CASE DISCUSSIONS: SEXUAL HARASSMENT

Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other
verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when either:

 The conduct is made as a term or condition of an individual's employment, education, living

environment or participation in a University community.

 The acceptance or refusal of such conduct is used as the basis or a factor in decisions affecting
an individual's employment, education, living environment, or participation in a University
community.

 The conduct unreasonably impacts an individual's employment or academic performance or

creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment for that individual's employment,
education, living environment, or participation in a University community.

CASE DISCUSSION: LABOR UNIONS

Trade or Labor unions in the Philippines are organizations sanctioned by Labor Code of the
Philippines as an acknowledgment of Filipino workers' freedom to self-organize. Trade unions aim
to promote enlightenment among Filipino workers concerning their wages, hour of work, and other
legal rights.

They aim to raise awareness on their obligations as union members and employees, as well.
Moreover, they serve as legitimate entities that negotiate with employers in policy-making with
regard to terms and conditions of employment. These negotiations formally take place in the
process of Collective Bargaining Agreement.

Trade unions are granted with a right to go on a strike, a temporary stoppage of work by the
employees when there is a labor dispute. Labor disputes are defined as situation when there are
controversies surrounding negotiations and arranging of the terms and condition of employment.
The union, however, must file a notice of strike or the employer must file a notice of lockout with
the Ministry. But when a strike or lockout is deemed to compromise national interests or interests
of the Filipino public (for instance, the case of health workers), the Secretary of Labor and
Employment has the authority to prohibit it and deliberately enforce resumption of regular
operations.
CASE DISCUSSIONS: THE PROBLEM OF JUSTICE WAGE

A wage is monetary compensation or remuneration, personnel expenses, labor paid by

an employer to an employee in exchange for work done. Payment may be calculated as a fixed
amount for each task completed (a task wage or piece rate), or at an hourly or daily rate , or
based on an easily measured quantity of work done.

Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business.

Payment by wage contrasts with salaried work, in which the employer pays an arranged amount
at steady intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked,
with commission which conditions pay on individual performance, and with compensation based
on the performance of the company as a whole. Waged employees may also receive tips
or gratuity paid directly by clients and employee benefits which are non-monetary forms of
compensation. Since wage labour is the predominant form of work, the term "wage" sometimes
refers to all forms (or all monetary forms) of employee compensation.

SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND SEXISM

Sexual harassment at work is defined as “unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual
favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitly affects
an individual’s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance, or
creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.”
Sexism is more than personal prejudice. It involves carrying into effect one’s prejudices,
resulting in discrimination, inequity and/or exclusion. Sexism is understood as the negative
valuing and discriminatory treatment of individuals and groups on the basis of their sex.
Sexual harassment and discrimination are illegal and endanger the environment of civility and
mutual respect that must prevail if the University is to fulfill its mission. Toward this end, all
members of the University community must understand that sexual harassment, sexual
discrimination and sexual exploitation of professional relationships violate the University’s
policy and will not be tolerated. The University will take every step to resolve grievances
promptly. Any act of reprisal, interference, or any committed to other form of retaliation,
whether direct or indirect, against an individual for raising concerns covered by this policy are
also violations of this policy and are prohibited.
MORALITY OF ADVERTISING
Morality is defined as the principle concerning the distinction between right and wrong and good
or bad behaviour; or a particular system of values and principles of conduct, especially one held
by a specific person or society; or the extent to which an action is right or wrong [source: Google
dictionary]
Advertising is defined as the activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial
production services [source: Google dictionary]

Thus, the morality of advertising is a systematic gauge concerned with deciding whether an act
of advertising being made is right (acceptable) or wrong (unacceptable).

WORKPLACE ROMANCE

Workplace romance exists when two members of the same organization develop
a relationship with mutual attraction. Intermingling within the workplace may cause damages
to morale and productivity in the workplace. Along with this, businesses and companies are still
confused at whether or not they should interfere in the romantic relationship. If they do choose to
interfere, what department should be in control of handling the situation and what policies should
be set if workplace romances do happen. If there are not policies, should there be set guidelines?
These are still questions that many companies are trying to answer.

When in a workplace people grow bonds with their co-workers that go beyond just friendly
'lunch' meetings. They grow in-depth relationships that deepen into romance. A place where
people share a common interest, and spend most of their time, provides the perfect opportunity
for love. While love can make one do crazy things, it is important to keep a clear mind and
realize the pros and cons to developing a relationship with a co-worker.

An added complication is that one or both partners involved in a workplace romance may be
married or in a relationship outside of the workplace. Co-workers aware of an adulterous
workplace relationship may become uncomfortable, viewing themselves as party to the deceit.

CASE DISCUSSIONS: LAWS ABOUT SEXUAL HARRASMENT

Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates the Title VII of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964. The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits
employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin,
and religion.

Sexual harassment is bullying or coercion of a sexual nature and the unwelcome or inappropriate
promise of rewards in exchange for sexual favors .Sexual harassment includes a range of actions
from mild transgressions to sexual abuse or assault. Harassment can occur in many different
social settings such as the workplace, the home, school, churches, etc. Harassers or victims may
be of either gender.

In most modern legal contexts, sexual harassment is illegal. Laws surrounding sexual harassment
generally do not prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or minor isolated incidents—that is
due to the fact that they do not impose a "general civility code". In the workplace, harassment
may be considered illegal when it is frequent or severe thereby creating a hostile or offensive
work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim's
demotion, firing or quitting). The legal and social understanding of sexual harassment, however,
varies by culture.

Sexual harassment by an employer is a form of illegal employment discrimination. For many

businesses or organizations, preventing sexual harassment and defending employees from sexual
harassment charges have become key goals of legal decision-making.

WHISTLE BLOWING

Whistle-blowing is generally considered from the viewpoint of professional morality.

Morality rejects the idea of choice and the interests of the professional as immoral. Yet
the dreadful retaliations against the messengers of the truth make it necessary for morality to
leave a way out of whistle-blowing.

INSIDER TRADING
Insider trading is the buying or selling of a security by someone who has access to material
non-public information about the security. It can be illegal or legal depending on when
the insider makes the trade. It is illegal when the material information is still non-public.01
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: USE OF TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production
of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation.
Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in
machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings.

The use of technology is unmeasurable; technology has played a big role in many other fields like
health care, Job Creation, and Data management. And this technology will keep on changing based
on the demands of people and the market. So it’s your role to keep your self-up-to-date with
trending technology. [source: Google dictionary]
MORAL OBLIGATION OF BUSINESS TO ENVIRONMENT
Moral obligation is an obligation arising out of considerations of right and wrong. It is an
obligation arising from ethical motives, or a mere conscientious duty, unconnected with any
legal obligation, perfect or imperfect, or with the receipt of benefit by the promisor of a material
or pecuniary nature.
MULTI LEVEL OF MARKETING

Multi-level marketing (MLM) also called pyramid selling, network marketing, and referral
marketing, is a controversial marketing strategy for the sale of products and services. Revenue of
the MLM company is derived from a non-salaried workforce (also called participants , and
variously known as “salespeople”, “distributors”, “consultants”, “promoters”, “independent
business owners”, etc.) selling the company’s products or services while the earnings of the
participants is derived from a pyramid-shaped commission system.

Although each MLM company has its own specific “compensation plan” for the respective
participants, the common feature of the MLMs is that the compensation plans are theoretically
paid out to two potential revenue streams. The first stream of compensation can be paid by the
participants directly to their own retail customers. The second stream of compensation may be paid
by the participants who have recruited those other participants in the MLM; in the organizational
hierarchy of MLMs, these participants are referred to as “down line” distributors. ( Suchen
December 15, 2017)

WORK AND CREATION OF SPIRITUAL VALUES IN WORKPLACE

'What do you do?' is one of the first questions adults ask each other when they meet for the first
time. Work is an integral part of adult identity (Brown & Lent 2013:3). Work is also woven
through with all aspects of development. Intellectual, physical, psychological, social and emotional
factors have an influence on work and, likewise, work may have an influence on every other area
of adult life.

Spirituality in the workplace is about individuals and organisations seeing work as a spiritual
path, as an opportunity to grow and to contribute to society in a meaningful way. It is about
care, compassion and support of others; about integrity and people being true to themselves and
others.

Your work values are the subset of your beliefs and ideas that are related to your occupation or
job. These core principles are an important part of who you are. They include things like honesty,
service, self-respect, respect for others, peace, and success
TRADITIONAL ATTITUDE OF BUSINESS TOWARD ENVIRONMENT

Businesses have traditionally shown egregious indifference towards the environment.

Environmental protection was rarely seen as an issue. A company would harm the environment to
whatever extent was profitable, and they often harmed the environment despite the fact that it was
unwarranted to do so. Shaw discusses the attitudes of businesses that lead to unwarranted
environmental damage. In particular, people saw the “natural world as a ‘free and unlimited good’”
(398). People at one point thought that the world’s resources could be taken without end and
without any morally significant harm done. Pollution could damage the environment, but the
damage done was considered to be insignificant because the world was seen as such a large place.

WORK AND HUMAN PERSPECTIVE OF WORK

In contrast with the predominately objective approaches to learning summarized in the
previous three sections, some theorists have approached learning from a very human point of
view. This view is based on the perspective that human beings act with intentionality and are
guided by values. According to this view, learning is promoted by understanding the whole
person (the learner as a thinking, feeling agent in his own learning), his motives (the reasons for
which he may or may not engage with learning), and his goals (or intentions).
The humanistic perspective is an approach to psychology that emphasizes empathy and
stresses the good in human behavior. In politics and social theory, this approach calls for human
rights and equality. In counseling and therapy, this approach allows a psychologist to focus on
ways to help improve an individual's self-image or self-actualization - the things that make them
feel worthwhile.
DIMENSION OF ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM
Treating nature in such a way that all people can live in a clean environment. Ecology is the
dimension, in which most attention is given to political discussions. The central problem area of
ecological sustainability is climate change, which designates global warming of the Earth
triggered by man. Sustainability in relation to ecology means treating nature in such a way that a
sound (clean) environment is safeguarded for all people on Earth.
SOCIAL METABOLISM
Starting point of assessment of ecological sustainability is the so-called social metabolism, which
understands the Earth as a limited system of a materially closed global eco-system.
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
The most-known indicator of consumption of natural resources is the so-called ecological
footprint. It quantifies the question, how many renewable resources there are required by human
consumption of products and services.
AUSTRIA AS A LIVING ENVIRONMENT
It comprises the topic areas of environmental and climate conservation, preservation of
biodiversity and landscapes, land management and regional development as well as mobility and
traffic systems.
SOCIAL PRODUCTION AND ECOLOGY
Good works promote sustainable products made of renewable raw materials or recycled
materials in a targeted manner, and thus afford a contribution towards active environmental
conservation.
UNFAIR COMPETITION
Unfair (or disloyal) competition in commercial law is a deceptive business practice that causes
economic harm to other businesses or to consumers. It includes a number of areas of law involving
acts by one competitor or group of competitors which harm another in the field, and which may
give rise to criminal offenses and civil causes of action.
"Unfair competition" is a term that applies to dishonest or fraudulent rivalry in trade and
commerce. It's a branch of intellectual property law that particularly relates to the practice of
endeavouring to substitute one’s own goods or products in the market for those of another for the
purpose of deceiving the public. But it can take some other forms as well.
THE LEGAL AND ILLEGAL INSIDER TRADING
THE LEGAL INSIDER TRADING

Legal trades by insiders are common, as employees of publicly traded corporations often have
stock or stock options. These trades are made public in the United States through Securities and
Exchange Commission filings, mainly Form 4. U.S. SEC Rule 10b5-1 clarified that the prohibition
against insider trading does not require proof that an insider actually used material nonpublic
information when conducting a trade; possession of such information alone is sufficient to violate
the provision, and the SEC would infer that an insider in possession of material nonpublic
information used this information when conducting a trade.
THE ILLEGAL INSIDER TRADING

Rules prohibiting or criminalizing insider trading on material non-public information exist in most
jurisdictions around the world (Bhattacharya and Daouk, 2002), but the details and the efforts to
enforce them vary considerably. In the United States, Sections 16(b) and 10(b) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 directly and indirectly address insider trading. The U.S. Congress enacted
this law after the stock market crash of 1929. While the United States is generally viewed as
making the most serious efforts to enforce its insider trading laws, the broader scope of the
European model legislation provides a stricter framework against illegal insider trading.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Is a situation in which an individual has competing interests or loyalties? Conflicts of interest
involve dual relationships; one person in a position in one relationship and a relationship in another
situation. A conflict of interest can exist in many different situations.

Conflict of interest is a situation in which an internal auditor, who is in a position of trust, has a
competing professional or personal interest. Such competing interests can make it difficult to
fulfill his or her duties impartially. A conflict of interest exists even if no unethical or improper
act results.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: ACTIVITIES ORGANIZATIONS AND

IMPLEMENTING KINDS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a company
be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By practicing corporate social
responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies can be conscious of the kind of
impact they are having on all aspects of society including economic, social, and environmental.
To engage in CSR means that, in the normal course of business, a company is operating in ways
that enhance society and the environment, instead of contributing negatively to them.
CSR is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to the
economic development while improving the quality of life the workforce and their families as
well as that of the local community and society at large.

CORPORATE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SM MEGAMALL

Supporting Communities

SM cares, a division of SM foundation, collaborates with communities and organizations

that promote positive change. Its programs focus on people and the community, environmental
sustainability, disaster resilience and green campaigns.

People and the Community

Supporting communities to promote social inclusion in chosen sectors of the society. SM

focuses on serving its customers and the communities where SM operates. The people in the
community-most especially the marginalized sectors of society are given a voice and opportunity
to be heard, through the various activities and initiatives of SM Cares.

Person with disabilities

Commits to making every facility a place for all. Where customers with special needs
feel safe and welcome.

Children and Youth Development

Provides children-friendly facilities that are designed for their size, comfort, safety, and
enjoyment.

Women and Breastfeeding Mothers

Promotes the proper environment and support for mothers to feel free to feed anywhere in
our properties.

Overseas Filipino Workers

Honors our modern heroes through our Global Pinoy Centers, services, and programs.
Senior Citizens

Offers community programs for seniors to be more active, productive, engaged and
social.

Social Entrepreneurship

Provides venues to assist start-up businesses by promoting and exposing them to the
mainstream market.