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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. Introduction

In this modern day, technology is commonly widespread, where people who are young
and old can operate, use it and can give the meaning of technology on its own words.
Technology made our lives easier than before where it lessens our time in most of the works,
allows us to do the things we need to do or accomplish first, and it is used to communicate
easily.
Using technology, the researchers want to used technology and make the technology to be
useful to create something that would help you to have fun, relax, chill and give enjoyment and
relaxation as an entertainment
The game comes up with a recent application in pc or in mobile but in our title, we decided
that we will create the game on PC so that it will be more challenging to the person who install it.

B. Background of the Study

Tower Defense or we called TD games are one of the strategy games that focusing on tower
placement to defend your base from the enemies in every wave.TD games consist of human or
users and the game. By earing gold, you can buy or upgrade your towers to became stronger and
to survive from the enemies in every waved. With the higher level of the wave of enemies that you
can earned higher gold for each enemy that you kill by using best towers and by your own strategy.
Nowadays, the TD games can prove that is challenging, addictive and it will be lots of fun
also it is a past time. The TD Games can be used for completely research purpose. For example,
the TD game in Warcraft 3 engine. By the element of warcraft3 engine can we prove that the td
game is a very challenging game with the build of towers to protect your base by the enemies
trying to approach in your base. By the killing enemies your gold can increase and by the collecting
of gold you can bought new towers or upgrading it to became stronger .20 is the total of your lives.
If you finished before you get rid in the all of waves, means the game over and the players or users
need to start the game.

C. Objective of the Study

General Objective
The goal of this project is to create an intelligence tower defense game by using C sharp language
which is in Unity for rendering a 3D graphics with compatible in a desktop.

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Specific Objective
The objective of the study is to design an entertaining yet it cognitive enhancing computer gaming
app that would provide to the users an enjoyable experience and in the same way, some
knowledgeable facts that the game would provide.
D. Statement of the Problem
1. How do the IT experts compare and evaluate the tower defense game in terms of the following:

A. Functionality

B. Accuracy

C. Reliability

2. How do the users compare and evaluate the tower defense in terms of the following:

A. Accuracy

B. Reliability

C. Portability

E. Scope and Limitation

The study covers the functionality and benefits of the device designed for the gamer who are
addicted in games by using Different kinds of strategies or activating skills by using decisions
making, the component was designed specifically for gamers with the aged 6 years old and above
F. Significance of a Study
Users - The users are the main benefactor of the computer gaming app; it aims to determine how
to use proper strategy to your base.
Gamers - The system may also benefit those who wants to explore different type of games and
while they are playing they will also improve their decision making.
Future Researchers- The future researchers will also use this for their further research and they
may use the information provided in this current study. And may also help us improve and develop
our game more effectively and more beautiful.
G. Definition and Terms
Game- a form of play or sport, especially a competitive one played according to rules and decided
by skill, strength, or luck.

Desktop- the working area of a computer screen regarded as a representation of a notional

desktop and containing icons representing items such as files and a wastebasket.

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Technology- the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
Strategy- a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
Gamer- a person who plays video games or participates in role-playing games.
Intelligence- the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.
C# Language- C is an imperative procedural language. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively
straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that
map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. Despite its low-level
capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. A standards-
compliant C program that is written with portability in mind can be compiled for a very wide variety of
computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code. The language has become
available on a very wide range of platforms, from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers.

Accuracy- the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms
to the correct value or a standard.

Reliability- the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification can be
depended on to be accurate.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

FOREIGN LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Tower Defense (TD) is a sort of Real-Time Strategy (RTS) game, which is focusing on placing
static defensive units at strategic locations to stop enemies from moving across a map.
Traditionally, a Tower Defense game includes a player purchasing and organizing defensive
towers that fire on a troop of different types of enemies. The strength of enemies grows with
every wave so the difficulty is ever increasing. The player has several types of towers available,
each with various attributes and characters. Every time the player defeats an enemy, the player
gains money as reward. The player can use money to build other defenders or to upgrade
exiting defenders in order to make them more powerful. A game normally has winning
conditions, like surviving certain number of waves, or it may be endless and last until the player
loses by letting enough enemies reach to the ending point .( YE LI, B.Eng,2015).
file:///C:/Users/WKS/Downloads/Tower%20defense%20games%20-%20Ye%20Li.pdf

2. Tower Defense] or we called TD games are one of the strategy games that focusing on unit
(tower) placement that used to get rid of the enemies or resource allocation. In simplest form to
describe, TD consist of interaction between user and the game with the human player (users)
can buy and organize defensive towers that fire upon the waves of the enemies. The human
player can earn the money that need to build the defensive tower by killing each of the
enemies. With the higher level of the wave of enemies, the money that earned for each enemy
will be higher.( YONG,2014) http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13413/1/FSKKP%20-
%20KANG%20CHENG%20YONG.PDF

3. The development methodology used in this project consists of two main stages. The first stage
of this process was an analysis of the problem area, taking the form of a literature and
technology review. Next came a phase of iterative game design and implementation,
transforming the initial game concept into a working game prototype.( Brandt,2016)
http://daim.idi.ntnu.no/masteroppgaver/014/14718/masteroppgave.pdf

4. Tower Defense games are one of the Real Time Strategy category which human players exert
their game play strategy to build tower and win highest level of game. Research on
implementing Artificial Intelligence to Tower Defense games are seems unpopular in the world
but Tower Defense games have been proven that its simplicity and availability to create a test
bed for this research. In this research, two proposed Evolutionary Algorithms comprising of
Differential Evolution and Evolutionary Programming to evolve weight of Jordan Recurrent

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Neural Network, Elman’s Recurrent Neural Network and Feed Forward Neural Network and
Ensemble Neural Network. (YUAN,2014).
https://www.ums.edu.my/fki/files/IMPROVING_TOWER_DEFENSE_GAME_AI_DIFFERENTIAL_EV
OLUTION_VS_EVOLUTIONARY_PROGRAMMING_CHEAH_KEEI_YUAN.pdf

5. The Video Game selected in this work is a Tower Defense Game, called OTD, where the user
needs to build towers, in a 2-D grid, to avoid the enemies to reach the exit point of the level. It
has been created a framework that allows extract the information from the game and later use
statistical techniques to analyze the gamers behavior. Finally, some experiments have been
carried out to test this framework.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-10774-5_18

LOCAL LITERATURE REWIEW

1. A qualitative research study is presented herein with the purpose of identifying

mathematics learning opportunities in students between 10 and 12 years old while
playing a commercial version of a Tower Defense game. These learning
opportunities are understood as mathematic sable moments of the game and
involve the establishment of relationships between the game and mathematical
problem solving. Based on the analysis of these mathematic sable moments, we
conclude that the game can promote problem-solving processes and learning
opportunities that can be associated with different mathematical contents that
appears in mathematics curricula, thought it seems that teacher or new game
elements might be needed to facilitate the processes. (sabate,2015)
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lluis_Albarracin/publication/286913995_Mathematics_l
earning_opportunities_when_playing_a_Tower_Defense_Game/links/567331f108ae1557cf494
de2/Mathematics-learning-opportunities-when-playing-a-Tower-Defense-Game.pdf

2. Students can benefit more in gamification of education rather than using traditional way of
educating students. Gamification means using game mechanics to make teaching, motivating,
casual and fun for students. (Logarta,2014)
http://www.academia.edu/7887908/Chapter_2_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERATURE_AND_STU
DIES

3. In recent years, digital or web-based games have increasingly supported learning. In the context
of online education, this research area attracts a significant amount of interest from the
scientific and educational community, for example tutors, students and game designers. With
the growing expansion of technology, instructors and those who create educational policy are
interested in introducing innovative technological tools, such as video games, virtual worlds, and

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Massive Multi-Player Online Games (MMPOGs) (Buckless and Gómez, 2014).

https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1
4. Although the two terms are neither wholly synonymous, or completely differentiated, in the
main body of this review, the focus will be on lumping them together and perceiving them as
points across a multidimensional continuum (Aldrich and Renken, 2016)
https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1

5. He concludes that there is a positive or neutral relationship between the use of simulations and
games and learning achievement.(Smale,2015)
https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design
Methods of Research Used
Experimental Method. It is the method used by the researchers to describe data and characteristics
of the game that is being proposed.

Library Research Method. It is a method that includes searching in the library and reading some
books to get valid and verifiable source about on the researchers proposed game.

Internet Method. A method that it includes surfing in the net to find more accurate and
knowledgeable information about on any studies of visual novel game that used by the researchers.

Respondents of the Study

Since the game can be played by almost all, the researchers preferred to have a 10 respondents
who are in high school students. These are students of Our Lady of Fatima University

Data Gathering Tools

Questionnaire Tool. The researchers used the questionnaire tools which include an instrument
which includes a series of question for the respondents for the purpose of gathering information

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B. Tools Used in the Analysis

Floor Plan

Users Perspective

Game Top View

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Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework

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B. Tools Used in the Analysis

System Flow Chart

Play

Player Waves Coming

Build Towers Enemies

Enters

Standard Tower Normal Enemy

Game Starts
Enters
Missile Tower
Fast Enemy
Laser Tower Enters

Tough Enemy
All Enemies Enters
Dead and still
have a lives?

No Yes

Game Over Menu Next Wave Coming

Retry End

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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

A. Evaluation of Experts

Table 3.0: System Evaluation Result on Portability

Criterion Mean Interpretation

Portability
a. The system can be installed in computer. 4.75 Highly Acceptable
b. The system can run in unity. 4.7 Highly Acceptable
c. The system runs properly in computer. 4.75 Highly Acceptable
Total Mean 4.73 Highly Acceptable

The System Evaluation Result on Portability Criterion shows that the mean got it in each survey
question and also the weighted mean that gives the total of all added average. The accessibility of the system
got an average of 4.75 so that means it is highly acceptable. The second question got an average of 4.7 it
also highly acceptable. And lastly, the verification of code got an average of 4.75 and obviously it is highly
acceptable.

The total mean of all added results from each survey question got an average of 4.73. This only means
that the Portability of the system is highly acceptable to the user.

Table 4.0: System Evaluation Result on User-Friendliness

Criterion Mean Interpretation

User-Friendliness
a. The system is easy to understand. 4.75 Highly Acceptable
b. The system is easy to use. 4.65 Highly Acceptable
c. The design is appropriate to the users. 4.8 Highly Acceptable
Total Mean 4.73 Highly Acceptable

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The System Evaluation Result on User-Friendliness Criterion shows that the mean got it in each
survey question and also the weighted mean that gives the total of all added average. The responds to easy
to use got an average of 4.63 it only means that it is highly acceptable.

The total means of all added results from each survey question got an average of 4.73. This only
means that the User Friendliness of the system is highly acceptable to the user.

Table 5.0: System Evaluation Result on Functionality

Criterion Mean Interpretation

Functionality
a. The buttons are clickable. 4.7 Highly Acceptable
b. The buttons functioning properly. 4.95 Highly Acceptable
c. The system can provide and give information. 4.45 Acceptable
d. The system can produce output/results. 4.5 Acceptable
Total Mean 4.65 Highly Acceptable

The System Evaluation Result of Functionality Criterion shows that the mean got it in each survey
question and also the weighted mean that gives the total of all added average. The system functioning
properly got an average of 4.95 it only means that it is highly acceptable. The capability in producing
output/results got an average of 4.5 it resulted to acceptable. And lastly, the Functionality of the system in
every task got an average of 4.65 and it resulted to highly acceptable.

Table 6.0: System Evaluation Result on Usability

Criterion Mean Interpretation

Usability
a. The system consistently provides accurate information. 4.5 Acceptable
b. The system consistently produces correct output / results. 4.95 Highly Acceptable
c. The system consistently performs the task needed. 4.85 Highly Acceptable
Total Mean 4.77 Highly Acceptable

The System Evaluation Result of Usability Criterion shows that the mean got it in each survey
question and also the weighted mean that gives the total of all added average. The system Usability
Consistently provides accurate information properly got an average of 4.5 it only means that it is acceptable.

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The system in producing output/results got an average of 4.95 it resulted to Highly Acceptable. The third
question got an average of 4.85 it is also Highly Acceptable and lastly, the Usability of the system in every
task got an average of 4.77 and it resulted to Highly Acceptable.

Table 7.0: System Evaluation Result on Accuracy

Criterion Mean Interpretation

Accuracy
a. The system provides accurate information. 4.7 Highly Acceptable
b. The system produces correct output / results. 4.75 Highly Acceptable
c. The design of the system matches with the information
4.7 Highly Acceptable
provided.
d. The difficulty of the system is appropriate to the level of
4.85 Highly Acceptable
knowledge of the users.
Total Mean 4.75 Highly Acceptable

The total mean of all added results from each survey question got an average of 4.75. This only
means that the Accuracy of the system is highly acceptable to the user.

Table 6.0: Summary of Software Evaluation Result by IT Professional

Criteria Mean Interpretation

Portability 4.73 Highly Acceptable
User-Friendliness 4.73 Highly Acceptable
Functionality 4.65 Highly Acceptable
Usability 4.77 Highly Acceptable
Accuracy 4.75 Highly Acceptable
Total Mean: 4.72 Highly Acceptable

The IT Professional Evaluation has gathered the results, stated above. The Portability of the system
has the mean of 4.73 which generally rated as highly acceptable. The User-Friendliness of the system has
the mean of 4.73 which also rated as highly acceptable. The functionality of the system has the mean of 4.65
which rated as highly acceptable. The Usability of the system has the mean of 4.77 which rated as highly
acceptable. The Accuracy of the system has the mean of 4.75 which rated as highly acceptable.

Summing it up, the total mean was 4.72 which remarked the system as highly acceptable.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

The researcher designed and developed a Tower Defense Game App using Unity Cross Platform
Engine. The general purpose of this study covered on how it will help the users, gamers and the future
researchers to boost up their cognitive skill. The researchers conduct a survey to IT professionals, client and
customer as the respondents. Only 20 respondents from 3 Information Technology Professionals and 17
Students/users were given a chance to give their insights and views on the system.

The overall portability, user-friendliness, functionality, usability and accuracy criteria of the system
were said to be highly acceptable.

The researchers were able to arrive at these conclusions based on the findings of the study. The
researcher used Survey Evaluation in order to determine the capability and functionality of the system. Survey
Evaluation used to test the system as a whole means running all the criteria at a time.

On the process of evaluation, the researchers used questionnaire method with the following criteria
namely: Portability, User-Friendliness, Functionality, Usability and Accuracy The overall result of the
evaluation got highly acceptable rate. The developed system was found to be portable, user-friendly,
functional, fast in terms of ordering process and congenial. The very important in this study was the effective
online ordering that corresponds to the data received from the user.

The system was created with the help of C# programming language and Unity Cross Platform
Engine.

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B. Recommendation

The findings in this survey suggest that the system is highly acceptable and people really believed
that it can help them, it is recommended to be used because the survey has shown and the people appealed
for its effective.

However, IT Experts have recommended the following to further improve the system - make sales
report and current transactions, generate the minimum and maximum order per day, and to display the
processing time or notice of status (if it is preparing or shipping).

Also, the users have suggested to put a feedback in the system to know the quality and services of
the product; and to add widgets for the system to be used easily.

Reference

file:///C:/Users/WKS/Downloads/Tower%20defense%20games%20-%20Ye%20Li.pdf

http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13413/1/FSKKP%20-%20KANG%20CHENG%20YONG.PDF

http://daim.idi.ntnu.no/masteroppgaver/014/14718/masteroppgave.pdf

https://www.ums.edu.my/fki/files/IMPROVING_TOWER_DEFENSE_GAME_AI_DIFFERENTIAL_EVOLUTIO
N_VS_EVOLUTIONARY_PROGRAMMING_CHEAH_KEEI_YUAN.pdf

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-10774-5_18

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lluis_Albarracin/publication/286913995_Mathematics_learning_
opportunities_when_playing_a_Tower_Defense_Game/links/567331f108ae1557cf494de2/Mathematics
-learning-opportunities-when-playing-a-Tower-Defense-Game.pdf

http://www.academia.edu/7887908/Chapter_2_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERATURE_AND_STUDIES

https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1

https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1

https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1

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