A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device that allows users to make and receive calls and to send

text messages. The earliest generation of mobile phones are bulky thus making them impossible to
carry, can only make and receive phone calls. Later, mobile phones became capable of receiving text
messages. As these devices evolved, they became smaller and more features are added.

Radiation is energy travelling through space. Sunshine is one of the most familiar forms of radiation. It
delivers light, heat and suntans. While enjoying and depending on it, we control our exposure to it.
Beyond ultraviolet radiation from the sun are higher-energy kinds of radiation which are used in
medicine and which we all get in low doses from space, from the air, and from the earth and rocks.
Collectively we can refer to these kinds of radiation as ionising radiation. It can cause damage to matter,
particularly living tissue. At high levels it is therefore dangerous, so it is necessary to control our
exposure. While we cannot feel this radiation, it is readily detected and measured, and exposure can
easily be monitored.

Just by their basic operations, mobile phones have to emit a small of amount of electromagnetic
radiation. Cell phones emit signals via radio waves, which are comprised of radio-frequency (RF) energy,
a form of electromagnetic radiation. The RF waves from cell phones come from the antenna, which is
part of the body of a hand-held phone. The waves are strongest at the antenna and lose energy quickly
as they travel away from the phone. The phone is typically held against the side of the head when in use.
The closer the antenna is to the head, the greater a person’s expected exposure to RF energy. The body
tissues closest to the phone absorb more energy than tissues farther away.