thay déj tdi cua minh.Cheong 7: Biéu khién hé thing dién erney Hioh 7.25: Két qui m6 phing dp tng 46 ih chng sult cho vidy 74 155itn ‘Thwémg thi dé thye hign digu nay, bd LFC duge digu khién bing 49 déc két di (tie-line bias control); 6 day m6i khu vue cé Khuynh hung gidm sai sé iéu khién ving (area control error — ACE) vé zero. Sai sé diéu khién ving bao gim sai s6 két ndi va sai o6 tin 26, Hay vidt duréi dang bidu thie la: ACE = Yar, + BAo, al) 4 diy B, duge xem nhu la lung tuong tée gitta cfc khu vye lin edn trong suét thoi gian khéng cn bing. M@t eich tng quit tét cd cde théng 36 sé dat duge khi B, durge lay bling h@ s6 dd déc vin s6 (D)). Khi d6, cc gis tri sai s6 diéu kniéa ving cho hai khu vue duye xc dink nhu sau: ACE; = AP + Didw, ACE; = AP2; + DjA@n; (7.42) 6 day APj2 va AP2; duge xuat phat tir bai toin diéu dé trao 46i céng sudt: gid tri sai s6 diéu khién ving duge str dung nhwr la tin higu 48 thay 48% gi tj céng, sudt dt chun ban dau va khi trang thai tinh durge thidt Igp thi AP, va Ae sé bing khong. Hing s6 46 Igi trong khau tich phan phai chon du nho dé khong am thay d6i phuong the cita mdi ving. So 48 khéi cia AGC trong truémg hgp nay durge minh hoa nhu hinh 7.26. Vidy 7.5: M6 phang Iai vi dy 7.4 véi mé hinh hé théng hai khu vy o6 sir dung sai s6 éiéu khién ving. Gia thiét cho Ky=Ky So a3 mé hinh m6 hinh m6 phong trong simulink durge xay dmg nhu hinh 7.27. Két qua mé phéng ta duge dang dap img cia d6 léch tin 3} nhw hinh 7.28. 1561») Aou(s) 2Hs+K,] APA) Hinh 7.27: So a mo phing trong Matlab cho vi dy 7.5, 157inh 7.28: K&t qui md phing AGC cho vidy 7.5 7.33. Ty déng diéu khién céng suat phat t6i wu Bai todn didu d6 tdi wu dai duge khao sit ¢ cée chuong trudc; bai todn nay c6 thé duge thyc hign trong pham vi cia b LFC néu hé théng don gian. Tuy nhén, ngay nay véi sy phirong trinh eta Ky thugt diéu khién s6 tre tiép bing may tinh tée d cao, chiing ta cé thé gidi quyét bai todn cho timg té may trong mét h théng da lién két. Voi céng cu nay, ching ta c6 thé so sanh va chinh dinh lai tap cae gid tr cai dt t6i uu trong vgn hanh tir ket qua cla bai toan digu d6 t6i wu hé thdng dién. Vige nay 06 thé duoc thue hign lién tye trong mi chu ky digu khién 1én luéi hay ot may phat ra kchdi luéi (thudng 1A 1gid) hoge 1a diéu khién trye tiép dén timg may phét dé ting hay giém lugng cbng sudt phat. Ky thudt ditu khién hign dai cing cho phép diéu dong cong sudt két ndi gitta cde khu vue mét céch tdi um nhét (bai todn phn b5 céng suat t6i uu ~ OPF). Véi su phat trién cia ly thuyét diéu khién hign dai, rét nhiéu khdi nigm 2u khién 48 duge dua ra trong dé 06 cd vige mo rgng bai toan te dong diéu knién cOng sudt phét dyta trén digu khién d9 déc két néi di khdo sit 6 tuén trong cac khu vue déng hay mét hé théng Ién hodn chinh. Céc ly thuyét didu khién hign dgi duge dp dung trong truéng hgp nay bao gdm: bai todn anh gid trang thai (state estimation), wi wu diéu khién sir dung hé théng tigp (feed-back), ky thudt diéu khién theo ly thuyét diu khién ngdu nhiéa (stochastic)... 138Chicong 7: iéu khién hé thing dign 7.4. Didu khién cOng sudt phan khang va dign 4p Dign dp va céng suat phan khéng cla may phit duge diéu khién théng qua hé thang kich tir (excitation). Hé théng kich tir trong cde may phat tre day thudng ding méy phat dign mgt chiéu dat cing tye véi may phat chinh va vép dign cho b kich tir thong qua hé théng phién gop-chdi than. Ngiy cdc cdc hé théng kich tir hién dai thurmg dugc tao nén tir may phat xoay chiéu ‘théng qua b@ chinh fu quay (rotating rectifier) va ching duuge goi chung la hg thdng kich tir khong chéi than (brushless excitation). Nhu ching ta da biét, sy thay 43i c6ng suit tac dung sé lam anh huég co ban dén tn sé cia ludi cén sy thay ddi cia céng suét phan khéng pha thude chit yéu vao bién 45. dign 4p. Sy anh hung gitta dign ap va tin 36 trong digu khién la rit nho. Didu nay cho phép ching ta phan tich hai hé thong diéu khién nay riéng bigt ahau. Chinh liu ién ap Do di Ye, P6+jQc 86 dn dinh| Hiinh 7.29; So dd khdi cia bg AVR. Céng sudt phan khang trong lurdi dign duge too ra chi yéu tir may phat dong b6 va bd tu. Trong médy phat dign ding b9, céng suit phan khang duge igu khién bang tir théng cia cugn kich tit. Dién ap trong Ludi dién con durge digu knién bé sung thong qua hé théng truyén tai nhu may bién dp 6 dau phan ap dudi tai, déng ct bé ty, b> On dinh dign dp, thiét bj bu tinh (static var control equipment). Trong may phat déng bd cong sudt phan khéng duge diéu 159Chacomg 7: Diéu khién he thing dién ‘khién béi hg théng ty dng én dinh dign Ap (automatic voltage regulator — AVR). Trong chuong nay chi yéu ching ta xem xét céc gidi phip diéu khién cho b§ AVR. Nhigm vu co ban ciia bg AVR li duy tri bién 46 dign &p phat & Qt gif tej chinh dinh, Nguyén ly cla bo AVR duge minh hoa nhu hinh 7.29. Su ting céng suat phan khang cia phy tai di kém theo dé 1a sy giam biéa.dS dign dp; dign dp duge gi nhén théng qua may bién dign dp (TU). Dign 4p nay duge chinh lu va so sinh véi gid tr] dat ban dau, Sai sé gita dign ap phan hoi va dign dp dit s duge khuéch dai va dua tin higu diéu khién tang tir théng cudn kich tir ngodi. Tir 46 lam cho ding dién kich tir eda my pht ting iin dén ting site dign dgng cia may phit. Cong suit phan khing phat ra oda may phat s€ dat t6i gid tr cfin bing méi; dign ap du cye may phat ting lén i tri mong muda, 7.4.1. Mé hinh to&n cia ede khdi trong bp AVR Trude hét ching ta xem xét m6 hinh todn cia bé Khuéch dai. BO khudch dai duge dic tring béi hing sé d6 loi Ky vi hing sé thai gian 1% théng qua him truyén sau: A tay? Teas oa) ‘V6i céc bj AVR thong dung thi Ky cé gid trj trir 10 dén 400; hang sé thoi gian cla bd khuéch dai cé gid trj rat nh nim trong khodng 0.02 dén 0.1 giéy va thutmg duge bé qua. M@ hin ton thir hai ma ching ta cin xem xét 1A md hinh eta bé kich tir. Cé rét nhigu Jogi kich tix khéc nhau. Tuy nhién, véi cdc may phat hign dai ngay nay, bO kich tir thuromg ding la b9 kich tir xoay chieu lién tye cOng suat én duge chinh Inu 6 didu khién bai cdc SCR. Dién 4p ng6 ra cia may phat kich tir v5 li him phi tuyén véi dign 4p kich thich ban diu (field voltage) v4. Didu nay 1a do anh hung cha mach ti. Vi vay, méi lién he gitta dién ap ngo ra va ng@ vio cia b@ kich tir lé khong don gin, Rat nbiéu m6 hinh cia bp kich tir 44 duge dura ra trong cic tap chi vé dign - dign tir. Tuy nhién, mé hinh hign dai phi hyp nhat la mé hinh b} kich tir tuyén tinh. Voi bO nay théng so quan trong nhat Ja hang s6 théi gian; cdc thong s6 phi tuyén cé thé dirge bo qua, Trong tredng hop don gidn nhét, him truyén cia b6 kich tir cho may 160‘tong 7: Did Kh hg thing did phat Kkich tir 06 thé duge dai di¢n boi hing s6 thoi gian t; va 46 Igi Ke va duge minh hoa nhur sau: Vel) Ke Va) Treg oH) ‘Trong céng thite (7,44) hing s6 théi gian thudng rat nh. ** Dai trong eda b6 AVR la méy phat dign; nén ching ta phai xem xét m6 hinh méy phat trong trubng hgp nay. Stic dign dng duge tgo ra trong méy phat la ham eta duong cong tir héa va dign 4p ra cia né phy thuge vao tdi cia ching. Trong mé hinh tuyén tinh, ham truyén dat thé hign moi lign he aitla dign dp ra V\(s) cia may phit véi dign 4p ng6 vio cia eugn kich ti éurge agi dign béi hing sé dé Igi Ko, hing sé thei gian xg nhw sau: Kos) _ _Ko Vet) Tras G49) Trong céng thite (7.45) Ke, taphy thude vio digu kign tdi; Ka c6 gié tri gitia 0.7 dén 1 vi to cb gid tr tir | dén 2 gidy khi tdi tir gid tr] 100% dinh mize dén Khong tai. Khéi do dign Ap cing duge mé td biing mé hinh todn; thiét bj do & day la cae bién dign dp (TU). Dign 4p sau khi ra TU sé duge dua dén b6 chinh luv cau, Ham truyén dat don gian nhat cia khiu nay dirge mé ta nhur sau: Wels), Ke Vs) Tras 748) 4 diy: Va, li dign Ap do duge sau khi qua TU va b6 chin liu; ty €6 gid tj rit nhé (thudng nim trong khoang 0.01 dén 0.06 gidy). V6i tat ca cac khau da duge m6 ta ta ¢6 so 48 khdi ciia mot b§ AVR durge minh hoa nhur hinh 7.29, ron wien ay pt Vids Wis,, x | fx. | J _x, vis), Tee Ter Treas Ks le To Dotan Hinh 7.30: So 43 khéi ciia bd AVR TélClneomg. 7: Dida khién hé shing ditn win ee Ham trayén dat vong hd cho bé AVR duge viét tir so d3 kh6i hinh 730 nh sau: KK KeKs __ (4 (Fe gio aes Ne 19 (TTS) Ham truyén dat vang kin thé hign méi lién hé gitta dién dp ng 1a V, va ign 4p dt Ver duge thé hign ahw sau: Bis) KKK (l4758) = —_LaK, Ko (lags) 7 Vag) Cae Ml¥ aps) es) 8) KKK O48) AG()H(S) = Néu gid tri dign dp d3t ngd vao c6 dang Vru(s)=~ thi dap img 6 trang thai tinh cia dign dp ng6 ra duge xée djnh nbur sau: Ves Firs (3) = (7.49) Vi dy 7.6: Mét b§ AVR cé ede théng 36 cho nhur trong so dé hinh 7.30; vi cdc thong 96 duge cho nhu sau: Ke-Ke=Ks=1; 14-01; 420.25; tL; 190.05. 4) Tim Ky 48 dé thong didu khién én dind, b) Ding matlab 48 vé quy dao n ©) Cho Ka~5; hay tim dép dng 6 trang thai tinh; vé dd thi minh hoa trong matlab, 4) Ding Simulink 48 mé phing b6 AVR trén. Giai: ‘Véi cde théng sé nhur gia thié, thay vao phuong trinh him truyén dat vong hé (7.47) ta duzge: ———— (TOT (T+O251)(128 (140.055) 800K, * Toe sities) 2048) 300K, © WOOT TIDIs + 33457 F359 35" a)Phuong trinh de tinh e6 dang: ss 162 AG(S)H(s)=Chneomg 7: Biéu khién hé thing dién ik 800K, 8003 11205-+ 35487 +3597 Hay $4435594354s7+1120s+800K,.+800 = 0 Sir dung tigu chun Routh-Hurwitz ta lép bang nhur sau: sy 354 800K,+800 8/35 1120 0 s*]322 800K,+800 0 s!| 1033,043-86.9565K, 0 0 s°1800K,,+800 0 0 tir két qua bang trén; ta thay 48 hg théng én djnh thi 1033.043-86,9565K,>0 va 800K #80070; voi Kx>0 ta 66 duge gid tr Kg cn tim fa Ky<11.88. Véi K,4=11.88 thay vao hang s* ta duge phuong trinh bé trg cé dang: 32257410304 = 0 Hay s=45.6568, Nghia Ih voi K,=11.88 ta c6 m6t cp cue trén true fo jo va ‘hg théng chi én djnh trong gidi han nay. b) Ching ta sir dung ham rlocus(num, den) trong matlab véi cac thing sb ahi nhu sau: num=6400; den=[1 35 354 1120 800}; sau khi vé ta dirge dang quy dgo nghiém s6 nhw hinh 7.31. autesenhtesd Toetwe inh 7.31; Quy dgo nghifm s6 cia vi dy 7.6 Tir hinh vé cia quy dao nghigm s6, ta xée dinh duge cp nghigm (la giao diém gitta quy dgo va tryc do). Thay gia trj c&p nghiém vio phwrong trinh dc tinh va en biing phin thyc ta duge tim duge Ky = 11.88. 168Chuong 7: Didu khién he thing ditn ¢) Ham truyén vong kin cia h¢ théng cé dang nhu céng thitc (7.48), véi cic gid tri cho nhw gia thiét ta duge: Ble) RK Kr) ag 3) PERU TON oSKI 8) ERR, 0K ,(20+5) S74 1557 +3545" + 11208 + 800K, + 800 = 40K ,2+300K, S74 35s) +3546? + 1120s-+500+800K, ‘Dap img dign ap cia may phat & trang thai tinh khi K,=5 1a: Ves Zim s¥(0) = je 2 ~ 0.8333, ‘han théy rang, dé giam sai sd tinh thi phai ting gid trj 45 Igi cia khéu khuyéch dai (tay nbién phai nim trong gisi han én dinh ciia hé thing). ‘bé VE dép img trong min thoi gian khi Ky=11 ching ta sir dung mét doan, chuong trinh Matlab nhur vi du 7.3 v6i cée gié tri can nhap la: KA=5; nume=KA*40*[1 20}; dene=(1 35 354 1120 800+800*KA] ‘két qua v8 duoc 6 thj dap ting nhur hinh 7.32. Hinh 7.22: Dép dag dign dp trong vi dy 7.6 164Chong. 7: Bidu Khién hé thing d) So dé mé phong trong Simulink duge thiét lap nhu hinh 7.33. inh 7.33 So a8 m6 phing cho vi dy 76 Két qua mé phéng dap img dign 4p ngo ra ciie may phat duge minh hoa nur hink 7:34. ink 734: Dip im dif fp phi ti két qua mé phéng 7.4.2. BG AVR cai tién ‘Trong vi du 7.6 ta thay t6c d dap img cua bo AVR sé rat chim khi he s6 d6 Ioi cia khéu khuyéch dai cdng Ion, Bic biét, khi gid tri dé lei nay 1én hon giéi hgn én dinh thi bg digu khién sé khéng héi ty. Didu ndy khéng thé chp nhan duge wong bé diéu khién may phat. Van dé nay dit ra yéu cu la 165chting ta phai ting téc d9 dn djnh cia bo diéu khién. C6 nhidu giai phép durge dura ra; chiang ta lan luge xem xét timg trig hgp cy thé. 7.42.1. Tao khau hdi tip cho bé kich tir ‘Trung hop nay di duge dé cp (1a bo én dinh) trong hinh 7.29. 6 dau ching ta ging thém khau hdi tiép tir ngé ra ciia b6 kich tir vé gié tri din Ap at ban dau, Khéu hdi tiép nay 06 vai tré nhur bg dn dinh (stabilizer). Khi d6 80 48 khéi cia bj AVR duge minh hoa nhw hinh 7.35, Kinyéch doi ich May pt Ved/SV),| XK, Wall ke Mets] Ke Ys) Ter Tere Tet . Ke (ts) Ke Ores) Bo ng Hin 7.35: So 43 tabi ctia bf AVR of Ichi hbi tip ‘Ham truyén dat vong kin trong trudng hop nay duge xéc dink nhur sau: hes +t s+ Wad EM as Ful) “xeaye Fe (vegs Fair, ° * Xsdrg ge le ras HT ss) 4 5) KyKiKcKeKs X(s) = (1+t45)(1-+t98)(1-+198)(1+435)(1 +458) Vi dy 7.7: Lam Iai céu d cia vi du 7.6 trong tring hop cé khau hai tiép voi 0.05 gify; Ke=1 a 166(Churomg 7: Dibu khién hé thing dign ‘Tu so dd hinh 7.35 ta xdy dyng so 43 mé phéng trong Matlab nhu hinh, 136. Hinh 7:36: Su a8 mé phing che vidy 7.7 Kt qua mé phéng nhv hinh 7.37. inh 7.37: Kétqua m phéng cho vidy 7.7 7.4.2.2. Tgo them khau PED cho b@ kich tir PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) la mt trong céc bé diéu khién duge sit dung kha phé bién hign nay. BO didu khién PID duge ding dé cai thign dap tmg d6ng, khtr sai s6 @ trang thai tinh. Ham truyén dat cia khién PID duge cho duéi dang: 167Yhuomg 7: Did Ka Gris) = Ket. +Kos (751) Khi d6 so 46 khéi cha bg AVR duge xy dyng nhurhinh 7.38, VAS) op adutnién n> ayo V(s) Vick x, Ko Ker tbe ys Tatas K, (+58) Doiaes Hinh 738: So d@ koi cia bf AVR véi kh PID Vi dy 7.8: Gili lai cu d trong vi dy 7.6 voi khiu PID duge néi tiép vao bé kich tir. voi Ky=1; Ki=0.3; Kp=0.35. inh 739: Sed und trong Simulink eda vt dy 7.8 Két qui mé phong nh hinh 7.40. Tir két qua cia ba vi dy 7.6; 7.7 va 7.8 ta nhn thay rang khi ding b6 diéu khién PID trong bé AVR thi chét lurgng cua 9 nay ting lén ding ké. Cy thé ld thdi gian dap ting nhanh, sai s6 6 wang thdi tinh nh6. Tuy nhién, moi van dé cin lua y 1a chdt lung cla mot bp didu 168(Chucomg,7: Bik Ktén he thing en Khién téng quit cén phu thudc vao ode théng sé duve cai dét bén trong n6. Vige xée dinh b6 cde théng s6 nay la tuong 4éi phitc tap. Tay thuge vio ting d6i tugng didu khién cy thé ma ching ta o6 thé ther nghigm dé tim ra bd thong, 36 toi wu. +4 nan ‘Hinh 7.40: Két qua m6 phéng ciia vi dy 7.8 7.43. AVR tich hop trong AGC ‘Trude day ching ta xem xét hai h théng diéu khién tin sé tai (LFC) va ty dong diéu chinh di¢n 4p (AVR) doc fp nhau Tuy nhién chung 1a cling thé xem xét két hop bG AVR va trong h§ théng AGC tuyén tinh, Xuét phat tir phuong trinh (7.33) ta nbn thay rang Iuong thay doi nhé cla céng suit thyc duge xic djnh bing tich 36 cia hé 36 céng sudt ding b§ hoa (P.) va 46 thay déi gée cong sudt AS. Néu ké dén sy thay ddi rat nho do dign ap thi cohiing ta 06 thé viét: AP(=P,A6+K,E 7.82) G day K,, 1a d6 thay ddi nhé céng suit dign do thay d4i nhé nhé cia site dign ding rotor, Va néu ta ké dén anh hudng nhé cia géc cOng sudi lén diga ép ‘ng6 ra cla may phat thi ~Ky AS Kye (7.53) day: Ky, la hé 80 thé hién sy thay ai nhé cia dién dp ngoai do sy thay doi rho clin gée eng suit 8; Ky li hg <6 thé hin ou thay déi nhd ota dign dp ngoai do sy thay d4i nh6 ca site dign dong stator khi géc cong suit la 18Chnromg 7: Didu Khién hg théng din 6. Cudi cing him truyén dat cite ti trrdmg may phat theo sy thay di cia géc ong suit va sire dién déng stator duge thiét lp nhur sau: B= FEW Kinds) (754) ‘Thong s6 trong cde phuong trinh trén phu thude vao théng s5 cia mang dign vé-digu kign vn hinh. Tuy nhiéa, 8 dim bao hé théng én djnh thi Kpe Ki va Ky, phai duong; Ky 68 thé dm, So dd hé théng t6ng hop cla he thong AGC két hop v6i b9 AVR cé thé duye minh hoa nh hinh 7.40 trong vi du 7.9. Vidu 7.9: M6t may phat dign cach ly voi cée thong s6 duge xée dinh nhw bang 7A. Tai thay déi 1% khi tin s6 thay d6i 1%: hé 56 P=1.5; he 96 K.=0.4; Kyo=0-1; Krp=1.2; K,=-0.1; Kj=5. Ding Simulink mé phing dé 06 duge 46 Igch tin s6 va dép ting dign ap ngoai khi tai thay d6i 0.15pu. “Hang sO thai gian Bing 71: Things6 cho vidy79 ‘So dé m6 phéng trong Matlab dupe thiét lap nhur hinh 7.41. 170Chae: Did Khén hi thd din f: Hinh 7.41: So db mé phéng cho vidu 7.9 Két qui mé phéng nhw hinh 7.42. ‘Hinh 7.42: Két qua mé phéng eiia vidy 7.9 7.5. Bai tip Bai t§p 7.1: Mét may phét nim trong mét hé théng d6c Ip 06 hing 36 turbine 1=0.5, hing sé thdi gian cia b§ diéu téc 1,=0.1, hang s6 quan tinh cia may phat H=S(s). Lugng diéu chiah tc 9 cae b§ diéu téc R tinh trong hé don vi tuong déi. Tan s6 thay d6i 1% tong img voi tai thay adi 08% 17‘Chaeomg, 7: Did Rhién thing dit a) Ding tigu chudn Routh-Hurwitz, hay tim khoing thay dBi cua R d& digu khign én inh hé thong. b) Gia thiét R duge cai dat voi gia trj 0.05pu; turbine 06 céng suit dinh mic 400MW 4 tan sé binh thuimg la 50Hz. Tai thay déi véi bude AP,=0.15pu. Tim 46 lgch tin sé 6 trang thai tinh; sit dung Matlab dat +. duge thing sé trong mign thoi gian va dap img a9 Igch tn 36. c) Sirdyng Matlab 4é ma phéng két qua 6 cu c. Bai t@p 7.2: MOt méy phat cOng sudt djnh mire 200 MW, tan s6 50 Hz. BO én dinh téc d6 (hé 86 46 déc diéu chinh téc 46) R=5%. Khi tn s6 giam xuéng 49.5 thi lugng céng suét ting ién cba turbine mAy phat a bao nhiéu. Bai t@p 7.3: Hai may phat c6ng suat djnh muc 200 MW va 400 MW, tan 36 90 Hz. D6 én dinh téc 46 (hé 86 46 déc diéu chinh téc 46) tong img la %; Ro=5.5% khi céng suat phat tir khéng tai din day tai. Hai may phét cing phét vao mét tai c6 céng sudt 500 MW. Xéc djnh lugng céng sudt thay déi ca mdi 6 may khi cong suit tai giém 100 MW. Bai tp 7.4: Hai may phat c6ng svt diah mite 400 MW va 800 MW cing cung ep cho mt khu vye cdch ly tan sé 50 Hz. D6 én dinh téc dé (he <5 46 déc diéu chink tbe 9) tong émg 14 Ry=5%; R,=6% khi cong sudt phat tir khéng tai dén day tai. Hai may phat cing phét vio mét tii e6 céng suit 700 MW. May phat mét chju tai 200 MW, may phat hai S00 MW déu & tn 86 dinh mite. Khi tai ting 150 MW. a) Xe dinh d6 léch tin sé & trang thai tinh va lugng céng sudt phat méi ctia mdi t8 may. Gia thiét khéng cé sy thay déi tin sé phy thuge vio tai (K=0). >) Khi thi thay 481 0.8% ung véi sy they ddi tin sé 1a 1%. Xéc dinh 43 lgch tin sé & trang thai nh va lugng cOng suét phat méi cia moi may. Bai tap 7.5: Mt hé théng tin sé SOHz hai khu vye duge lign két véi nhau ‘bing dudmg day véi cdc thong sé cda mdi vung nhu sau: 172‘cong, 7: Didu Khién hé thing din 331000 MVA; Ky=0.5; Ri=0.05; Hi=5; t%0.2(s); t1"0.25(8) Viing 2: $3=1000 MYA; K2=0.75; Ry=0.06; H-6; t-0.4(s); te2°0.5(s) Cée may phat vin hanh song song & ché 49 binh thudmg véi tin sé dink mite SOHz; 46 thay 48i tai & ving I 18 AP,)~200 MW; chgn céng suit co ban cla toan hg théng la 1000 MVA. “a) Xée dinh tin 66 6 trang thdi én dinh tinh moi b) Xée dinh 46 thay d6i céng suit co ciia mi t6 méy. c) Tim 49 Iéch cong suat truyén gitta hai ving Vang 1: ip 7.6: Chimg minh lai cng thire (7.39) va (7.40) khi e6ng sudt tai ving 2 thay 48i mét Iugng APL. Bai t§p 7.8: Ching minh Iai cong thite (7.39) va (7.40) khi cng sudt tai ca hai ving 1 v2 thay d6i mot rong tuong img 18 AP, va AP 2. Bai t@p 7.9: MOt bé AVR cé cdc théng 86 cho nhu trong so dé hinh 7.30; vai cde thong s6 duge cho nhu sau: Ke=Ko-Ke1; 1470.2; 1570.25; 1915 7570.04, a) Tim Ka dé dé hé théng diéu khién én dinh. b) Cho Ka=5; hay tim dip mg @ trang thai tinh; vé dd thi minh hoa trong, matlab. Bai tp 7.10: X4y dmg ham truyén dat véng kin cho so 46 khéi hinh 7.38. Ap dung khi cdc théng sé cho nhu vi dy 7.8. Bai tp 7.11: Lam Iai bai 7.9 khi Ks=1; 10. Bai tp 7.12: Tim dang tu’mg minh trong céng thite (7.50) véi cde gid thiét cho trong vi dy 7.7. ‘Bai tgp 7.13: Cho so 66 khdi cla bg AVR don gian nh hinh 7.43. 1Binh 7.43: So db khdi eda bo AVR cho bai tip 7.10 a) Tim ham truyén dat vong kin b) Ap dung vi K,=40; 4970.05; Ky=1} 120.5; Kg~0.8; to71. Bai tip 7.14: Cho so d6 khéi cua b§ AVR don gian nhw hinh 7.44. ‘Khayéch dai Kich tir Wy May phét Vets} /S 49, Ks acyl Xe Wes] Ko |_ voy re pele Be | Minh 7.44: So a3 kndt eta bp AVR trong bal t§p 7.11 a) Tim ham truyén det vong kin b) Ap dung vi Ky=40; 1470.05; Kel; 26-0.5; Kon0.85 tol; K-0.15 170.05 174Phu Chwcong trink Matlab PHY LUC CHUONG TRINH MATLAB 1.1. Chirong trinh Matlab cho chuong 1 [Giisptertext) 4 CAUONG TRINH INH CAC THA SO TRONG OGONS CONG CHI PH lear a2) ‘BEP=[60 10 80 90 100]; Disa; B2eD1; DIOL; D4eDiy CPDL; C3-D1; rpemex (3120 (9071) meC=[1006 1071.5 1144 1227.5 129217 obesumimce)s Checum ie for kelin anLemee (ey *meP(k) : baetema+b2; Eandame? (2) tae (b) "EPO D3etan2+0 ‘tanSemt2 (i) #mtP(k) *ut P(x) MP (k) ‘eamceme? (B) *mEC UR) ¢ wom (02 03 Dt DL D2 D3 hot Dali wah, Dre [ch €2 C31; on=or env (on) ¢Dr Be seA(3) sas beA(2) hhs_e=At1) Kein (8) °A, eligi) smimfon (1) "242% (2) 24363) “2H 1) (2) AZT) “SARL 20ex(3) #200 orxta)=Phu lve: Cheong tinh Matta [chapteriex3] selear ati: {Dang ma tran hessden Jandaz=is Yantai) AI=[2i2rlandat 0 0 2+2¥Jandal) eigun) H=[212*Landa? 0 0 242" lamda2} eigth2) 3 Giai Lap su dung phuong phap lap Newton au = 0; 3 Solan lap BE - 107 2 Bla ted-ead v0 git den lambda = input( ‘hap vae gia tri Woe Luong an dau cua Lambda fprinte(’\n epi rer: 3 Diambda — Lantda* tx yy while abs(De) >=" 0.0001 8 Siem era aiau chen sais als elt i: stang so Lan Lip x = O*enbda/itanbaa + 2) Y= 6*Lanbes/ Lanbas 3) BE © tx 8)42 + (y ~ 6)°2 ~ 25) § 30 gia -sai so cus eolta # J ~ ~290/(tambda + 172) Dao ham cap 2 thep lamas Delenbda =-DE/7: 8 Tisch doles Landa Sisp({s12, Df, J, Velanbda, tanbda, x, yl Tenbda = Lasbie ! Delanbda! 2 cap phat Lande end [chapteriex4) Mish ve min how cho vi du 1.3 weno: .01:2¢p47 2 8364 5 (cos iwt) + Stein (wi) xe0:.01:123 yae/e=x: yertd-2eer Plot(zeal(z),imag(z}, x, y. x 921, arid xlabel('xl'), ylabel ('*2") axis((9 , 14, 0, 14]}, axis (taquaxe') ast 2.361; Lambda =" rocts(a) X-(4*Lambia'4.3)./(1+tandde) yo(4*Lambdav2 4) / (sLandds) Fesgrt ik. *24¥."2) Mindi stenin(?) P12. Chwong trinh Matiab cho chong 2 [chapter2ext) oTPha Iwo: Chong tin Matlab UGiat tap dung phucng psp Mexton-Rapheos a 1550; 350; 250]; b= (6.5; 6.27 5.8) e(.003) 0647-608]; input ("Nhap vac ia tri woe Iuong cya Lenbéa = ve) tends PL 2 2 bet gra¢ = Delanbda‘]) all = 07 waite abs(neie) >= 0.002 piesi+ P= (lambda ~ b)./127e); Del? =2D ~ sun(F)7 J = sun ones(lengen ier, 19. /(24e1)7 Tong gradian Delanhda ~ Delb/: 8 Doi bien disp((Lanbea, P(2), P(2), P(3), DelP, 2, Delambds}) Janbda = lenbda + Delanbdas Scop ahat lenbda ane Sion ve minh hoa cho vi du 2.2 axis( [0 450. 6.5 10.5)) Pi=250:10:490; 2 = 150:10:9907 PY iis 6.5 + 0.906801; 1C2= 6.2 + 0.90822; 1C3= 518 + Ol016*23; ex = 071002409; plor(eL, TCL, 22, 162, PS, 103, Px, tarhdatenae (1, length (Pe) |, ‘-m") wlades (2, ui), ylabel("”$/tith’), grie [Chapterzex2) clesr al © = 1400 6.5 0.004 450 7-0.008 630.7.2'0.2081; aiothancse (360.450 250 400, 150 300); Tamhdae8: D 2.019515 esceban + 100; lastaa-8? shoudekinnte asPho Iuo: Chong tink Matlab tongeniphimayphat [chapter2ext) 6 atoinancr [35 15 95 se 10 801; B= (0.0218 0.0093 0.0024 (0.0093 0.0228 ¢.0017 0.0¢28 9.0017 6.0175) 0 = (9.0003 0.0031 G.001917 00 ~ 9. 000305237 basenva = 100; Jarhdae8; Sheudokirnee fongehiphimayehat [Chaptex2ex5] cheer Basenva - 100; accuracy ~ 0.0001; axiter ~ 10; : Bus tus Bien ap Goo =: “f---- Bom van : Trou (aor Mi Mraz Onin hax Mar buscataetl 21.08 Os. o 0 10 08 2 2 Lots 9:0 sox 30 50 3 2 103 910 3010 1 48 4 a 109 90 oo 9 0 3 3 0 Loo 90 eo 0 9 OF 2 0,02 0,06 9.030 3 1 3 0108 0.24 910281 2 3 0105 oa 01020 © 1 2 4 0106 08 01020 1 2 5 Got 022 los i 3 4 oor 0.03 aio 1 45 Glos 024 01025 als ehanh2apma pharbocorgsiat Bienthi_ ketqua P13. Chuong trinh Matlab cho chirong 3 [Chapterdext) ehear 13; €o'= 5617.92 0.00262 310 7.85 0.005125 53,6 9.348 0.c05784) eane(150 600, 17Phy luc: Chusomg trink Matlab 300 400 50 200), as1200;, tolumzeros (15,11 ket; chiphinzeres(1,717 while Pd > 190 Eppines(\ntOr WU 0 THUONG HOP THU: "ye Rg TsiET hep (1TH LeonnlON" displ es cote osothancs=tam!1.2) Prinegiothanes (%,1); Pmaxegicihancs( if (Bd < sum[Pmax})&(Pe >= sun(Pein) dieudorinheathus ‘tongchiphimayphat: ehiphi(ii*eumicosty) + Giep(eHONG THE KET NOI') ehiphi (2}=9998999999; end Caaptiosisecncocssrcaaesiaebaedienenay dispCTH 2 Stepan e- cor gtothancs~tam(2,:) Fnin-gioihancs(:, 1}; Pmax~gioihancs t:, 2); AP (pd <= sun|pmax]}e(Pe >= sum(emia) } Gleudokirheerhu: tongchiphirayphat ; chiphi (2i=sunicostyy + Gisp ("KHONG THE KE? NDIT) chiphi(2)~3998999999; disp (1TH 3-~ isp = 003,497 giothance-tam|3, Painegioshancs (+, 1}; emaxeglothance(:, 2) AP (ed <° sum |max))4(ee. >= suntemin)} Lambaa-i0s| Gleudokizhtetho: tongchiphimayphat chipni (S)=sumicosey) + Gisp(*KHONG THE Ker NOT") ehiphi(3)=9999999999; end iPhu tues Choco, irinh Mata y rit? e2660(2 9 giscaa(ly:i7 g2etamiz,s07 giothanes= ig 92; Pminegiothancs(:, 1); Pmax-gloshancs (:,2)+ Af (Ed Se sum(Pmax))4(ea >= sum(ease) ) dibtdokinhtetius tongchiphinayehat ; chiphi (¢)=sun(costy) : isp ("KHONG THE KET YO") chiphi (4) =9999999999, cad g1sp (TH 5 Gide geetea(3y 7 Siothence=(a1 92; Pain=giothanes(:, 1]; Pmax-gioihance(:, 2); Af (Bo < oun(Foan|)£(Pa >= sun{Pmin) ) Janbda107 Slesdokiahtethu; tongchiphinaypha cchiphi(5)-sum{costv : else disp ('RHONG THE KE? Nor) cchiphi (5}+9999999939; diaptaeee obsp ("TH 6 =220N~-30N"} : 5) e1=60 (2, +) e2m09(3, 112 cm ta eal: girtam(2,s); — g2etam(3, 207 Siothanee= (32 3212 Pain=giothancs(:,1); ®maxagicthance(:, 2) AE (bd <= sum(pmax})4(ea > sumiemin!) Lamtdani0s dlevdokinheethar tongehiphimayphat highs (6)=sumico: alae alsp(*KHONG THE KET NOI‘) caigni(6)=5999999999; ea ree Prerrpreremverersen disp('TH 7 ansp( == © aco: gicthaacoxtany a wy SON")Phy luo: Chuong trinh Matlab Prinegioshanes (#1); mmax-gioihancs (#4217 SE (P4 20 sum|Paax})£(2¢ > sum(Pain) lambda-20; dieudokinhtothu; ‘tongehiphimaypna ‘chiphi(?}~oum \cooty) + else $ep("RHoNG THE KET NDI") ehipni (7;=3999999999; = basrt-so keokeal totus (kein johtphy: end P14. Chirong trink Matlab cho chirong 7 [cnaptortext) disp (Vi da 7.1 (b) Qui dao ngniem so - roct~locus!} pam = 3.1257 Gon = (112.6 26.25 2.5): figore (2), Fiecusinun, den) eksp('Vi dy 7.1 (c) ap ung do Lech tan 50°) Yeete= VE DAP UNG CUA DO LECH TAN SO = UI DO 7.1 FL 0.25 ime =" (0.125 1.5695 _9,325)2 dene = [112.6 26.25 80.€2517 ben 0501:207 5 Flestep (sume, dency ci Figura(2}, pleeir, a), ord xlabel('t, gicy'), ylabel ("pu") tle (‘Dep ong cus do lech tan so") 81000; £0050; Poi=400/se; P02=200/38; RI 52/209°0.0 2 ~ 93/409+0.05; Det» 80/sB2 disp('(a) K = 0") De = ~DPL/ (1/81+1/%2) e1~-Dw/R? De2*-D4/F2 PL=(P01+TP1) * sum(Puasd Error] = ("Tong cong suat nhu cau Lon hon tong ceng svat pas ‘boi glai Khong kha thi.Giam cS nnu cau hoas thay doi giei han eS phat. ts disp(érrori), return elsext Pd < gum (Pain) Error? ~ [Tong cong gust nhy cau ah bon tong cong suat min cua cae may phat "hol giat kiong khe thi.Tang OS nhu cau hoac thay dot gio han cs phat.) disp(Ervord), return else, end sll * 0; Dele = 3 AF exist |"Lanbdn') “21 Lambda-max (5); end, while abs (Del: alls all +. for kelingg Af wot (k) = a Bik) = (0) laubaa + Baqi) Dxtki = 1/281 = BOGe)~ tx) /Lambds) > else, E(k) kel; De(k) = 07 for hel p= 0.01 § sit < 200 ae Blin) =02 else, ent ena end PeeE\DR' for kel:ngg AE wgt thle Poati) = PPI) Pytt = suntPgg)s Phebgg*BarPgg "Borys "+bO00; DelP =?deeL eget 8 fork = iengg AE Pyg(k) > Pmax(k) © abe(oelz) <=0.001, P9gik) = Pease? ugt ik) ~ 07 elseif Fag (ke) < Pmin(k) & abs{OelF) <= 0.001 Pagik) = Prin (k); wgtik) = 07 else, ond and PLePyg*Bu‘ Pag "+BO+Pyq "+8003; Del =?d +PL ~ sun(ege) s enc (grad (ik) «(6 k) * (280 (ky | +B, *b(H)— 2-6 (4) BP] 2" (6 Ge) rLambdaBU ky) 72) en sungradengt grad"; Delanbea = bel? /stmerad; 4 sePhos Ive: Chneeng tinh Matlab Ydiepi (all, dorbda, F99(1), F9s(2)) Pygl3)y Phy DelF]) Lonbda = Lambda + Delanbde a ens Eprintr(*Suat tang chi phi cua cac ta may (systen lambda) = 49.68 §/Mih \nty Lamda) Eprint£(*Died do toi uu CE cae to mays\a\nt disp (?gg") EpEAnte(*Totai systen lose ~ 4g MW \p\n"y PL) 8 THaK You [Chuong trinh tinh chi phi may phat ] Lf oxist(’P9g')-=1 Pagrinpes ('tnap wap tung else, end EE exast(*C") oad 6 ~ fepue (whee vas aa oes else, end fag = Length(c(:,1))7 emt = (ones{tingg}s 2997 Fag.“2iy for b= Leng costvi) = Cli, :) Pmt: 1) fprintf ("\nfong chi pai may phat = 4 10.26 S/h \nt, totalcost) a TAaNK. 100 99°07 1/2asenva* (Pd-J*Qd) ./eonj[¥); new YO oumiz)? Snow for kel nbus Lew (kb== 0 The) = cong tsi) roomy von) 8 alee, nggenageis T(k)=07 eas else, nggeneg:; ond LE kbikje=t Agek? lee, end ena Ube sum ith el-t/10; Bbesuatd hgroy a= if kb(~ eg-kards ecg) = dbas(zs,e) ipo; new ele, inka dd #4) /105 ‘end TS szbus (ks,:)); SnowPhy lye: Chuzomg trink Matiab one Penbaa aged Clewzeres abus, nog) qn; for ke inbus SE Mik) 0 gekat? for a-Lingg Sf kim) -=0 ccaghy kaa else, end ead ess, end end Cleg=aye ings.nga): Clbezeres (299, 1): Ehe[Cig,cond fll) "17 cagp-(Cigg ell: (Grd=icips—et 1) 2={c2gp, cad]; crenrces hg-0r for keLnibas if kbik}==0 tgekg-ts a2 peg) =(2-i* {(O9Ce +0=h(h) } 729100) }/oosd VOY nsw sleesend fend Slpeiat, -V (ks) /zbus(ks, 9) 17 for Je linggt for wel inggtd if em alph is kimalp (ki? Slee, alph (ken) -Dsend lends end ‘T= alpy*con) (C) "*res} (2bus} "cons (C} toon} (2ph) BB+0.5" (T4083 (7) for ketingg for m=l:ngo Bik m)=B8 (em) 7 end BOCK) -2¢BDiagerdy ki y BOD~ER inggr1, nage): B, Bo, 800, EL, = Pgg> (p/basenva) “Pog"1B0* Puy '*Dd0"bascrvar Epcintflfong eon that cos he thong = ig M@ Vn", PL) clear IBS CCl C10 Clg Clgg CZ C2g0 cnD DD 1D T ab ko ke nd 79 alp alph t1 ddl xa [Chuong trinh xc djnh tham sé trong duéng cong chi phi] ‘ chvons TRINH MAC DINE CAC THAN SO TRONS DUONG CONG CHT PHT clear alls fise(450 7.9 9.00817 P=t120 146 160 180 2001) nema (size(P))2 cezerostn); ect) for kelen Chk HS (1) 4HS 12) PC) 48S (3) #10 #2 end. 186Phu luo: Chaeong trinh Matlab [Chuong trinh xe djnh ma trén Y] Seegee (ot) f= eget (-1) AL © Linedata(:,1); ne = Linedata(:,2); B= Linedata(:, 3) rh); Be = grLinedata(!, 5}; a = linedatal!, 61 br-Length(2ingdata(:, 1)); nous ~ max (eax (nl), maine!) 7 Pye ones (be, i) -/2) + Lf a(n) <= 0 ain) = 1) else end Yousszerosinbusynbus}y for kelsnbry bus (nl (k) pne (40) “bus nl Ce} ee) -y 0) 2097 bus (ne (£) nl (k) }=tbus (a (ke), mE) 7 end for nelinbus for keiinbe ie s(n) Youe(nyn) = Yoos{nsn)sy(k) /¢a0k)°2) + Beth): elseif nr(k}=en Yous(ayn) = Yeasinyn)+y(k) #B6(K) s ond Slear Pog [Chuong tsinh PBCS bing giai thugt N-R] [Ghuong trinh PBCS viet bang giei thuat Newton-Rephecn] clear TCS? TTT xICs7 stl A st2 ten tte st2khl Si st2kh2 sté strT Glear stdp stad ataet stdbd Tehuc ATO NEU OT Coax yy ze Jk Ui PK Ficefopen(‘ahontim. txt" y°6")2 Anfacant (tid, sa tg fq 89 44", 15 inf) felose(fid) Beaty Nomen tA(2 12997 tmneroa (3): Bat rae; Beat se in): BROER(L}; for keli3R BANG 1) ACK, 2D) AK, 9) TEA ZU, 2) AU} = ZUR, 1) Ae, 212 BIA, 1) AU) 21) 154A) ky 5) BUAUK)2),A0E,1})= BERG, A), ACk 2097 eng. Seb104 Jeb=220; B=2*100/220"25 for Ietst if kad BP (ky 1)-=0 CRG )=E Oey) 43:0 M244220-2/200°8 (8, 1 ond ena end cyPh bee Chri rin Matboly for kel:tet for lnkeLstl LE Zk, 1)-=0 Yep 2-2 (ky Lar wu derce dy end end seen goocbion do- Geangleiy) S¥-aba (1)? ssttegat tho_cat, string"): sstt=sett (gat (nd_cot, "value" ), sectedeblant eat} Eialefopen (este, "3": Setscont (Eidl, ‘bg tg $g',[3 intl}; Felese( tial) + 22ezeros Nal}: P3072 (2,11 re; Bacenes (8-2) 1 SSCEACESU 1); SSCST=SSCSA; SSBD=P3; Benzeres (Not)) for ket 38-1 PB(S(k,3),2)-8(4, 2) B15, 1), 1) 4,317 PB=EB/200; 2=08/200; Uieeeros Ns weet Ct) wba (s/s lebewsitbas (0, "Pleas Wale 2s!) he coutines Svatlejel<2) Whi Le (/S828420..001)¢(ssceT50.001)) Ple22 (2,1) P2et onset; one Biszeros (N-1} ; sued; met; w22=21; SEPhu luo: Cheong, wins Matlab PL (k-1) BU }2) *BY (ke, 1) 494m (GU(R)~GU (1) =6 (3) 2 ACCT)» (ROL) JOUED (HD) RD) 1H BLREDIE TA (LL Cee} ) BUD #1 (eed), UT)? Mor 1=1:N-2 race SLE (yA) =BO GHEY +B GLI) “BY (CED) {14999 dN EGU (eed) “GULLY ected cats: end end P2 (en1) BU (1) #BY (kL) 409 (G0 |) -GD(1) -6 (19) SLD (ee D)y hk) Ii? (kD) (RAL) )+P2(K-1) 111) 1012 (6-13) 42480 0) #BY teed Meo OLED S12 (K, 1)=BO (+2) #BY ((ie41) (141) Hoos ke} GU (L+L} = GecKeI) LAL) end for lel: LE leek (1 (£1) 980 (2) +BY (ky 1) #c08 (60.e) -GUE) ~GUk, 197 21 Gee T) yee) 9224 (RD) GOL) 110A end 924 ((he1), (ke) BO} e)*T22 (CL), (RD seth, 1 cece aannins BO (ke) *BU [L11) “BY{ (hel y (141) )*c0s (GO(Re2)-GUCA42)~ (02 (ke12=80 (1) +BY Ck, 1) #93 (6th Ok) ~GtC | -Gte, 1) T2B| KeT), (he1) S24 (eL) VkA1)) 402 (eL) end ven 522 (kot), (he2}} 922 ( (en), (203}) 424BU ER) HBY (ey bY Hed ‘end For kel:N-L etek 1Pho Tee: Chwong trink Matlab ‘for Letina ae teat 522.4, 1) -BU (KEL) *BY (RAL), (Le) 840 (GO (REL) =U (LI) Gc(een), La) ond end 99*(a14 3121; 5-023 322); ssket thuc viee tinh mt jacobs Pe2(s 1); or) C57e22 (2,1) cskecst; for kel:N-L for lei PU) SAY (Cke1) 2) "BU (e+) #30 (1) to0e (64 (it2) -9U)2)-6) (KEE 32 (k) “CSF Uk) +P (eh 2 (0 ¢k)=BY (CeeT) 1) *B0 (1) *Buck#) in (00 (ket (CSR X) =CSH (| +9) 7 ‘tinh cong suat cag mut~gial Lap etd SUL) 3411), 2) end for ketind BQE(K)#PB (xr |-C8T (.e)7 ORG) =08 (441) -C8KIE) 7 ead, cSetKory OKI seReine (3) 108) for keine (GU(K I) -GO(%+1) #884 (4) S8eDesSn(N: (240-2), 2) 7 for ke1v-1 BU(k#1) *BY(k+2) +SSBD(K) S8C8Tomas (abe (KOt)) waiter (4/50, ¥b) pause (0001) end hoes 1-als10, slissiiel close (ub) tinh cong suat aur chuan ostnc= csanc-9; for Tet B(2)-BY(2, 1)4B0(2) +801) #e08 (G01) ~GULL)-6t1,2)) 5 cstticacsTitce? (1) 7 (2) ay (11) BULL) +BO Aa) *SAN(GU G1) ~CU LL) B42, 1097 esaneneaaneeg tt); ene LaPh tees Charon trink Matlab CSANCMCSANC*100 tinh dong trea cac nhanh-tees: LTR)=BICR) *cos(GUCK) ) rL3*BUCR) FekmEGUC YZ ‘TiestP- for BR BAGH) =91 (AG) 407+ (9281/5) 7 TERGR YL) VALE, 27" (ou iate, 3) y= (AG 21) (1) 2k, 2))* C4 3) VAC, 1) AU 29) (OU(Ae, 24 )-01 (A025) Be (R03 (ak, 29) F00n) 11K 3. (h) 02 (RUE, 2} ) tend (TU) 'SL(k)=3k (ke) +84 (k) 2 1 “tao fa pal de saat ra man binne ‘Trestesum (su) + sirettscby pol=veneai; ‘Gu=G0" 80/4 ‘Treste-TTCsTP+Scby Eebue-Ti+Beb/(Uebmsgrt (3717 3 49 va chioi hian thi ket que tetemiaks {UL(2,1))) stemun2st (BOL); for elit sf e190 sei(eH=CO)* auazstr(ey 61s elseif kelo0 St (E,)=1°UT" nunzstr th) stk :)@CUL" numete(kd 1) Ie end for kein stQkhL (ky 2)*C' on ee ay end for kel aR st2kh3 (iy #]=17 Uh se2knd (i :)50"1 0 end) st2esnanzste (ob) + st2-nunzst (BU) for kelin Bo st3(ke=[UC! mumaserte) the Belge if ke100 BSCStk VALUE mumzstetkl de SUSestesveU UE mummerecks Ne ‘bienda (pu) -gocpha (da sctroad (Ine tst!, Vea", Ndeliimi ter ttnechar (teal: stze(stl ttn st2 st2thl st2g st2kh2}; _—_ TT TI pace!) ")Phu luo: Chucmg trink Matlab se1s(ati tea st stzehi 9t2g se2eh2ly t2-eput i tetee2-tiy egtinhenun2ete (gt) sllapenuncetz ell) etestontread ‘Et. est', Hot, "dolimitac!, "Qnty twhitospacety 117 terechar iter); sttte (nundstz SL) ) settelter stety: eegbenunzate (aba (Tehue) 17 sedntenun2str aba (21117 yyrangle Tenuc) *180/pL; Stapenunzetr (sy) Stade [ter atde ot2th? etdp at2hhAly StITD-nunzete |TTCST?} 2 stddte(tte stdbt st2kh3 stdp se2kh4): ‘ui=220"80, BOLmserse (NL): ‘BUI (1:33) -BC(1:23) +220; BUI (14:92)=B9 (14:32)110; ol (832133) =80(93:113) 7667 Bun (124;M)eB9 (22428) 019-87 fiddefopen("at3a. exe" 124} Dimtscant(tid3, "ig 4a", (2 nfl); relese(esa3) 7 cron; for kelin NT3D(D2 (ky 2) DT (ky 2) 1901 (k) 2 Moi chi tiét gdp phii khi sir dung cdo doan churong trinh trén xin lién lién hé true ‘tip v6i tée gid cia tai liéu nay. Xin chan thanh cam on. TH0). Qh Bl. (4). (5). Is). m. [3]. Dl, (19). uu. U2} (13h, (4) TAL LIEU THAM KHAO ‘Hé Van Hién, H@ thong dign — truyén tai va phan phéi, nxb Dai hoc Quéc gia Tp.HCM, 2003, ‘Trin Quang Khanh, Van hanh He théng dign, nxb KHKT Ha Noi, 2006. Nhat ky van hanh nha may Nhiét dién Thi Dic, Phie trinh trudng ca nha méy Thay dién Théc Mo. Qui tinh van han turbin khi Ba Ria - Nha may Dign Ba Ria Qui trinh vén hanh may bién ép, Cty truyén tai dign 4 Allen J. Wood Bruce F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, operation and Control. John I. Grainger, Wi McGraw-Hill, 1994 D. Stevenson, Power system analysis, nxb Peter W. Sauel, Power system Dynamics and Stability, MeGraw-1iill, 1998. Hadi Sadat, Power system analysis, WCB/McGraw Hill, 1999. John J. Grainger, W.D. Stevenson, Power system analysis, Me Graw- Hill, 1994, Prabha Kundur, Power system stability and control, McGraw-Hill, 1994. Leonard L. Grigsby, Power Systems, Taylor Francis Group, 2006 Fabio Saccomanno, Electric Power Systems — Analysis and Control, IEEE Press Series, 2003 13