SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO | Jeffrey S.

Manzano, BSPsy
WHAT IS SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO? psychology, health psychology, community/rural
 The study of “diwa” (psyche) (Enriques, 1985) psychology, folk practices or indigenous techniques of
 Based on assessing historical and socio-cultural healing, popular religio-political movements,
realities, understanding the local language, psychology of the arts and others)
unraveling Filipino characteristics and explaining ◘ On Science-Humanism Issue
them through the eyes of the native Filipino. → Concerned with scientific and humanistic
 Its principal emphasis is to foster national identity approaches
and consciousness, social involvement and → Psychology as a science and as an art
psychology of language and culture. ◘ On the Mentalism-Behaviorism Issue
 It is not anti-Western theory and methods, but → Lesser emphasis on individual experience and
against a non-selective use of imposition of Western greater emphasis on the collective experience of a
knowledge. people with a common bond of history.
◘ On the Analysis-Wholeness Issue
VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ → It is methodologically on the side of “analysis”, but
interprets the “result” of analysis with the bias for
“Sikolohiyang Pilipino” – Filipino Psychology wholeness.
“Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas” – Psychology in the Philippines (the FILIPINO VALUES
general form of psychology in the Philippine context)  BAHALA NA
“Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino” – psychology of the Filipinos  a fatalistic resignation/withdrawal from an
(theorizing about psychological nature of the Filipinos- engagement/crisis or a shirking from personal
whether from a local or foreign perspectives) responsibility (Andres, 1994)
 Leaving everything to God
TYPES OF INDIGENIZATION  Not fatalism but “ determination and risk-taking”
“Cultural revalidation” - a better term for “indigenization” (Lagmay, 1977)
A. From “without”  HIYA
 Based largely on simple translation of concepts,  The uncomfortable feeling that accompanies
methods, theories and measures into Filipino. awareness of being in a socially unacceptable
B. From “within” position, or performing a socially unacceptable
 Gives more emphasis after the translation action (Lynch, 1961)
attempts failed to capture or express a truly  An ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during
Filipino psychology. fiestas (Andres, 1994)
 Means looking for the indigenous psychology  According to Salazar, its more appropriate
“from within the culture itself” and not just translation in English is “sense of propriety”
clothing a foreign body with local dress  UTANG NA LOOB
ZEUS SALAZAR’S FOUR FILIATIONS OF SIKOLOHIYANG  In the context of Filipino culture, it actually
PILIPINO means “gratitude or solidarity”
1. Academic-Scientific Psychology (Western  PAKIKISAMA VS. PAKIKIPAGKAPWA
Tradition)  Maintaining “smooth interpersonal relations” by
2. Academic-Philosophical Psychology – pursued by going along with the group or the majority
the UST and other schools of learning under the decision (i.e., conformity)
leadership of monks, preachers and the Jesuits.  PAKIKIPAGKAPWA – treating the other person
3. Ethnic Psychology – basis of SikoPil for integrating as fellow human being (kapwa).
ASP and APP; includes “indigenous psychology”,  Kapwa (shared identity) is at the core of Filipino
“psychology of Filipinos” and the “practice of social psychology and which is at the heart of the
psychology by Filipinos” structure of Filipino values.
4. Psycho-Medical System with Religion as cohesive  Two categories of Kapwa:
element and explanation. IBANG-TAO (OUTSIDER) HINDI-IBANG-TAO (ON-
OF-US)
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO
Pakikitungo
◘ Philosophical anthecedents Pakikisalamuha Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
→ Empirical Philosophy – teachings of Ricardo Pakikilahok Pakikisangkot
Pascual, logical analysis of language Pakikibagay Pakikiisa (highest level)
→ Rational Philosophy – the clerical tradition, Pakikisama
phenomenology
→ Liberalism – the propaganda movements, ethnic
ENRIQUEZ’ FILIPINO BEHAVIOR PATTERN AND VALUE
psychology
STRUCTURE
◘ Principal Emphasis
→ National identity and consciousness, social
COLONIAL/ACCOMMO CONFRONTATIVE
awareness and involvement etc. DATIVE SURFACE VALUES SURFACE VALUES
◘ Methods of Investigation
Hiya Bahala na
→ “cross-indigenous method”, “multi-method multi-
Utang na Loob Sama/Lakas ng Loob
language approach”, “appropriate field methods”
Pakikisama Pakikibaka
and “total approach” (triangulation method)
◘ Areas of Protest CORE VALUES LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL
→ It is against a psychology used for the exploitation VALUE
of the masses or perpetuates the colonial status of Kapwa Kagandahang-loob
the Filipino mind. INTERPERSONAL SOCIETAL VALUES
◘ Psychological Practices VALUE
→ It endorses the conceptualization of psychological
practice in the Philippine context (e.g., livelihood
 SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO | Jeffrey S. Manzano, BSPsy
Karangalan
Pakikiramdam Katarungan
Kalayaan

INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODS

1) PAKAPA-KAPA – by groping, searching and probing
into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural
data to obtain order, meaning and directions for
research.
2) PAGTATANONG-TANONG – research participants
are free to ask the reasearcher as many questions as
they want, acting much like a ‘researcher”
themselves.
3) PAKIKIPAGKUWENTUHAN (story telling or
informal conversations)
4) GINABAYANG-TALAKAYAN (collective indigenous
discussion)
5) NAKIKIUGALING-PAGMAMASID (participant
observation)
6) PAKIKISAMA (getting along with)
7) PAGDALAW-DALAW (visiting)
8) PANUNULUYAN (residing in the research setting)